英语语法基本知识——句子成分
英语语法--句子成分分析(13张)

Exercises:分析句子结构
1)I am a teacher and I touch the future. 2)He felt happy today. 3)You make my heart smile. 4)he likes playing football. 5)After he finished his homework, he went to school.
名,代,数,不定 式,动名词,短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
We like Tie Zhu
谓语
We like Tie Zhu
宾语
表语
表示动作行为的对象
与联系动词连用,一起构成谓 语,说明主语的性质或特征 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词,形容词,副词,表 示动作发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,方式等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
4)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. 注意:系动词不用于被动语态. 5)变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 。
系动词
1)状态系动词(be动词) 例如: I am a teacher. 2)持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如:The key to longevity is that one should keep his breath. 3)表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.
宾语 补足语
形容词,名词,不定 式,介词短语等
英语语法精讲——句子成份分析

第一讲英语的句子结构步骤一:句子结构的解析一、句子成分一个句子一般由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。
句子成分(members of the sentence)是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子由各个成分所构成。
1.主语主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme),是全句所述说的主体,一般置于句首。
可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1)名词作主语 e.g. A tree hasfallen across the road.2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.3) 数词作主语。
e.g. Three is enough.4)名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.5)副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.6)名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.8)动名词作主语 e.g. Smokingis bad for you.9)名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可叫作并列主语。
e.g. He and I are old friends.英语常用无人称的名词作主语。
英语语法-句子成分

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Coming here is like entering a fairyland. 到这里就像进入 仙境一样。 The building of this house this year is the big thing for me.
He likes dancing.
They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Students study. 学students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来
自农村。
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Six times five equals (is equal to , is, are , make 或 makes ) thirty. 六乘五等于三十。
情态动词 + 动词原形:如
1.
I can’t thank you enough. 我对你真感激不尽。(can’t
thank …. enough 对….感激不尽)
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都
爱他们的英语老师。
It was love at first sight for both of us. 我们俩一见钟情。 I love all of her. 我爱她的一切。 We are friends。 我们是朋友
今年修这座房子对我来说是大事。
Seeing is believing. (动名词) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对 你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
英语语法6之句子的成分和种类

(九)独立成分
与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系的词、短语或固定词组成为独立成分。
独立成分在句中用逗号跟其它成分隔开,它不能脱离句子而独立存在。根据其 表示的意义可分为三种: 1.感叹句—表示说话人的某种感情,长置于句首,有时也可放在句中或句末。 举例:Why,I’ve never seen anything like it. 2.呼语—直接称呼人的用语,用句首、句中或句末,以引起说话人的对方注意。 常用表示人的专有名词表示,也可用普通名词、代词、短语表示。 举例:Quick,boy,go for the tent! 3.插入语—即插入句中的词语或句子,表示说话人对说话内容的看法,态度或 附加的解释,位于句首、句中或句末。通常由副词(短语)、介词短语、不定 式短语,现在分词短语或分句表示。 举例:Most of them,sadly,we never discover. ①有时说完一句话后,如果想补充说明或解释上文,可用破折号引出插入语: 举例:Don't hurry—there is plenty of time.
(三)表语
和系动词一起构成谓语,是名词性复合谓 语的一部分。表示主语的身份、特征或状态, 位于系动词之后。可用作表语的由名词、形容 词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、从句等。 举例:Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
To live is to function. A man without a wife is half a man.
(二)谓语
表示主语的动作或状态,即说明主语“做什么”,“是什么” 或者“处于什么状态”。谓语通常放在主语之后。分为 1.简单谓语—由一个动词或短语动词表示,具有不同的时态、 语态或语气。 举例:Roring waves climb the distant rock.
英语语法 句子成分

英语语法句子成分英语语法句子成分句子的成分1.定义:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分。
句子成分意义例句主语表示句子所说的是'什么人'或'什么事物',一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Lucy is an American girl .We study in No.1 Middle School .谓语说明主语'做什么'、'是什么'或者'怎么样'。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。
谓语和主语在'人称'和'数'两方面必须一致We love China . / She is singing .Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?We were at home last night .句子成分意义例句宾语表示动词、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
He often helps me . / We study English at school.Did you see him yesterday ?定语用来修饰名词或代词。
作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
The black bike is mine. / What's your name,please ?We have four lessons in the morning ?状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
英语句子结构分析成分

