9-997_L 耐蚀钢钝化

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耐高温不锈钢牌号

耐高温不锈钢牌号耐高温不锈钢是指在高温环境下能保持不锈钢性能的钢材。

本文介绍了几种常见的耐高温不锈钢牌号，以及它们的特性和应用领域。

下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的5篇《耐高温不锈钢牌号》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

《耐高温不锈钢牌号》篇1耐高温不锈钢是指在高温环境下能保持不锈钢性能的钢材。

它们通常具有高温抗氧化性、高温耐腐蚀性和高温强度等特点。

耐高温不锈钢牌号众多，以下是几种常见的耐高温不锈钢牌号及其特性和应用领域。

1. 309L 不锈钢309L 不锈钢是一种奥氏体不锈钢，具有高温抗氧化性和高温耐腐蚀性。

它可以在温度高达 1000°C 的环境下长期使用，被广泛应用于燃煤和石油化工等领域。

2. 310S 不锈钢310S 不锈钢也是一种奥氏体不锈钢，具有高温抗氧化性和高温耐腐蚀性。

它的耐高温性能比 309L 更好，可以在温度高达 1100°C 的环境下使用。

310S 不锈钢被广泛应用于锅炉、燃烧器和化工设备等领域。

3. 316L 不锈钢316L 不锈钢是一种奥氏体不锈钢，具有高温抗氧化性和高温耐腐蚀性。

它的耐高温性能比 309L 和 310S 略差，但仍然可以在温度高达 1000°C 的环境下长期使用。

316L 不锈钢被广泛应用于食品和制药等领域。

4. 2507 不锈钢2507 不锈钢是一种超级奥氏体不锈钢，具有高温抗氧化性和高温耐腐蚀性。

它的耐高温性能比 316L 更好，可以在温度高达 1100°C 的环境下长期使用。

2507 不锈钢被广泛应用于石油和天然气等领域。

耐高温不锈钢牌号众多，选择合适的耐高温不锈钢牌号需要综合考虑实际应用环境和要求。

《耐高温不锈钢牌号》篇2耐高温不锈钢牌号通常是指能够承受高温环境且具有良好耐腐蚀性能的不锈钢材料。

以下是一些常见的耐高温不锈钢牌号：1. 309S：309S 是一种奥氏体不锈钢，具有较高的高温强度和抗氧化性，适用于高温环境下的工业应用，如锅炉、热交换器和石油化工设备等。

不锈钢管道清洗钝化操作规程

不锈钢管道酸洗钝化操作规程编号：不锈钢管道酸洗钝化操作规程1.0适用范围本标准适用于工业管道、公用管道部分的不锈钢管道酸洗与钝化工艺。

2.0主要编制依据下列文件为本标准的引用文件，若有新版本规范及标准，以其最新版本中对应条文要求为准。

2.1 SH/T3547-2011《化工设备和管道化学清洗施工及验收规范》2.2 HG/T2387-2007《工业设备化学清洗质量标准》2.3 GB8978-2002《污水综合排放的标准》2.4其他现行有关标准、规范、技术文件。

3.0工艺原理及目的3.1酸洗钝化原理：金属经氧化性介质处理后，其腐蚀速度比原来未处理前有显著下降的现象称金属的钝化。

其钝化机理主要可用薄膜理论来解释，即认为钝化是由于金属与氧化性介质作用，作用时在金属表面生成一种非常薄的、致密的、覆盖性能良好的、能牢固地附在金属表面上的钝化膜。

这层膜成独立相存在，通常是氧和金属的化合物。

它起着把金属与腐蚀介质完全隔开的作用，防止金属与腐蚀介质直接接触，从而使金属基本停止溶解。

为确保钝化处理的效果，在钝化前先对被钝化表面进行酸洗处理。

整个处理过程就称为酸洗钝化处理，简称酸洗钝化。

3.2常见的酸洗钝化液工序使用配方：（1）（3%-5% NaOH脱脂）+（5-8%硝酸+23氢氟酸）（酸洗钝化）（2）（3%-5% NaOH脱脂）+（18%i肖酸+2%氢氟酸）（酸洗钝化）（3）（1% NaO H脱脂）+ （65%-68%肖酸）（酸洗钝化）（4）（3%-5% NaOH脱脂）+斯福特3050配液（主要成分：柠檬酸）4.0酸洗钝化前准备工作4.1熟悉待酸洗钝化的管路系统流程图（P& ID）及现场，将需要酸洗钝化的管道和需要移除、待替、封堵和增加的部件进行标注。

标注过的待酸洗钝化的管路系统流程图附在《管道清洗和钝化记录》后。

在待酸洗钝化的管理系统流程图上的标注做如下规定：（1）在管道清洗和钝化过程中需要清洗和钝化的管道和开启的阀门标注绿色；（2 ）在管道清洗和钝化过程中需要关闭的阀门在管路系统流程图上标注“关闭”；（3）需要移除、待替和封堵的部件用红色标注，如：压力探头、温度探头等精密仪器。

