北京市研究生英语分级考试题
北京市研究生英语统考试题
PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each )Directions: In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.2. A. To entertain himself.B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.3. A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said.B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.4. A. The car is not big enough.B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.5. A. 350,000.B. 315,000.C. 3,500,000.D. 3,150,000.6. A. He will not take the shower before the meeting.B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.7. A. He is in a bad mood.B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.8. A. He got to know it from government statistics.B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. He learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.9. A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this part you will hear two short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.10. A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.11. A. Watching them.B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.12. A. The first five months.B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.13. A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers from Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.14. A. 29,670.B. 29,617.C. 29,760.D. 29,716.15. A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the sentence and answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.(请在录音结束后把16－20题的答案抄在答题纸上)16. What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?17. Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?18. Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?19. The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known .20. Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution, the museum also serves as a place for .Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation,A. capableB. ingeniousC. innovativeD. hard-working22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.A. initiatedB. proposedC. supportedD. terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A. confirmB. emphasizeC. enhanceD. enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a human flag.A. surprisinglyB. indescribablyC. permanentlyD. uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A. informationB. intellectC. brainD. wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A. compositionB. mixtureC. elaborationD. speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based onB. PrecedingC. FollowingD. Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuatingB. increasingC. diminishingD. overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A. decisivelyB. eventuallyC. somewhatD. somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A. coming to an endB. still in the airC. soon to happenD. out of the questionSection B (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to your hero's image?A. come up withB. live up toC. catch up onD. add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that .A. come alongB. come byC. come acrossD. come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A. facilitateB. illustrateC. illuminateD. dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn offB. ward offC. trigger offD. call off35. Her excellent of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A. standardB. criterionC. evaluationD. command36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, to college is competitive.A. admirationB. approachC. admissionD. assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 for the rescue of China's first astronaut.A. touched downB. turned downC. settled downD. shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long .A. tolerateB. bearC. endureD. withhold39. The belief that it's healthy to let off steam no longer , for we are working under heavy pressure.A. holdsB. carriesC. takesD. stands40. Handbags made of leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A. systematicB. syntheticC. sympatheticD. statisticPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction."Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague f rom work was doing the same course and we beca me great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47 .However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,” advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected.”41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect49. A. up B. for C. into D. in50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevantPart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself? These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment,51. The main idea of this passage is that .A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children52. According to the passage, Italians .A. only sing songs in HollywoodB. are no longer fond of musicC. only sing and dance in villagesD. don't sing much nowadays53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .A. very excitedB. very frightenedC. very nervousD. very surprised55. By slating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo,” the author means .A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereoB. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments”― when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys―are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director o f the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitabl e consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the act or Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kiss ing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzle s and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing," he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we .A. have some mental problemsB. have lost our important thingsC. don't listen to what our friends tell us to doD. fail to remember what should be remembered58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that .A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's ageB. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, .A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyoneB. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly .A. provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory lossC. tells us about the important things we should never forgetD. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create...her brow,” Dr. Small is trying to explain h ow to use the memory tool of .A. impressing rapidlyB. minimizing stressC. connecting related thingsD. observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, .A. left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory lossD. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, MaoTse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.” Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label "the La Brea Tar Pits" of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have .A. believed in their existenceB. learned to apply them extensivelyC. found it very difficult to acquire themD. been unable to realize their importance64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their .A. different styles of leadershipB. effective exercise of leadershipC. contributions to the theory of leadershipD. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite .A. dividedB. originalC. misleadingD. sophisticated66. The author thinks that .A. many people have labored to be leadersB. leaders are beyond our understandingC. the essence of leadership has not been graspedD. the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that .A. can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB. are traps for those who want to inquireC. are located in one place foreverD. don't deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with .A. the inconsistent theories of leadershipB. the famous leaders and their theoriesC. the changes in the trend of leadershipD. the inaccurate definitions of leadershipPassage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned―and you might even be entitled to take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit,”says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $ 5,000, or your company doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years ofservice and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would have had if you'd kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, .A. he tends to forget that he has the pensionB. he has no right to ask for the pensionC. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D. he has a specified worth of pension70. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to .A. ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC. take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, .A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pensionB. he'll have half of his pension paymentsC. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a yearD. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to .A. earn less interestB. be better off than with a traditional pensionC. start investment immediatelyD. get less Social Security benefits73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.B. The Retirement Dilemma.C. Leave Early, Lose Big.D. Take the Pension with You.74. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth 27/30ths.B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits.D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severelyaffected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U. S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmfulcontent,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint” on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex. Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply.” She pointed out that, since the li brary had originally provided uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to “a collection of encyclopedias from which defendants h ave laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library patrons.”Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite eager and happy to make all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products, we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering selection and access to the Internet's huge database of electronic information. This means that even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter you were born with,”75. The passage is mainly concerned with .A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public librariesB. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmfulC. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patronsD. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers76. One of the defendant's arguments is that .A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisionsB. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minoritiesC. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than childrenD. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to face the fundamental problem of .A. giving up their freedom of speech on the InternetB. having more restricted access to electronic InformationC. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for themD. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read79. The word “uncensored” in the third paragraph probably means .A. freeB. timelyC. beneficialD. restricted80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with .A. the librariansB. the individual citizensC. the governmentD. the legal courts。
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析一、阅读理解阅读下列短文和问题，根据短文内容，从问题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。
Passage 1Laptops are common possessions among college students. However, their usage in the classroom is not always effective. A growing number of studentsare typing their notes on laptops instead of writing them down. Researchers have found that taking notes on laptops in class leads to lower academic performance compared to writing notes on paper.A recent study conducted by a psychologist at Princeton University showed that students who type their notes do worse on tests regarding the information discussed in class as compared to students who handwrite their notes. This could be explained by the fact that typing notes encouragesstudents to focus on transcribing what they hear, rather than understanding the information and writing it down in their own words. On the other hand, students who take notes on paper have to process the information and summarize it in a way that allows them to take notes quickly and efficiently.Moreover, the use of laptops in class is inherently distracting. Students can easily get sidetracked by social media sites or unrelated browsing. This leads to a decrease in focus and attention in class, which in turn can affect their academicperformance.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Typing notes on laptops in class is more efficient than writing them by hand.B. Laptops are distracting in the classroom and can lead to lower academic performance.C. Princeton University conducted a recent study on the use of laptops in class.D. The use of laptops is becoming more and more common among collegestudents.答案：B2. Why do students who type their notes often perform worse on tests?A. They are too focused on transcribing what they hear.B. They are too distracted by unrelated browsing on the internet.C. They have trouble processing information quickly and efficiently.D. They are not able to write down information in their own words.答案：A3. What is the author's opinion on the use of laptops in the classroom?A. Laptops should be banned from classrooms.B. Students should be allowed to have laptops in the classroom, but with restrictions.C. Laptops are useful tools in the classroom, as long as they are used properly.D. The use of laptops in the classroomhas no effect on academic performance.答案：B二、翻译请将以下英文翻译成中文：1. The company's HR policies need to be updated to reflect changes in the industry.2. The recruitment process is time-consuming and requires a lot of resources.答案：1. 公司的人力资源政策需要更新以反映行业的变化。
