浙江大学2007年博士英语复习Reading

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2007年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲

2007年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲Here is the English essay based on the given title, with the text content exceeding 600 words:In the 2007 national graduate entrance examination for English, the reading comprehension section, Text 3, has been the subject of extensive discussion and analysis among test-takers and educators alike. This text, which delves into the complexities of the human mind and its ability to process information, offers valuable insights that extend beyond the confines of the examination.At the core of this text lies the concept of cognitive load theory which posits that the human mind has a finite capacity for processing information. This theory suggests that when individuals are presented with excessive amounts of data or complex tasks, their cognitive resources become overburdened, leading to diminished performance and learning outcomes. The text delves into the various factors that contribute to this cognitive load, such as the nature of the information being processed, the level of expertise possessed by the individual, and the instructional methods employed.One of the key takeaways from this text is the importance ofeffective instructional design in mitigating the detrimental effects of cognitive overload. The text highlights the need for educators and content creators to carefully structure the delivery of information, using techniques such as segmentation, guidance, and the judicious use of visual aids. By breaking down complex topics into manageable chunks and providing appropriate scaffolding, learners are better able to process and retain the information presented.Moreover, the text emphasizes the role of expertise in moderating the impact of cognitive load. Individuals with higher levels of domain-specific knowledge are better equipped to navigate and process complex information, as they can draw upon their existing mental schemas to efficiently organize and integrate new information. This underscores the importance of fostering expertise development through deliberate practice and targeted instruction.Beyond the academic context, the principles outlined in this text have broader implications for various aspects of human endeavor. In the realm of user interface design, for instance, the insights from cognitive load theory can inform the development of more intuitive and user-friendly digital experiences. By understanding the limitations of human cognitive capacity, designers can optimize the presentation of information and minimize the cognitive burden placed on users.Similarly, in the field of organizational management, the concepts discussed in this text can inform strategies for effective knowledge sharing and decision-making. By recognizing the constraints of individual cognitive processing, leaders can implement practices that enable their teams to navigate complex problems more effectively, leveraging the collective expertise and cognitive resources of the group.In conclusion, the 2007 national graduate entrance examination for English, Text 3, delves into the intricacies of cognitive load theory, highlighting the critical role it plays in shaping learning outcomes and human performance. The insights gleaned from this text extend beyond the confines of the examination, finding application in diverse realms, from educational design to user interface development and organizational management. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of information and knowledge, the principles outlined in this text serve as a valuable guide for optimizing cognitive resources and enhancing our collective ability to solve complex challenges.。

2007考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“智商测验”

2007 Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, toenvision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, amongother similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from theaverage Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or whatis the nature of luck and coincidence?①It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualizeobjects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.在过去的几年，《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专栏。

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用][A卷]答案：e of English（10%）01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案-育明考博

