牧羊人的恋歌
英国文学史作家作品(常耀信)
鸡尾酒会
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..
.奥登
夜间漫步
*
迪伦·托马斯
蕨山
请别柔声的对人生道晚安
*
威廉·燕卜森
诗歌
酝酿中的风暴
朦胧的七种类型
奥尔德斯·赫胥黎·
克鲁姆庄园
旋律与对立
勇敢新世界
乔治·奥威尔
动物农场
伊芙林·沃
衰落
邪恶的躯体
一把尘土
格雷厄姆·格林
权利与荣耀
物质的心
人类要素
克里斯托弗·伊舍伍德
.诺里斯先生换火车
:’仲夏夜之梦威尼斯商人如愿第十二夜;
:哈姆雷特王子复仇记;奥塞罗李尔王;麦克白;
():波里克利斯;辛白林;’冬天的故事;暴风风雨;
弗朗西斯·培根
随笔集
学问的演进
新工具
新大西洋岛
本·琼森
福尔蓬奈或狐狸
炼金术士
巴托罗缪市集
个性互异
詹姆斯王
翻译
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约翰·邓恩
跳骚
:离别辞：节哀
歌
祷告
约翰•弥尔顿
失乐园
复乐园
威弗利
简•奥斯丁
傲慢与偏见
理智与情感
爱玛
曼斯菲尔德庄园
好事多磨
诺桑觉寺
乔治·戈登·拜伦
唐•璜
波西•比希•雪莱
钦契
专制者的面具
西风云雀颂
诗辩
解放了的普罗米修斯
约翰·济兹
恩底弥翁
伊莎贝拉
圣爱尼节前夜
希腊古瓮颂
夜莺颂
秋颂
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托马斯·卡莱尔
:再造的裁缝
过去与现在
约翰·斯图亚特·米尔
功利主义
论自由
[讲解]牧羊人恋歌ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove
![[讲解]牧羊人恋歌ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/725e23184b7302768e9951e79b89680203d86bef.png)
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。
它继承了田园抒情诗的风格。
诗中的牧羊人享受着乡村生活，酝酿着对爱人的纯洁感情。
通过描写恋人们在无世事尘嚣干扰的山野怀抱中生活，作者传达了一种不可言传的真情。
英国最优美的抒情诗之一。
原文及几个版本的译文如下The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveCome live with me and be my love,And we will all the pleasures proveThat V alleys,groves,hills,and fields,Woods,or steepy mountain yields.And we will sit upon the rocks,Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,By shallow rivers to whose fallsMelodious birds sing madrigals.And I will make thee beds of rosesAnd a thousand fragrant posies,A cap of flowers, and a kirtleEmbroidered all with leaves of myrtle;A gown made of the finest woolWhich from our pretty lambs we pull;Fair lined slippers for the cold,With buckles of the purest gold;A belt of straw and ivy buds,With coral clasps and amber studs:and if these pleasures may thee moveCome live with me ,and be my loveThe shepherds'swains shall dance and singFor thy delight each May morning:if these delight thy mind may move,Then live with me and be my love.译文1激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘来与我同住吧，做我的爱人，我们将共享一切欢乐；来自河谷、树丛、山岳、田野，来自森林或陡峭的峻岭。
(前)伊丽莎白时代(第二章~第三章)
三、The Pre-Elizabethan Period前伊丽莎白时期The150years between the death of Chaucer and the ascension of Queen Elizabeth I was a very important period in history.Humanism as a movement came into existence.①Thomas More托马斯·莫尔Utopia consists of two books with emphasis on Book II in which the Utopian weal republic is described in detail.重点是详细描写理想国的第二卷。
Book I is written in the form of a dialogue between More and a traveler by the name of Rapael Hythloday.莫尔和拉斐尔·希斯洛德的旅行者之间的对话。
hints at the notion that the whole work is not a manifesto but rather a n endeavor to explore the potential of human life暗示整本书不是宣言，只是试图探讨人类生活的其他可能Utopia,a kind of“Nowhere Land”曾经去过乌托邦，一个“乌有之乡”Utopia offers the best ideal social system possible that could be offered at the time.《乌托邦》指出了当时社会可能提供的理想社会模式。
Utopia is an imaginary country where democracy replaces tyranny,commonwealth replaces private property...there is no distinction between the rich and the poor,education is free for all乌托邦是一个虚构的国家民主代替了专政，全民公有制代替了私有财产...没有贫富差距，每个人都可以接受免费教育The limitation of Utopian Society:The Utopian society is clearly male-dominated:there is no mention of gender equality,no equal opportunity for administrative and religious jobs,no clear recognition of the female sex and their rights,but a very clear indication that the women folk have to submit to their men folk as,for instance,they have to kneel before their men and confess on days of religious observance.乌托邦明显是一个以男性为主导的社会：书中并没有提到性别平等，没有行政与宗教工作均等的机会，没有对女性和其权益的明确认可，但却明确指出女性应该服从男性，如他们在宗教仪式之前不得不跪在男性面前忏悔。
经典爱情诗-莎士比亚