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案Beijing Municipal Research Graduate Entrance Examination (BMREE) is a standardized test designed to assess the English proficiency of graduate students applying for degree programs in Beijing. The exam consists of listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, each testing different aspects of English language skills. In this article, we will provide a sample BMREE exam paper along with the answers.Listening Section:Questions 1-3:Listen to the following conversations and choose the correct answer:1. What did the man forget to bring to the meeting?A. His notesB. His laptopC. His coffeeAnswer: A. His notes2. When is the party scheduled to start?A. 7:30 pmB. 8:00 pmC. 8:30 pmAnswer: B. 8:00 pm3. What is the woman doing this weekend?A. Studying for examsB. Going shoppingC. Visiting her parentsAnswer: C. Visiting her parentsReading Section:Questions 4-6:Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage: Climate change is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. As global temperatures rise, glaciers melt and sea levels increase, leading to more frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods. It is crucial for governments and individuals to take action to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment for future generations.4. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Global warmingB. Natural disastersC. Environmental protectionAnswer: A. Global warming5. What are some of the consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage?A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levelsB. Droughts and wildfiresC. Earthquakes and tsunamisAnswer: A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels6. What action does the passage suggest to address climate change?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing carbon emissionsC. Building more damsAnswer: B. Reducing carbon emissionsWriting Section:Question 7:Write an essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"The importance of cultural exchange programs in promoting global understanding and cooperation."Speaking Section:Practice speaking about the following topics:8. Discuss a book or movie that has had a significant impact on you.9. Describe a memorable travel experience and what you learned from it.10. Talk about an important historical event and its significance.Answers:1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A6. BThis sample BMREE exam paper provides an overview of the types of questions students can expect to encounter on the test. It is important for students to prepare thoroughly by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking in English to achieve a high score on the exam. Good luck to all the students taking the BMREE!。
北京+同等学力申硕英语考试真题
北京+同等学力申硕英语考试真题Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic QualificationsIntroductionThe Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications is a standardized test designed to assess the English language proficiency of candidates who hold a bachelor's degree in English or a related field. This exam serves as a prerequisite for admission to postgraduate programs in English language and literature at universities in Beijing, China. The exam consists of three sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. Applicants must demonstrate a high level of proficiency in all three areas to be considered for admission.Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. Candidates are required to listen to a series of recorded passages and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content of the passages. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including academic lectures, interviews, andconversations. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to comprehend spoken English at an advanced level, including understanding complex ideas and details, inferring meaning, and making logical inferences.Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the exam evaluates candidates' ability to comprehend written English texts of varying lengths and complexity. Candidates are presented with a series of passages on a variety of topics, including literature, history, science, and social issues. The passages may be excerpted from academic journals, newspapers, or literary works. Candidates are required to answer multiple-choice questions that test their understanding of the main ideas, supporting details, and inferences in the passages. They must also demonstrate their ability to analyze and evaluate the information presented in the passages.WritingThe writing section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in written English. Candidates are required to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame. The essay prompt may ask candidates to express their opinions on a current issue, analyze a literary work, ordiscuss a research topic. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize and develop their ideas coherently, support their arguments with relevant evidence, and use appropriate language and style. In addition to evaluating candidates' writing skills, this section also tests their critical thinking and analytical abilities.Preparation and TipsPreparing for the Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications requires a combination of linguistic skills, critical thinking, and test-taking strategies. To succeed in the exam, candidates should:1. Develop strong language skills by immersing themselves in English language materials, such as books, articles, and films.2. Practice listening to a variety of English accents and dialects to improve their listening comprehension skills.3. Read extensively in English to expand their vocabulary and improve their reading comprehension abilities.4. Practice writing essays on a variety of topics to hone their writing skills and analytical thinking.5. Familiarize themselves with the format and structure of the exam by taking practice tests and reviewing sample questions.ConclusionThe Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications is a rigorous and challenging test that assesses candidates' English language proficiency and academic skills. By preparing effectively and using the tips outlined in this guide, candidates can increase their chances of success on the exam and gain admission to a postgraduate program in English language and literature in Beijing. Good luck!。
北京市研究生英语统考试题2006-6
2006年6月PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1point each)1. A. He has spent many days writing his linguistic term paper.B. He spent one day working on his linguistic term paper.C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday.D. His linguistic term paper was due several days beforeyesterday.2. A. There will be many people at the party.B. The man will do his assignment before the party.C. She's not going to the party.D. The man won't be able to go to the party.3. A. He isn't serious about the expedition.B. It will cost him a lot of money.C. Other people paid for his airfare.D. It isn't fair for him to go alone.4. A. The Personnel Manager is not here.B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager.C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation.D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.5. A. In a garden. B. In an orchard.C. In a shop.D. In a kitchen.6. A. Half a month. B. One and a half months.C. Two months. D Two and a half months.7. A. Avenues run east and west.B. Streets are in the downtown area.C. Avenues run north and south.D. Streets are in the west side of New York.8. A. Pick up the man at 5:00.B. Meet her friends at the restaurant.C. Make dinner for the man.D. Do her errands after dinner.9. A. It will be ready by three o'clock today. B. It can be picked up at two o'clock tomorrow.C. It will be ready in two hours.D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10.A.2- 4 times. B. 4 - 6 times.C. 6-8 times.D. About 10 times.11. A. Dreams show people are working at night.B. Dreams help people look at daily-life situations and fears.C. Dreams can help us solve our problems.D. Dreams allow us to have different personalities.12. A. King and queen = our parents.B. Small animals = children.C. A long journey = worries about the dead.D. Crossing a river = making an important decision.Mini-talk Two13. A. 400. B. 1400. C. 4000. D. 4400.14. A. Drive in a straight-line.B. Walk along a white line.C. Pass the breath test.D. All of the above.15. A. Walking to work.B. Receiving a fine.C. Being not allowed to drive for a while.D. Paying for his insurance.Section C ( 1 point each)16. Lecture Topic: _________________________________17. Step 1:________________________________________18. Step 2:________________________________________19. Step 3:________________________________________20. Step 4:________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The girl was fortunate enough to live under the care of an involved father and a loving mother.A. sympatheticB. convictedC. concernedD. separated22. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.A. convincingB. controversialC. consistentD. contradictory23. The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.A. investB. concentrateC. plungeD. exhibit24. All the recommendations and advice will be considered in earnest before any action is taken.A. beforehandB. seriouslyC. unanimouslyD. enthusiastically25. Sometimes you have to take what is said online with a grain of salt, otherwise there would be too much news.A. completelyB. willinglyC. theoreticallyD. skeptically26. Industrialized countries are on the cutting-edge of the trend of globalization that is spreading worldwide.A. extreme frontB. effective qualityC. underlying forceD. fierce opponent27. The huge profit from patent rights forces many companies to develop new products on their own.A. secretlyB. independentlyC. jointlyD. readily28. In spite of his diminishing influence, this senior scientist has a say in some important issues.A. expandingB. piercingC. decreasingD. lasting29. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don't possess.A. geneticB. internalC. peculiarD. inborn30. The young Galileo carried on his experiments, turning a deaf ear to his father's plea.A. suspendedB. continuedC. fulfilledD. completedSection B (0.5 point each)31. Too much time has ______ since we worked on this project.A. circulatedB. elapsedC. occupiedD. detached32. The girl fresh from college finally received a job _____ she had been expecting.A. requestB. pleaC. suggestionD. offer33. However busy we are, we'll try to get back home _____ the dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year.A. in time forB. in exchange forC. in store forD. in return for34. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ______ of economic analysis.A. dimensionB. scaleC. domainD. space35. China's economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to _____after the implementation of reform and opening-up.A. pay offB. take offC. leave offD. drop off36. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not _____ it ____.A. put...upB. given...upC. taken...upD. made...up37. It is considered a crime to _____ an election of any kind by bribing voters.A. fabricateB. launchC. populateD. manipulate38. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a ______ headache for the first few days.A. splittingB. slappingC. slicingD. sprawling39. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize _____education in rural localities.A. voluntaryB. impulsiveC. instinctiveD. compulsory40. They are studying what kind of preferences might _______this surging demand for home-made TV sets.A. take a fancy toB. bring into playC. give rise toD. grow out ofPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1point each)Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 41 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 42 . It won't exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn't give you too many headaches or sleepless nights.If you are planning to 43 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there's a preparation course 44 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 45 of exam success and that the teacher is 46 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 47 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 48 by the exam.If you take an exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 49 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to 50 in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can't take the exam for you!).41. A. mind B. walk C. follow D. keep42. A. fascinating B. painless C. enjoyable D. marvelous43. A. have B. prepare C. participate D. take44. A. possible B. available C. offering D. existing45. A. management B. foundation C. expectation D. record46. A. experience B. experiencing C. experienced D. experiences47. A. how B. that C. what D. whether48. A. required B. determined C. corresponded D. accorded49. A. going B. coming C. being D. getting50. A. put B. act C. sit D. givePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage 1There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately, it's a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen."One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said "These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We're teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it's like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences."They also said "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them."Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?51. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that help people learn more about computers.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that provide special training for writers online.D. Those that provide special training for pilots.52. According to one study, most computer and online gamesA. allow the players to take part in killing actsB. teach the players to be antisocialC. make the players forget the real life resultsD. that young people like contain violence53. What does the underlined word "dismember" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. To kick somebody out.B. To cut somebody into pieces.C. To dismiss somebody.D. To stab a knife into somebody.54. Many studies have suggested that____________.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence55. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that____________.A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life56. The best title for the passage is___________.A. The Dark Side of Computer GamesB. Computer Games--Advantages and DisadvantagesC. The Development of Violent Computer GamesD. A Study on the Influence of Computer GamesPassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth's magnetic field---which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures--appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field's strength has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet's lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties.Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world's largest effort at tracking the field's shifts.A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. "We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather," said Ganthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. "I'm personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission."No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car's generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.57. According to the passage, the Earth's magnetic field has ____________.A. begun to change in the opposite directionB. been weakening in strength for a long timeC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. misguided many a man and animal58. During the transition of the Earth's magnetic field _____________. A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused as to directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger59. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth's magnetic field would ____________.A. destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB. cause some species extinctions on the EarthC. not be as disastrous as the previous oneD. cause no big trouble for man and animals60. According to the passage,_____________.A. we should not worry about the transition of the Earth's magnetic fieldB. the Earth's magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 yearsC. the Earth's magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidlyD. the transition of the Earth's magnetic field can be controlled by modem science61. The author says "...the public has no reason to panic" because_______________. A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780,000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish62. The transition of the Earth's magnetic field is possibly caused by____________.A. the flows of melted iron inside the EarthB. the periodical movement of the EarthC. the mechanical energy of the solar systemD. the force coming from outer spacePassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today's world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the roles of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it's a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren't limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate: with the actual threat," says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. "Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.""There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person," Bulliet tells WebMD. "The point is that it isn't what you do, but it's how it's covered that determines the effect." For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for A A.4 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening's newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group's power rather than an individual criminal act. "You don't have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It's an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized," says Bulliet. "The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities."Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it's the only tactic they have available to them. "They don't have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don't have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping," says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego."In psychological warfare, even one beheading (斩首) can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy," Haroun tells WebMD. "You haven't really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you've achieved a lot of demoralization."63. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A. Terrorist attacks.B. The increase of military conflicts.C. Advances in nuclear weapons.D. Prosperity of the media.64. The goal of psychological warfare is to____________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage 65. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because__________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat66. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that___________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective67: Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to _____________.A. scare the publicB. demonstrate their crueltyC. manipulate the government concernedD. show their group power68. In this passage the author___________.A. emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfareB. criticizes the violence of terrorismC. calls for an end to psychological warfareD. opposes the hostage crisisPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall's entering classes—the first since Katrina--will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions--to make their choices by May 1.Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications--about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won't release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year's record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class--l,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni (校友会) around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year's level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It's also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September "to turn away from the majority of the hurricane season," Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number a hurricane of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. "A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, 'I want to be a part of the action,'" says Stieffel, noting that Loyola's transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. "The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come," he says.69. The word "Katrina" in Para. 1 probably refers to_____________.A. a hurricaneB. an admission officialC. a universityD. a student70. It can be learned from the passage that__________.A. most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutionsB. more students are applying to multiple institutionsC. all students are required to make their institution choices by May 1D. university trustees make decisions on enrollment.71. The following statements are all true EXCEPT_________________.A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB. Xavier University fell behind its recruitment scheduleC. applicants to Xavier university fell by about half of last year's recordD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions72. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both_________.A. freezing tuitionsB. extending application deadlinesC. hosting meetingsD. increasing scholarships73. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its__________.A. new enrollment policiesB. aggressive recruitment scheduleC. academic positionD. financial situation74. The passage is mainly concerned with____________.A. the drops of the applicants of universitiesB. the dilemma of the admission officialsC. the usual rules of college admissionsD. the effects of the hurricane Passage FiveA store exposure to crime does not diminish when the store is closed. On the contrary, as night falls, criminals are on the move looking for the best crime opportunity. This period of time is, in fact, critical. Owners generally rely only on the presence of physical barriers and electronic security. But they do not seem to be able to stop a determined effort by a group of professional criminals.When closed, commercial stores can be attacked in many different ways such as:Three-minute burglary. It involves attacking a glass front door or a window at night, smashing a display case, and stealing merchandise left out of safes. This type of criminals has little concern about the alarm system: They intend to be gone before any reaction is made to the alarm signal. In the United States, this type of burglary represents nearly 75% of all the burglary events in the jewelry industry.Ramming. It means driving into a store by smashing the front windows or doors. It has also been a practice used by criminals to gain access to valuable merchandise.Safecracking. It involves attacking a safe and stealing its contents. It should not be left out as a risk for store owners, but it makes up for a very small percentage of closed store crimes. This type of crime is decreasing as a result of the high security safes and alarm systems.Robbery is not frequent during closing time, but always represents a threat to store owners. Criminals may in fact decide to take them (or family members) hostage when at home and force them back to the store.To reduce the risks for a closed store crime to occur, the following reduction strategies are recommended:Safes. Time locks on safes, which allow opening only at specified times, can be considered as an added source of protection. Making use of different safes for high value merchandise can also reduce potentially heavy losses.Exterior and interior lighting. This is essential, as it remains one of the most effective weapons against burglary, theft and armed robbery. Lights should be positioned at strategic points and exterior lights should be protected against damage.Security systems. Detection and security systems are extremely important. Another interesting device is the smoke screen system. Once activated, this system, within seconds, fills a small area with a thick but harmless smoke, thus preventing criminals from seeing and forcing them to flee.75. A store exposed to crime at day time __________.A. is less likely to be attacked with the presence of physical barriers at nightB. seems to invite a group of professional criminals at nightC. creates the best crime opportunity at nightD. is more likely to be broken into at night76. Three-minute burglars do not worry much about the alarm system because____________.A. they know how to destroy the alarm systemB. they know how to stay away from the alarm systemC. they can finish their work within a short period of timeD. they have made sure that no policeman is around at that time77. Which of the following crimes is most commonly found in the jewelry industry?A. Ramming.B. Robbery.C. Safecracking.D. Three-minute burglary.78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of reducing safecracking?A. Bigger safes.B. Alarm systems.C. High security safes.D. Time locks on safes.79. The smoke screen system is mainly used to______________.A. prevent criminals from running out of storesB. prevent criminals from opening the safesC. force the criminals to give in to the policeD. force the criminals to run out of the stores80. The passage is mainly about__________.A. a comparison of different alarm systemsB. various store crimes and strategies against themC. the relations between store locations and crime ratesD. the importance of security systems in preventing crimesPART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Whether to Pursue a Ph.D Degree". Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Do you want to pursue a Ph.D degree? 2) Why or why not?。
