动词ing的被动形式
动词-ing 形式 非谓语动词,动名词,现在分词
动词-ing 形式动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。
如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。
如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。
如:It’s no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
二、动词-ing用作宾语1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。
动词-ing形式的时态和语态变化
动词-ing形式的时态和语态变化时态变化动词的-ing形式可以用来表示不同时态，包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
以下是动词-ing形式的时态变化：- 现在进行时：在动词的基本形式后面加-ing。
例如：- I am studying.（我正在研究。
）- They are playing football.（他们正在踢足球。
）- 过去进行时：在助动词"was"或"were"后面加-ing。
例如：- He was reading a book.（他当时正在读一本书。
）- We were watching a movie.（我们当时正在看电影。
）- 将来进行时：在将来时态的助动词"will be"或"shall be"后面加-ing。
例如：- She will be studying abroad next year.（她明年将去留学。
）- They shall be traveling to Europe in the summer.（他们将在夏天去欧洲旅行。
）语态变化动词的-ing形式还可以用来表示被动语态。
被动语态的构成是将助动词"be"加在动词的-ing形式之前。
以下是动词-ing形式的语态变化：- 现在进行时的被动语态：将"am/is/are"加在动词的-ing形式之前。
例如：- The car is being repaired.（这辆车正在被修理。
）- The house is being renovated.（这栋房子正在被翻新。
）- 过去进行时的被动语态：将"was/were"加在动词的-ing形式之前。
例如：- The cake was being baked when I arrived.（当我到达时，蛋糕正在被烘焙。
）- The bookshelves were being installed yesterday.（书架昨天正在被安装。
动词ing形式的用法
动词ing形式的用法动词的-ing 形式动词-ing形式有主动、被动两种形式，一般式和完成式。
说明：1. 动词-ing形式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语同时发生或稍后发生。
2. 动词-ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。
3. 动词-ing形式的被动形式being done, having been done表示正在被发生或已经被发生。
4. 动词-ing形式的否定形式：not doing/not having done/not being done/not having been done。
1、如何区别动名词和现在分词动名词和现在分词的构成相同，即动词原形ing。
那么，在使用的过程中如何区别它们呢？⒈用法不同动词除具有动词的特征外，还有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；而现在分词除具有动词的特征外，还具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语、补语等。
⒉区分方法：①如果-ing形式在句子中作状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。
如：She saw Jim playing with the cat.Having finished his homework,he went out to play.②如果-ing形式在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，那么它一定是动名词。
如：Smoking is harm to your body.I like swimming.His aim,going to college,will come true.③作定语的区分方法：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式有逻辑上的主谓关系，即都表示所修饰的人或物所发出的动作，那么它就是现在分词；如果没有，那么它就是动名词。
如：Do you like sleeping cars?(动名词）The sleeping girl is my little sister.（现在分词）④作表语的区分方法：如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，和主语的位置不能互换，那么ing形式就是现在分词；如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语互换位置，那么ing形式就是动名词。
动词 ing
6. The question being discussed now is very important.现在正在讨论的问题很重
要。
7. They went out of the classroom， talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出
教室。
8. Having been shown around the lab， we were taken to see the school library.在
Having been examined several times, he was told to be healthy.
5. I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.
I noticed some people being taken to the police station.
4. 否定形式: not +v-ing形式。
5. 在suggest, keep, allow, finish , enjoy, mind,
practice, avoid, admit, advise， consider, imagine, appreciate, escape等后不能用不定 式作宾语; 在forget , remember , regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词, 也可接不定式, 但 意义差别较大。如： I forgot seeing her.我忘记见过她。(以前见过)
有努力学习功课, 他考试不及格。
归纳总结 动词的-ing形式有以下特征： 1. 具有动词的特征, 有时态和语态的变化, 并可带状语、宾语等。当分词与其逻辑 主语有动宾关系时, 用__被__动__语态(如5, 6 和8)。
动词ing形式用法(1)
⑸ 条件状语 ：一般放在句首，其前可以加 if, unless等连词。
If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果玩一整天，你就会浪费了宝贵的时间。
动词ing形式用法
⑹ 让步状语 ：一般放在句首，常常由 although / though /even if 等连词引导 。
动词ing形式用法
区分：
My mother is cooking.
