英语写作复习笔记
考研英语写作笔记
First, you loveEnglish andIthink interest is the best teacher. then, if you learnedEnglish as your main course, you would become anEnglish teacher who can help so many Chinese to realize their dreams。at last, possibly, you could go abroad to teach foreigners how to study Chinese, as is a fantastic idea.
Dear XXX,howare you getting along these days? I miss you very much.
Dear XXX, your letter came into my hand yesterday.
写作目的与公务书信一致
3、第二段：和公务书信一致
4、第三段：So it is the very moment for me to do+文章目的+问候语
So you could consider my suggestion carefully, and make a prudent determination to have a bright future.
英语作文抄写笔记模板
英语作文抄写笔记模板英文回答：Note-Taking Template for English Writing。
1. Topic: Identify the main topic or theme of the passage.2. Key Points: Highlight the main ideas and supporting details. Use abbreviations, symbols, or keywords to condense information.3. Evidence: Note down specific quotations, examples,or data that support the key points.4. Organization: Outline the structure of the passage, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.5. Themes and Patterns: Identify any recurring themes, motifs, or patterns within the passage.6. Literary Devices: Note any literary devices used, such as metaphors, similes, or foreshadowing.7. Personal Reflections: Write down any personal thoughts, insights, or questions that arise while reading.8. Note Format: Use a clear and consistent note-taking format to aid organization and comprehension.Examples:Topic: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health。
(完整)英语写作复习笔记
1．修辞手法1.Simile 明喻Eg. O my love's like a red,red rose.That man can not be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel 黄鳝She likes an apple in her eyes.2.Metaphor暗喻Eg. The picture of those poor people's lives was carved so sharply in his heart that he could never forget it.There was a medieval magnificence about the big dining hall.The street faded into a country road with straggling houses by it.There was a few lordly poplars before the house.All his former joy was drowned in the embarrassment and confusion he was feeling at the moment.Independent would not be a trial seperation,but would be a painful divorce.3.Personification 拟人Eg . Youth is hot and bold,age is weak and cold.The match will soon be over and defeat is staring us in the face.The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuously tossing抛their boat.4.Metonymy 借喻转喻不直接说明而是以另外一个与之相关的事物来说明Sword and cross in hand,the European conquerors fell upon the Americas.When the war was over,he lay down the sword and took up the pen.弃武从文His purse钱包would not allow him that luxuryThe kettle boils 水开了The room sat slient. 全屋人安静的坐着。
整理笔记的英文作文
整理笔记的英文作文英文：When it comes to organizing notes, I have found that there are a few key strategies that work well for me.First and foremost, I always try to take notes in a consistent format. This means using the same headings,bullet points, and indentation for each set of notes. By doing this, I am able to quickly scan through my notes and find the information I need.Another strategy that has been helpful for me is color-coding. I use different colors to highlight key points, definitions, and examples. This helps me to quicklyidentify the most important information in my notes.In addition to taking consistent notes and color-coding, I also try to review my notes regularly. This can be doneby creating flashcards, summarizing my notes in a separatedocument, or simply reading through them before a test or presentation.Overall, I have found that these strategies have helped me to stay organized and retain information more effectively.中文：当谈到整理笔记时，我发现有一些关键策略对我很有效。
英语的平行世界中级写作笔记
英语的平行世界中级写作笔记In the parallel world of English writing, there areseveral key points to keep in mind when crafting your piece.First and foremost, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic you are writing about. Make sureto do thorough research and gather all necessaryinformation before you begin writing. This will help you create a well-informed and engaging piece.Secondly, pay attention to your writing style. Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas effectively.Avoid using overly complex sentences or jargon that may confuse your readers.Additionally, make sure to structure your writing in a logical and organized manner. Start with a strongintroduction that grabs the reader's attention, followed by body paragraphs that develop your main points, and end witha conclusion that ties everything together.Moreover, don't forget to edit and proofread your work before submitting it. Check for grammar and spelling errors, as well as coherence and consistency in your arguments.It's always helpful to have someone else read your work and provide feedback.Overall, the key to successful writing in the parallel world of English is to be clear, concise, and well-organized. By following these tips, you can create compelling and effective pieces that will captivate your audience.在英语写作的平行世界中，有几个关键点需要记住。