北京市研究生英语分级考试题-新
GENERAI ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJAN0811)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一(Paper One)包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two)包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。
二、试卷一(题号1-80)为客观评分题(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(2s minutes，20 points)Section A(1 point each)Directions：In this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．1．A．Go shopping．B．Go car racing．C．Go to work．D．Go on a trip．2．A．Because she hasn’t been on line lately．B．Because she has too much work to do．C．Because she is on a vacation．D．Because she has been busy typing．3．A．Go to an emergency exit．B．Enjoy herself in the park．C．Move her van right away．D．Try to find the road sign．4．A．A secretary．B．A salesperson．C．A tennis player．D．A receptionist．5．A．She deserves the promotion．B．She has to transfer to another job site．C．She’ll pay for the dinner this time．D．She’11 invite her parents over for a celebration．6．A．She should drop the biochemistry class．B．She should try harder．C．He prefers to learn rocket science．D．He can’t understand it either．7．A．She totally dislikes it．B．She prefers the old one．C．It may lack practical value．D．It is much better than expected．8．A．7：00．B．7：30．C．9：00．D．9：30．9．A．She was told about the trip beforehand．B．She was helped to pick up the beans．C．She was so excited that she revealed the news．D．She was not enthusiastic about the trip．Section B (1 point each)Directions：In this section you will hear two mini-talks．At the end of each talk．there will be some questions．Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer Sheet．Mini-talk One10．A．High expectations．B．Excellence and value．C．Terror and violence．D．Strength and power．11．A．Attend a sleepover．B．Play a piece of music．C．Watch TV．D．Be in a school play．12．A．Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families．B．She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method．C．Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests．D．She had low expectations of her children’s abilities．Mini-talk Twol3．A．650 million dollars．B．560 million dollars．C．40 million dollars．D．50 million dollars．14．A．Saint Paul．B．Chapel of Love．C．The Nickelodeon Universe．D．Underwater Adventures．15．A．Tasting the delicious food．B．Getting married．C．Visiting a campus．D．Seeing ocean animals．Section C (1 point each)Directions：In this section you will hear a short lecture．Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture．You will hear the recording twice．After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet．You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below．(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16．The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress _______ (3 words)．17．Good study _______ (3 words) are important to learning effectively and doing well on tests．18．If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts，replace them with ________ (2 words)．19．Everyone makes mistakes．Learning to tolerate small ________ (3 words) is a valuable skill．20．Taking care of your health can help keep your mind ________ (4 words)．PARTⅡVOCABULARY(10 minutes，10 points)Section A(0．5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined．Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A．B．C and D．Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．21．There used to be many guys who asserted themselves as all-powerful Chi Kung masters in China．A．conformed B．informed C．affirmed D．performed 22．Children from an obscure family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder．A．unknown B．prominent C．controversial D．rural23．A permanent job plus a decent salary is what most of these young guys in China hope for．A．noble B．adequate C．modest D．polite 24．These transit workers went on strike in defiance of the relevant union policy．A．in line with B．in return for C．in response to D．in spite of 25．This retired scientist takes on leadership roles with nearly every organization she is part of．A．assumes B．opposes C．pretends D．desires 26．Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with unparalleled eloquence．A．incredible B．inevitable C．unmatched D．unnoticed 27．Many parents encounter occasions when theft child doesn’t turn in their home work assignments．A．participate in B．hand in C．engage in D．invest in28．The two elements of success that are intimately connected are creativity and innovation．A．familiarly B．approximately C．loosely D．closely 29．Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to breed public sympathy．A．produce B．conceal C．evade D．combat 30．Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing e1evated 1evels of radioactivity in Japan．A．stabilized B．reduced C．increased D．saturatedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with something missing．Below each sentence four words or phrases marked A．B, C and D．Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31．The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is ________ to predict A．unlikely B．impossible C．unable D．incapable32．A simple blood test may help identify those _______ high risk of dying from heart disease．A．in B．on C．at D．for33．Although US new home sales begin to _______ speed, the rate is still near historical lows．A．turn up B．pick up C．set up D．break up34．It was already dark ________ I got up from my seat and prepared to leave my office．A．by the time B．since the time C．until the time D．during the time 35．Health care providers wish to improve their _______ through regular continuing education．A．equivalence B．competence C．relevance D．prevalence36．Auto makers should never ________ the quality of products amid fierce competition．A．bring into play B．make sense of C．1ose sight of D．end up with 37．Mayor Pat Patterson said this new initiative _______ improving parking and pedestrian access．A．involves B．evolves C．dissolves D．resolves38．Many of the foreign friends of the Chinese are ________ at the radical changes in China．A．dismayed B．amazed C．startled D．shocked39．these researchers intend to _______ this research until there is some substantial finding．A．insist on B．call on C．1ive on D．carry on40．Men and women of all ages can benefit from ________ amounts of daily physical exercise．A. considerate B．desperate C．moderate D．1iteratePART III CLOZE TEST(1 0 minutes，10 points，1 point each)Directions：There are 10 questions in this part of the test．Read the passage through．Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A．B．C．or D for each blank in the passage．Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine—scoring Answer Sheet．What relationship is regarded as good for partners? There is no universal，ideal model 41 which a relationship can be evaluated．A“good relationship”is one that works for both partners and effectively supports them in achieving their goals．If this is not working at some point，it does not 42 mean that the couple requires therapy．All relationships tend to encounter problems during 43 periods and at different stages，and many couples have a good ability 44 their difficulties without professional help. However, some may find that they are continually unhappy with their relationship．Sometimes one partner feels frustrated and misunderstood 45 his or her mate is totally unaware of the situation．If the couple are unable to resolve issues in a 46 that is acceptable to both partners，professional help should be considered. Many couples only consider therapy as a last 47 . It may, however, be helpful at any time. 48 ，seeking therapy soon after things get “stuck”prevents a 49 of frustration and disappointment. The aim of couple therapy is not only to help the couple deal appropriately with immediate problems, but also to achieve better ways of relating 50 .41．A．to B．against C．for D．at 42．A．certainly B．definitely C．necessarily D．fundamentally 43．A．fictional B．peaceful C．eventual D．stressful 44．A．of solving B．to solving C．in solving D．to solve 45．A．while B．so C．unless D．where 46．A．respect B．manner C．method D．view 47．A．resort B．creature C．meal D．beginning 48．A．On the contrary B．On one hand C．For example D．First of all 49．A．1aptop B．jetlag C．takeoff D．buildup 50．A．in detail B．in general C．in vain D．in forcePART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes，30 points，1 point each) Directions：In this part of the test, there are five short passages．Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow．Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Passage OneRemember Farid Seif ? Mr. Seif is the Houston Iranian—American businessman who mistakenly carried a Glock handgun through security, onto a plane，all the way from Houston to Indianapolis．When he got to his destination and realized his mistake，he alerted security officials. There was reportedly“nothing else" in Mr Seif's carry-on besides the weapon．Yet the security screeners at George Bush International，America’s eighth-busiest airport，missed it entirely．The scariest part of that story was that Transportation Security Administration officials told reporters that this type of incident was “not uncommon.”Now another Texas airport，Dallas-Fort Worth，is proving the point．This week, a high·level TSA source told the local NBC affiliate that ‘‘An undercover TSA agent was able to get through security at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with a handgun during testing of the enhanced-imaging body scanners.”The TSA insider who blew the whistle on the test also said that none of the TSA agents who failed to spot the gun on the scanned image were disciplined．The source said the agents continue to work the body scanners today．This is not confidence-inspiring．If TSA screeners can’t even stop guns getting through security, why are they taking away our bottled water? Incidents like this only lend incentives to TSA critics who say the whole airport security apparatus is all enormous waste of time and money．The TSA's attitude towards the reporting of these sorts of messes isn’t helpful，either．They only provided NBC with a brief statement claiming that they don’t reveal the results of secret testing for ‘‘security reasons’’and arguing that ‘‘advanced imaging technology is an effective tool to detect both metallic and nonmetallic items hidden on passengers.” That’s prettymuch the public affairs equivalent of sticking their fingers in their ears and saying ‘‘lalalalala we can’t hear you!’’It is really hard to have an accountable TSA without greater transparency about the results of secret testing．Instead of leaking hints to the press that failure rates have decreased since the last public reports，the TSA should back up its whispering with actual data．If it won’t，some enterprising congressional committee should order it. “Trust us that this works” just isn’t cutting it anymore.51．Mr．Seif’s handgun ________A．passed the check at the Houston airportB．caused big trouble for himself in HoustonC．was tracked down by officials in IndianapolisD．triggered a series of false alarms in Indianapolis52．What happened at Dallas-Fort Worth _______A．helped rebuild public confidenceB．was merely an unusual accidentC．caused greater concern over securityD．resulted in unexpected disorder53．After the Dallas—Fort Worth report，TSA _______A．reluctantly punished the relevant agentsB．allowed the relevant agents to stay in positionC．enhanced security check at relevant airportsD．began to reconsider relevant security methods54．The TSA's statement concerning the reported cases shows that they are _______ A．practical B．uncooperative C．reliable D．unpredictable55．What is the author’s demand for TSA?A．No more secret testing．B．Promising to be responsible．C．Rapid response to emergency．D．Releasing results with evidence．