A967不锈钢零件的化学钝化处理的技术规范

Designation:A967–01Standard Speciﬁcation forChemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts1 This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation A967;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This speciﬁcation covers several different types of chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts.It includes recommendations and precautions for descaling, cleaning,and passivation of stainless steel parts.It includes several alternative tests,with acceptance criteria,for conﬁrma-tion of effectiveness of such treatments for stainless steel parts.1.2Practices for the mechanical and chemical treatments of stainless steel surfaces are discussed more thoroughly in Practice A380.1.3Several alternative chemical treatments are deﬁned for passivation of stainless steel parts.Appendix X1gives some nonmandatory information and provides some general guide-lines regarding the selection of passivation treatment appropri-ate to particular grades of stainless steel but makes no recommendations regarding the suitability of any grade,treat-ment,and acceptance criteria for any particular application or class of applications.1.4The tests in this speciﬁcation are intended to conﬁrm the effectiveness of passivation,particularly with regard to the removal of free iron and other exogenous matter.These tests include the following practices:1.4.1Practice A—Water Immersion Test,1.4.2Practice B—High Humidity Test,1.4.3Practice C—Salt Spray Test,1.4.4Practice D—Copper Sulfate Test,1.4.5Practice E—Potassium Ferricyanide–Nitric Acid Test, and1.4.6Practice F—Free Iron Test.1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions,Sections14through18of this speciﬁca-tion:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:A380Practice for Cleaning,Descaling,and Depassivation of Stainless Steel Parts,Equipment,and Systems2B117Practice for Operating Salt Spray(Fog)Apparatus3 B254Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel42.2Federal Speciﬁcation:QQ-P-35C Passivation Treatments for Corrosion-Resistant Steels53.Terminology3.1Deﬁnition of Term Speciﬁc to This Standard—It is necessary to deﬁne which of the several commonly used deﬁnitions of the term passivation will be used in this speciﬁcation.(See Discussion.)3.1.1Discussion—Stainless steels are autopassivating in the sense that the protective passiveﬁlm is formed spontaneously on exposure to air or moisture.The presence of exogenous surface contamination,including dirt,grease,free iron from contact with steel tooling,and so forth,may interfere with the formation of the passiveﬁlm.The cleaning of these contami-nants from the stainless steel surface will facilitate the spon-taneous passivation by allowing the oxygen uniform access to the surface.The passiveﬁlm may be augmented by chemical treatments that provide an oxidizing environment for the stainless steel surface.3.1.1.1In this speciﬁcation,passivation,unless otherwise speciﬁed,is deﬁned as the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant,such as a nitric acid solution,for the purpose of the removal of free iron or other foreign matter,but which is generally not effective in removal of heat tint or oxide scale on stainless steel.In the case of stainless steels with additions of sulfur for the purpose of improved machinability, passivation may also include the removal of sulﬁdes from the surface of the metal for the purpose of maximizing corrosion resistance.3.1.1.2The formation of the protective passiveﬁlm on a stainless steel,also called passivation in a more general1This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.14on Methods of Corrosion Testing.Current edition approved Oct.10,2001.Published December2001.Originally published as A967–st previoius edition A967–99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol02.05.5Available from Superintendent of Documents,ernment Printing Office,Washington,DC20402.1Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.context,will occur spontaneously in air or other oxygen-containing environment when the stainless steel surface is free of oxide scale and exogenous matter.3.1.1.3Chemical treatments,such as sodium dichromate solutions,may facilitate the more rapid formation of the passiveﬁlm on a stainless steel surface already free of scale or foreign matter.Such treatments,also sometimes called passi-vation in common usage,are designated as post-cleaning treatments in this speciﬁcation in order to distinguish them from chemical treatments capable of removing free iron from stainless steels.3.1.1.4The chemical treatments capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself,typically called pickling,are substan-tially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation,as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The surface of stainless steel that has been pickled is free of scale,free iron,and exogenous foreign matter,and does not require a separate treatment for passiva-tion as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The passivation process deﬁned in 3.1.1.2will occur without further chemical treatment but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments deﬁned in3.1.1.3.3.1.1.5The chemical treatments capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself,typically called pickling,are substan-tially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation,as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The surface of stainless steel that has been pickled is free of scale,free iron,and exogenous foreign matter,and does not require a separate treatment for passiva-tion as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The passivation process deﬁned in 3.1.1.2will occur without further chemical treatment,but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments deﬁned in3.1.1.3.3.1.1.6Electrochemical treatments,including electropick-ling and electropolishing capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself,are substantially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation,as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The surface of stainless steel resulting from these treatments is free of scale, free iron,and exogenous foreign matter,and does not require a separate treatment for passivation as deﬁned in3.1.1.1.The passivation process deﬁned in 3.1.1.2will occur without further chemical treatment,but may be augmented and im-proved by the post-cleaning treatments deﬁned in 3.1.1.3. Statements regarding chemical treatments,unless otherwise speciﬁed,are taken to include electrochemical treatments.4.Ordering Information4.1It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify a test practice appropriate to any particular material and application. This speciﬁcation was written for the purpose of providing an alternative to United States Federal Speciﬁcation QQ-P-35C. Determination of the suitability of this speciﬁcation for that purpose is the responsibility of the purchaser.4.2Unless speciﬁed by the purchaser,the chemical treat-ment applied to the stainless steel parts shall be selected by the seller from among the listed passivation treatments.5.Materials and Preparation for Passivation Treatments 5.1The passivation treatments shall be of one or more of the following types.The effectiveness of a particular treatment for a particular grade of stainless steel in a particular application is demonstrated by meeting the speciﬁed testing requirements: 5.1.1Treatments in nitric acid,5.1.2Treatments in citric acid,5.1.3Other chemical treatments,including electrochemical treatments,5.1.4Neutralization,and5.1.5Post-cleaning treatments.5.2Materials:5.2.1The chemicals used for passivation treatments shall produce passivated surfaces that meet the requirements of one or more of the tests of this speciﬁcation.Attention shall be given to maintaining adequate volume,concentration,purity, and temperature control appropriate to the size and amount of stainless steel to be treated.5.2.2The processor shall maintain a record with regard to concentration and temperature of the passivation solution sufficient to demonstrate that the speciﬁed passivation condi-tions were maintained for each lot of stainless steel parts processed.Such records shall be available for inspection when speciﬁed in the purchase order.The processor is not required to reveal the precise composition of proprietary chemical mix-tures but shall maintain a unique identiﬁcation of the mixture that will ensure its accurate representation for subsequent use.5.2.3The processor shall be responsible for the safe dis-posal of all material generated by this process.5.3Preparation for Passivation Treatments:5.3.1The pretreatment methods and procedures used prior to the passivation treatment,including mechanical and chemi-cal methods,singly or in combination,for descaling and pickling,shall be in accordance with Practice A380.When electrochemical cleaning is required,it shall be performed in accordance with Practice B254.5.3.2The resulting pretreated surface shall be substantially free of oil,grease,rust,scale,and other foreign matter.5.3.3When theﬁnal pretreatment of a part includes pickling of the entire surface of the part,no further passivation treatment is required prior to testing of the surface unless speciﬁed by the purchaser.6.Treatments in Nitric Acid Solutions6.1Passivation Treatment:6.1.1Stainless steel parts shall be treated in one of the following aqueous solutions and maintained within the speci-ﬁed temperature range for the speciﬁed time.6.1.1.1Nitric1—The solution shall contain20to25volume percent of nitric acid and2.5+0.5weight percent of sodium dichromate.