作文英语笔记
作文英语笔记英语作文是学习英语过程中非常重要的一个环节。
通过写作练习,学生不仅可以提高英语表达能力,还能培养独立思考和逻辑表达的能力。
以下是我总结的一些英语作文的学习笔记,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、英语作文的重要性。
英语作文是学习英语的重要组成部分。
通过英语写作练习,学生可以:1. 提高英语综合运用能力。
写作需要运用听、说、读、写等各方面的语言技能,可以全面提高英语水平。
2. 培养独立思考和逻辑表达能力。
在写作过程中,学生需要梳理思路,组织语言,形成自己的观点和论点,这有助于培养独立思考和逻辑表达的能力。
3. 积累英语知识和表达习惯。
通过大量的写作练习,学生可以积累更多的词汇、语法知识,并形成良好的英语表达习惯。
4. 提高语言创造力。
写作需要学生运用想象力和创造力,通过语言的运用来表达自己的想法,这有助于提高语言创造力。
因此,英语写作作为学习英语的重要组成部分,对于提高学生的综合英语能力具有重要作用。
二、英语作文的基本要素。
一篇出色的英语作文需要包含以下基本要素:1. 主题明确。
作文需要有清晰的中心思想和论点,让读者一目了然。
2. 结构合理。
作文需要有明确的开头、主体和结尾,段落之间过渡自然,层次清晰。
3. 语言准确。
作文用词准确,语法规范,句子结构通顺,表达流畅。
4. 内容充实。
作文内容丰富,论点充分,有深度和广度,能引起读者的共鸣。
5. 观点鲜明。
作文体现作者独特的视角和见解,有自己的思考和评判。
6. 逻辑性强。
作文论证严密,论点与论据紧密相关,层层递进,让人信服。
掌握这些基本要素,有助于学生写出高质量的英语作文。
三、英语作文的写作步骤。
写好一篇英语作文需要经历以下几个步骤:1. 确定主题。
根据作文要求或自己的兴趣,确定一个有意义且有深度的主题。
2. 收集材料。
通过阅读、思考、讨论等方式,收集与主题相关的信息和素材。
3. 组织大纲。
根据主题,梳理思路,确定作文的开头、主体和结尾,并列出大纲。
4. 写作正文。
英语作文写作笔记
大作文段落分配：15=4 +（7~8）+ 4【40字+80字+40字】第一段（第一句）Describe/depict描述画面（宏观总括）The picture above gives us a vivid description of …..(two disabled people,此处不应详细描写)（第二句）just as（画面细节描述）（2）Just as we can see from the picture, …（第三句）just…go（谚语举例，可省略）（第四句）aim at图片设计的目的(点题)Obviously/Undoubtely, the picture aims at reminding (/convincing us) of……第二段(微观方面+宏观方面/个人+社会/正面论证+反面论证阐述主题的重要性或深刻含义)（第一大句）主题句（引言铺垫）…is extremely important to us, especially to…..。
The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted in terms of (从…方面)mutual help and coopration.（第二大句）第一层意思(1~2)/ （第二大句）第一层意思(1~3)正面论证As is known to us all,…..To begin with ,…（第三大句）第二层意思(1~2)/ （第三大句）第二层意思(1~3)反面论证Beside,…..（第四大句）第三层意思(1~2)/Last but not least,…..（第五大句）收尾再次强调主题词（1）As a result,…is essential to both…and…第三段（采取措施、提倡主题）(4)（第一句）Form all mentioned above,therefore,we can come to a conclusion that we should put great emphasis on…(主题)In my view ,some necessary measures must be taken to make people realize that…(主题)Therefore ,we should keep it in mind“名言”(第二句）(行动上怎么做)/（微观总结）First of all,…For one thing,..(第三句)（意识怎么做）/（宏观总结）In addition,…For another,…(第四句)(号召或预测)Only in these ways ,can we (build up a society full of harmony). Only by….,can …,and only in this way ,can…^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^小作文(致歉信)段落分配：2+3+3+1第一段（第一句）自报家门（背景）I am Li Ming. …. from…who…（第二句）写信目的（目的）Now ,I am writing ….to(目的)……for(由于)…第二段（描述事件过程）（第一句）介绍事件背景During ….., ….（第二句）介绍事件发生过程（第三句）:略表歉意I feel quite sorry for this.第三段：（解决办法）（第一句）办法一（第二句）让步，办法二第四段：（诚挚歉意）Again，please forgive me for the convenience caused you.写作范例：Dear sir.I am …and I intend to …because I learned from the newspaper that the children have been deprived of the right to…(背景目的原因) You need to make two factors into consideration when you are looking for such a candidate. on the one hand ,….on the other hand . the girl student with outstanding academic achievements will be preferred . （要求）I intend to carry out my plan as follows: for one thing …for another ,…（行动）I am looking forward to ….thank you in advance（致谢）英语句法：句前状语+前置定语（主语）+后置定语+状语（谓语）+补语+前置定语（宾语）+后置定语1）主+动The price is increasing due to ….2）主+动+宾In order to ensure good health ,we should develop good living habits Enhancing the …is ,in the long run, benefical to the stability of…3）主+动+主补(很少用)We are eager to turn our dreams into reality.4）主+动+间宾+直宾The social practice offers us multiple opportunities to apply what we have learn from books to the real practiceTraveling abroad offers us a good chance to have a better understanding of the western cultures , which is benefical to the friendship between the …and…5）主+动+宾+宾补The extensive use of internet has made our daily life more convenient and efficient than ever before .especially in the fields of…经典句型：Were it left to me to make a choice between the two points , Iwould not hasitate for a moment to prefer the former.It is hard to imagine what our life would be klike without energy. We should launch a worldwide campaign to bring …under control.主题句特点：不要太泛看，尽量规整，句子简洁，为下文做铺垫（数量词运用）提纲列法：只列关键词。
英语专业写作基础教程1-6单元笔记