经典爱情诗-莎士比亚篇一：著名爱情诗精选中国著名爱情诗精选（1）初恋呢喃1、再别康桥（徐志摩）2、初恋（程宝林）3、邂逅（王西艾）4、沉默的约会（董培龙）5、初恋的记忆（王鸣久）6、二月（黄晓华）7、等你，在雨中（余光中）8、初相遇（席慕容）9、风铃（余光中）10、碧潭（余光中）11、只要彼此爱一次（汪国真）12、前缘（席慕容）13、少女的日记（申爱萍）14、题洋娃娃（周良沛）15、每当我走过湖滨（胡昭）16、关于爱情（艾青）17、抒情七章（选一）（力杨）18、我喜欢你（沈从文）19、省略号（李钢）20、火与冰凌（晓钢）（2）热恋私语1、热情（朱湘）2、我是一条小河（冯至）3、温柔（李金发）4、林下的小语（戴望服）5、给他（林子）6、果林夜曲（梁上泉）7、一千双眼睛和两双眼睛（陈所巨）8、红象（林象）9、我以这轻歌试探你（郑愁予）10、爱情（查干）11、献诗（郭沫若）12、执子之手与子偕老（陈帆）13、我和你（李松涛）14、走向你（刘虹）15、两个人的故事（汪国真）16、星星（柯原）17、我等待你（徐志摩）18、颤抖（孙友田）19、初夏（朱红）20、雨夜（北岛）（3）暗恋表白1、教我如何不想他（刘半农）2、眼（史卫斯）3、思念（王燕生）4、怀想着（张新泉） 5、你是人间的四月天（刘半农） 6、他（席慕容）7、能变多少呢（汪静子）8、默默的情怀（汪国真）9、心中的玫瑰（汪国真）10、盼望（席慕容）11、蓝色的眼睛（玲君） 12、月桂树的愿望（席慕容）13、海韵（徐志摩）14、蛇（冯至）15、思念（蔡其矫）16、你的名字（纪弦）17、茫（余光中）18、赠（舒亭）19、虽然不是爱人（胡风）20、谣曲（方含）21、伊底眼（汪静之）22、落叶小唱（徐志摩）23、预言（何其芳）（4）苦恋倾诉1、唱给失恋者的歌（商子秦）2、偶然（徐志摩）3、路边的树（纪宇）4、你曾经是我的舞伴（林希）5、就在相约的地方（李发模） 6、重逢（之一）（席慕容） 7、一棵开花的树（席慕容） 8、赋别（抽郑愁予） 9、永远，我等（余光中）10、不是再见（顾城） 11、流浪者之歌（席慕容） 12、是的，我不爱你（韩作荣） 13、不要苦恋（陈帆）14、背影（张华） 15、翡冷翠的一夜(徐志摩) 16、要求(周良沛) 17、给X(戴砚田)18、冬（江河）19、示娴（刘梦苇）20、江望（未凡）21、无题（杜运） 22、有赠（曾卓）中国古典爱情诗精选（1）献给天下有情人1、关雕（周�q《诗经�q周南》）2、氓（周�q诗经�q卫风）3、蒹葭（周�q 诗经�q秦风）4、有所思（汉�q乐府诗）5、上邪（汉�q乐府诗）6、结发为夫妻（汉�q无名氏）7、涉江采芙蓉（汉�q 《古诗十九首》）8、冉冉孤生竹（汉�q《古诗十九首》）9、迢迢牵牛星（汉�q《古诗十九首》）10、有所思（南朝�q梁�q萧衍）11、折杨柳（南朝�q梁�q萧钢） 12、西洲曲（南朝�q乐府民歌）13、寄芫郎（隋朝�q张碧兰） 14、春江花月夜（唐�q张若虚）15、望月怀远（唐�q张九龄） 16、闺怨（唐�q王昌龄）17、长干行（唐�q李白） 18、春梦（唐�q岑参）19、相思（唐�q王维） 20、题都城南庄（唐�q崔护）21、竹枝词（诗一）（唐�q刘禹锡） 22、赠内（唐�q白居易）23、琵琶行（唐�q白居易） 24、长相思（唐�q白居易）25、赠别（选一）（唐�q杜牧） 26、锦瑟（唐�q李商隐）27、夜雨寄北（唐�q李商隐） 28、无题（选一）（唐�q李商隐）（2）献给天下有情人29、怅恨歌（唐�q白居易） 30、菩萨蛮（唐�q敦煌曲子词）31、更漏子（唐�q温庭筠） 32、望江南（唐�q温庭筠）33、生查子（唐�q牛希济） 34、女冠子（唐�q韦庄）35、歇金门（南唐�q冯延已） 36、滑平乐（南唐�q李煜）37、虞美人（南唐�q李煜） 38、蝶恋花（北宋�q欧阳修）39、踏莎行（北宋�q欧阳修） 40、苏穆遮（北宋�q范仲淹）41、完溪沙（北宋�q晏殊） 42、玉楼春（北宋�q晏殊）43、临江仙（北宋�q晏几道） 44、鹧鸪天（北宋�q晏几道）45、雨霖林（北宋�q柳永） 46、凤西梧（北宋�q柳永）47、江程子（北宋�q苏轼） 48、蝶恋花（北宋�q苏轼）49、水龙吟（北宋�q苏轼） 50、水调歌头（北宋�q苏轼）51、鹊桥仙（北宋�q秦观） 52、江程子（北宋�q秦观）53、青玉案（北宋�q秦观） 54、一剪梅（南宋�q李清照）55、醉花阴（南宋�q李清照） 56、点绛唇（南宋�q李清照）57、青玉案（南宋�q辛弃疾） 58、钗头凤（南宋�q陆游）59、西楼曲（金�q元好问） 60、马傀（清�q袁牧）外国著名爱情诗精选（1）初恋呢喃1、初恋（约翰�q克莱尔）2、我愿意是树（斐多菲）3、园丁集（第十六）（泰戈尔）4、有谁知道他（伊萨科夫斯基）5、请别看我的眼睛（豪斯曼）6、你让我等的太久了（利利恩克戎）7、乐章（拜伦）8、萨提树下（瓦尔特）9、犹疑（密茨凯维奇）10、歌集（选一）（彼特拉克）11、给一我畏惧你的吻（雪莱）12、换心（柯勒律治）13、写给一位女士（拜伦）14、她走在美的光彩中（拜伦）15、给玛丽（雪莱）16、第一次他亲我（布朗宁夫人）17、三重影（但丁�q罗塞蒂）18、磨房主的女儿（丁启生）19、爱的回忆（柯勒律治）20.、春（托马斯�q纳什）21、生日（罗塞蒂）22、爱的哲理（雪莱）（2）热恋私语1、自由与爱情（托马斯�q坎贝尔）2、深夜幽会（罗伯特�q勃郎宁）3、你是我活着的缘由（罗伯特）4、我为什么爱你，先生（狄金森）5、致克莉蒙纳（魏尔伦）6、星星们动也不动（海涅）7、我的爱情是咆哮的海（斐多菲）8、我心爱的少女（瓦尔特）9、《海蒂》IX（海涅）10、爱情残酷而甜蜜（麦克唐纳）11、歌（夏绿蒂�q缪）12、爱（反本越郎）13、致海伦（爱伦�q坡）14、美啊，我的恋人（斯宾塞）15、牧羊人的恋歌（马洛）16、我爱你的一切（艾顿）17、爱无所不在（塞尔维斯特）18、海上的爱情（斯文伯恩）19、数者心跳（罗伯特）20、即使你的青春美丽都消逝（托马斯）21、明灯（萨娜）22、配偶（斯文伯恩）23、暴风雨夜，暴风雨夜！（狄金森）24、致安西雅（罗伯特）（3）暗恋表白1、你占领了我的心房（莎士比亚）2、致――（雪莱）3、爱的一生（罗伯特�q勃郎宁）4、等着我吧（西蒙诺夫）5、恳求（叶莆图申柯）6、第十五首情诗（聂鲁达）7、洛彩德（贝朗瑞）8、“假如有一天他回来了”（梅特林克）9、命令（普雷舍伦）10、我希望能为你所爱（洛赫维茨卡娅）11、十四行诗（但丁）12、灵与肉（米开朗琪罗容）13、你还很遥远（马林）14、我爱慕亲吻你指心的键盘（莎士比亚）15、冬天的樱花（新川和江）16、天真但又合乎人情的歌（柯勒律治）17、给――（济慈）18、徘徊在你的身影里（勃郎宁夫人）19、燕子啊燕子（丁尼生）20、想念（罗塞蒂）21、葡萄牙十四行诗（勃郎宁夫人）22、信任你的爱人（约翰�q德莱顿）（4）苦恋倾诉1、致失恋者（约翰�q萨克林）2、爱别离（迈克�q德莱顿）3、想从前我们俩分手（拜伦） 4、驱月（哈代） 5、心同心无法锁在一起（阿赫玛托娃） 6、我曾陶醉于爱情（塔朱玛库洛娃） 7、岛（卡扎柯娃） 8、绿蒂与维特（歌德）9、非浪漫的浪漫曲（克斯特纳）10、海涛（夸西莫多） 11、你为何沉默（华滋华斯）12、一次失约（莎士比亚）13、我们分手了（莱蒙托夫） 14、不要叫我为你的无情申辩（张华） 15、昨天他还向我献殷勤(茨维塔耶娃) 16、致XXX(莱蒙托夫) 17、记着我(罗塞娜)18、往日的光辉（托马斯�q穆尔）19、失去的恋人（罗伯特�q勃朗宁）20、我不爱你（伊丽莎白�q诺顿 )英美经典爱情诗精选1、The Birds'Rondel 鸟儿回旋曲(杰弗里�q乔叟）2、The Lover"s Appeal 情人的衷诉（托马斯�q怀亚特）3、Forget Not Yet 不要忘记(托马斯�q怀亚特)4、Love That Doth Reigy and Live Within My Thought 爱统治着我并且活在我的思想里(利�q霍华德)5、A Silent Love无声的爱恋（爱得华�q戴尔）6、Wooing in a Dream梦中的求爱（尼古拉斯�q布里顿）7、A Renunciation 死心断念（爱德华�q德�q威儿）8、Fresh Spring 青春的时候（爱德蒙�q斯宾塞）9、My Love Is Like To Ice 我的情人像冰（爱德蒙�q斯宾塞）10、Fair Is My Love 美哉，我的爱人（爱德蒙�q斯宾塞）11、Cupid and Campaspe 爱神和康帕篇二：莎士比亚作品的10个经典短语源自于莎士比亚作品的10个经典短语 1. Green-Eyed Monster: 嫉妒The evil Iago plants doubts in Othello's mind about his wife'sfaithfulness, while advising him, "O, beware, mylord, of jealousy! / It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock / The meat it feeds on." (Othello, Act 3, Scene 3)莎士比亚原文：邪恶的伊阿古让奥赛罗对妻子的忠心起了疑心，提醒他说，“噢，大人，要小心嫉妒之心！那可是一只绿眼的妖魔，它惯于耍弄爪下的猎物。
伊甸园之梦_论英国的田园文学