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of20 min at a temperature in the range from120to130°F(49to 54°C).6.1.1.2Nitric2—The solution shall contain20to45volume percent of nitric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of30min at a temperature in the range from70to 90°F(21to32°C).6.1.1.3Nitric3—The solution shall contain20to25volumepercent nitric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of20min at a temperature in the range from120to140°F(49 to60°C).6.1.1.4Nitric4—The solution shall contain45to55volume percent of nitric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of30min at a temperature in the range from120to 130°F(49to54°C).6.1.1.5Nitric5—Other combinations of temperature,time, and concentration of nitric acid,with or without other chemi-cals,including accelerants,inhibitors,or proprietary solutions, capable of producing parts that pass the speciﬁed test require-ments.6.2Water Rinse—Immediately after removal from the pas-sivating solution the parts shall be thoroughly rinsed,using stagnant,countercurrent,or spray washes singly or in combi-nation,with or without a separate chemical treatment for neutralization(see9.1)of the passivation media,with aﬁnal rinse being carried out using water with a maximum total solids content of200ppm.7.Treatments in Citric Acid7.1Passivation Treatment:7.1.1Stainless steel parts shall be treated in one of the following aqueous solutions and maintained within the speci-ﬁed temperature range for the speciﬁed time.7.1.1.1Citric1—The solution shall contain4to10weight percent of citric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of4min at a temperature in the range from140to 160°F(60to71°C).7.1.1.2Citric2—The solution shall contain4to10weight percent of citric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of10min at a temperature in the range from120to 140°F(49to60°C).7.1.1.3Citric3—The solution shall contain4to10weight percent of citric acid.The parts shall be immersed for a minimum of20min at a temperature in the range from70to 120°F(21to49°C).7.1.1.4Citric4—Other combinations of temperature,time, and concentration of citric acid,with or without other chemi-cals to enhance cleaning,including accelerants,inhibitors,or proprietary solutions capable of producing parts that pass the speciﬁed test requirements.7.1.1.5Citric5—Other combinations of temperature,time, and concentrations of citric acid,with or without other chemi-cals to enhance cleaning,including accelerants,inhibitors,or proprietary solutions capable of producing parts that pass the speciﬁed test requirements.Immersion bath to be controlled ata pH of1.8–2.2.7.2Water Rinse—Immediately after removal from the pas-sivating solution,the parts shall be thoroughly rinsed,using stagnant,countercurrent,or spray washes,singly or in combi-nation,with or without a separate chemical treatment for neutralization of the passivation media(see9.2),with aﬁnal rinse being carried out using water with a maximum total solids content of200ppm.8.Treatments in Other Chemical Solutions,IncludingElectrochemical Treatments8.1It is recognized that the purpose of removal of all exogenous matter from a stainless steel surface,including the removal of free iron,can be accomplished by different media, with potential for beneﬁts to be gained from use of proprietary skills and art,including proprietary passivation media.Such treatments may include externally applying an electrical po-tential on the stainless steel parts,as in the case of electropol-ishing.The suitability of such passivation treatments for use in meeting the requirements of this speciﬁcation shall be deter-mined by the capability of the processed parts meeting the speciﬁed test requirements.8.2Stainless steel parts shall be treated in a speciﬁed aqueous solution,with or without externally applied electrical potential,and maintained within a speciﬁed temperature range for a time sufficient for the processed parts to meet the speciﬁed test requirement.8.3Water Rinse—Immediately after removal from the pas-sivating solution,the parts shall be thoroughly rinsed,using stagnant,countercurrent,or spray washes,singly or in combi-nation,with or without a separate chemical treatment for neutralization of the passivation media(see9.2),with aﬁnal rinse being carried out using water with a maximum total solids content of200ppm.9.Neutralization9.1The chemical reactions of the passivating media on the surface of the stainless steel shall be stopped by rinsing of the stainless steel part,with or without a separate neutralization treatment.9.2The suitability of a neutralization procedure is deter-mined by the capability of the processed parts meeting the speciﬁed test requirements.(See Note1.)N OTE1—The selection of medium and procedures for a neutralization depends of the chemistry of the passivation and on economic consider-ations.An example of a neutralizing treatment would be immersion of the part for a minimum of30min in a solution of5%NaOH at160to180°F (71to82°C),followed by a water rinse.10.Post-Cleaning Treatments10.1Although the passiveﬁlm characteristic of stainless steel will form spontaneously in air or any other oxygen-containing environment,the processor shall,when speciﬁed, apply a chemical treatment that will accelerate the formation of the passiveﬁlm on a chemically clean stainless steel surface. An example of a medium that serves to accelerate the forma-tion of the passiveﬁlm but does not contribute to the removal of free iron from the stainless steel surface would be an aqueous solution of sodium dichromate.10.2When speciﬁed,within one hour after theﬁnal water rinse as required in6.2,7.2,or8.2,all ferritic and martensitic steel parts shall be immersed in an aqueous solution containing 4to6weight percent of sodium dichromate at a temperature in the range from140to160°F(60to71°C)for a minimum of30 min,followed by a rinse in accordance with6.2,7.2,or8.2. The parts shall then be thoroughly dried.10.3The purchaser may specify other post-cleaning treat-ments.11.Finish11.1The passivated parts shall exhibit a chemically clean surface and shall,on visual inspection,show noetching,pitting,or frosting resulting from the passivation procedures.12.Testing Agency12.1When required,the purchaser shall be permitted to perform such inspections as necessary to determine that the testing agency is capable of performing the speciﬁed test. 13.Lot,Frequency of Testing,and Selection of Test13.1Deﬁnition of Lot—A lot shall consist of one of the following,at the option of the processor:13.1.1The passivated parts of similar alloy and manufac-turing methods that are pretreated and passivated in a single day or within a time frame that will ensure consistent passiva-tion results;13.1.2The passivated parts of the same product of one size from one heat in one shipment;or13.1.3When few parts are involved,the passivated parts from an entire production run.13.2Unless a greater frequency of testing is speciﬁed on the purchase order,one test per lot shall be sufficient.13.3One or more of the following tests,when speciﬁed on the purchase order,shall be performed on each lot of stainless steel parts.Not all of the following tests are suitable for all grades of stainless steel.