英和新闻读解2
新闻类文本阅读解题“三技巧”
新闻类文本阅读解题“三技巧”作者：张国锐来源：《中学语文·大语文论坛》2019年第01期新闻类文本是实用类文本的重要组成部分，在掌握相关知识的前提下，重视阅读技巧和方法，将其融入课堂学习中去，势必会事半功倍。
笔者总结了新闻类文本五方面的解题技巧，希望它是清风，能帮助同学们拨开眼前的迷雾。
一、确认客观题答案三个步骤1.审清题干，明确考查内容。
做此题时，可先阅读考查内容，初步确认阅读过程中应重点关注的内容，比如选项中的名词术语、选项阐释的主要内容、主要关系。
2.定向速读，筛选相关信息。
在速读的过程中，依据考查内容，确定区间，标注出重点、关键词，提取相关信息。
3.整合信息，对比选项正误。
一是要注意语言材料和选项中的不同，仔细判断是否出现了范围、数量、程度、时间、对象、有无、内容、概念内涵和外延等方面的变化;二是要注意是否改变了原有句子内容间的逻辑关系，比如是否有强加因果，是否将充分条件变成了必要条件等。
三是要注意不同词语的相同意义的表达，有些语句，看起来所用的词语是不一样的，但意义却是相同的。
二、分析表达技巧三个层面1.牢记新闻写作的相关技巧。
比如表达方式、描写方式、抒情手法、写作手法和常见的修辞等。
2.结合文本内容，明确其使用的技巧并考虑其表现了什么。
3.立足新闻特征，考虑其作用。
从是否表现新闻人物特点的角度考虑，描写方式、写作手法修辞往往会突出人物某方面的特征，让其形象更鲜明;从是否表现新闻主题的角度考虑，对新闻主题是否有揭示、深化、升华等作用;从是否体现新闻的真实性和生动性考虑，细节描写、修辞的使用往往会增加写作对象的真实性和生动性;从是否体现作者的观点态度，突显新闻社会效应的角度考虑。
三、评价文本中的观点态度三要领评价文章的思想内容和文本的观点态度是指在正确理解和把握文意的基础上，对文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度做出恰当公正的评价。
解题时应注意以下三方面：1.立足文本，准确把握文本的思想内容和观点态度，作者的的观点态度显现在所选择的材料、所进行的分析中。
2023届高考英语时文阅读2篇讲义
英语时文阅读2篇Natural glass discovered in lunar samples月球上也有玻璃！带着问题读文章1.根据本文，这些玻璃材料是来源于哪里呢？2.这些天然玻璃纤维的发现有何意义？Chinese scientists have discovered multiple types of glass material in lunar samples retrieved by the Chang'e-5 mission, including natural fiberglass, which has been found for the first time and could provide important support for future lunar base construction, according to the Institute of Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.据中科院物理研究所消息，我国科研人员在嫦娥五号月壤样品中发现了多种类型的月球玻璃物质，其中包括首次发现的天然玻璃纤维，这可能为未来的月球基地建设提供重要支持。
The material, which includes spherical, ellipsoidal and dumbbell-shaped glass beads, as well as colloidal items with a porous structure and sputtering material in fluid form, have also been found.此外，还发现了球状、椭球状、哑铃状等形状的玻璃珠，以及气孔构造的胶结质和流体形态的溅射物。
Researchers explored the origin and formation of a particular material, which originated from mineral melting and rapid cooling resulting from meteorite impacts on the lunar surface. Through comprehensive analysis of the material's morphology, composition, microstructure, and formation, they discovered multiple mechanisms through which it was formed.通过全面分析嫦娥五号月壤样品中玻璃物质的形态、成分、微观结构和形成机制，研究人员探索了这些玻璃材料的来源和形成过程，他们发现这些玻璃材料来源于月球表面频繁的陨石撞击造成的矿物熔化和快速冷却。
2024版美英报刊阅读ppt课件
05 美英报刊中的广 告与文化
广告的种类与特点
商业广告
宣传商品或服务，吸引消费者购买。
公益广告
宣传社会公益事业或道德观念，提高 公众意识。
广告的种类与特点
• 政治广告：宣传政治人物或政策主张，影响公众舆 论。
广告的种类与特点
针对性强
针对不同受众群体，制定相应的广告 策略。
信息量大
传递大量信息，包括产品特点、品牌 形象等。
03 美英报刊中的新 闻报道
新闻报道的结构与特点
01
02
03
04
05
标题（Headline） 导语（Lead）
简洁明了，概括新闻主题
开篇引入，激发读者兴趣
正文（Body）
结尾 （Conclusi…
特点
详细阐述新闻事件，包括时 间、地点、人物、事件等要 素
总结新闻事件，可能包含评 论或预测
时效性、真实性、客观性、 重要性、接近性、显著性、 趣味性等
让读者能够全面了解事件背景和各方立场。
04 美英报刊中的评 论与专栏
评论与专栏的种类与特点
社论
代表报刊立场，对重大事件或问题 进行深入分析。
专栏评论
由特定作家撰写，表达个人观点， 风格多样。
评论与专栏的种类与特点
• 读者来信：反映公众意见，提供不同视角。
评论与专栏的种类与特点
时效性
紧跟时事热点，迅速反应。
通过设置悬念，激发受众的好奇 心，引导他们关注广告内容。
突出亮点
强调产品或服务的独特之处和优 势，吸引受众眼球。
情感共鸣
运用情感因素，触动受众的情感 共鸣点，增强广告的影响力。
广告与文化的关系与影响
广告是文化的重要载体
英美报刊选读答案
英美报刊选读一、教学目的通过本课程的学习,使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解,认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点,掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧,为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础;二、教材特点与该课程旧教材第1版相比,本教材具有以下特点：1．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯,培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力,编者不但向他们推荐工具书,并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆,还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀;2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量,本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文,讲透疑难词语;此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇;3．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识,本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文,介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等,并举例说明其重要性;4．为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识,加深对课文的理解,编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点,对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介;三、教学内容英美报刊选读为省开课程;1．授课内容：重点为第1、3、4、5、6、8、13、15、17、19、20、21、24、28、30课共15课,其它内容主要供自学;2．课时安排：a 学员自学：2学时/周,共30学时学完15课;b面授辅导：4学时/次,共4次;每学时辅导一课,最后一学时复习;3．作业：共四次,在湖北电大网站英语本科网页上下载,课后完成,交辅导教师批改,评分,作为平时成绩的主要依据;学员完成作业后,可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”,以加深理解,检查自己掌握的情况四、教学建议教师授课时应以学生为中心,鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识;在上课时,可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题—— Questions,使他们基本了解课文的主要内容;然后,再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解;如果备课充分,学生的英语水平又高,教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法,抛开课本或讲义,只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等;这样,学生除预习外,课后还要结合教员在课堂上所讲的内容好好复习课文;这两种授课方式的好处是,使学生通过自学指预习和教师的指导,自己主动去掌握知识;与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比,学生更能巩固所学,并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能;此外,这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面;当然,这只是本人的实践和看法;我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法;五.