The place of titlesThe title or the topic of the essay should be placed in the middle of the first line.（标题书写中应该注意的地方1.Every word of the title should be capitalized except articles,preositions,coordinating,conjunctions and to in infinitives.2.But if one of these words is the first or last word of the title, it should be capitalized.3.The title of a book within the topic should be underlined,and the title of an article should be put between quotation marks引号.）Word division即单词划分(当一行写到末尾时候，可能出现一个单词写不完的情况，这是需要用到单词划分。
)1．重读闭音节通常在辅音字母后面断开。
如，fin ish2．以辅音字母加le结尾的通常在辅音字母前断开。
如，peo ple 3．一个字母不能单独放在行中或行末。
4．以两个字母的后缀结尾的，不能在后缀处划分。
如，hand ed，hard en5．一页的最后一个单词不能被划开，且需写到下一页。
6．合成词应在练此符号出断开。
如，broad minded7．有两个连续相同辅音字母的双音节词，在相同的两个辅音字母中间断开。
如，lat ter8．人名应避免被拆开。
如，Dickens9．容易引起误解的应避免。
如，re ally，lay man10．连续几行的行尾单词划分需要避免。
CapitalizationCapitalized words are used mainly in three places: proper names, key words in titles, and the first words of sentences.Punctuation(标点符号)及其用途(一)The Comma （，）逗号1.A comma is used to join coordinate clauses, it is put before theconjunction.2.A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase, including aprepositional and a participial phrase before the subject, or inserted in the middle of the sentence.mas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with thesame function in the sentence:4.Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commasmas set off parenthetical elements6.In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the orderis month—day—year; no comma need be used if the order is day—month—year.7.With numbers of 1 000 or over, commas or little blank spaces may beused to separate digits by thousands. Form right to left, a commas is placed after every three numerals.(二)The Period （. ）句号1.The period is used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildlyimperative sentence, and an indirect question.2.The period is used with most abbreviations.3.Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates theomission of one or more words within a quoted passage.(三)The Semicolon （;）分号1.The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses which are notlinked by a conjunction.2.Conjunctive adverbs like therefore, however, nonetheless, hence,otherwise, besides, moreover, etc., should not be used as conjunctions to link two coordinate clauses, before them there should be a semicolon, not a comma.3.The semicolon is used with conjunctions when the clauses containinternal punctuation.4.The semicolon is used to separate a series of items with internalcommas.5.A semicolon may be used to join clauses with words omitted, and theomission is sometimes indicated by a comma.(四)The Colon （：）冒号1.The colon is used to introduce a quotation or a statement.2.The colon is used to introduce an examination, a summary, or anappositive.3.The colon is used between the hour and the minute to show the time,to record the scores of games, to end the salutation of a business letter and the introductory remark of a spealer to the chairman and audience.(五)The Question Mark （？）问号1.The question mark is used after a direct question.2.The question mark is used after a statement turned into a question.3.A question mark put between parentheses indicates the writer’suncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word, figure or date.(六)The Exclamation Mark （！）叹号1.The exclamation mark is used after an exclamatory sentence, or anemphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion..2.Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.(七)Quotation Marks（…）引号1.Double quotation marks are used to enclose direct quotations indialogue or from books or articles.2.Single quotation marks are used to enclose a quotation within aquotation.3.Indirect quotations are not enclosed by quotation marks.4.Quotation marks are used for titles of articles, essays, short stories,short poems, songs, etc., and for headings of chapters or subdivisions of books. Titles of books, newspapers and magazines are generally underlined or italicized.5.Words with special meaning are sometimes put between quotationmarks,(八)Parentheses/Brackets （（））圆括号1.Parentheses are used to set off parenthetical, supplementary, orillustrative words.2.Parentheses enclose figures or letters used for enumeration.(九)Square Brackets（【】）方括号1. Square Bracketsare used to indicate corrections or explanations in quoted matter made by the writer who is quoting .2. Square Brackets are used instead of parentheses within parentheses.