(See Note2.)13.3.1Practice A—Water Immersion Test,13.3.2Practice B—High Humidity Test,13.3.3Practice C—Salt Spray Test,13.3.4Practice D—Copper Sulfate Test,and13.3.5Practice E—Potassium Ferricyanide–Nitric Acid Test.N OTE2—Some of the tests may produce positive indications not associated with the presence of free iron on the stainless steel surface.An example would be application of Practice C on some lesser-alloyed martensitic or ferritic stainless steels.14.Practice A—Water Immersion Test14.1This test is used for the detection of free iron or any other anodic surface contaminants on stainless steel.14.2The sample representing the lot of passivated parts shall be alternately immersed in a non-rusting tank of distilled water for1h and allowed to dry in air for1h.This cycle shall be repeated a minimum of twelve times.14.3The tested sample shall not exhibit rust or staining attributable to the presence of free iron particles embedded in the surface.15.Practice B—High Humidity Test15.1This test is used for the detection of free iron or any other anodic surface contaminants on stainless steel.15.2The test shall be performed using a humidity cabinet capable of maintaining the speciﬁed test conditions.15.3The sample representing the lot of passivated parts shall be cleaned by immersion in acetone or methyl alcohol or by swabbing with a clean gauze saturated with acetone or methyl alcohol,and dried in an inert atmosphere or desiccated container.The cleaned and dried part shall be subjected to97 63%humidity at10065°F(3863°C)for a minimum of 24h.15.4The tested sample shall not exhibit rust or staining attributable to the presence of free iron particles imbedded in the surface.16.Practice C—Salt Spray Test16.1This test is used for the detection of free iron or any other anodic surface contaminants on stainless steel.16.2The sample representing the lot of passivated parts shall be tested by the salt spray test conducted in accordance with Practice B117for a minimum of2h using a5%salt solution.16.3The tested sample shall not exhibit rust or staining attributable to the presence of free iron particles imbedded in the surface.17.Practice D—Copper Sulfate Test17.1This test is recommended for the detection of free iron on the surface of austenitic stainless steels in the200and300 series,precipitation hardened stainless steels,and ferritic400 series stainless steels having a minimum of16%chromium. This test is not recommended for martensitic400series stainless steels or for ferritic400series stainless steels with less than16%chromium because these steels will give a positive indication irrespective of the presence or absence of anodic surface contaminants.This test shall not be applied to parts to be used in food processing.17.2The test solution is prepared by dissolving4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate(CuSO4·5H2O)in250mL of distilled water to which1mL of sulfuric acid(H2SO4,sp gr 1.84)has been added.Aqueous copper sulfate solutions more than two weeks old shall not be used for this test.17.3The test solution is swabbed on the surface of the sample representing the lot of passivated parts,applying additional solution as needed to keep the surface wet for a period of at least6min.At the end of this period,the surface shall be carefully rinsed and dried with care taken not to disturb copper deposits if present.17.4The tested sample shall not exhibit copper deposits.18.Practice E—Potassium Ferricyanide–Nitric Acid Test 18.1This test is recommended when detection of very small amounts of free iron is required.It is recommended for detection of free iron on austenitic200and300series stainless steels.This test is not recommended for detection of free iron on ferritic or martensitic400series stainless steels,because these steels will give a positive indication irrespective of the presence or absence of anodic surface contaminants.This test shall not be applied to parts to be used in food processing.18.2The test solution is prepared by adding10g of chemically pure potassium ferricyanide to500mL of distilled water,adding30mL of70%nitric acid,agitating until all of the ferricyanide is dissolved,and diluting to1000mL with distilled water.The test solution shall be mixed fresh on the day of the test.18.3The test solution is swabbed on the surface of the sample representing the lot of passivated parts.The formation of a dark blue color within30s denotes the presence of metallic iron.18.4The tested sample shall not exhibit the dark blue color indicative of free iron on thesurface.18.5When the test is negative,the surface shall be thor-oughly washed with warm water to removal all traces of the test solution.When the test is positive,the dark blue stain shall be removed with a solution of10%acetic acid and8%oxalic acid,followed by a thorough hot water rinse.19.Practice F—Free Iron Test19.1This test is used for the detection of free iron on the surface of stainless steel.It is especially useful for large parts that have been uniformly cleaned but that are inconvenient for reasons of size of equipment or ease of handling of the part to place in the environments deﬁned in Practice A(Section14)or Practice B(Section15).Unless otherwise speciﬁed by the purchaser,the number of tests and the locations of the tests shall be at the option of the processor to assure a representative testing of the part.19.2The test is performed by placing a clean cloth pad that has been thoroughly soaked with distilled or deminaralized water on the surface of the part at a part temperature of50°F (10°C)or greater for a period of not less than60minutes.The cloth shall be in contact with the steel for an area of at least20 square inches(130cm2).The pad shall be maintained wet through the test period,either by a method of retarding external evaporation,by the further addition of potable water,or by backing the pad with a sponge or similar water source.The cloth pad used shall be used for only one such test,being changed for each test so as to avoid risk of contamination.After removal of the cloth pad,the surface of the part shall be allowed to dry in air before inspection.19.3The tested part shall not exhibit rust or staining attributable to the presence of free iron particles embedded in the surface.20.Rejection and Retest20.1Any lot failing to meet the speciﬁed test requirements of the purchase order shall be rejected.A rejected lot may,at the option of the processor,be re-passivated,with or without re-pretreatment,and then be retested.The number of samples tested from a lot subject to retest shall be twice the original speciﬁed test frequency,to the limit of the number of pieces in the lot.All samples must pass the speciﬁed acceptance criterion for the speciﬁed test for the retested lot to be accepted. 21.Precision and Bias21.1No statement is made concerning either the precision or bias of Practices A,B,C,D,and E because the results state merely whether there is conformance to the criteria for success speciﬁed in the procedure.22.Certiﬁcation22.1When speciﬁed in the purchase order,a report of the practice and tests used,including the record of process condi-tions when speciﬁed in accordance with 3.1.1.2,shall be supplied to the purchaser.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)RMATION REGARDING PASSIV ATION TREATMENTSN OTE X1.1—The following information is based on a section of Federal Speciﬁcation QQ-P-35C(Oct.28,1988)identiﬁed as information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful,but is not mandatory. Minor changes have been made in the text to facilitate references to the main document and to correct technical inaccuracies.X1.1Intended Use—The passivation treatments provided by this speciﬁcation are intended to improve the corrosion resistance of parts made from stainless steels of all types.X1.1.1During processing operations such as forming,ma-chining,tumbling,and lapping,iron particles or other foreign particles may become smeared over or imbedded into the surface of stainless steel parts.These particles must be re-moved or they will appear as rust or stain spots.This condition may be prevented by chemically treating the parts to remove the iron particles or other foreign particles,and then allowing the passiveﬁlm to form on the cleaned surface,with or without chemical enhancement of the formation of this oxideﬁlm.X1.1.2This speciﬁcation is not intended for the black oxide coating of parts typically used for photographic or optical instruments.X1.2Ordering Data—Purchasers should select the pre-ferred options permitted by this speciﬁcation and include the following information in the purchase order:X1.2.1Title,number,and date of this speciﬁcation;X1.2.2Identiﬁcation of material by type and applicable product speciﬁcation;X1.2.3Test practices to be imposed(see1.4);X1.2.4Deﬁnition of lot size,if other than described in this speciﬁcation;andX1.2.5Required documentation,if other than the minimum required by this speciﬁcation.X1.3Grades of Stainless Steel—Different types of stainless steel are selected on a basis of properties required,for example, corrosion resistance and design criteria,and fabrication re-quirements.Table X1.1is a compilation that serves as a guide for the selection of passivation treatment for different grades, but is far from complete either in grades or in passivation treatments.X1.4Clean Water—Clean water is deﬁned as water con-taining a maximum total solid content of200ppm.Rinsing can be accomplished by a combination of stagnant,countercurrent or spray rinses,or both,prior toﬁnal rinse.X1.5Chemically Clean Surface—A chemically clean sur-face is deﬁned as a surface upon which water,whenapplied。