主语 谓语
（cooking 是 cook 的现在分词，表示状态，在这表示妈妈正 在做饭这个状态）
My job is playing all kinds of instruments.
主语 系词
表语
（playing 是动名词，表示我工作的性质、属性，并不是现在 正在演奏乐器。）
forbid, keep, finish , admit 等。
eg. I enjoy learning about new things. 我喜欢了解新事物。 You should practise speaking English every morning. 你应该每天早晨练习英语。
动词ing形式用法
动词ing形式用法
2. 作宾语
⑴ 作介词的宾语
eg. She is interested in working for our firm. 她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
动词ing形式用法
⑵ 部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语，例如： enjoy, practise, advise, suggest, mind,
一. 动词-ing形式的两个基本特点:表主动或者表进行
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行 eg： a falling leaf 正在飘落的树叶 试比较： a fallen leaf 已经落地的树叶
动词ing的被动语态
动词i n g的被动语态集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）动词i n g形式的被动结构动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
一、动名词的被动语态1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。
He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The radio needs repairing.＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。
(2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。
My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下二、现在分词的被动语态其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。
如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。
The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。
Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？注意：当分词所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或正在进行，则用being＋过去分词；当分词所表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been＋过去分词。
动词-ing形式表被动例析
动词-ing形式表被动例析动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词，它们都属于非谓语动词。
一般来说动词-ing形式表示主动意义，这一点我们不难理解。
可是在有些情况下动词-ing形式也可以表示被动意义，下面就-ing形式表被动总结如下：1、在want,need,require,demand,deserve等动词后面，用动词的-ing形式表被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式来表示，但一般情况下用-ing形式。
例：Li Ming can’t see the blackboard clearly. His eyes want testing ( = to be tested ).李明看不清黑板，他的眼睛需要测试一下了。
My T-shirt needs washing ( = to be washed ).我的T恤衫需要洗一洗了。
Those flowers require watering ( = to be required ). 那些花需要浇水。
2、在动词stand,bear后，动词的-ing形式与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，-ing的主动形式表被动意义。
stand多用于口语中，通常以否定形式出现。
bear也多用于口语中，通常与will,can,could连用，尤其是在否定句中。
例：The monitor can’t stand criticizing. 班长不能忍受批评。
Mary won’t bear thinking of.玛丽不堪被人想念。
His joke will bear repeating and is amusing enough to be heard again.他的笑话百听不厌。
3、某些动词的-ing形式表示被动意义，这种句子的主语通常情况下是物。
例：The jeans are washing easily. 这些牛仔裤容易清洗。
Those books are printing.那些书籍正在印刷。
英语语法动词-ing
• 注：下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语： • a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。 • When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents. • b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。 • Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem. • c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。 • We were about to leave when it began to rain.
6) 动词-ing作补语：
• ①动词-ing可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代 词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如： • I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. • Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. • ②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，动词 -ing可看成是主语补语。如： • We were kept waiting for quite a long time. • Lily was never heard singing that song again.