(十)The Dash （—）破折号1.The dash indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or aspeaker’s confusion or he sitation.2.The dash indicates an unfinished or interrupted statement.3.A pair of dashes set off a parenthetical element.4.The dash is sometimes used to introduce a summarizing clause after aseries of nouns.5.The dash is sometimes used just like quotation marks in a dialogue.6.The dash may be used to introduce subheadings and authors afterquotations.(十一)The Slash （/ ）间隔号1.The slash indicates alternatives, representing the word or or and\or2.The slash is used to separate lines in short quotations of poetry beingquoted in running text.3.When fractions are written in a sentence, a slash is used to separate thenumerator from the denominator.4.Sometimes the slash means “per.”四种句型及其用途Comma逗号——declarative sentence（陈述句）:makes an assignment or statementQuestion mark问号——direction question sentence（疑问句）:ask a questionExclamation mark叹号——Imperation sentence（祈使句）:express a command or a request Exclamatory sentence（感叹句）:express a strong feeling or emotionUnderlining and italics1.Titles of books, periodicals, newspaper, plays, movies, operas, andlong poems are underlined or italicized.2.Foreign words are often underlined or italicized.3.Words and letters referred to as such are underlined or italicized.s of ships, aircraft and tragic sinking of the titanic.5.Sometimes underlining or italicizing indicates emphasis.【Words】一、Type of wordsCommon wordsFormal and technical words：（political,legal,scientific,technical,bussiness,literary）Nonstandard words：（slang,jargon,dialectal and obsolete）二、Choice of wordse common or informal words for general purposes; use formal ornonstandard when only on special occasions or for special purposes. e specific and concrete words when giving details; use general orabstract words when making summaries.e idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations; avoidcombinations and that are unidiomatic.4.When there are synonyms, choose the word that expresses themeaning most exactly and that suits the content and style.三、SynonymsThe english language is very rich in synonyms. This is partly due to the fact that english has over the centuries borrowed or absorbed tens of thousands of words from other languages, mainly Greek, Latin and French. Word of anglo-saxon origin are generally colloquial or informal, and they form a great part of the vocabulary that people use daily. Many of the words of greek, latin, and french origin are formal, learned or “big”; and are mainly used in formal writing or speech.四、Some good dictionaries1.Longman dictionary of contemporary english2.Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current english.3.Webster’s new word dictionary.4.Collins cobuild english language dictionary.【Sentences】一、Composed sentences 构建句子:①complete structure②begin with a capital letter③full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark④a single complete idea二、Requirement of correct sentences及其对应错误pleteness in structure—fragment in structure2.the right subject—the wrong subject3.agreement between the subject and the predicate verb—disagreement between the subject and the predicate verb 4.agreement between pronoun and antecedent—disagreement between pronoun and antecedent5.clear pronoun reference—unclear pronoun reference6.ending sentences with full stops—ending sentences with no full stops7.joining clauses with conjuctions—joining clauses with no or wrong conjuctions8.a main claus in a complex sentence—no main claus in a complex sentence9.proper use of comparisons—improper use of comparisons10. correct use of the tenses—incorrect use of the tenses四、Quality of effective sentencesEffective sentences have the following quality:Unity（完整性）Coherence（连贯性）Conciseness（简明扼要性）Emphasis（强调）( ways of emphasis:placing, climactic sequence, subordination,the use of verbs in the active voice,balanced sentences平行结构,periodic sentences圆周句,negative/positive sentences,rhetorical question,loose sentences松散句)Variety（表达多样性）五、The difference between subordination and coordinationCoordination is tipically realized by coordinators which join units at the same level while subodination is realized by subordinators which distinguish the superodinate claus and the inferior clause.【Paragraph】一、Ways of developing a paragraphThere are many possible ways to develop a paragraph.