DIN_50979_中文版

当进行零件要求拉伸强度较高强度≥1000N/mm²的电镀时，必须进行试样生产（材料选择、硬化发、结合），这种方法下氢脆（去氢）延迟造成的断裂等损伤就可以避免。
零件的表面的涂层，不得有任何涂料渍迹、表面缺陷等，从而影响其防腐蚀能力，与或使涂层变得劣质或变质。
零件表面的杂质（材料表面的锈迹、油类、脂类、其他灰尘杂质等）必须在预处理的时候处理干净。
4
如果有特殊功能要求的表面，功能的使用必须得到保证时使用此封闭剂，必须保留潜在的密封面的修改可能性。备注：有时钝化导致颜色不完美的，可以通过封闭时补救。
缩写 T0 T2
表 3-封闭
意义不加封闭处理
封闭处理
3.4. 特殊要求（功能性要求的表面）在遇到形状非常复杂的零件时，特别是有些中空的复杂零件，这时盐务测试要求的最低标准和镀层的最小厚度标准不包含所有零件的电镀面。这种情况下，必须在图纸上或测试时在部分特别区用虚线标明。如果客户没有特别表明的话，一般按照 DIN EN 1403 的要求执行。
5. 基本材料按照这一标准，工艺达到一定水平时镀层基于低合金钢材质的性能将非常好。如是其他的一些铁基质（例如：浇铸或压铸材料，材料有特殊合金组成的或是有特殊功能要求的），则需要特殊的处理过程（预处理、电镀、后处理），而且有需要的话采取其他一切措施来符合很标准的要求。因此该电镀公司必须知道零件的材质、性质、生产过程以对工艺加以改进。
2. 引用的规范文件以下引用的的文件都是为了本文件应用的需要，仅有标注当时日期的文件适用于本文件，未标注日期的文件最终版（或者所有修订版）都适用本文件。 E DIN50969-1:2008-02,生产中高强度的材料，防止高强度拉伸导致氢脆——第一部分预防方法 1） DIN EN 1403,金属镀层防腐保护-电镀层-标准一般规定 DIN EN 15205,六价铬涂层耐腐蚀性的定性分析 DIN EN ISO 3497,涂料-涂层厚度测试-X 射线光谱法 DIN EN ISO 9227，人造. 零件挂镀处理…………………………………………………………………………… 7