考试说明“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍1．报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题,每题2分,共20分内容以辅导书的附录为主.2．阅读理解：2篇文章,选自作业题,选择题或判断题,共40分;3．阅读与翻译：一篇文章,选自教材重点课目练习,共40分;1．问答题：20分; 2.段落英译汉：20分;六.课程辅导英美报刊选读辅导一Newspapers and HeadlinesDo you have the habit of reading newspapers in EnglishWhat newspapers do you like to readThe following is a list of the major newspapers in Britain and the United States.●The major newspapers in BritainDailies SundaysThe Times News of the WorldThe Guardian The ObserverFinancial Times The Sunday PeopleThe Daily Telegraph Sunday MirrorDaily Express The Sunday TelegraphDaily Mail The Sunday TimesDaily Mirror●The major daily newspapers in the United StatesNew York Times USA TodayWashington Post Chicago Daily TribuneLos Angeles Times Detrolt NewsWall Street Journal New York Daily NewsChristian Science MonitorNewspapers ,along with reporting the news ,instruct ,entertain, and give opinions. A newspaper has separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business ,entertainment, opinions, comics, classified ads,etc.You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a example, when you read a newspaper you usually look quickly at headlines first. Newspaper headlines have a language of their own and it is necessary to learn about read the following headlines:Moscow official wounded by gunmenEarthquake rocks TurkeyHusband to sue wifeBoy on cliff rescuedYoung Sudanese refugees endured famine, separations from familyFrom above we can see two prominent features of English newspaper headlines:☆Headlines are almost always in the present tense and even future events are put in the present tense;☆Headlines generally omit unnecessary words, especially articles and the verb to is often replaced by a comma.Newspaper headlines can be classified into several types:☆ Straight headlines give you the main topic of the are the most common type of headline and are the easiest to understand.Snow has chilling effects on SouthClinton offers Bush advice.☆ Headlines that ask a question,report a future possibility or offer some doubt about the truth or accuracy of the story.Can technology fix ballot woesDo market analysts have bad aim or bad intentions☆ Headlines that contain a quotation which is important or which shows that a statement is not proven.Mother:Let my baby go“We won’t quit”☆ Double headlines are two-part headlines for the same story and are often used for major events.How Express broke diplomatic silenceHUSH-UP ON “SPY” ENVOYS☆ Feature headlines are used for stories that are either highly unusual or for such stories try to be as clever as possible to catch the reader's interest.Teletubbles maker seeks funds for expansionDead student fell under the crush during clashes英美报刊选读辅导二Understanding Headline VocabularyEnglish newspaper headlines use a special headline contracts a lot of information into a short space and hence in headlines we often see●Short words used instead of long ones. aid=assist bare=expose or reveal;blast=explode probe=investigationwoo=seek to win●Abbreviations such as short names which can be used when they are likely to be identified by the initials are used whenever possible.. Close-up on WILLWILL=Willam ShakespeareYard smash airport gangYard=Scotland YardMP slams hospital delayMP=member of Parliament●shortened words and slang. Weekly mag for stamp lovers to be launchedmag=magazineBr fly into stormover plgeon banBr=BritainOlivier denies “blackmail” jibejibe=an insulting attackThe following is a list of words with their common headline to be famillar with these words.Word Common headline meaning ExamplAccord agreement Accord possible todayAir to make known TV airs “facts” on arms delivery Assail to criticize strongly Russ assails US on A-testsAxe to dismiss from a job Governor to axe aideBack to support Algeria backs decision to ignore dollar Balk to refuse to accept Union balks at court orderBar not to allow Club faces shutdown for barring women Bid attempt Bid to open borderoffer Union rejects latest bidBilk to cheat Clerk bilks company of $1mBlastnoun explosion;strong criticism Tanker blast near Manila verb criticize strongly MP blasts