56. The last sentence of the passage suggest that the author’s attitude to the TSA is _______A．appreciative B．critical C．tolerant D．indifferentPassage TwoOnce upon a time，staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spend more than you earned. Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, accounts, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight，you need a hormone called leptin to work properly. It sends “I’m full”messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine．Obese people produce plenty of leptin，but the brain doesn’t seem to respond to it properly. Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive．They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing．There’s a lot of evidence for the fact that most，if not all，of us have a set point around whichour weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos，but anything beyond that is a real struggle．Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is working against you．So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods，based on the latest research，that work with your body rather than against it．Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet．The same goes for humans，according to Dr James Johnson．How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat，it may also trigger hormonal changes．Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to，but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis．Older dieters may remember something called brown fat．Unlike the undesirable white stuff；this was a dieter’s dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown—fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm-at least in mice．Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn’t find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England journal of Medicine，it's back in fashion．The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures．They then make more brown fat and their weight drops．57．The last sentence in Paragraph l means that people’s understanding of losing weight______ A．seems rather unreasonable B．is unnecessarily complicatedC．used to be limited D．can be partly justified58. According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute , ________A．overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amountB．overweight people enjoy eating more than the others doC．people will become overweight if they eat more than they needD．people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin59．The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as“_______”A．no diet at all B．diet on a daily basisC．diet every other day D．diet permanently60．The word “grinding” in the Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______A．effective B．realistic C．unreliable D．miserable61．It can be learned that brown fat ________A．converts excess energy into fatB．works better in warm temperaturesC．burns extra energy to produce heatD．accumulates easily in human bodies62．The author’s purpose in writing is to _______A．compare the various ways of cutting caloriesB．recommend new methods of losing weightC．point out the misconceptions of losing weightD．clarify the common myth about weight lossPassage ThreeA study by Dr David Lewis from The University of Sussex，who coined the term“road rage”．found that motorists face a hidden mental health impact from the stresses of driving．whilebus travel can produce long-term health benefits．For the experiment，the heart rate and EDR (Electro-Dermal Response) of 30 commuters was measured when taking similar journeys by car and bus. The findings reveal a vast difference in EDR, a form of biophysical measurement that indicates mental stress. The EDR results suggested that taking the Car produced significantly more stress than taking the bus，which was 33％less stressful“EDR can be a hidden stress—i t’s not as visible as intensely nervous driving or audible as road rage. This type of stress can have long-term physiological and emotional implications,” said Dr Lewis, who finds three key factors that increase the stresses of driving a car．Driving in heavy traffic—especially against a deadline—requires a high level of attention. This requires the brain to work especially hard processing a myriad of incoming information and making , often split-second, decisions.Congestion and delays can raise blood pressure and physical tension which may manifest itself as “road rage”, having serious long-term health consequences and causing drivers sometimes to take reckless and foolish decisions．Driving in congested traffic now outweighs any previous benefits car-driving once gave．A sense of frustration of “wasting one’s life”behind the wheel of the car, unable to do anything more productive than casual conversations or listening to the radio. On a bus it is possible to fill the time more profitably by doing some work or reading. He also notes that highly trained, professional bus drivers are skilled in negotiating the challenges of the road, and the relief of trusting someone else to be in charge of the journey is a key part of what makes taking the bus less stressful．He encourages people to get out of their cars and on to the bus for trips where it makes sense —such as shopping in town or heading to a restaurant—so that you don’t need to battle traffic or find parking．Switching simple journeys can help achieve the goal of taking a billion car journeys off the road．All it will take is everyone shifting around a trip a month．63．The finding of the study mentioned in this passage is that ________.A．cars cause more traffic accidents than busesB．driving a car is more stressful than taking a busC．high blood pressure is harmful to human healthD．car driving is accompanied by many distractions64．The term“road rage”probably refers to __________.A．the sudden heart attack that drivers suffer fromB．the explosive outbursts of anger shown by motoristsC．traffic accidents arising from bad-tempered driversD．the panic caused by traffic congestions65．All of the following are considered a source of stress during Car driving EXCEPT _______.A．heavy traffic B．traffic jamsC．unfamiliar roads D．a sense of waste of time66．One of the advantages of a bus ride is that _______.A．you can do something productive on the roadB．there is no fear of taking the wrong roadC．no passenger suffers from high blood pressureD．you can get to your destination quickly67．This passage is intended to _______.A．urge the public to stop using cars altogetherB．advise people to take a bus instead of a car when possibleC．tell people how to ward off stress while driving a carD．highlight the causes of stress in a city68．Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A．Car driving：a demanding but exciting j obB．Traffic jams：a source of diseases and conflictsC．Road rage：a frequent occurrence on the wayD．Bus travel：one third less stressful than the carPassage FourThe term “g”(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It’s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that “g” tends to run in families. But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences?However, no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence. Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes．Identical twins have exactly the same genes, while non-identical twins share about half their genes. Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment. If a particular feature is the same in identical twins, but not in non-identical twins，then chances are it’s mainly genes that are controlling that feature.So what do the twin studies show? Well，first degree relatives tend to have “g” correlation of about 0.4-0.5 (Perfect correlation is 1；correlation of 0 means that the 2 things in question are totally unrelated). Identical twins have a correlation of 0.85，while for non-identical twins it's about 0.6, which suggests that genes play a very important role，but are not the only factor，since if they were, the correlation between identical twins would be 1．Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in“g”scores as those reared together. Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a “g” correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent-child pair. So although genes don’t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence，their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably, it appears so. “g”heritability climbs gradually from 20％in babies to 40％in children，peaking at 60% in adults. Why this should be is still a matter of speculation. It’s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex, new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated. Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup, as time goes by and genetic effects that started up together during adulthood．69．Al l of the following statements about “g” are true EXCEPT _______.A．“g” is to some extent inheritedB．“g” correlates with IQC．“g” can be attributed to a single geneD．“g” is a measure of cognitive ability70．Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because _______.A．they have the same genes and live in the same environmentB．they have some genes linked to general intelligenceC．they have the same heritability of intelligenceD．they are alike in everything except for intelligence71．The studies on twins’ general intelligence show that _______.A．nothing but genes can determine “g”B．genes play an important role in “g”C．the correlation between identical twins is 1D．identical twins are more intelligent72．It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _______.A．environment plays a more important role in “g” than genesB．an adopted child can become as clever as the step-parentsC．“g” changes with the living environmentD．parenting has less effect on one’s “g” than genes73．It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A．it is easy to identify what determines our intelligenceB．genes are a more important determinant of “g” than environmentC．identical twins have exactly the same IQD．IQ depends more on environment than on genes74．It seems that heritability of intelligence _______.A．has been clearly explainedB．declines as we grow upC．increases with out ageD．remains unchanged all out lifePassage FiveI was born on the last day of February．I've always felt sorry for February, squeezed between the big months of January(named for the Roman god Janus，keeper of gateways)and March(after Mars，the god of war)．The first Roman calendar, legend has it，had 10 months and no February．Beginning at the vernal equinox(春分)with March，it ended with December．In an agricultural society, winter was of little importance，and thus went undivided．January and February were added about 700 B．C．by the second king of Rome，Numa Pompilius．He made all the months 29 or 31 days，but shortened February, the last month of the year, by giving it only 28．By the time of Julius Caesar, the calendar was three months out of sync with the solar year. This prompted Caesar to announce a new calendar in 46 B．C．Although there is some dispute--some historians say Caesar gave February 29 days--most believe his calendar preserved a 28-day February(with 29 days only in a leap year).Next，it was the church’s turn. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII decreed a new calendar in Europe. Many changes were made，but the Pope passed up yet another chance to grant February equality with the other months．It’s messy, even dangerous，changing how we measure time，but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try. The League of Nations received over 1 50 new calendar designs, and the UnitedNations has considered more proposals since, just to name a few．There’s the 30 x 11 Calendar (which supersizes December to 35 or 36 days) and the Kluznickian Calendar(which adds the month of Aten，after an Egyptian sun god)．Each proposal involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar．But I have a simpler proposal that won’t lead to chaos，and will correct the historical injustices against February：move the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with 30 days，and a respectable 3 l on leap years．This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year．As an added benefit，making the first three months of the year each 30 days would bring them into closer alignment with the lunar cycle．It’s a great idea．And unlike Julius and Augustus．I won’t even demand a month named in my honor．75．It is said that in the first Roman calendar, _______.A．all months were equally dividedB．December was the longest monthC．February was the shortest monthD．January and February were merged into one76．The 12-month calendar was first announced by_______.A．Julius CaesarB．Pope Gregory XIIIC．AugustusD．Numa Pompilius77．According to most historians，the new calendar in 46 B．C．_______.A．gave February 29 days for the first timeB．unveiled many mysteries surrounding FebruaryC．followed the tradition on FebruaryD．made February equal with other months78．It is implied in the passage that _______.A．most people today are not interested in changing the calendarB．there is no point in changing the current calendarC．people have been trying to make changes to the calendarD．it is urgent for US to make improvements to the calendar79．The author suggests in the last paragraph that his proposal _______.A．is easy to carry outB．is simpler than the othersC．Will trigger little disputeD．makes scientific sense80．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.A．emphasize that February should be extendedB．rewrite the history of February in the calendarC．explain why February should be the shortest monthD．compare various proposals to make February longer请确认是否在机读卡上涂了A卷或B卷PAPER TWO。