不锈钢硝酸与柠檬酸钝化的工艺

不锈钢硝酸与柠檬酸钝化的工艺不锈钢是一种固有的抗腐蚀材料，但是当对不锈钢进行机械加工，成型或加工时，可以将游离铁引入到基材表面上。

用诸如硝酸或柠檬酸之类的氧化性酸对不锈钢进行适当的钝化处理会除去这种游离铁，并促进薄而致密的保护性氧化层的生长，从而使不锈钢的耐腐蚀性最大化。

对于不锈钢的类型和最终应用，某些钝化工艺可能会比其他钝化工艺表现更好。

就让我们杰昌电镀来说说吧，我们将比较硝酸和柠檬酸的钝化作用，这是ASTM A967和AMS 2700中指定的两种主要化学方法。

硝酸钝化硝酸钝化在比较硝酸钝化与柠檬酸钝化时，整个行业中最常用的方法是硝酸钝化。

硝酸钝化工艺是QQ-P-35中规定的原始钝化工艺，这是第一个涉及钝化的军事规范。

硝酸钝化提供了多种选项，可自定义酸的氧化电位，以适合特定等级的不锈钢。

硝酸钝化的各种方法和类型包括几种加热选项以及包括重铬酸钠的选项。

硝酸浓度越高，硝酸温度越高，钝化化学物质的氧化电位越高。

也可以将重铬酸钠添加到硝酸中，以提高镀液的氧化能力，使其更适合用于耐蚀性较低的不锈钢，例如沉淀硬化，马氏体和铁素体等级的不锈钢。

这些等级的不锈钢中的镍和铬含量较低，这使其更易于被腐蚀。

化学物质的氧化电位越高，在表面上形成钝化氧化物阻挡层的速度越快，效果越好，从而降低了腐蚀电位。

以下是根据ASTM A967进行的各种硝酸钝化方法的浓度和时间：钝化化学物的污染会导致表面的点蚀，从而产生严重腐蚀或变暗的表面。

导致点蚀的常见物质是氯化物，其来源多种多样，包括拖入酸中或在水中使用氯化物。

此外，钝化槽中的有机物堆积，例如未正确清洁的零件所产生的机加工油的引入，都可能导致不锈钢腐蚀。

因此，需要定期进行分析并维护钝化化学物质。

某些钝化方法也比其他方法更能抵抗点蚀。

用于硝酸钝化氧化电位增加的镀液也更能抵抗点蚀。

与柠檬酸相比，硝酸还具有更强的抗点腐蚀性。

柠檬酸钝化柠檬酸钝化是由Adolf Coors酿酒公司开发的，用于啤酒桶内部的钝化。

ASTM A 380-1999不锈钢钝化标准

不锈钢零件、设备和系统的清洗、除垢和钝化的标准1. 范围 (3)2. 参考文件 (4)2.1 ASTM 标准 (4)2.2 联邦标准 (4)3. 设计 (4)4. 预清洗 (4)5. 除垢 (4)5.1 概述.... . (4)5.2 化学除垢（酸洗） (4)5.2. 酸洗................. (4)5.2. 要除垢的表面在化学处理前要进行预清洗 (4)5.2.3 必须避免过度酸洗 (5)5.3 机械除垢 (5)6. 清洗 (5)6.1 概述.... .. (5)6.2 清洗方法 (6)6.2. 碱性清洗......... (6)6.2.2 乳液清洗 (6)6.2.3 溶剂清洗 (6)6.2.4 蒸汽去垢 (6)6.2.5 超声波清洗 (6)6.2.6 合成溶剂 (6)6.2.7 螯合清洗 (7)6.2.8 机械清洗 (7)6.2.9 蒸汽清洗 (7)6.2.10 水冲法 (7)6.2.11 酸洗 (7)6.3 清洗焊接处和焊缝区域 (7)6.4 最终清洗或者钝化 (7)6.5 精密清洗 (8)6.6 已安装系统的清洗 (8)7. 清洗后检测 (8)7.1 概述 (8)7.2 各种检测： (9)7.2.1 目视检测 (9)7.2.2 擦拭检测 (9)7.2.3 残留物形式 (9)7.2.4 水膜破坏试验 (9)7.2.5 检测游离铁 (9)7.2.5.1 浸水和烘干 (9)7.2.5.2 高湿度检测 (9)7.2.5.3 硫酸铜检测 (9)7.3 精密检测： (10)7.3.1 溶剂环绕检测 (10)7.3.2 黑光检测 (10)7.3.3 喷雾检测 (10)7.3.4 自由铁的铁锈检测 (10)7.3.4.1 蓝变 (10)8. 预防措施 (11)8.1 将铁感染最小化 (11)8.2 清洗和酸洗溶液的再使用 (11)8.3 冲洗用水 (11)8.4 清洗溶液和冲洗水的流通 (11)8.5 已清洗表面的保护 (12)8.6 安全 (13)8.7 使用过的溶液和水的丢弃 (13)9. 关键词 (13)附录（必要信息） (13)A1 关于不锈钢酸洗除垢的建议和预防措施（见表A1.1） (13)A2 不锈钢酸洗的建议和预防措施（见表格A2.1） (15)1.范围1.1这个标准包括了不锈钢零件、组件、设备和安装系统的清洗、除垢和钝化的所有建议和预防措施。

9镍钢类别

9镍钢类别1. 介绍9镍钢是一种特殊的不锈钢合金，其主要成分为镍和铬，通常含有9%的镍和1%的铬。

由于其高含镍量，9镍钢具有优异的耐腐蚀性、高温强度和抗氢脆性。

它广泛应用于化工、石油、船舶、核能和航空航天等领域。

2. 9镍钢的分类根据不同的合金元素组成和用途，9镍钢可以分为以下几类：2.1. 9-4-30（UNS N08330）9-4-30是一种高温合金，主要由镍、铁、铬和铝组成。

它具有良好的抗氧化性和高温强度，可在高达1000℃的温度下使用。

9-4-30常用于高温氧化环境下的炉具、管道和炉膛。

2.2. 9-5（UNS N09925）9-5是一种高强度耐腐蚀合金，主要由镍、铁、铬和钼组成。

它具有优异的耐腐蚀性和抗应力腐蚀开裂性能，可用于海水环境、酸性环境和高温高压条件下的设备制造。

2.3. 9-6（UNS N08926）9-6是一种超级耐腐蚀合金，主要由镍、铁、铬和钼组成。

它具有极高的耐腐蚀性能，能够抵抗各种酸、碱和盐溶液的侵蚀。

9-6常用于化工、石油和海洋工程领域。

2.4. 9-7（UNS N08904）9-7是一种耐腐蚀合金，主要由镍、铁、铬和钼组成。

它具有良好的耐蚀性和抗应力腐蚀开裂性能，可用于海水处理设备、化学工业设备和食品加工设备等。

3. 9镍钢的特性9镍钢具有以下特性：•良好的耐腐蚀性：9镍钢在酸性、碱性和盐溶液中都具有优异的耐蚀性，能够抵抗大部分腐蚀介质的侵蚀。

•高温强度：由于其合金元素的特殊组成，9镍钢在高温环境下具有很高的强度和抗变形能力。

•抗氢脆性：9镍钢在高温高压水蒸气环境下具有良好的抗氢脆性，适用于核电站和化工厂等领域。

•易加工性：9镍钢具有良好的可锻造性、可焊性和可加工性，能够满足各种复杂结构的制造需求。

4. 9镍钢的应用领域由于其优异的性能，9镍钢被广泛应用于以下领域：4.1. 化工工业9镍钢在化工工业中用于制造耐腐蚀的反应器、储罐、换热器和管道。

它能够抵抗各种腐蚀介质的侵蚀，确保化工设备的安全运行。

AMS 2700

航空材料规范AMS 2700 E出版修订替换 AMS 2700DAMS-QQ-P-35QQ-P-35耐蚀钢的钝化理由AMS2700E的发行是为了合并截止2011年6月14日经过AMS B委员会批准的所有的更改，这些更改本来计划要加入AMS2700D中去的，但由于疏忽遗漏了。