（1）development by time（2）development by process（3）development by space（4）development by examples or generalization（5）development by comparison and contrast:(the difference between comparison and contrast :When we compare one thing with another, we show the similarities;when we contrast one thing with another, we show dissimilarities.) （6）development by cause and effect（7）development by classification（8）development by definition（9）development by combination of methods二、The steps of developing a paragraphFirst, think of the topic or theme or main idea,And express it in a complete sentence（topic sentence）.Then think of the details or examples or facts that may be used to support or explain the main idea.Work out the outline and arrange them in logical order.三、Features of a paragraphA effective paragraph must have a control idea, and this central idea may be expressed either explicitly in a topic sentence.【Summray】一、Definition (定义)A sumary is the gist or main theme of a piece of a piece of writing expressed in as few words as possible .it should be clear ,brief,and complete,with all the essential points included.二、Uses（用途）①summary writing enables people to get more out of their reading.②summary writing is also a very good exercise to teach us to express thoughts clearly,concisely and effectively.③summary writing has great practical value on grasping quikly and accurately what is read or heard.三、Procedure（步骤）⑴ reading⑵ writing⑶ revision四、Requirements(要求)A.we should be sure of the word limit required .B.we should use our own words to write a summary.C.we should convey the message fully and clearly.D. We should write in the logical order of the original passage.E. Compression (压缩)五、Ways（方法）A. Ommit the details 删除细节B. Reduce the examples 削减例子C. Refuse repeatness 避免重复D. Simplify the decription 简化描述E. Comprise wordy 全面用词F. Generable words 多用泛词e the shortest transitions 最简洁的过渡词H.inderect speech 间接引语【Composition 】一、Steps in writing a composition1.planning a composition( ① putting down all the relevant facts② thinking of a proper theme and deciding on our purpose③ re-examing our list of details and outlining )2.writing the fist draft3.revising the first draft4.making the final copy二、Parts in composition1. the beginning ——introduction(Ways of start a composition :start with …① relevant background material② the time and place of the event to be described③ a quotation④ a question⑤ a statement⑥ a figures or statistics⑦ a definition )2. the middle ——body3.the end ——conclusion三、Types of writing1.narration 记叙体2.exposition 说明文四、Criteria of a good composition (一篇好文章的标准)A good composition have something interesting and/or important,and if possible, something new , to say and that this “something”is expressed clearly, accurately, and appropriately. And we must decide on the purpose and audience of our writing and try to adapt the style and language to suit our purpose and audience.【Outline】一、Types of outline1. sentence outline: made up of sentences2.topic outline：consists of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents( =gerund phrases or infinitive phrases )二、Rules for writing outlinesIf we examine closely the two outline above, we may see that they follow these rules:（1）if there is a major point marked “Ⅰ”, there must be at least another marked “Ⅱ”;if there is an “a”, there must be a “b”, and so on.（2）a topic outline is written in noun phrase, and a sentence outline, in sentences. Sentences and phrase are not used together in the same outline. （3）parallel structure are used for the headings of the same rank. Subheads of like rank are of equal importance and are related to the heading and arranged in logical order.（4）the thesis is a complete declarative sentence, usually in the affirmative. It is not a question, a phrase, or a dependent clause, but one sentence which expresses our controlling idea.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一．修辞手法1.Simile 明喻Eg. O my love's like a red,red rose.That man can not be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel 黄鳝She likes an apple in her eyes.2.Metaphor暗喻Eg. The picture of those poor people's lives was carved so sharply in his heart that he could never forget it.There was a medieval magnificence about the big dining hall.The street faded into a country road with straggling houses by it.There was a few lordly poplars before the house.All his former joy was drowned in the embarrassment and confusion he was feeling at the moment.Independent would not be a trial seperation,but would be a painful divorce.3.Personification 拟人Eg . Youth is hot and bold,age is weak and cold.The match will soon be over and defeat is staring us in the face.The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuously tossing抛their boat.4.Metonymy 借喻转喻不直接说明而是以另外一个与之相关的事物来说明Sword and cross in hand,the European conquerors fell upon the Americas.When the war was over,he lay down the sword and took up the pen.弃武从文His purse钱包would not allow him that luxuryThe kettle boils 水开了The room sat slient. 全屋人安静的坐着。