研究生英语考试真题
PartI Vocabulary and Structure 30%下面60题中选20题;一模一样的;10题课外1. The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelterswhich are built to ____B_ground and air attacks.A launchB withstandC contestD contend2. I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work atschool has obviously ____A_____.A paid offB taken its tollC made adifference D shown up3. The talks might ___B___for weeks before any concrete result is announced.A press onB drag onC get boggedD hold out4. We need someone really ____D____who can organize the office andmake it run smoothly.A crucialB realisticC essentialD efficient5. Once Mrs. Kirkpatrick _____B____you in conversation; you’restuck with her for at least half an hour.A submergesB engagesC occupiesD launches6. Their refusal to compromise is a major ____A___that stands inthe way of further peace talks.A obstacleB complicationC entityD hazard7. However; the new law; once passed; will ___B_____theBridlington agreement illegal by giving workers the right tojoin unions of their choice.A convertB renderC cancelD eliminate8. I will hold you personally ____D___if anything goes wrong inthis project.A destructiveB lucrativeC diverseD responsible9. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline; Jason is____A_____from the list for promotion.A eliminatedB retreatedC priedD wrenched10. The intelligence department was accused of failure to____D____the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack duringthe weekend.A instructB warnC dictateD alert11. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank; our project isfinancially____B_____.A constructiveB feasibleC favorableD stiff12. Under normal circumstances the body can ___A____thesenaturally occurring substances into vitamins.A convertB renderC deriveD originate13. This course focuses on the _____C___-of economic analysis tothe problems of inflation ;unemployment ;the balance ofpayments and enterprise behavior.A conceptionB combinationC applicationD introduction14. You can ___B____the video camera on a tripod三脚架; so thatyou don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you askquestions.A withstandB mountC implementD dwell15. The camps are not usually tent—type camps. They are mostlylong—established; ____A___ structures; often with strangeIndian names.A permanentB historicalC monotonousD raw16. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitorout of business; and ___B___ increase its market power.A thereforeB therebyC henceD further17. __A_____students should be motivated by a keen interest intheatre and should have some familiarity with plays inproduction.A ProspectiveB ResponsibleC EthnicD Realistic18. Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into thedepartmental research ___B____and; in addition; participate inthe Postgraduate Education Programme.A cooperationB endeavorC administrationD network19. As a reporter; I was paid to__A____ into other people’s lives.A pryB convertC blurtD carve20. The ball was ___A__out of his grasp by a player on the otherteam.A wrenchedB contestedC interruptedD sucked21. As he walked out of the court; he was ___B___with frustrationand rage.A applaudingB quiveringC paralyzingD limping22. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s___C____process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds;for all diseases.A efficientB stagnantC intricateD appropriate23. Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural; some were___A___out.A carvedB priedC penetratedD decorated24. The doctor __B___Billy’s operation with x—rays and specialexercises to make him stronger.A went afterB followed upC started upD took on25. People from different cultures have different ___D_____of theworld.A impressionsB complicationsC foundationsD conceptions26. Don’t let his criticism ___A___you; he belongs to the kindof people who take delight in finding fault with other’s work.A discourageB concernC dictateD paralyze27. The survey found 80 percent of viewers were ___C____by theviolent scenes in the film.A eliminatedB alertedC offendedD discouraged28. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting___A____services.A essentialB appropriateC equivalentD lucrative29. In today’s working world the roles of men and women arebecoming __D____.A dwarfedB incorporatedC correlatedD blurred30. This disease ____B__in African but has now spread to many partsof the world.A derivedB originatedC sparkledD dwelled1. “Have you any __D____plans for your future now that you’vecompleted your graduatestudies ”A committingB conductingC executingD performing2. Anyone caught ___A___an offense will be punished.A committingB conductingC executingD performing3. There is scientific evidence to support our __B____that beingsurrounded by plants is good for health.A perceptionB instinctC conceptionD implication4. The Israeli troops ____C___by launching a bombing attack onPalestinian—controlled areas.A had a crackB took a tollC took revengeD followed up5. He should ___B___what he’s good at; and not switch to somethinghe knows nothing about.A take onB stick toC go afterD live on6. To be __A____with you; I think you’re making a dreadful mistakeby refusing to cooperate.A positionsB vacanciesC categoriesD applications7. There are still some __B__for students of science andengineering; but those in arts and humanities have been filled.A positionsB vacanciesC categoriesD applications8. The plants are in an __C____plastic box; so the children canobserve how the roots grow with time.A appropriateB intricateC transparentD waterproof9. The United Nations was supposed to __D____-the role of globalpeace—keeper.A contendB nurtureC carveD undertake10. People under a lot of ____A__may experience headaches; minorpains and sleeping difficulties.A stressB exposureC enduranceD endeavor11. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City___C____shock and anger throughout the world.A summonedB temptedC provoked Denveloped12. His total worldly possessions ___A____little more than the clothes he stood up in.A amounted toB settled forC turned upD came at13. A UN official said aid programs will be __D____until there isadequate protection for relief personnel.A multipliedB spannedC arrestedD suspended14. Many social problems are caused by the uneven ___C____ofwealth.A equalityB justiceC distributionD volume15. The shopkeepers are complaining that business has been reducedto a __A____of what it was before the outbreak of war.A fractionB sectionC portionD trifle16. The number 30 on a road sign ___A___that the speed limit is30 miles an hour.A signifies Bforecasts CilluminesDcharacterizes17. Our director had ____C___on the matter for a long time beforehe made the decision.A hushedB thrashedC ponderedD suspended18. The weather wasn’t favorable and b oth teams had to ____B___icyrain and a strong wind during the match.A pin downB contend withC get stuck inD take control of19. The world is now widely used in newspapers and magazines ;butits origin still remains__C__.A exoticB widespreadC obscureD adrift20. George ___A___an agonizing 48—hour wait for the results ofthe tests.A underwentB withstoodC undertookD grilled21. The consumer __B__in recent years has led to an explosion ofshopping center development in big cities like Beijing;Shanghai and Canton.A summitB boomC pressureD volume22. The car; at least as we know it; is on the way out ;becauseits exhaust ___B___a threat to the environment.A originates Bposes CoffendsDparalyzes23. The offer of a free overseas tour ___C___him into buying thevilla on the hillside.A discouragedB committedC temptedD tangled24. Obviously; no teacher has ___A____patience .Even Larry; whois always kind and tolerant; lost his temper on that particularoccasion.A infiniteB definiteC spectacularD plural25. We must get the trapped victims out at once because the buildingis in ___D___danger of an explosion.A opaqueB vividC muteD imminent26. She tried to kick the pajamas loose; but they were ___B___inthe satin sheet.A gouged Btangled CscoopedDsubmerged27. That morning; on Mount Tai; I saw the most ___C____sunrise inmy life.A mysteriousB opaqueC spectacularD adolescent28. At night; cars often ___A__small animals that are blinded bythe headlights.A run overB held upC took apartD drove at29. After Mike left for work; I ___C___the beds and vacuumed thecarpets.A pattedB clappedC strippedD shaved30. Dr. Light; who is ____D__to be one of the best surgeons inLondon; performed the operation and successfully removed thetumor in her lungs.A confessedB thrilledC perceivedD reputedPart II Reading Comprehension 40%共4篇;其中2篇选自两本书中的4个test：每册书第4、第8课后课本上有;自己看Part III Cloze 10%老师自己选题Part V Translation 20%第4册除第3、8课后的翻译练习..6段中有一段中译英10分;一段英译中10分Unit 1攻势已经持续了三天;但是我们并没有取得多少进展..师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击..然而;要绕到敌人后方;我们必须越过一片沼泽地..我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中..我们营长决定冒一下险..所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰;我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻..这一下扭转了战局..敌人没有戒备;不久便投降了..The offensive had already lasted three days; but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so; however; we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck; the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather; we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy; caught off guard; soon surrendered.Unit2汽车自从法门以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化;永远地改变了人们的生活;旅行和办事的方式..但另一方面;也带来了危害;尤其是公路死亡事故..然而;现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用;有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故..例如;装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾气并拒绝启动引擎..同样;传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号检测路况比你更大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性..Automobiles have; since their invention; revolutionized transportation; changing forever the way people live; travel; and do business. On the other hand; they have brought hazards; especially highway fatalities. However; today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example; electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit4全球化对中国年轻人具有重大的影响..例如;年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作..而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说;英语变得越来越重要..另一方面;许多海外学子近年来回归祖国;因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景..因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系..他们跟踪最新的潮流;模仿外国的时尚..他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德;更不要说发扬光大;这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失..Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example; young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to studyabroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises; English has become increasingly important. At the same time; a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years; for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues; let alone carry them forward; which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit5就我来说;我发现外表往往是靠不住的..譬如;要是你仅凭外表去判断诸如爱德华-海德-伯顿这样的人;你就错了..外表上;伯顿像是个表里一致的人..他个很小;满头白发;有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛;文雅且坦率..然而;他原来却是十分的残忍..他侮辱和愚弄穷困潦倒的伦伲;让他去做那样的蠢事..更让人吃惊的是;他对伦伲的死全然冷漠无情..毫无疑问;他是个铁石心肠的家伙..For my own part; I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance; you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance; he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes; gentle and candid. Nevertheless; he turnedout to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt; Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Unit6当今我们处于持续的压力之下;要工作更长的时间;要生产更多;拥有更多..许多人有一种错误的认识：幸福就在于拼命地干;使劲的赚..许多妇女今天感到同样的压力;要工作;要出人头地;而与此同时;又要养育子女;承担起家庭责任的负担..研究表明;工作狂往往使我们与家人的关系疏远..它会迫使我们长时间辛苦劳作;仅留微乎其微的时间与我们的亲人呆在一起、交流感情..家庭成员间的亲密关系在此过程中注定要消亡..Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours; to produce more; and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money. Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and; at the same time; to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours; leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit7今天;在地震袭击我的家乡很久以后;我仍然能历历在目的回想起我与父母从家里逃出来时所看到的情景..马路对面的房子就在我们的眼前倒塌;瓦砾四处乱飞;呛人的尘云遮住了太阳..惊恐的人们哭叫着四处奔跑..如今那一场悲惨事件已经过去多年;旧城的废墟上已耸立起一座新城..人们在小镇广场上建起了一个纪念碑;以怀念那些灾难中的死者;看来人们心中的创伤已愈合;但对此事的记忆将不会消失..Today; long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town; I can still recall; in crystal detail; what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes; debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions; crying and screaming.Now; many years after that tragic event; a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square; a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed; but the memory will linger.。