democratsstrike with explosivesblaze fire Blaze kills threecite mention Management cites labor unrest forshutdownclaim to declare to be true Man claims ghost sighting claimclaim to kill Bombs claim40the life ofclashnoun battle; dispute Marine dies in clashverb disagree strongly;fight Mayor clashes with city council cool uninterested; unfriendly Moscow cool to aid offercurb limit; control Sunday driving curbs planned deadlock a disagreement that Jury deadlock in kidnap trial cannot be settleddrive a strong well-planned effort Cancer drive exceeds goal by a group for a particularpurposedue expected Greek FM due todayeye to watch with interest Women's groups eye court vote ease to reduce or loosen Rome eases martial laweve the day before Violence on eve of independence fault to find in the wrong Study faults policefeud dispute; Border feud danger to regional peace strong disagreementflay accuse;criticize strongly US flays Russiafoe opponent; enemy Clinton talks with congressional foes foil to prevent from succeeding FBI folls bid to hijack plane to Iran grip to take hold of Cholera fear grips Japangut to destroy completely by fire Year's biggest fire guts 178 homes head off to prevent President heads off rail strike heist theft Jewel heist foiledhold keep in police control; 7 held for smugglingarrestink to sign Thailand,Malaysia ink sea treaty key very important Gov' key votekick off to begin Fiery speech kicks off campaign lash out criticize strongly; College heads lash out at NUSaccuselaud to praise PM lauds community spiritline position;demand Israel softens linelaunch to begin Police launch anti-drug drivelink connected to Fungus linked to mystery diseas loom expected in the near Treaty dispute loomingfuturelootnoun stolen money or goods Police recover lootverb unlawful taking away of Rioters loot stores goodsvaluablenab to capture Gang leader nabbednet to take possession of; Customs check nets over $2m capturenod approval Minister seeks nod for oil saving plan office an important government Minister quits,tired of office positionopt choose;decide Swiss opt to back tax for churches oust to take power away from Voters'oust incumbentspact a solemn agreement Peace pact todayPlea deeply felt request Mother's plea;Let me see my babya statement in court indicating Guilty pleas expectedguilt or innocence Guilty pleas expectedpledge promise IOC pledges supportpoised ready for action Workers poised to strikepoll election October pollVoting station Voters go to the polls in JapanPost position in government, Unknown gets key Cabinet post BusinessProbe investigation Governor orders fire probePrompt to cause Court decision prompts public anger Rage to burn out of control Forest fire ragesRapnoun accusation charge Corruption rap unfair says senator verb criticize Safety commission raps auto companies rock to shock;to surprise Gov' rocks stock marketrout defeat completely Rebels routed,leave 70 deadrow a quarrel Oil price row may bring down gov't. rule decide Court rules out PLO talkssack dismiss from a job Jail chief sackedsackfrom to search thoroughly and rob 14 held for US embassy sacking “ransack”set decided on;ready IMF talks set for Aprilslay to kill or murder 2 slain in family rowsnag problem;difficulty Last minute snag hits arms talkssnub to pay no attention to Protestants snub Ulster peace bidsoar to rise rapidly Inflation rate soarsspark to cause;to lead to action Frontier feuding sparks attack stalemate a disagreement that cannot be settledNew bid to break hostage stalematestall making no progress Peace effort in Lebanon stalled stance attitude;way of thinking New stance toward power cuts stem to prevent or stop Rainy season stems refugee exit sway to influence or persuade President fails to sway union-strike set swindle an unlawful way of getting money Stock swindle in NY thwart prevent from being successful Honduras attack thwarted ties relations Vietnam ties soonTrim to cut Senate trims budgetTrigger to cause Killing triggers riotVie to compete Irish top ranks vie for officeVoid to determine to be invalid Voting law voides by courtVow a solemn promise Police chief vows to catch kidnappersWeigh to consider Bush weights tax increase英美报刊选读辅导三The Newspaper LeadThe first paragraph of a news story is called the lead. It almost always gives you the story's main topic and most important facts. When you read a newspaper lead sentence, try to find the subject and main verb and note how the rest of the sentence adds information to the subject and main verb.Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military ReviewCAIRO,October7-Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a modern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent Mideast peace with Isreal, was assassinated yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenades.Note that a great deal of information is included in a single writer has organized the sentence around the subjectEgyptian President Anwar Sadatand main verbwas assassinate very carefully.The lead sentence usually does the following:●Answers questions such as “who”“what”“where” “when”“result”●Adds background to help you better understand the story orState where the source of the story comes from.英美报刊选读辅导四Read the News StoryIn most news stories the most important facts will be found near the beginning-usually within the first two or three remainder of the story will give details explaining and clarifying the main points,or introducing new,but less important information.The following is a formula for a typical news story;●Paragraph OneThe story's subject and most important facts.●Paragraph TwoImportant facts that the writer was unable to include in the lead;Information to clarify the facts in the lead;A particularly important quote.●The rest of the storySpecific details to answer readers' questions;Statements and opinions by people involved in the story or by outside observers;Background information;New,but less important facts.Accordingly, when you read a news story, you are to:●Read the beginning of the story very carefully because it containsthe most important fact.●Try to look for more facts than those given in the lead.●If you don't understand something at the beginning of a story, keep reading for a secondand perhaps a third chance to understand.英美报刊选读辅导五Reading the Feature Story in a NewspaperIn most news stories the main points come very early and less impotant information comes is another kind of story_the feature story which follows a different format,the feature format.Popular Magazines and Magazine ArticlesReading popular magazines is a good way to enlarge our vocabulary and learn a little bit about many topics in following is a list of major magazines in Britain and the United States.●Magazines in BritainThe Economist Britain TodayThe Spectator Contemporary ReviewNew Statesman London MagazineNew Scientist Observer ReviewThe Listener PunchBritish Weekly●Magazines in the United StatesTime US News & World ReportNewsweek Reader's DigestLife Business WeeklyFortune Harper'sPeople American ReviewThe New YorkerVery often we read magazines while traveling or relaxing of magazine articles do not expect their audience to spend too much time reading and try to make the main ideas stand out clearly. The task for the reader is to locate these main ideas quickly.Popular magazine writers use various devices to capture a reader's attention:clever titles,short paragraphs and compound nouns to economize on in magazine often have characteristics similar to those found in news stories or articles found in are some feautures of magazine articles:●An introductory paragraph summarize the main idea;●The details are given in the rest of the articles;●The author's view of the subject is directed to a particular audience butmay interest readers in general.英美报刊选读辅导六Reading AdvertisementsMost magazines and newspapers contain advertisements that are designed to make us want the want us to believe that their product is important for a good life. Some advertisements even present viewpoints ontimely newspaper ads try to influence the reader's opinions.The language of advertising must be a language of immediate impact and rapid persuasion. No one is likely to spend much time deciding whether to read a printed advertisement or listen to a spoken one:If their attention is not attracted immediately and held firmly for the short amount of time necessary to absorb what is being said. Then the advertisement will have miserably. So the advertising language uses a basically simple grammatical structure and a richly suggestive and descriptive vocabulary.Read the following ad.Only the cream of the crop filesOur chefs buy only the freshest and most expensive ingredients for our kitchens.Anywhere.Because they believe that good food really is the way to a person's heart.Obviously, there are many who would agree.In fact, experienced travelers have rewarded Swissair with the greatest percentage of repeat business.Which is not something we