生活、 逃避城市的喧嚣； 英国人则反对现代文明、 逃 避机器对人的异化。许多人面对国内充满争斗的社 会现实， 面对工业革命所带来的种种痼疾， 对城市生 活非常厌恶， 对工业化给农村带来的灾难极为不满， “ 他们在卢梭 返回自然” 思想的影响下， 遁迹山水、 寻 梦田园。随着资本主义工商业和城市文明的不断发 展， 人们所推崇的爱、 自由、 人性等逐渐遭到异化、 破 坏， 在这种情况下， 人们着力描绘田园风光、 自然景 物、 乡村生活、 风土人情， 以此而着意于展示普通人 的精神世界。 二 爱情生活是人类生活的重要内容，爱情理想是 人类理想的重要组成部分，追求美好的爱情也就自 然成为世界各民族的共同理想。本・琼生的 《 致西 “ 丽娅》 就向人们讲述了爱情的香醇和令人心醉： 愿 你一个热吻留在杯中，& 天下的醇醪算它最美； &我 灵魂渴望着这一杯啊， & 饮一口心也醉。 & 即使众神 仙献出他们的美酒， & 我也不愿交换这神圣的一
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西方田园文学源远流长，文学史家一般认为希 腊化时期的特奥克里托斯是西方田园文学的始祖， 他的田园诗描写了西西里岛的牧人、农夫、渔民简 朴宁静的生活，影响了欧洲后世的众多作家。希伯 莱《 圣经》 中那和谐、 宁静、 古朴的伊甸园， 更是许多 人梦寐以求的乐园。自文艺复兴以来， 诗人、 作家们 出于对社会现实的不满，往往缅怀古朴的宗法制社 会， 寻觅梦中的伊甸乐园， 于是， 英国文学中相继出 现了大量的田园牧歌。在英国田园文学中，作家们 “ 多借 “ 牧羊人” 意象来阐释他们对 “ 爱情生活” 、 田 ” 园世界” 和“ 人品修养” 的体悟， 寄托他们的理想与 追求。 一
英美文学范围
Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇Edmund Spenser：The Shepherd’s Calendar 牧羊人日历The Faerie Queene 仙后Amoretti 爱情小诗Christopher Marlowe：The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 多情牧羊人的恋歌Tamburlaine 铁木耳大帝The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 浮士德The Jew of Malta 马耳他岛的犹太人Francis Bacon：各种论——论名人、论事物、论人生William Shakespare （老婆Anne Hathway）悲剧x10Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Hamlet哈姆雷特To be, or not to be-that is the question Othello奥赛罗King Lear 李尔王Macbeth麦克白历史剧x10叙事诗x2十四行诗x154 （1593~1599）1-126 a handsome young friend127-154 dark lady of the sonnets喜剧x14A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非Twelfth Night 第十二夜The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人All’s Well That Ends Well终成眷属As You Like It皆大欢喜浪漫剧x3John Donne：The Flea跳蚤The Sun Rising 升起的太阳Death, Be Not Proud死亡，不要骄狂Song歌Daniel Defoe：Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Captain Singleton辛格尔顿船Moll Flanders摩尔·弗兰德斯A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年记事Jonathan SwiftGulliver's Travels 格列佛游记Henry Fielding：Tom Jones 汤姆·琼斯Alexander Pope：An Essay on Criticism批判论Moral Essays道德论The Rape of the Lock夺发记The Dunciad愚人记Samuel Johnson：Oxford English Dictionary牛津英语字典Robert Burns：Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长William Wordsworth：Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集{I wondered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独地漫游，像一片云The Daffodils咏水仙Lucy Poems露西组诗We are Seven我们七个}George G Byron：Hours of Idleness闲暇时刻Child Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗德游记Don Juan 唐璜Percy B. Shelley：The Necessity of Atheism无神论的重要性Address to the Irish People告爱尔兰人书Queen Mab仙后麦布The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛The Masque of Anarchy暴政的行列Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯The Cenci钦契一家A Defence of Poetry 诗辩Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark致云雀1. _C__has been regarded as the real father of the novel.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Samuel Richardson2. In addition to The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Defoe also wrote ___D___.A. Tom JonesB. PamelaC. The Adventures of Roderick RandomD. Moll Flanders3. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less___B___ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. indifferent4. For the Romantics, __C__is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.A.loveB.manC.natureD.death5.In the Romantic period, __B__is the most prosperous literary form.A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.play6. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from ____B_____.