英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
1. 主语:句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。
如:The cat caught a mouse.(猫抓住了一只老鼠。
)
2. 谓语:句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。
如:He is running.(他正在奔跑。
)
3. 宾语:句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。
如:She bought a book.(她买了一本书。
)
4. 定语:句子中修饰名词或代词的成分,用来描述、限定名词或代词。
如:I have a red car.(我有一辆红色的车。
)
5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分,用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。
如:He speaks English fluently.(他流利地讲
英语。
)
6. 补语:句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。
如:The soup tastes delicious.(这汤味道很好。
英语语法之句子成分

一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
句子成分详解表(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ()2. We often speak English in class. ()3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. ()4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ()5. Smoking does harm to the health. ()6. The rich should help the poor. ()7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ()8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. ()趁热打铁一.改错:1. Do exercise is good for your health.2. Eat much meat is bad for your health.二.指出下列句中主语的中心词:The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.三.找出下面句子的主语:1. It is a pleasure to talk to you.2. Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样,由动词充当。
英语语法基本知识——句子成分

句子成分不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。
英语的句子成分有7种,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补语。
它的构成方法与中文很象,中文分:主,谓,宾,定,状,补,六类,再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。
下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分:一.主语句子所要说明的人或者事物,是句子的主体,通常放与句首,一般不省略,可以担当主语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句。
下面依次举例:Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二.谓语动词说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分,一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词Actions speak louder than wordsThe chance may never come again.Tom was very sick at heart.Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994.注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词三.表语(现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中)是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它的位置在系动词之后。
可作表语的有名词,代词,形容词与分词,数词,动词不定式与动名词,介词短语,副词以及表语从句。
下面依次举例:My father is a professor.Who’ that? It’s me.Everything here is dear to her.The match became very exciting.The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hid your feelings.四.宾语宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。
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句子成分
不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。
英语的句子成分有7种,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补语。
它的构成方法与中文很象,中文分:主,谓,宾,定,状,补,六类,再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。
下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分:
一.主语
句子所要说明的人或者事物,是句子的主体,通常放与句首,一般不省略,可以担当主语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句。
下面依次举例:
Walls have ears.
He will take you to the hospital.
Three plus four equals seven.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
二.谓语动词
说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分,一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词
Actions speak louder than words
The chance may never come again.
Tom was very sick at heart.
Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994.
注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词
三.表语(现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中)
是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它的位置在系动词之后。
可作表语的有名词,代词,形容词与分词,数词,动词不定式与动名词,介词短语,副词以及表语从句。
下面依次举例:My father is a professor.
Who’ that? It’s me.
Everything here is dear to her.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hid your feelings.
四.宾语
宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。
宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
英语介词后也会跟宾
语。
可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词等,不定时式也可做及物动词的宾语。
下面依次举例:
She covered her face with her hands.
We haven’t seen her for a long time.
Do you mind opening the window?
Give me four please!
He wants to dream a nice dream.
We need to know what others are doing.
I lived in Japan in 1986.
五.定语
是修饰名词或代词的词,短语或从句。
作定语的有名词,形容词,数词,分词机器短语,不定式及其短语,介词短语以及定语从句等。
下面依次举例:
They are woman workers.
Tom’s father didn’t write home until yesterday.
Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.
The play has three acts.
This is her first trip to Europe.
China is a developing country.
You haven’t kept your promise to write us often.
My cat has a good nose for milk.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
六.状语
是修饰动词,形容词,副词等句子成分。
状语表示地点,时间,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,程度,方式,伴随情况等。
做状语的有副词,名词,介词短语,分词及其短语,动词不定式及其短语,状语从句等。
下面依次举例:
These products are selling quickly.
He is knee deep in snow.
The best fish swim near the bottom.
She sat there doing nothing.
We’ll send a car over to fetch you.
She was slow to make up her mind.
Strike while the iron is hot.
There is no such a word in English so far as I know.
七.宾语补足语和主语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除了要有宾语外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子意思完整。
如果上述结构变为被动语态句,原宾语变为主语,原宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
可以担当补语的有名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。
下面依次举例:
They elected me captain of the team.
He made me ashamed of myself.
We found everything there in good order.
I should advise you not to miss the chance.
I could feel my heart beating fast.
The price is expected to rise in the near future. Some goods are left unsold.
She was elected director of public relations.。