take lightly.Because travelers who fly more, expect more.So our chefs prepare five gourmet selections for every flight. Plus any one of 15 different special meals on request:Hindu,Kosher,Moslem,diabetic,slat-free,vegetarian,dietetic…you name it.Only the best will please Swissair passengers.The cream of the crop.Swissair has worldwide departures from New York, Boston, Chicago, Montreal and Toronto.Call Swissair of your travel expertSWISSAIRIn the above ad, a great deal is said in a few words. We see short sentences, vivid language, and many informal, popular expressions. They appeal to all of the senses.When you read an advertisement, you may:●Look for the hidden message; the way in which an advertiser uses words and pictures to influence readers opinions and attitudes.●Read between the lines for meanings implied rather than clearly stated.●Find the source of its appeal to the senses.。
2024届高考英语阅读理解专练(含答案)
第一部分阅读理解四选一阅读理解的高考分值是37.5分，占比较大；考试分配时间为：28分钟左右；文章体裁分为：应用文，记叙文，说明文，议论文和新闻报道等。
阅读理解题目在文章中分布均匀，且多在段首和段尾。
题型为：细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题等，大多数题型为细节理解题和推理判断题。
卷别年份篇目语篇类型主题考查题型主题语境主题内容细节理解推理判断主旨大意词义猜测新课标Ⅰ卷2023A应用文人与社会自行车租赁服务3B记叙文人与自然污水净化生态箱13C说明文人与自我数字极简主义生活方式31 D说明文人与社会“群体智慧”效应121新高考Ⅰ卷2022A应用文人与自我课程评分细则21B说明文人与社会减少食物浪费31C说明文人与社会养老院养鸡项目121 D说明文人与社会饮食结构影响语音211新课标Ⅱ卷2023A应用文人与自然黄石国家公园护林员项目3B记叙文人与自我Urban Sprouts菜园子项目211 C说明文人与社会书籍介绍121D说明文人与自然接触自然有益健康22新高考Ⅱ卷2022A应用文人与社会博物馆参观信息3B记叙文人与社会新媒体的影响121 C说明文人与社会司机无视手机禁令1111 D说明文人与自我运动可以促进心脏健康22(细节理解题＋推理判断题＋词义猜测题＋段落大意题)【典例印证】【破题关键点】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why itworks, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high－quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.1. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.2. What does the underlined word “declutter”in paragraph3 mean?A. Clear－up.B. Add－on.1. 先读第1题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第一段开始浏览，寻找和题干关键词意思相近的________，确定此处内容是本题根据→根据本句中的“to make the case for digital minimalism(为数字极简主义辩护)”，确定第1题的答案________2. 再读第2题的题干，关键词是画线词________→根据关键词，从第1段后浏览，在第三段找到画线词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第2题的答案________3. 然后读第3题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第2题关键词后面浏览，寻找题干中的关键词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第3题的答案________4. 最后读第4题的题干，标出关键词________→根据关键词，从第3题关键词后面浏览，寻找题干中的关键词→找到关键词后把此处内容和四个选项进行比对，确定第4题的答案________答案 1. aimed; goal; B2. declutter; A3. the final chapter of part one; C4. practices; AC. Check－in.D. Take－over.3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practicesoffered in part two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.题型微解题型微解1：细节理解题细节理解题是高考题型中考查较多的题型，也是容易得分的题型，该题型分为：直接细节题，间接细节题，数字计算题和归纳概括题。
[最新]人教版语文选修《新闻阅读与实践》第2章第1课《动态消息两篇》知能优化演练含答案
![[最新]人教版语文选修《新闻阅读与实践》第2章第1课《动态消息两篇》知能优化演练含答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9ae7f7cd04a1b0717fd5dd3a.png)
一、语段阅读阅读下面两则消息，完成1～4题。
背了半个多世纪的“0”甩进了太平洋奥运会第一枚金牌为我夺得许海峰百步穿杨居魁首曾国强力举千钧占鳌头本报洛杉矾29日专电特派记者孙杰报道今日上午11时10分，本届奥运会的第一个冠军诞生了。
中国选手许海峰以566环的成绩获得男子自选手枪的冠军。
这枚具有历史意义的金牌宣告中国奥运会零的纪录已被突破。
中午时分，国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇亲手把本届奥运会的第一枚金牌授予许海峰。
另一名中国选手王义夫获得铜牌(564环)，瑞典运动员斯卡纳克尔获银牌(565环)。
在今天52公斤级的举重比赛中，中国选手曾国强以235公斤(抓举105公斤，挺举130公斤)的总成绩获得冠军。
中国另一名选手周培顺获得52公斤级银牌，日本选手真锅和人获铜牌。
我国选手获得奥运会第一枚金牌新华社洛杉矶1984年7月29日电(记者高殿民)中国在奥运会历史上“零的纪录”的局面在今天十一时十分(北京时间30日凌晨二时十分)被中国射击选手许海峰突破。
许海峰以566环的成绩获得男子自选手枪冠军，夺得了奥运会的第一枚金牌。
中国体育代表团副团长陈先在许海峰获得金牌后，对新华社记者发表谈话说，这对中国运动员是极大的鼓舞。
这是中国在奥运会历史上得到的第一枚金牌，实现了“零”的突破，在中国体育史上具有深远的意义。
他表示感谢运动员和教练作出的艰苦努力。
许海峰今年27岁，是安徽供销社的职员，他在获得金牌后对新华社记者说，这还不是他最好的成绩，只不过是正常发挥技术，他最好的成绩是583环。
他表示要不骄不躁，继续努力，争取今后取得更大成绩。
1．《人民日报》在发表这则新闻时，把标题写为“‘零’的突破”。
有什么好处？答：________________________________________________________________________答案：《“零”的突破》突出事件意义特别重大，标题简洁明了，有吸引力，很易引起读者的关注。
新闻阅读答案
新闻阅读答案解析：此题考查对新闻背景(de)分析.新闻背景是新闻(de)有机组成部分,可以从新闻发生(de)原因、新闻人物与其他人物之间(de)关系等角度分析.答案：这样写增加了新闻(de)纵深感,增强了文章(de)感染力,可以让读者全方位了解事情(de)真相,深刻理解他们获奖后(de)激动心情,突出他们(de)兄弟之谊.新闻背景一般有哪些作用提示：新闻背景是指新闻事件发生(de)历史背景、周围环境及与其他方面(de)联系等.新闻背景是新闻报道(de)有机组成部分,是补充、反衬或烘托新闻事实和新闻主题(de)重要材料.具体作用有：①说明新闻事件起因；②补充情况,帮助读者理解新闻事件(de)重要性；③突出新闻事件(de)新闻价值；④表明记者观点；⑤增强消息(de)知识性和趣味性,引发读者(de)阅读兴趣.二、分析新闻(de)真实性解析：此题考查分析新闻(de)真实性.记者为了显示新闻(de)真实性,往往采用现场描写对重要人物(de)采访和对时间、地点等具体细节(de)介绍、描写等方式.在节选(de)这段文字里,既有现场(de)描写,又有具体(de)风力介绍,还写出了具体(de)地点等.答案：从三个方面凸显了新闻(de)真实性：一是根据采访经过突出真实性,二是根据对新闻现场(de)客观反映突出真实性,三是根据准确(de)数据突出真实性.作者一般从哪些角度入手来体现新闻(de)真实性和现场感(de)提示：①从再现采访过程(de)角度,往往写出自己(de)行程、到达(de)地点；②从再现现场情形(de)角度,描写现场(de)情景、气氛；③从叙述人称选择(de)角度,多采用第一人称(de)叙述口吻；④从细节描写(de)角度,有对新闻现场和新闻人物(de)细节描写；⑤从新闻数据运用(de)角度,运用准确、具体(de)数字.