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----1901Iambic抑扬格Trochaic扬抑格Anapestic抑抑扬Dactylic扬抑抑Spondaic扬扬Monosyllabic foot单音节音步：MonometerDimeterTrimeterTetrameterPantameterHexameterII. Literary terms1. epic史诗的Epics are long narrative poems叙事诗that record the adventures of the hero whose exploits 功绩are important to the history of a nation.Typically they chronicle记录the origins of a civilization and embody体现its central beliefs and values. The style of epic is grand宏伟的, formal正式的, complex and serious. e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.2. sonnet 十四行诗an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.3. A heroic couplet 英雄偶句诗A pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter. The form was introduced into English by Chaucer, and widely used subsequently, reaching a height of popularity and sophistication in the works of Dryden and Pope.4. Neoclassicism（in English literature）新古典主义（1660~1789）tendency that a revival of interest in the old classical worksliterature modeled after the classical works;the artistic ideas order, logic, restrained emotion & accuracy;be judged in terms of its service to humanity.literary expressions (form): proportion, unity, harmony & grace5. Renaissance 文艺复兴the Renaissance may be seen as a new tradition running from Petrarch and Boccaccio in Italy to Jonson and Milton in England, embracing the work of Sidney, Spenser, and Shakespeare; it is marked by a new self-confidence in vernacular literatures, a flourishing of lyric poetry, and a revival of such classical forms as epic and pastoral literature.caused by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Latin culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation, the economic expansion and the development of printing.6. The English Romanticism 英国浪漫主义In the poem, writer not only sang the natural wonderful things, but also expressed the perpetual pleasure from momentary beauty.7. Romance 中世纪传奇A long composition, sometimes in verse and sometimes in prose, which described the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight..8. Byronic Hero 拜伦式英雄Byron introduced into English poetry a new style of character, which as often been referred to as “Byronic Hero” of “satanic spirit”--- A proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.Carrying on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society.Rising single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible(不知疲倦) energies.III. Answer the following questions.1.Please talk about the basic plot of Daniel Defoe's Robison Crusoe and itstheme. （请说一下丹尼尔笛福的鲁宾逊漂流记的基本情节和主题）Plot:It was based on the true adventures of a Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk, who had been marooned(放逐到无人岛上) on one of the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile for 5 years✹Theme :Sings the praises of labour✹Beautifies the colonialism✹Reflects the aggressive and brave image of the rising English bourgeoisie.✹Belaud（greatly praise ）the individualism.✹Affirm the power of human, esp. the force of reason(理性的力量).Look for the traditional support for the Bourgeois values(中产阶级价值观). →intersection(交叉点) point of religion and economy.2.Please talk about Geoffrey Chaucer’s contribution to English literature.•Forerunner of Humanism→ He 1. praised man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.• 2.The first realistic writer→ His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time.• 3. Father of English poetry.→heroic couplet (The heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter heaving the lines rhyming in pairs.• 4. Chaucer’s English: London dialect(the foundation for modern English language.)• 5. The first occupant of the Poets’ Corner3. The following stanza is taken from Hamlet by William Shakespeare. Rewrite them in your own words and tell briefly the main idea conveyed in these lines.To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them.MAIN IDEA:To die or to live on(living) The present life:suffering, fardels (burdens), weary, ills, calamity, (to grunt and sweat)(Dying) The after life:unknown; undiscovered, puzzle the willIt would be far better for us all to commit suicide, but that we don't because we are scared of what might happen to us in the afterlife.Rewrite: To die or live on,you can choose to live under the oppression or death in the fight to change destiny.Peoples should fight for against oppression.4. I wandered lonely as a cloud1) Please speak about the poem’s writer.William Wordsworth.2) What is its theme?The great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as reveal in the poem.3) What is the meter and rhyme of the poem?(这首诗的韵律是什么)•The poem consists of four 6-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter（四步抑扬格）with a rhyme scheme of ababcc in each stanza.。