所有更改均列在节。

1.范围目的本规范包含的操作要求是用以规范从耐蚀钢零件表面去除游离铁或其它少量贵金属污染物。

应用在本规范中详述的操作的典型应用是溶解位于耐蚀钢表面的杂质金属元素，以提高钢的耐蚀性，但并不仅仅限于此类应用。

分类方法本规范包含的钝化方法如下：方法1 -硝酸钝化方法2 -柠檬酸钝化应使用方法1，除非方法2得到工程认可。

类型：使用方法1，可以选用以下类型：1型添加重铬酸钠的低温硝酸溶液2型添加重铬酸钠的中温硝酸溶液3型添加重铬酸钠的高温硝酸溶液4型对于易切削钢，40％硝酸溶液5型对于高碳马氏体钢，阳极化6型低温硝酸溶液7型中温硝酸溶液8型中温高浓度硝酸溶液当没有指定类型时，操作者可以使用下列任何一个满足此处要求的类型。

级别钝化检验的级别如下：1级以下类型的零件应该依据章节的要求进行测试。

在采购文件中没有确定检验频率的紧固件，包括螺母、螺栓、垫圈、铆钉和相关部件。

图纸上标有AN、MS、NAS或类似标识的且没有规定检验频率的标准件。

采购方指定要求进行测试的。

2级腐蚀试验的频率是每一批抽取一个零件。

3级按试验周期进行试验。

级引用AMS-QQ-P-35或QQ-P-35的零件，按照节要求进行接收检验。

当没有指定级别且没有采用（1级）和（4级）时，将采用2级。

安全-危险材料虽然在本规范中描述或引用的材料、方法、应用和操作可能涉及到了危险材料的使用，但本规范没有指出使用过程中可能发生的危险。

使用者对确保熟悉安全生产和正确使用危险材料负有全责，并且采取必要的预防措施以确保所有相关人员的健康安全。

2.适用文件版次在采购单日期生效的文件构成本规范的一部分。

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Rev. LSPECIFICATION 9-997Page 1 of 8 Amphenol Corporation FSCM NO. 77820 Sidney, New YorkU“SEE WARNING NOTE”TITLEFINISHDESCRIPTIONPASSIVATING OF STAINLESS ANDCORROSION RESISTANT TYPE STEELRevisionsREV. LETTER ISSUE NUMBER ORIGINATOR DATE APPROVALL B3114 P. FRISCH 2-8-12Document Origination (Amphenol)APPROVALS: SIGNATURESPREPARED BY: Mark BarnesENGINEER IN CHARGE: Alan DavisDESIGN MANAGER: Alan DavisDESIGN ACTIVITY GROUP: Plating / Sept. 2005DATE: September 13, 2005Eng’r Form: SC-933 Revised 10/8/109-997 Rev. LAMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 2 of 81.0SCOPE:1.1 This specification pertains to the passivating of stainless and corrosion resistant steels to promotecorrosion protection by removing surface contamination.2.0APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:The following specifications of the latest issue in effect on date of issuance forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein:2.1 Federal Specification(s):MIL-STD-171 Finishing of Metal and Wood Surfaces2.2American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards:ASTM B254 Standard Practice for Preparation of an Electroplating onStainless SteelASTM A380 Practice for Cleaning and Descaling Stainless Steel Parts,Equipment and SystemsASTM A967 Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts,Standard Specification2.3Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):SAE AMS 2700 Passivation of Corrosion Resistant Steels2.4Amphenol Corporation:9-4590 Electropolishing 300 Series Stainless Steel, Procedure for3.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:3.1 Pre-Treatment of Parts:3.1.1 Parts shall be thoroughly cleaned of oil, grease, and dirt as well as any forming, drawing, cuttingand grinding compounds using suitable thinners, degreasers, solvents or cleaners.3.1.2 If, after cleaning, parts show evidence of rusting or heat treat scale, they shall be further cleanedwith permanganate solutions, inorganic acids, or mechanical means to remove scale and rust.The discoloration caused by hardening treatment on 17-4 PH, 17-7 PH and 400 series alloys shall be removed by mechanical means or with potassium permanganate-sodium hydroxide solution.Acid cleaning of these alloys shall be avoided due to hydrogen embrittlement problems.AMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 3 of 83.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: (continued)3.2 Processing Solutions:3.2.1 Solution Type Nitric 1 (SAE AMS 2700 Type 2):Nitric Acid (Commercial Grade) 20-25 % B.V.Sodium Dichromate (Commercial Grade) 2-3% B.W.Distilled or Deionized Water BalanceTemperature 120°-130° FTime 20-30 minutes3.2.2 Solution Type Nitric 2 (SAE AMS 2700 Type 6):Nitric Acid (Commercial Grade) 25-45% B.V.Distilled or Deionized Water BalanceTemperature 70°-90° FTime 30-45 minutes3.2.3 Solution Type Nitric 3 (SAE AMS 2700 Type 7):Nitric Acid (Commercial Grade) 20-25% B.V.Distilled or Deionized Water BalanceTemperature 120°-150° FTime 20-30 Minutes3.2.4 Solution Type Nitric 4 (SAE AMS 2700 Type 8):Nitric Acid (Commercial Grade) 45-55% B.V.Distilled or Deionized Water BalanceTemperature 120°-130° FTime 30-40 Minutes3.3 Passivation Treatment:3.3.1 Anodically clean parts in a caustic based (etch type) cleaner for 15-20 minutes at 3-6 volts.3.3.2 Rinse thoroughly in cold running water.3.3.3 Immerse parts in one of the Processing Solutions listed in paragraph 3.2. The following listing isprovided as a guide for choosing the type of solution to use for a particular alloy:(See also Reference Table 1 in Appendix.)AMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 4 of 83.0TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: (continued)3.3.3 (continued)Solution Type Nitric 1: (SAE AMS 2700 Type 2)•All precipitation hardened steels (17-4 PH, 17-7 PH).•Most high chromium/high carbon 400 series (440) (not S44600 (446) perTable 1).•Most straight chromium 400 series (not S43000 (430) per Table 1).•Free machine 300 series steels (not Austenitic steels).Solution Type Nitric 2: (SAE AMS 2700 Type 6)•All 200 series Austenitic steels.•All 300 series Austenitic steels D33.Solution Type Nitric 3: (SAE AMS 2700 Type 7)•Most ferritic steels (not 405, 409 or 420 per Table 1).•Most Austenitic steels (not 304H, 316H, 321H or 347H per Table 1).NOTE: Nitric 3 only needs to be used for 430 or 446 steels. Others are covered by Nitric1, 2 or 4.Solution Type Nitric 4: (SAE AMS 2700 Type 8)•All precipitation hardened steels (17-4 PH & 17-7 PH).•Most high chromium/high carbon 400 series (440).