三、赏析新闻开头(de)艺术解析：此题考查新闻开头(de)艺术,题干指明开头采用了一个“特写镜头”,可以结合这个镜头(de)具体内容和新闻要表现(de)主题分析.答案：①通过现场感很强(de)特写描述,突显具体细节,引发读者对细节意义指向(de)疑问；②通过小女孩与照片(de)细节描述,形成现实与历史(de)对比,引发读者联想与探究(de)兴趣；③暗示六十多年前中美共同抗战(de)历史,以中美混血小女孩(de)微笑表达了人们共同维护世界和平(de)心声.赏析新闻开头(de)艺术有哪些角度提示：新闻(de)开头,除从直接点题、交代下文要写(de)内容、引起下文、引出所写(de)对象、设置悬念、增强艺术吸引力、奠定全文感情基调、为下文埋下伏笔、为全文渲染了某种气氛等角度思考外,还要注意：①从表现新闻主题(de)角度思考,看开头(de)材料和新闻主题之间(de)关系；②从结构安排(de)艺术角度思考,看开头是如何引出下文(de)；③从受众阅读(de)角度思考,看是否设置悬念,激起读者(de)阅读兴趣；④从语段所写(de)内容角度思考,看是不是概括新闻主体内容(de)导语.四、分析新闻结尾(de)作用解析：此题考查新闻结尾(de)特点与作用.奥斯维辛没有什么新闻是揭露法西斯罪行(de)名篇,新闻(de)结尾处却写现在集中营(de)美丽景色和孩子们(de)追逐嬉戏,显示了现在人们生活(de)美好,从手法看是对比,通过对比,揭示了文章(de)主旨.答案：作者描绘了一幅和平优美(de)景象,目(de)是和当年(de)人间地狱——奥斯维辛形成鲜明(de)对照,从而表现纳粹给人们带来(de)灾难,引发人们对战争(de)深沉思考.新闻(de)结尾有哪些常见方式作用各是什么提示：结尾是新闻(de)有机组成部分,常见(de)结尾方式有卒章见义式、展望式、补充式、含蓄蕴藉式等.作用分别是：①卒章见义,点明主题；②展望前景,阐明意义；③拾遗补缺,增加信息；④托物寄情,令人回味.五、体会标题(de)艺术解析：新闻(de)标题是新闻(de)重要组成部分,一般而言,标题要简要概括新闻(de)内容.这则新闻有两个标题,正副标题搭配使用,并用富有情韵(de)动词,这是要分析(de)重点.答案：采用了正副标题.正题简洁,揭示了中心事件,选用生动、富于个性(de)动词“牵”,让整个题目都活起来,同时具有情感性.副标题既补充主标题,也对全文(de)主旨作了补充说明,同时副标题又是正文中部分内容(de)统领1.新闻(de)标题有哪些常见方式作用各是什么提示：新闻标题常见(de)有正题、引题、副题等.正标题一般是对新闻重要内容(de)概括；引题一般交代背景、烘托气氛、揭示意义、提出问题、说明原因(目(de))；副题一般交代事情结果、补充次要事实、印证主题中(de)观点、解释主题等.2．分析标题(de)作用一般从哪些角度入手提示：①从表达技巧(de)角度分析；②从表达新闻主题角度分析；③从对吸引读者(de)作用角度分析；④从对标题表达(de)情感角度分析；⑤从对读者获取信息(de)作用角度分析.六、赏析新闻(de)表现手法解析：此题考查赏析新闻(de)表现手法.题干已经指明“点面结合”,因此,先在文本中找到哪些地方使用了这种手法,然后结合具体内容,从新闻(de)“深度和广度”角度,分析“点”(de)深度和生动性、“面”(de)广度和全面性.答案：如节选部分第三段,采用了点面结合(de)手法.前面写输电所王斌、供电所杨永坤受伤不下火线是“点”,后面写挂伤、碰伤、拉肚子、感冒、发烧(de)勇士坚守在抗冰抢险第一线是“面”,这样点面结合,从深度和广度上,生动而全面地刻画了抗冰抢险英雄(de)群像.从哪些角度赏析新闻(de)表现手法提示：新闻表现手法和小说、散文大致相同,赏析新闻(de)表现手法,可以从如下角度入手：①对表现新闻人物性格特点(de)作用；②对表现新闻主题(de)作用；③对表现新闻深度广度方面(de)作用；④访谈中提问(de)艺术和答问(de)技巧等.七、鉴赏新闻构思(de)独特性解析：文章(de)形式是为内容服务(de).应围绕日记这种形式对表现罗阳最后(de)八天七夜(de)工作情形(de)好处展开.答案：①以日记(de)形式,便于展开顺叙,使文章条理清晰.②突出时间(de)紧迫性,渲染强调人物工作(de)紧张和面临(de)压力之大；③回忆这一段时间中人物工作生活(de)方方面面,便于更全面地表现罗阳(de)精神品格,表达人们对他(de)追忆与缅怀.从哪些角度赏析新闻(de)构思艺术提示：新闻(de)构思和其他文体相似,主要体现在选材组材、选用呈现方式、安排结构思路上.赏析时,可以从如下角度思考：①选用(de)材料是否典型、是正面展现还是侧面烘托、是点面结合还是重点特写,有无环境、背景(de)映衬；②有无叙事(de)线索,是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙,是空间(de)转移还是地点(de)转变；③有无小标题,各段落之间是并列、层进还是对比、解证关系；④新闻采用了怎样(de)视角,结构安排有什么特点；等等.解答规范1．第一步,审清题目.第1小题,要求选出对文章(de)概括和分析“不正确”(de)两项,需要注意(de)是：一是“不正确(de)”,二是“两项”.第2小题问(de)是“北川航拍时排除险情一事,突出了机组群像(de)什么特征”,注意限定在“北川航拍时排除险情一事”.第3小题要求探析“蕴含着(de)是一份大爱”这句话(de)含意,探究含意要求结合文本内容.2．第二步,按步骤答题.解答第1小题,首先在通读原文(de)基础上,认真阅读5个备选项,确定各备选项在原文中(de)出处区间,然后本着“先看本句,本句没有看邻句,由近及远往外推”(de)原则,从说法是否有依据,概念(de)大小、轻重,对象等是否一致方面,进行认真比对,寻找答题信息,找出备选项和原文语句(de)异同点,最后确定答案CE.C项“多次参与导航工作”不正确,第三段只说到“协助完成10余项重大科研攻关,完成抢险救灾任务160余架次”,没有提到“参与导航工作”.E项“阳刚之美”不正确,本文(de)主题是表现中国当代军人(de)奉献精神.解答第2小题,首先阅读题干,把握“北川航拍时排除险情一事”(de)内容；第二,确定有效(de)答题区间,即文章第五至八段,然后从段落中提取关键信息,并加以整合,从机长张凯处变不惊、从容镇定(de)处理突发事故,可见其“临危不乱”,且险情完美化解、故障安全解除,可见其“技术精湛”；同时,故障解除过程中,机长一声令下,机组成员有效配合执行,可见出“配合密切”.解答第3小题,首先,把握画线语句语境.第二,结合语境分析.从上文中“奖状”中队为了荣誉与功勋而一次次枕戈待旦、受命飞行,可以总结出“大爱”(de)第一重含义为“对国家、对人民高度(de)责任感”.从下文“奖状”飞行团队每年有半年以上(de)时间在外执行飞行任务,陪同家人(de)时间自然也少了许多,有时接到紧急任务,还会和事先安排好(de)家事“撞车”,可总结出“大爱”(de)第二重含义为“家属对机组成员(de)理解和支持”；从结尾家属和飞行员对于此项工作(de)表述,可总结出“大爱”(de)第三层含义为“为‘大家’而牺牲‘小家’‘小爱’(de)奉献精神”.3．第三步,用简洁(de)文字合理组织主观题答案.答案：2．①技术精湛,临危不乱；②团结协作,配合密切.(意思对即可)3．①机组成员高度(de)使命感,对国家、对人民高度(de)责任感；②家属对机组成员(de)理解,解析：本题考查筛选并整合文中信息(de)能力.回答问题时,要找到答题区间,筛选文章中与新课改形成对比(de)传统教育(de)表现.第二、三、五、六段是用对比(de)手法,写新课改前后(de)课堂教学内容、教学方式、老师表现、学生表现等方面(de)区别.如第二段第一句“改变课程内容‘繁、难、偏、旧’(de)现状,减轻学生负担”,讲述了两个内容,一是传统教学课程内容“繁、难、偏、旧”,二是学生课业负担重.由此分析,可以得出实行新课改之前传统教学(de)一个弊端.答案：①课程内容“繁、难、偏、旧”,学生课业负担重.②课堂教学以教师为主,方式以填鸭式满堂灌为主,有大量作业重复训练.③学生在课堂上是被动学习,不能主动探索学习内容.④不能培养学生(de)语言能力、合作能力等.(答出三点即可)3．文章主要写北京地区(de)新课改,为何要在结尾部分写山西新绛中学(de)课改对国家事业(de)支持；③机组成员及其家属为“大家”而牺牲“小家”“小爱”(de)奉献精神.解析：本题考查理解文章内容,分析文章结构(de)能力.文章第一段介绍了北京市因为新课改(de)原因,高考分数每个批次均上涨了几十分,上线率也高于去年,由此得出结论：如今高考注重能力(de)考查,假课改行不通了.而文章最后三段主要介绍山西新绛中学坚持“超课改”获得(de)成果.由此可以分析出新绛中学(de)课改取得成功(de)具体原因,同时点明该中学今年高考取得骄人成绩与该校(de)“超课改”有着密切(de)关系,同时也与北京市新课改一起证明了文章表达(de)主要观点：假课改应付不了考查能力(de)高考,只有真真正正实行新课改,学生(de)高考成绩才能提高.答案：①列举了新绛中学近几年(de)高考成绩,说明新绛中学取得(de)骄人成绩来自“超课改”.②写新绛中学(de)“超课改”是对叙述北京地区课改(de)有效补充,使课改更具普遍意义.③用新绛中学(de)“超课改”再次证明文章(de)观点“假课改应付不了考查能力(de)高考”.解析：本题考查探究能力.回答问题时应注重分析北京市在实行新课改时(de)具体做法和这些做法体现出来(de)新课改精神,同时注重分析与之对比(de)没有彻底进行新课改(de)做法等,以此把握北京市新课改体现出来(de)学校、课堂、学生等有关方面(de)特点,从而探究北京市新课改取得成功(de)原因.比如第二段中,写了很多地方推行新课改后学生课业负担加重,有些地区新课改有头无尾等,这些例子从反面体现了北京市新课改(de)成就.答案：①深刻领会新课改(de)精神实质.北京市高中在课改方面能够深刻理解改革(de)实质,在不加大教学难度、学生(de)课业负担(de)情况下,提高了学生(de)知识水平和多方面(de)能力.一方面,强化学生自学能力(de)培养.“五步自主高效课堂”从独立完成“自学案”开始,到课堂(de)讨论、提问、完成“检测案”等都凸显了对学生自学能力(de)培养.另一方面,改变教师角色.教师不再满堂灌,而是把时间还给学生,让学生成为课堂(de)主体.②贵在坚持.北京市高中实行新课改已经有6年,坚持走课改(de)道路,不走形式,坚持实实在在(de)课堂改革.