英语专业英美文学文学汇总
Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deedsof a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）2Romance:It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学）3Heroic Couplet: the rhymedcouplet ofiambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common Englishmeter, in which each foot contains an unaccentedsyllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律foot音步5ballad:is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗）7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a character’s innermost thoughts); 2. theact of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed the trinity --- the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and otherdocuments are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groupsbecause of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays.Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)National epic:The Song of Beowulf2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain andGreen Knight3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of HumanismThe first important realistic writer“Father” of English poetryThe Canterbury Talesthe wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）,the Knight（骑士）,the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）,the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教士）,the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book of the Duchess《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》Thomas MaloryMorte d’Arthur (Death of Arthur)《亚瑟之死》William LanglandPiers the Plowman[Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron《十日谈》Ovid奥维德:《爱的艺术》《变形记》]2. The English Renaissance (16 century)Thomas MoreUtopiaChristopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛First person used blank verseDeath of Arthur 《亚瑟之死》Tamburlaine the Great «帖木儿大帝»The Jew of Malta «马尔他岛的犹太人»The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus«浮士德博士的悲剧»Hero and Leander《海洛和利安得》The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《牧羊人的恋歌》William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureV enus and Adonis《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克里斯受辱记》Four tragedies：Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥塞罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Four comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Ben Jonson本·琼森first poet- laureateafterShakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”,Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》Every Man Out of His Humor《人人扫兴》Volpone 《福尔蓬奈》the Fox《狐狸》The Alchemist《炼金术士》Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利·霍华德·萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella《爱星者和星星》Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》The Defence of Poetry《诗辩》Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞the Poet’s poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人月历》Amoretti 《爱情小诗》The FairyQueen《仙后》Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Agethe first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》The Novum Organum (The New Instrument)《新工具》The New Atlantis《新大西岛》The Essays 《散文集》(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution(17 century)John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the smartest man in Europea master of the blank verseParadise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Comus《科玛斯》a masque《假面剧》John