北京市研究生英语水平考试
北京市研究生英语水平考试
北京市研究生英语水平考试通常指的是“北京市研究生英语统一考试”或全国性的“全国硕士研究生入学统一考试”（简称考研英语）中的英语科目。
1.北京市研究生英语统一考试：目前并没有专门针对北京市研究生设立的单独
英语考试，一般各高校在招收研究生时会参考考生的国家英语等级考试成绩或其他公认的语言能力测试成绩。
2.全国硕士研究生入学统一考试：这是全国范围内针对所有报考硕士研究生的
考生进行的一次选拔性考试。
其中包含英语科目，主要测试考生的英语语言运用能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译等多个方面，对于学术型硕士和专业型硕士均适用。
考研英语分为英语一和英语二两种试卷类型，英语一适用于所有学术型硕士及部分专业型硕士招生；英语二则主要面向工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计等专业学位硕士招生。
考试内容主要包括完形填空、阅读理解、新题型、翻译（英译汉）以及写作（应用文写作与短文写作）。
具体考试大纲和要求，请参照中国教育考试网或各年度发布的官方考试公告。
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北京市研究生英语分级考试题GENERAI ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJAN0811)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一(Paper One)包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two)包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。
二、试卷一(题号1-80)为客观评分题(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(2s minutes，20points) Section A(1point each)Directions：In this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．1．A．Go shopping．B．Go car racing．C．Go to work．D．Go on a trip．2．A．Because she hasn?t been on line lately．B．Because she has too much work to do．C．Because she is on a vacation．D．Because she has been busy typing．3．A．Go to an emergency exit．B．Enjoy herself in the park．C．Move her van right away．D．Try to find the road sign．4．A．A secretary．B．A salesperson．C．A tennis player．D．A receptionist．5．A．She deserves the promotion．B．She has to transfer to another job site．C．She?ll pay for the dinner this time．D．She?11invite her parents over for a celebration．6．A．She should drop the biochemistry class．B．She should try harder．C．He prefers to learn rocket science．D．He can?t understand it either．7．A．She totally dislikes it．B．She prefers the old one．C．It may lack practical value．D．It is much better than expected．8．A．7：00．B．7：30．C．9：00．D．9：30．9．A．She was told about the trip beforehand．B．She was helped to pick up the beans．C．She was so excited that she revealed the news．D．She was not enthusiastic about the trip．Section B(1point each)Directions：In this section you will hear two mini-talks．At the end of each talk．there will be some questions．Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause,you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer Sheet．Mini-talk One10．A．High expectations．B．Excellence and value．C．Terror and violence．D．Strength and power．11．A．Attend a sleepover．B．Play a piece of music．C．Watch TV．D．Be in a school play．12．A．Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families．B．She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method．C．Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests．D．She had low expectations of her children?s abilities．Mini-talk Twol3．A．650million dollars．B．560million dollars．C．40million dollars．D．50million dollars．14．A．Saint Paul．B．Chapel of Love．C．The Nickelodeon Universe．D．Underwater Adventures．15．A．Tasting the delicious food．B．Getting married．C．Visiting a campus．D．Seeing ocean animals．Section C(1point each)Directions：In this section you will hear a short lecture．Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture．You will hear the recording twice．Afterthe recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet．You now have25seconds to read the notes below．(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上) 16．The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress_______(3words)．17．Good study _______(3words)are important to learning effectively and doing well on tests．18．If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts，replace them with________(2 words)．19．Everyone makes mistakes．Learning to tolerate small________(3words)is a valuable skill．20．Taking care of your health can help keep your mind________(4 words)．PARTⅡVOCABULARY(10minutes，10points)Section A(0．5point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined．Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A．B．C and D．Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．21．There used to be many guys who asserted themselves asall-powerful Chi Kung masters in China．A．conformed B．informed C．affirmed D．performed 22．Children from an obscure family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder．A．unknown B．prominent C．controversial D．rural23．A permanent job plus a decent salary is what most of these young guys in China hope for．A．noble B．adequate C．modest D．polite24．These transit workers went on strike in defiance of the relevant union policy．A．in line with B．in return for C．in response to D．in spite of25．This retired scientist takes on leadership roles with nearly every organization she is part of．A．assumes B．opposes C．pretends D．desires26．Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with unparalleled eloquence．A．incredible B．inevitable C．unmatched D．unnoticed27．Many parents encounter occasions when theft child doesn?t turn in their home work assignments．A．participate in B．hand in C．engage in D．invest in 28．The two elements of success that are intimately connected are creativity and innovation．A．familiarly B．approximately C．loosely D．closely29．Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to breed publicsympathy．A．produce B．conceal C．evade D．combat30．Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing e1evated1evels of radioactivity in Japan．A．stabilized B．reduced C．increased D．saturatedSection B(0.5point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with something missing．Below each sentence four words or phrases marked A．B,C and D．Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet 31．The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is________to predict A．unlikely B．impossible C．unable D．incapable32．A simple blood test may help identify those_______ high risk of dying from heart disease．A．in B．on C．at D．for33．Although US new home sales begin to_______speed,the rate is still near historical lows．A．turn up B．pick up C．set up D．break up34．It was already dark________I got up from my seat andprepared to leave my office．A．by the time B．since the time C．until the time D．during the time35．Health care providers wish to improve their_______through regular continuing education．A．equivalence B．competence C．relevance D．prevalence36．Auto makers should never________the quality of products amid fierce competition．A．bring into play B．make sense of C．1ose sight of D．end up with37．Mayor Pat Patterson said this new initiative_______improving parking and pedestrian access．A．involves B．evolves C．dissolves D．resolves 38．Many of the foreign friends of the Chinese are________ at the radical changes in China．A．dismayed B．amazed C．startled D．shocked39．these researchers intend to_______this research until there is some substantial finding．A．insist on B．call on C．1ive on D．carry on40．Men and women of all ages can benefit from________ amounts of daily physical exercise．A.considerate B．desperate C．moderate D．1iterate PART III CLOZE TEST(10minutes，10points，1point each) Directions：There are10questions in this part of thetest．Read the passage through．Then,go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A．B．C．or D for each blank in the passage．Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine—scoring Answer Sheet．What relationship is regarded as good for partners?There is no universal，ideal model41which a relationship can be evaluated．A“good relationship”is one that works for both partners and effectively supports them in achieving their goals．If this is not working at some point，it does not42mean that the couple requires therapy．All relationships tend to encounter problems during43periods and at different stages，and many couples have a good ability44their difficulties without professional help. However,some may find that they are continually unhappy with their relationship．Sometimes one partner feels frustrated and misunderstood45his or her mate is totally unaware of the situation．If the couple are unable to resolve issues in a46that is acceptable to both partners，professional help should be considered.Many couples only consider therapy as a last 47.It may,however,be helpful at any time.48，seekingtherapy soon after things get“stuck”prevents a49of frustration and disappointment.The aim of couple therapy is not only to help the couple deal appropriately with immediate problems,but also to achieve better ways of relating50.41．A．to B．against C．for D．at42．A．certainly B．definitely C．necessarily D．fundamentally43．A．fictional B．peaceful C．eventual D．stressful44．A．of solving B．to solving C．in solving D．to solve45．A．while B．so C．unless D．where 46．A．respect B．manner C．method D．view47．A．resort B．creature C．meal D．beginning48．A．On the contrary B．On one hand C．For example D．First of all49．A．1aptop B．jetlag C．takeoff D．buildup50．A．in detail B．in general C．in vain D．in forcePART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45minutes，30points，1 point each)Directions：In this part of the test,there are five short passages．Read each passage carefully,and then do the questions that follow．Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Passage OneRemember Farid Seif?Mr.Seif is the Houston Iranian—American businessman who mistakenly carried a Glock handgun through security,onto a plane，all the way from Houston to Indianapolis．When he got to his destination and realized his mistake，he alerted security officials. There was reportedly“nothing else"in Mr Seif's carry-on besides the weapon．Yet the security screeners at George Bush International，America?s eighth-busiest airport，missed it entirely．The scariest part of that story was that Transportation Security Administration officials told reporters that this type of incident was“not uncommon.”Now another Texas airport，Dallas-Fort Worth，is proving the point．This week,a high·level TSA source told the local NBC affiliate that……An undercover TSA agent was able to get through security at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with a handgun during testing of the enhanced-imaging body scanners.”The TSA insider who blew the whistle on the test also said that none of the TSA agents who failed to spot the gun on the scanned image were disciplined．The source said the agents continue to work the body scanners today．This is not confidence-inspiring．If TSA screeners can?t even stop guns getting through security,why are they taking away our bottled water?Incidents like this only lend incentives to TSA critics who say the whole airport security apparatus is all enormous waste of time and money．The TSA's attitude towards the reporting of these sorts of messes isn?t helpful，either．They only provided NBC with a brief statement claiming that they don?t reveal the results of secret testing for……security reasons??and arguing that……advanced imaging technology is an effective tool to detect both metallic and nonmetallic items hidden on passengers.”That?s prettymuch the public affairs equivalent of sticking their fingers in their ears and saying……lalalalala we can?t hear you!??It is really hard to have an accountable TSA without greater transparency about the results of secret testing．Instead of leaking hints to the press that failure rates have decreased since the last public reports，the TSA should back up its whispering with actual data．If it won?t，some enterprising congressional committee shouldorder it.“Trust us that this works”just isn?t cutting it anymore.51．Mr．Seif?s handgun________A．passed the check at the Houston airportB．caused big trouble for himself in HoustonC．was tracked down by officials in Indianapolis D．triggered a series of false alarms in Indianapolis 52．What happened at Dallas-Fort Worth_______ A．helped rebuild public confidenceB．was merely an unusual accidentC．caused greater concern over securityD．resulted in unexpected disorder53．After the Dallas—Fort Worth report，TSA_______ A．reluctantly punished the relevant agentsB．allowed the relevant agents to stay in position C．enhanced security check at relevant airports D．began to reconsider relevant security methods 54．The TSA's statement concerning the reported cases shows that they are_______A．practical B．uncooperative C．reliable D．unpredictable55．What is the author?s demand for TSA?A．No more secret testing．B．Promising to be responsible．C．Rapid response to emergency．D．Releasing results with evidence．56.The last sentence of the passage suggest that the author?s attitude to the TSA is_______A．appreciative B．critical C．tolerant D．indifferent Passage TwoOnce upon a time，staying a healthy weight was easy.To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spend more than you earned.Unfortunately for many,but perhaps not surprisingly,accounts,it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight，you need a hormone called leptin to work properly.It sends“I?m full”messages from the fat cells up to the brain,where they go,among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine．Obese people produce plenty of leptin，but the brain doesn?t seem to respond to it st year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive．They were eating more to tryto get the enjoyment they were missing．There?s a lot of evidence for the fact that most，if not all，of us have a set point around whichour weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos，but anything beyond that is a real struggle．Making changes is hard,particularly if your body is working against you．So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods，based on the latest research，that work with your body rather than against it．Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next,they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet．The same goes for humans，according to Dr James Johnson．How does it work?Besides forcing the body to burn fat，it may also trigger hormonal changes．Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to，but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis．Older dieters may remember something called brown fat．Unlike the undesirable white stuff；this was a dieter?s dream.Instead of storing excess energy as fat,brown—fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm-at least in mice．Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn?t find much in humans but now,thanks to the New England journal of Medicine，it's back in fashion．The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures．They then make more brown fat and their weight drops．57．The last sentence in Paragraph l means that people?s understanding of losing weight______A．seems rather unreasonable B．is unnecessarily complicatedC．used to be limited D．can be partly justified58.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,________A．overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amountB．overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do C．people will become overweight if they eat more than they needD．people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin59．The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as“_______”A．no diet at all B．diet on a daily basisC．diet every other day D．diet permanently60．The word“grinding”in the Paragraph5is closest in meaning to_______A．effective B．realistic C．unreliable D．miserable 61．It can be learned that brown fat________ A．converts excess energy into fatB．works better in warm temperaturesC．burns extra energy to produce heatD．accumulates easily in human bodies62．The author?s purpose in writing is to_______ A．compare the various ways of cutting calories B．recommend new methods of losing weightC．point out the misconceptions of losing weight D．clarify the common myth about weight lossPassage ThreeA study by Dr David Lewis from The University of Sussex，who coined the term“road rage”．found that motorists face a hidden mental health impact from the stresses of driving．whilebus travel can produce long-term health benefits．For the experiment，the heart rate and EDR(Electro-Dermal Response)of30commuters was measured when taking similarjourneys by car and bus.The findings reveal a vast difference in EDR,a form of biophysical measurement that indicates mental stress.The EDR results suggested that taking the Car produced significantly more stress than taking the bus，which was33％less stressful“EDR can be a hidden stress—i t?s not as visible as intensely nervous driving or audible as road rage.This type of stress can have long-term physiological and emotional implications,”said Dr Lewis,who finds three key factors that increase the stresses of driving a car．Driving in heavy traffic—especially against a deadline —requires a high level of attention.This requires the brain to work especially hard processing a myriad of incoming information and making,often split-second, decisions.Congestion and delays can raise blood pressure and physical tension which may manifest itself as“road rage”, having serious long-term health consequences and causing drivers sometimes to take reckless and foolish decisions．Driving in congested traffic now outweighs any previous benefits car-driving once gave．A sense of frustration of“wasting one?s life”behind thewheel of the car,unable to do anything more productive than casual conversations or listening to the radio.On a bus it is possible to fill the time more profitably by doing some work or reading.He also notes that highly trained,professional bus drivers are skilled in negotiating the challenges of the road,and the relief of trusting someone else to be in charge of the journey is a key part of what makes taking the bus less stressful．He encourages people to get out of their cars and on to the bus for trips where it makes sense—such as shopping in town or heading to a restaurant—so that you don?t need to battle traffic or find parking．Switching simple journeys can help achieve the goal of taking a billion car journeys off the road．All it will take is everyone shifting around a trip a month．63．The finding of the study mentioned in this passage is that________.A．cars cause more traffic accidents than buses B．driving a car is more stressful than taking a bus C．high blood pressure is harmful to human healthD．car driving is accompanied by many distractions 64．The term“road rage”probably refers to__________.A．the sudden heart attack that drivers suffer from B．the explosive outbursts of anger shown by motorists C．traffic accidents arising from bad-tempered drivers D．the panic caused by traffic congestions65．All of the following are considered a source of stress during Car driving EXCEPT_______.A．heavy traffic B．traffic jamsC．unfamiliar roads D．a sense of waste of time 66．One of the advantages of a bus ride is that_______. A．you can do something productive on the roadB．there is no fear of taking the wrong roadC．no passenger suffers from high blood pressure D．you can get to your destination quickly67．This passage is intended to_______.A．urge the public to stop using cars altogether B．advise people to take a bus instead of a car when possible C．tell people how to ward off stress while driving a car D．highlight the causes of stress in a city68．Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A．Car driving：a demanding but exciting j obB．Traffic jams：a source of diseases and conflictsC．Road rage：a frequent occurrence on the wayD．Bus travel：one third less stressful than the car Passage FourThe term“g”(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It?s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that“g”tends to run in families.But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences? However,no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence.Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes．Identical twins have exactly the same genes,while non-identical twins share about half their genes.Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment.If a particular feature is the same in identical twins,but not in non-identical twins，then chances are it?s mainly genes that are controlling that feature.So what do the twin studies show?Well，first degree relatives tend to have“g”correlation of about0.4-0.5 (Perfect correlation is1；correlation of0means that the2things in question are totally unrelated).Identical twins have a correlation of0.85，while for non-identical twins it's about0.6,which suggests that genes play a very important role，but are not the only factor，since if they were,the correlation between identical twins would be1．Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in“g”scores as those reared together.Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a“g”correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent-child pair. So although genes don?t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence，their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably,it appears so.“g”heritability climbs gradually from20％in babies to40％in children，peaking at60%in adults.Why this should be is still a matter of speculation.It?s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex,new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated.Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup,as timegoes by and genetic effects that started up together during adulthood．69．Al l of the following statements about“g”are true EXCEPT_______.A．“g”is to some extent inheritedB．“g”correlates with IQC．“g”can be attributed to a single geneD．“g”is a measure of cognitive ability70．Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because_______.A．they have the same genes and live in the same environment B．they have some genes linked to general intelligence C．they have the same heritability of intelligence D．they are alike in everything except for intelligence 71．The studies on twins?general intelligence show that _______.A．nothing but genes can determine“g”B．genes play an important role in“g”C．the correlation between identical twins is1 D．identical twins are more intelligent72．It can be inferred from Paragraph5that_______. A．environment plays a more important role in“g”thangenesB．an adopted child can become as clever as the step-parents C．“g”changes with the living environment D．parenting has less effect on one?s“g”than genes 73．It can be concluded from the passage that_______. A．it is easy to identify what determines our intelligence B．genes are a more important determinant of“g”than environmentC．identical twins have exactly the same IQD．IQ depends more on environment than on genes74．It seems that heritability of intelligence_______. A．has been clearly explainedB．declines as we grow upC．increases with out ageD．remains unchanged all out lifePassage FiveI was born on the last day of February．I've always felt sorry for February,squeezed between the big months of January(named for the Roman god Janus，keeper of gateways)and March(after Mars，the god of war)．The first Roman calendar,legend has it，had10months and no February．Beginning at the vernal equinox(春分)withMarch，it ended with December．In an agricultural society, winter was of little importance，and thus went undivided．January and February were added about700B．C．by the second king of Rome，Numa Pompilius．He made all the months29 or31days，but shortened February,the last month of the year,by giving it only28．By the time of Julius Caesar,the calendar was three months out of sync with the solar year.This prompted Caesar to announce a new calendar in46B．C．Although there is some dispute--some historians say Caesar gave February29 days--most believe his calendar preserved a28-day February(with29days only in a leap year).Next，it was the church?s turn.In1582Pope Gregory XIII decreed a new calendar in Europe.Many changes were made，but the Pope passed up yet another chance to grant February equality with the other months．It?s messy,even dangerous，changing how we measure time，but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try.The League of Nations received over150new calendar designs,and the UnitedNations has considered more proposals since,just to name a few．There?s the30x11Calendar(which supersizesDecember to35or36days)and the Kluznickian Calendar(which adds the month of Aten，after an Egyptian sun god)．Each proposal involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar．But I have a simpler proposal that won?t lead to chaos，and will correct the historical injustices against February：move the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with30 days，and a respectable3l on leap years．This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year．As an added benefit，making the first three months of the year each30days would bring them into closer alignment with the lunar cycle．It?s a great idea．And unlike Julius and Augustus．I won?t even demand a month named in my honor．75．It is said that in the first Roman calendar,_______. A．all months were equally dividedB．December was the longest monthC．February was the shortest monthD．January and February were merged into one76．The12-month calendar was first announced by_______. A．Julius CaesarB．Pope Gregory XIIIC．AugustusD．Numa Pompilius77．According to most historians，the new calendar in46 B．C．_______.A．gave February29days for the first timeB．unveiled many mysteries surrounding February C．followed the tradition on FebruaryD．made February equal with other months78．It is implied in the passage that_______.A．most people today are not interested in changing the calendarB．there is no point in changing the current calendar C．people have been trying to make changes to the calendar D．it is urgent for US to make improvements to the calendar 79．The author suggests in the last paragraph that his proposal_______.A．is easy to carry outB．is simpler than the othersC．Will trigger little disputeD．makes scientific sense80．The author?s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.。