Lend me your ears , please. 请听我说。
His unfriendly tough surprised her.5.Synecdoche.提喻A.部分代整体或者说特殊代一般Eg . He is the Newton of this century.The had to earn his daily bread by doing odd jobs.打零工面包来代指生活收入The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 手代指人There are about 100 hands working in the factory. 同上B.整体代部分或者一般代特殊Eg. The fox(狐狸来代指狐狸的毛皮) goes very well with your cap.帽子Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in this exciting football match.用德国和阿根廷来代指两个国家的球队The poor creature could not endure her sufferings.用生物代指人6.Euphemism 委婉，诲饰Eg. He is out visiting the neccessary. 他出去方便了。
His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他和他妻子离婚了。
Deng xiaoping passed away in 1977.注意看课本page19页的词的委婉用法。
7.Irony 反语Eg. It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是好事。
实际上是运用反语说应该有时间观念。
8.Overstatement 或hyperbole 夸张and Understatement缩小，低调陈述A.Overstatement的用法Eg. I beg a thousand pardons. 我非常抱歉。
When she heard the bad news,a river of tears poured out.当他听到噩耗，眼泪如江水一般汹涌流出。
She is dying十分to know what job has been assigned her.On hearing that he had been admitted to that famous university,he whispered to himself,"I'm the luckiest man in the world."B.Understatement 的用法Eg. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.建室内游泳池只花了一点小钱。
"He is really strange,"his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife. Strange在此是低调陈述，实际上是说he is very stupid and crazy.9.Transferred Epithet 移就用本来应该修饰人的形容词来修饰物或者其他的东西，大多是把表达人的思想观念的词语移用于其他物体上面。
英语移就格的特征：转移形容词+ 中心语。
要注意与拟人的用法区分开，从内容上看,“拟人”重在把物人格化,就是把事物当作人来描写;“移就”则是把甲性状词语移属于乙,重在移而就之,它不把事物人格化,也就是不把事物当作人来描写。
Eg. She was so worried about her son that she spent several sleepless nights.她太担心他的儿子以至于她整晚难眠。
Sleepless本身是指人睡不着，在此却修饰了nights夜本身无所谓眠不眠，不眠的只是人而已。
In his quiet laziness he suddenly remembered that strange word. Quiet 本是形容人的安静在此形容laziness 指人懒The assistant kept a respectful diatance from his boss when they were walking in the corridor.He said yes to the question in an unthinking moment.The old man put a reassuring劝慰人的hand on my shoulder.老人拍了拍我的肩膀。
She has expensive tastes in clothing.I was surprised to find him living in such drab and cheerless surroundings.10.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法，反意法，逆喻Eg. The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.严格是对队友好When the news of failure came ,all his friends said that it was a victorious defeat 虽败犹荣The president was conspicuously非常显眼的absent on that occasion.11.Alliteration 押韵，渐降法Eg.Long and loudly little Lily laughed.The windows waved violently in the wind.Drain your sweat--nay,drink your blood?I see also the dull,drilled,docile,brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.12.Synaesthesia 通感The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.由视觉转移到听觉鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花的声音。
Taste the music of Mozart.品味莫扎特的音乐。
13.排比14.Pun 双关Eg. If we don't hang悬挂together,we shall hang绞死separately.15.Parody 仿拟是指模仿名言警句和谚语等。
Eg. Rome is not built in a day nor a year.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.16.Rhetorical qustion 反义疑问句Eg.You are staying,I'm going.Give me liberaty,or give me death.17.Antithesis 对照是指意义完全相反的两个语句排在一起比较。
二．句子The Sentence1.句子结构S+V.S+V+OS+V+O2间接宾语+O1直接宾语S+V+O+OC宾语补足语S+LV连系动词+N名词eg. I'm a student.S+LV+A形容词eg. I'm happy.S+V+O+A eg. We find the work difficult.ma fault 逗号拼接句两个完整的句子是不能用逗号连接的Eg. Faulty: It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.Improved: It was raining so hard that they could not work in the field.Faulty: I was born in a small town, in the town there was only one school,I studied there for six years.Improved: I was born in a small town, where there was only one school.I studied there for six years.I studied for six years at the only school in the small town where I was born. Faulty: The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.Improved: The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.3.句子类型Types of Sentence.A.按照用法分为Declarative 陈述句Interrogative 疑问句Imperative 祈使句and Exclamatory Sentence.感叹句B.按照句子结构可分为以下四种a.Simple 简单句pound 并列句指包含两个或多个用连词或者分号（and,but,or,etc.）连接的独立完整的句子。