•Most straight chromium 400 series.NOTE: Electropolishing is an acceptable passivation alternative for some 300 series steels per Amphenol specification 9-4590.The parts shall be completely immersed in the solution to avoid severe etching which wouldotherwise occur above the liquid line. Care must also be taken to avoid excessive immersion time that may damage parts. For guidance on specific alloys, contact the Amphenol Engineering.Parts containing blind holes should be held under vacuum to remove entrapped air.3.3.4 Rinse parts immediately after removal from the passivating solution in clean cold running water.3.3.5 When specified and immediately after rinsing, all 400 series stainless steel parts shall beimmersed in an aqueous solution containing 4-6% by weight of technical grade sodiumdichromate operated at 140°-160°F (60°-71° C) for 30 minutes.3.3.6 Rinse thoroughly in running cold water. Parts containing blind holes shall be rinsed undervacuum until water is clear and then vacuum rinsed in clean isopropyl alcohol.AMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 5 of 83.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: (continued)3.3.7 Soaking parts in the cleaner solution specified in Paragraph 3.3.1 can be used to eliminatestaining that may occur after passivating. Rinse per 3.3.6.3.3.8 Dry by suitable means.3.4 Powdered Metal Parts: Test only per Paragraph4.2 to insure passivity.4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:4.1 Appearance:The passivated parts shall exhibit a chemically clean surface and shall show no etching, pitting, frosting resulting from passivation procedures.4.2 Lot Size and Frequency of Testing:4.2.1 Lot Size: The passivated parts of similar alloy and manufacturing methods that are pretreated andpassivated in a single day or within a time frame that will ensure consistent passivation results.The test for passivation specified in 4.3 shall be performed on a sample from each lot of stainless steel parts.4.3 Test for Passivation: The copper solution specified below shall be swabbed on surface of thesample representing the passivated parts, applying additional solution as needed to keep thesurface set for a period of six minutes. At the end of this period, the surface of the samples shall be carefully washed, rinsed, and dried so as not to disturb as immersion copper. If no copper has plated out on the surface of the steel, the parts shall be considered acceptable. This test is notapplicable to 400 series stainless steels.Copper Sulfate Solution:Copper Sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O) 4 gramsSulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 1-1.5 ml.Distilled Water 250 ml.Temperature AmbientShelf life - Mandatory Two weeks4.4 Rejection and Retest:Any lot failing to meet the requirements specified herein shall be rejected. A rejected lot may be resubmitted for inspection provided the defective parts have been repassivated and retested,using a sample size that is twice the original sample size.AMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 6 of 85.0 NOTES:5.1 Approval:No part shall be treated in accordance with this specification until the baths and methods ofprocessing have been approved by Amphenol Engineering Department and after approval nochange shall be made in processes without further approval.6.0 SAFETY:6.1 Warning Notes:6.1.1 This process uses hazardous materials. Degreasing solvents can be harmful. Acetone and alcoholare flammable - keep away from all sources of ignition. Avoid skin and eye contact with solvents and processing solutions - wear protective clothing. Avoid breathing fumes. If skin or eyecontact occurs, flush with large amounts of water and seek medical attention. If breathing isaffected, remove person to fresh air and seek medical attention.6.1.2 This specification contains hazardous materials. Proper protective eye shields, gloves and apronsshall be worn during all handling and use. All processing solutions listed in Paragraph 3.0 shall be properly vented and all operators and handlers shall avoid breathing fumes. All accidentalspills on person or clothing shall be reported to First Aid immediately after washing with clean fresh water.AMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 7 of 8APPENDIXREFERENCE TABLE 1Derived from “TABLE 4 – RECOMMENDED PASSIVATION SOLUTIONS” from AMS 2700E 9-997 Nitric 1 Nitric 2 Nitric 3 Nitric 4 SAE AMS 2700 Type 2 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 AlloyAUSTENITICS20100 (201) X X XS20200 (202) X X XS21800 (Nitronic 60®) X X XS21900 (Nitronic 40®) X X XS30100 (301) X X XS30200 (302) X X XS30400 (304) X X XS30403 (304L) X X XS30409 (304H) X X XS30430 (302HQ) X X XS30451 (304N) X X XS30500 (305) X X XS30800 (308) X X XS30900 (309) X X XS30908 (309S) X X XS30940 (309Cb) X X XS3100 (310) X X XS31008 (310S) X X XS31100 (311) X X XS31400 (314) X X XS31500 (315) X X XS31600 (316) X X XS31603 (316L) X X XS31609 (316H) X X XS32100 (321) X X XS32109 (321H) X X XS32900 (329) X X XS34700 (347) X X XS34709 (347H) X X X FERRITICS40500 (405) X XS40900 (409) X XS42900 (429) X X XS43000 (430) X XS43400 (434) X XS43600 (436) X XS44200 (442) X XS44600 (446) X XS44625 (XM-27) X XAMPHENOL CORPORATION FSCM NO. 77820Sidney, NY 13838Page 8 of 8APPENDIXREFERENCE TABLE 1(continued)9-997 Nitric 1 Nitric 2 Nitric 3 Nitric 4 SAE AMS 2700 Type 2 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 AlloyFREE MACHININGS30300 (303) XS30310 (303X) XS30323 (303Se) XS30330 (303Cu) XS30345 (303MA) XS30360 (303Pb) XS4720 (347S) XS34723 (347Se) XS43020 (430F) XS43023 (430FSe) XS44020 (440F) XS44023 (440FSe) XMARTENSITICS40300 (403) X XS41000 (410) X XS41400 (414) X XS41600 (416) XS41623 (416Se) XS41800 (Greek Ascoloy) X XS42000 (420) XS43100 (431) X XS44002 (440A) X XS44003 (440B) X XS44004 (440C) X X PRECIPITATIONHARDENINGK66286 (A286) X XS13800 (13-8Mo) X XS15500 (15-5) X XA15700 (15-7Mo) X XS17400 (17-4) X XS17700 (17-7) X XS35000 (AM350) X XS35500 (AM355) X XS36200 (Almar 362) X X。