• 5. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing， 含义有所不同。如： • ①forget, remember, regret等如： • Do you remember seeing me before? 你记 得以前见过我吗？ • Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
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动词-ing形式的被动语态动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。
一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
That building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。
She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。
2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having bee invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。
I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。
二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。
三，动名词的被动形式1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。
Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health.长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。
The girl was annoyed by being left alone.让她一个人待着，这个女孩很恼火。
2.句法作用（1）作主语Being killed by sharks at that time was a common occurrence.那是被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Missing the target again made the coach annoyed.又脱靶了，这使得教练很恼火。
（2）作宾语V.-ing 的被动形式既可以作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。
I appreciate having been given the chance to achieve my target.我很感激给我这次实现目标的机会。
He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.人家那样开他的玩笑他受不了。
He did it without being asked. 没有谁让他做，是他自己做的。
I look forward to being invited to his wedding. 我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。
（3）作表语This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远远没有得到解决。
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
3.在want , need , require , deserve 等动词以及worth这个形容词后面，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，而当该动词为不及物动词时，后面应加上适当的介词。
Your hair is much too long . It needs cutting. 你的头发太长了，该减减了。
The problem of global warming deserves reflecting on. 全球变暖的问题值得仔细思考。
This problem requires studying with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究一下。
The picture is not worth looking at. 这幅画不值得一看。
四、现在分词的被动式如果现在分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，或者现在分词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，则应用现在分词的被动形式。
它可以在句中充当定语、宾语补足语和状语。
1.作定语The meeting being held in the meeting room is about improving entire staff working conditions. 在会议室里开的会师关于改善全体职员的工作条件的。
2.作宾语补足语You’ll find their affair being discussed everywhere.你会发现到处都在讨论他们的暧昧关系。
He often watches the boats being unloaded. 他常常看船卸货。
As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子时我们看到人们正在盖新房。
3.作状语Being asked to give a performance , she couldn’t very well refuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。
Being protected by a thick wall , they felt they were quite safe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。
学法点拨：A.如果现在分词的动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生，则用现在分词的完成被动式。
Having been bitten by the snakes for many times , he is now afraid of them.被蛇咬过几次之后，他现在非常怕蛇。
Having been given such a good chance , how could she let it slip away?人家给了她这样好的机会，她怎么能轻易放弃呢？B. 如果现在分词所表示的动作有自己独立的逻辑主语，就构成独立主格结构。
The decision having been made , the next problem was how to make a good plan.决定既已做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划了。
All the compositions having been written and collected , the teacher asked the students to go home. 作文都写完并收齐之后，老师就让学生回家了。
Weather permitting , we’ll go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
练习：1._____ in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl to be educatedB.The girl educatedC.The girl’s being educatedD.The girl was educated2.______ for two weeks , the village now is in short of food.A. To floodB. Having floodedC. Having been floodedD. Being flooded3.I want _______ my hair cut, because it wants _________.A. having; cuttingB. to have; cuttingC. to have; to cutD. having; to cut4._________ to the celebration can be a great honor for an ordinary person like him.A. InvitedB. InvitingC. Being invitedD. Having been invited5._________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show6.________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstoodB. Being misunderstoodC. Having misunderstoodD. Misunderstood7.I still remember _______ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.A. to be caught to playB. being caught playingC. catching playD. having caught playing8.It rained last night and the flowers don’t require______, so he _____ water the flowers.A.being watered; doesn’t need toB.watering; doesn’t need toC.to water; needn’tD.to be watered; needn’t to9.With more forest _______ , huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.A.being destroyed; are being washed awayB.destroyed; is being washed awayC.to be destroyed; are washing awayD.destroying; are washed away10.I appreciate _______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, which does good to my career.A.having been givenB.having givenC.to have been givenD.to be given11.Try to spend your time just on the things you find ________.A.worth doing themB.worth being doneC.worthy of doing themD.worthy of being done12.Everything _______ doing is worthy of ________ well.A.worthy; being doneB.worthy; doingC.worth;being doneD.worth;doing13._______ by the higher grade pupils, the small kid refused to go to school, which puzzled his mom a lot.A.Being threatenedB.Having been threateningC.To be threatenedD.Having been threatened14.My brother has always insisted on his _______ Tom instead of Tim.A.callingB.calledC.having calledD.being called15._______ by the whole class for what he did wrong, Tony finally cheered up.A.Being forgivenB.To forgiveC.Having forgivenD.Having been forgiven。