Bunyan约翰·班扬Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner《功德无量》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》The Holy War《神圣战争》John Donne约翰·邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets《歌与短歌》Holy sonnet《圣十四行诗》Divine poem《神圣诗歌》Elegies and Satire《挽歌与讽刺诗》Meditations《冥想》/《沉思》4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century)Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德·斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton《辛格顿船长》ColonelJacque《杰克上校》Moll Flanders《茉尔·弗兰德丝》A Journal of the Plague Year《瘟疫记事》Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特One of the greatest masters of English prosea master satiristGulliver’s TravelsA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of Books《书的战争》The Drapier’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔·理查逊Pamela《帕美勒》Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady《克拉丽莎》The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·葛兰底森爵士传》Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones《汤姆˙琼斯》Don Quixote in England《唐吉诃德在英国》Pasqin《巴斯昆》The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great 《悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传》Joseph Andrews《约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历》Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德》Amelia《阿米丽亚》Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊As Lexicographer orThe Dictionary of the English Language英语词典Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Anovelist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer《屈伸求爱》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Traveler and The Deserted VillageThe Citizen of the World《世界公民》Richard BrinsleySheridan 谢里丹The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧Thomas Gray 格雷-------- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat《爱猫之死》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》The Progress of Poetry《诗的发展》The Correspondence of Thomas Gray《格雷书信集》William Blake威廉布莱克Tiger《老虎》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》Robert Burns-罗伯特彭斯--- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》5. Romanticism in England (19 century)PoetryWilliam Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude《序曲》Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫步》To the 《咏水仙》S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》《古水手谣》Kubla khan《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Oneofthemost excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》Child Har old’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》.Don Juan《唐璜》She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Address to the Irish People《告爱尔兰人书》The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy《暴政的行列》The Cenci《钦契一家》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats济慈Lamia《莱米亚》Endymion《恩底弥翁》On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》Isaabella 《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》On a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》To Autumn《秋颂》On Melancholy《忧郁颂》To a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Prose fictionWalter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Rob RoyNovelJane Austen 简·奥斯丁Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Romantic essayCharles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》Album VersesEssays of Elia《伊利亚随笔》William Hazlitt威廉·赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西6. The Victorian Age --- Critical Realism inEngland (19 century)NovelCharles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiocity Shop《老古玩店》The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Agesinclude The Miracle Play奇迹剧The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlet’s character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlet’s learning , wisdom, noble nature,limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world.Adam andEveembody