解析：选BD.A项,文章(de)主题是“市民暂时逃脱洪水和洪水就在眼前”,而不是“一方有难八方支援”.C项,“体现了作者(de)乐观推想”错,描写市民休息(de)内容主要表现了对市民(de)同情,且作者并没有推测明天洪水是否会退下去.E项,文章没有使用渲染(de)手法,都是通过客观(de)描写来表现灾区(de)情况.2．新闻中对万布林大街上一对老年夫妇(de)两段描写(de)具体作用是什么答案：①表现家园(de)美好,以此对比洪灾之后城市(de)糟糕情况.洪水到来之前那对夫妇春天般(de)庭院体现出一派安详(de)气氛,衬托出没有洪水时家园(de)美好,并以此对比,表现洪灾带来(de)损失.②凸显紧张气氛.中间插入洪水离他们只有一个街区并缓慢逼近(de)描写,营造出紧张(de)氛围.③表现了灾民对洪水即将到来(de)担心和无能为力.答案：(1)比喻(de)修辞手法.写洪灾中(de)人们对防洪堤(de)重视以及对防洪堤出现缺口(de)惧怕心理.(2)拟人(de)修辞手法.表现水势(de)凶猛和浩大,并暗示灾难可能再次到来.答案：(示例1)“梦境沉入洪水(de)暂安一夜”好.①概括了新闻(de)主要内容.这篇新闻主要描述了人们遭遇洪灾以及晚上入睡(de)情况.题目中“梦境”指灾民以及救灾人员在夜晚已经进入梦乡,而“沉入洪水”表明入睡(de)具体背景.②表现了灾民(de)精神状态.“暂安一夜”指灾民逃脱洪水后(de)暂时安定,虽然情况不容乐观,但最坏(de)事情已经过去了.③表现了对事件发展(de)预测.这是一起严重(de)自然灾害,因为天气(de)变幻无常,很难确定未来(de)情况,而题目中(de)“暂”表现了对现实情况(de)推测,今晚是安定(de),但明天如何不得而知,体现了作者对未来(de)忧虑.④表现了对灾民(de)同情.洪灾之后,作者希望灾民们能够暂时休息,并希望河水到达顶点后能退下去.大家都能安定地生活.(示例2)“洪水毁家园,灾民夜难眠”好.①涵盖了新闻(de)主要内容.这篇新闻报道了该地区灾民受灾(de)情况和灾民被安顿下来后(de)情况,这个题目比较全面地概括了这两个方面(de)内容.②形象地表现了灾民灾后(de)精神状态.洪水使灾民们失去了一切,他们虽然已经脱离危险,但毕竟情况不容乐观,仍担心明天河水到达顶点后是否能退下去等问题,所以即便睡着了,也是不安(de)睡眠.③表达了对灾民(de)强烈关心.新闻不仅报道了洪灾(de)相关情况,更主要(de)是表现了对灾民(de)关心.报道中灾民晚上休息(de)特定场景就体现出了这一点.④整齐,有文采.这个题目十分整齐,且“园”“眠”押韵,读起来朗朗上口,容易给读者留下深刻印象.解析：选CD.C项,“他自己(de)作品中一直有一种深沉(de)东西”中(de)“一直”不正确,原文是说“必须到我这个年龄”,才能写出那种深沉(de)东西.D项,“雄浑壮美,大气磅礴”是对高建群(de)散文西地平线上(de)评价,并不是对高建群所有散文(de)评价.答案：①高建群(de)作品有一种大气、厚重(de)特点；②从语言上看,高建群作品(de)语言有声有色,富有激情,充满活力；③从内容上看,高建群(de)作品将历史与现实两大空间融合在一起,善于表现人间(de)大喜大悲,像一部交响乐；④从格调上看,高建群(de)作品追求一种崇高感,充满了智慧.(意思对即可)答案：高建群认为作家写作时,一方面,要保持旁观者(de)姿态,要做生活(de)观察者,要有一种超脱功利(de)心态；另一方面,要在自己所塑造(de)人物形象身上倾注自己强烈(de)感情色彩.答案：(示例)①高建群(de)创作目标很明确,立志为中国文学写点东西.我们在学习和工作中也要像他一样,明确自己(de)目标,并为实现目标而努力.②高建群强调生活阅历对创作(de)重要作用,他有着丰富(de)生活经历,并不断地从生活中吸收营养.这告诉我们,生活是创作(de)源泉,我们要热爱生活,做生活中(de)有心人,从而不断提高我们(de)写作水平.③作为一个作家,高建群非常重视学习,他不断学习别人(de)长处,形成自己(de)风格.这启发我们在学习中要学会取别人之长,补自己之短.④高建群热爱写作,他“每次写作都动用了全身(de)力量”.这说明,兴趣是最好(de)老师,我们要想做好一件事,首先要对这件事充满兴趣.(观点明确,论述合理即可)。
公共英语二级阅读理解考试真题及答案
2016公共英语二级阅读理解考试真题及答案阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C.和D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Text 1The first time I heard the actual London Bridge was in Lake Havasu City, Arizona,I thought it was a joke. A stupid joke at that. I mean, what sort of moron would takea perfectly good, perfectly famous bridge and move it halfway around the world to some no-name town in northwest Arizona? Back in 1962 when all this started, Lake Havasu City was nothing. A couple of shops, a couple of homes, and no tourism at all.It turns out Robert McCulloch is the moron in question, and he wasn' t quite the moron I thought he was. His 2.45 million dollar investment( 投资 ) in the 130-year-old bridge--which the British government was selling because it was about to fall into the Thames (泰晤士河)--ended up being the investment of a lifetime. You see McCulloch was a real businessman, among other things, and his money paid off big. He turned Lake Havasu into one of the most visited tourist at- tractions in Arizona.It took nine long years to take down the bridge, ship it brick by brick to the middle of no- where, and build it up again. When it finally did open up in 1971, it was a huge deal covered by the international press.The bridge is now a popular tourist attraction, and there' s even a mini "English Village" at the foot of the bridge with souvenirs( 纪念品 ) and real British food so you can have a good old time.Nowadays Lake Havasu is a busy town with a population of about 56,000 citizens and another2.5 million visitors each year. Most of that is during spring break when the town overflows with energetic boys and girls. Even MTV and the Girls Gone Wild people get in on the action. All thanks to that little bridge.I don' t know about you, but I' m saving my pennies. When the French get sick of that Eiffel tower, I' ll be the first to put money on it. It' ll look great in my backyard.56. The underlined word "moron" in the first paragraph means________.A. a brave personB. a foolish personC. a famous personD. a strange person57. Why did the British government put the London Bridge up for sale?A. It polluted the Thames.B. It was no longer popular.C. It was going to fall down.D. It could bring them the needed money.58. What was Lake Havasu City like before 19627________.A. It was a good place for investment.B. It was known for its English Village.C. It was a small town with no tourism.D. It had a population of 56,000 citizens.59.In the last paragraph, the author tries to be________.A. politeB. friendlyC. practicalD. humorous参考译文第一次听说真正的伦敦塔桥是在美国的亚利桑那州的哈瓦索湖城，我认为这是一个笑话。
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PREPARING FOR SOLAR ECLIPSE「４６年ぶり皆既日食を前に勉強会」2009年05月11日(月)のニュースCAUTIOUS STANCE「スリランカの内戦、日本は安保理に慎重姿勢」2009年05月13日(水)のニュースAIRPORT SURVEILLANCE REMAINS TIGHT「新型インフルエンザ１６０人の応援で検疫」2009年05月11日(月)のニュースLotte fans step up to plate to keep Valentine「ロッテフゔン「来期もバレンタイン監督を」と署名運動※05月15日も同内容です。
」2009年04月07日(火)のニュース40 pass test to enter Takarazuka「夢の宝塚へ４０人が合格※05月14日も同内容です。
」2009年03月31日(火)のニュースVerdict in curry poisonings stands despite no direct evidence, motive「毒物カレー事件林被告の死刑確定※05月13日も同内容です。
」2009年04月22日(水)のニュースJobless Brazilians seek legal advice「失業した在日ブラジル人に法律相談※05月12日も同内容です。
」Ichiro sets new record Passes Harimoto with 3,086 hit「イチロー新記録樹立３,０８６本で張本さんの記録抜く※05月11日も同内容です。
」OBAMA'S GLOBAL WARMING PLEDGE「オバマ風力発電推進」2009年04月23日(木)のニュースPREPARING FOR SOLAR ECLIPSE「４６年ぶり皆既日食を前に勉強会」2009年05月11日(月)のニュースカテゴリ: 科学自然皆既日食（total eclipse）、部分日食（partial eclipse）など科学現象を英語で言えるようになるだけでも英会話の話題が豊富になります。
その際、「見える」（visible）、「観察する」（observe）、「天文学者」（astronomer）、「目を痛める」（damage eyesight）などの関連単語も覚えておくと便利です。
また、日食のようにたまにしか見ることができない事象（「まれな瞬間」、「～年ぶりに」）をどのように英語で表現するのかについても知っておくといいでしょう。
The first solar eclipse to be visible from Japan in 46 years is fast approaching.To prepare for the rare moment, about 400 novice astronomers attended a seminar in Tokyo on Sunday.The event was organized by the Solar Eclipse Information Center. The lectures included advice on how to observe the eclipse without damaging eyesight.The seminar was so crowded that some people couldn't find seats, an indication of the high level of interest among the public.The total eclipse will be observed on July 22nd in some parts of Asia. In the Tokara Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, it will last more than 6 minutes ―the longest anywhere on the globe this century. A partial eclipse will be visible in other parts of the country.日本で見ることができる皆既日食が４６年ぶりに近づいています。
このめったにない瞬間に備えるため、およそ４００人の天文ファンたちが日曜日に東京で開催されたセミナーに参加しました。
このイベントは、日食情報センターが主催したもので、勉強会では、目を痛めずに日食を観測する方法などが紹介されました。
セミナーには、立ち見が出るほど多くの人が集まり、関心の高さがうかがわれました。
皆既日食は７月２２日、アジアの一部で観測されます。
日本の南部、鹿児島県のトカラ列島では、皆既日食が６分あまり―今世紀、地球上で観測できる最長時間―続きます。
部分日食は、国内のほかの地域でも見ることができます。
solar eclipse 名日食visible 形目に見えるapproach 動近づくprepare for ... 熟（～に）備えるrare 形まれなnovice 名初心者、素人astronomer 名天文学者organize 動主催するobserve 動観測する観察するeyesight 名視覚、視力indication 名しるし、表れpublic 名国民一般total eclipse 名皆既日食last 動続くglobe 名地球partial eclipse 名部分日食キーワードlast 続く「ラスト」は「最後」という意味で使いますので、つい「（何かが）終わる」とイメージしてしまいがちです。
ところが動詞のlastは、「（何かが）続く」という意味で使われます。
lastの後には、a year やthirty yearsのように具体的な時間（期間）を示す単語を用いることもありますし、longなどを伴い、長続きする、長持ちする、のように使うこともあります。
ビジネスでも、日常会話でも非常によく使われる単語ですので、しっかり覚えておきましょう。
His career has lasted for more than thirty years.彼はその道に入って３０年以上になる。
I hope the hot weather doesn't last too long.あまりこの暑さが長く続いてほしくないなぁ。
That company won't last a year.あの会社は１年も持たないだろう。
How long will this last?これはいつまで続くんだろう？1 The first solar eclipse to be visible from Japan in 46 years is fast approaching.４６年ぶりに日本で見ることができる日食がもうすぐです。
解説solar eclipseは「日食」のことです。
The first ... in 46 yearsとは「この４６年の間で初めて」、つまり「４６年ぶりに」と解釈することができます。
approachは「近づく」という意味です。
2 To prepare for the rare moment, about 400 novice astronomers attended a seminar in Tokyo on Sunday.まれな瞬間に備えるため、約４００名の素人天文学者が日曜日、東京で開催されたセミナーに参加しました。
解説prepare for ... は「（～に）備える、準備する」という意味です。
novice astronomersは「素人」の「天文学者」、つまり「にわか天文学者」という意味です。
3 The event was organized by the Solar Eclipse Information Center.このイベントは、日食情報センターによって主催されました。
解説eventは「イベント、催し物」の意味で、２つ目のeにアクセントを置きます。
organizeは「主催する」ことです。
名詞形のorganizationは「組織」の意味でよく使われます。
4 The lectures included advice on how to observe the eclipse without damaging eyesight. 講義では、目を痛めないように日食を観測する方法などのアドバイスが含まれました。
解説lectureは「講義」のことです。
observeは「観測する、観察する」という意味です。
eyesight は「視覚、視力」です。
damage eyesightは、視力に悪影響がある、視力を損なう、つまり「目を痛める」ということです。
5 The seminar was so crowded that some people couldn't find seats, an indication of the high level of interest among the public.セミナーは大盛況で席がない人もおり、一般の関心の高さを示すといえます。
解説イベントが余りに盛況で、Some people couldn't find seats.つまり、座る席が見つからず、「立見がでた」ということになります。
indicationは「しるし」「表れ」「兆候」のことで、立見がでるほど多くの来場者があったことが一般の関心の高さを表している、という意味です。
6 The total eclipse will be observed on July 22nd in some parts of Asia.皆既日食は７月２２日、アジアの一部で観測できます。
解説total eclipseは「皆既日食」のことです。
on July 22ndのように特定の日を表すには前置詞onを使います。
7 In the Tokara Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, it will last more than 6 minutes ―the longest anywhere on the globe this century.日本の南部、鹿児島県のトカラ列島では、皆既日食が６分以上続き、今世紀の地球上における最長となります。
解説日本の地理を知らない人に、たとえば九州地方をどのように説明するのか困ることがあります。
そんなときには、southern Japan「日本の南部」と簡単に紹介できるでしょう。