Milton’s belief in thepowers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlighteners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which the leading figure was Alexander Pope.The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the inhabitants are Lilliputians,the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms.The features of the Romantic writingsa dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.2What is Renaissance?1. DefinitionThe Renaissance (14th – mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂).It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeare’s literary career and achievements？Shakespeare’s Literary Career⏹Four successive periods with increasing maturity◆1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparation●Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking power●At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece◆1594-1601, the second period Shakespeare’s work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comedies●Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.●Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It●Romeo and Juliet◆1601-1609, the third period of Shakespeare’s literary career, in which appeared Shakespeare’s great tragedies and certain cynical plays●In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and life●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies⏹Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided soul/self⏹Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousy⏹King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yetthwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful love⏹Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambition◆After 1609, the fourth period of Shakespeare’s literary career, a periodof romance-comedies●Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philosophy of life●Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is "to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature". In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and the vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides,his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His dramais an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time.(2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexitiesand implications of real life.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, andthe dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used avocabularylarger than any other English writersMany ofhis new coinage and turns of expressions havebecome every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the EnglishBible are the two great treasures of the English language.(4)Hence, Shakespeare has been universallyacknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.3Chaucer’s Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic pictures.3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual andemotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:---national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.)(2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.)(3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry.(4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.)(5) Forces of darkness—irrational, menacing—are always at work in society.The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphorsand understatements(暗含的意义) forironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Commentsa long poem1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism and Puritanism2 The Spenserian stanza: a verse form consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of 6 iambic feet with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.3 The Faerie Queene is the first national epic of England in the age of the Renaissance. It expresses the poet’s patriotic feelings of national greatness, and voices the moral ideals of the English aristocracy as embodied in the noble, virtuous and brave knight.The Image of Hamlet1. He is a humanist free from medievalprejudice and superstition. He has love for the world rather than heaven, he cherishes a firm belief in man’s power and destiny.2. He loves good and hates evil. He adore his father, loves Ophelia and greets his school-fellows with hearty welcome, while he is disgusted withhis uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer. He can easily see through people. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. He is scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.The Merchant of V eniceThe traditional themeTo praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.The modern interpretationTo regard the play as a satire of the Christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by ShylockParadise lost1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s aut hority.2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adamand Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge4. God’s angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble arepublican ParliamentThe Image of Satan1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人).The Pilgrim’s ProgressBunyan’s language1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and collo quial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance.2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.3. He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.The image of Robinson Crusoe1.One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie2. An enterprising Englishman3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.5.He is alert, vigorous and resourcefulBlake’s poems such as tiger 《老虎》and comments on Blank(1) Blake’s poems seem easy but difficult to understand for his mmysterious images andsymbols, unless versed in ( skilled at )religious knowledge.(2) Blake’s poems are full of emotionandapparentpresentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolismComments1) Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2) His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit.3) He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Comments on Burns & His Poems1. Burns was one of the most famous poetsof the peasants in the world.2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with anew spirit of romanticism.Explanation William Wordsworth poem i wandered lonely【赏析】：这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
总结 英美文学 诗人资料
Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾赛A poet’s poet“诗人的诗人”，这是因为他对诗歌技巧、音律的把握远远超过了一般的诗人。
他在《仙后》中发明了一种特殊的诗节；每节9行，押ababbcbcc的韵；前8行每行10个音节、最后1行12个音节。
这种后来以他的名字命名的所谓“斯宾塞诗节” Spenserian Stanza因为9行内要换3个重复几次的韵脚，给写诗提出了很高的要求，历来被英国诗人看作是写诗技巧的一种考验。
The Faerie Queene 仙后采取中世纪常用的讽喻传奇的形式。
以亚瑟王(Prince Authur)追求仙后格罗丽亚娜(Gloriana)为引子，仙后每年在宫中举行12天宴会，每天派一名骑士去解除灾难，亚瑟参加每个骑士的冒险事迹。
它既有人文主义者对生活的热爱，也有新柏拉图主义的神秘思想，还带有清教徒的伦理宗教观念和强烈的资产阶级爱国情绪。
的用意是歌颂伊丽莎白女王，所谓仙岛女王格罗丽亚娜其实就是伊丽莎白女王的化身。
十二位骑士各自象征一种美德，他们受女王派遣外出历险，从事惩恶除奸、维护正义的英雄事业。
这种以长篇史诗的创作来歌颂当朝统治者的遗风是继承古罗马诗人维吉尔的。
contains 12 books, speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, each of which tells a knight. Arthur—the heros of heros---plays a role in each of the 12 major adventures, serve as a unifying element. The theme is …Fierce Wares and faithful loves‟.•《牧人月历》（The Shepheardes Calendar) 作者最早的田园诗作，是仿照罗马诗人维吉尔等古代牧歌写成的。
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牧羊人的恋歌
克马洛
来吧，和我生活在一起
在这里将使我们快乐无边：
这里有俊俏秀丽的山峦，
还有风光明媚的山谷庭园。
在那边，我两坐在山岩上，
看牧羊人喂养可爱的羔羊；
在浅浅的小溪旁，
鸟儿随着潺潺流水把爱情歌唱。
在那边，我将用玫瑰编一顶花冠，
用成千上百的花束做床，
用爱神木的叶子编成长裙；
一切都献给你，绚丽与芬芳！
从羔羊身上剪下最好的羊毛，
为你做防寒的鞋衬和长袍；
用纯金为你制作鞋扣，
该是多么珍贵，多么荣耀！
常春藤和芳草做的腰带，
珊瑚带扣点缀着琥珀水晶。
假如这些享受能打动你的心，
来吧，和我生活在一起，做我的爱人!
银碟里盛满你吃的美味儿，
如同天上众神所用的一样，
丰盛的佳肴将为我两
摆在象牙制的桌面上。
牧羊少年们在每个五月的早晨，
将为你纵情舞蹈，高歌入云：
假如这些欢乐能打动你的心，
来吧，和我生活在一起，做我的爱人！。