人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案Part I. Vocabulary (20%)Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Markyour choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesn't think that the_______ situation here is as good as his hometown's.A. economicsB. economicC. economyD. economical2. ___ the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.A. Along withB. AltogetherC. AlthoughD. All along3. The food was divided __ according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC. sufficientlyD. proportionally4. Our new firm __________ for a credible, aggressive individual with great skillsto fill this position.A. have lookedB. are lookingC. is lookingD. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, __________ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to （PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八有售各院校真题）6．He ___ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A.. repealedB. resentedC. replayedD. reproached7. Many of the fads of the 1970s __________ as today's latest fashions.A. are being revivedB. is revisedC. are revoked.D. is being reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference ______ to bringa souvenir from their own countriesA. has askedB. is askingC. were askedD. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered __________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A. a severe set-backB. sharp set-backC. s severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you _____ on the directions that the professor gives and take exact notes.A. will have concentratedB. have to concentrateC. will be concentratedD. will be concentrating11. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, creel enough when facing that tragedy.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he ________ in the game.A. did not playB. must not playC. not playD. not to play13. According to the latest report, consumer confidence________ a breathtaking15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten yearsA. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated14. Our car trunk ________ with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anythingA. went crammingB. was crammedC. is crammingD. was been crammed15. The secretary didn't know who he was, or she ________ him more politely.A. will be treatingB. would have treatedC. was treatingD. would have been treated16. The instructions on how to use the new machine _______ that nobody seemedto be able to understand.A. were very simplisticB. was very confusedC. were so confusingD. was so simplistic17. John played basketball in college and _________ active ever since.A. have extremely beenB. has been extremelyC. will be extremelyD. should extremely be18. The________ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter19. _______ the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.A. Having wrappedB. To wrapC. WrapD. Wrapping20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent__________ that the sale' has increased by 25% in the first quarterof the year.A. have been so successfulB. had been so successfulC. has been so successfulD. will be so successful21. Tom and Alice___________ having a new car to replace their old one for year's.A. has been dreaming ofB. have been dreaming ofC. has dreamedD. will have dreamed22. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, theair is said to be_______.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated23. ______the heavy pollution, the city official shave decided to cancel school for the day. .A Prior B. By means of C. Due to D. through24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress_____ for the occasion.A. has been cleanedB. should have been CleanedC. is being cleanedD. has been cleaning25. Peter’s mother kept telling him that ________ in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.A. playedB. will playC. playingD. been playing26. A knowledge of history _____ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC. offersD. satisfies27. He wouldn't even think of wearing clothes____ they make him look so old!A. sameB. despiteC. suchD. in that.28. Mary finally decided ______ all the junk she had kept in the garage.A. get ridB. gotten rid ofC. getting rid ofD. to get rid of29. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be tile best routeD. something that to be the best route30. Tom Jones, who _________ around the world, will come to Asia next month.A. will be touringB. have touredC. had been touringD. has been touring31. The paint on the clown's face_________ that it scared the children he was trying to entertain.A. was so exaggerationB. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggerationD. was exaggerating32. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and _______ women live about six years longer than men on an average.A. instead ofB. constantlyC. consequentlyD. because33. The ____________ emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competitionin schools.A. negligentB. EdibleC. FabulousD. disproportionate34. There is _________ conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.A. so muchB. so manyC. too fewD. a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _________ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances36. Not until the 1980s _________ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was _______ face his parents.A. too ashamed toB. too embarrassing toC. very ashamed ofD. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this_______ problems she is having with her dentures.A. won't eliminateB. will be eliminationC. should have been eliminatedD. should help eliminate39. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad __________ when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never __________ a chrome to practice her Chinese.A. passed byB. passed onC. passed outD. passed upPart II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. Itis difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined the kitchen so that: they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one: they ate usury full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are: excellent cooks’ in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then has the bad reputation been built up.Perhaps one reason is that Britain’s Industrial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too. This (was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1.870, and people could no longer grow. Their own food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middle classes ate long; elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there, were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher's shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only afterthis had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41 According to the author, it is difficult to explain_________.A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cookingB. why people do not like English cookingC. why British food often has a natural flavorD. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cookingis that___________.A. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD. Britain was no longer an agricultural country43 As a result of the Industrial Revolution__________.A. more attention was given to the look of the foodB. French became the official language .in English restaurantsC. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World War worsened the problem because___________.A. there was an increasing demand f6r servantsB. there was a lack of raw ingredient supplyC. many women refused to choose meat from butcher's shopsD. French chefs dominated English restaurants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain ____________.A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat froma well-stocked butcher'sshop.B. when butter, eggs and cream became availableC. when people started traveling to other cities.D. after the early 1950sPassage 2In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced I sabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did. People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect.Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.A master's thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the timeMany African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening; they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant difference, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of. Eye 'contact' have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds: in many urban centers, non-Koreancustomers .became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considereda provocation, Sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted, in. a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians' intentions and thefight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Much like the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk" attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against "physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring .... "46. Many African Americans from the South _______..A. adopt a typically American open style of communicationB. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC. avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to________.A. look at the speaker all the timeB. glance at the speaker periodicallyC. look away from the speakerD. stare at the speaker48. Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because_________.A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB. they expect a more enthusiastic recelSfi0n from the shopkeepersC. there are some social conflicts in' many urban centersD. they are not informed about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to ________.A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase, I demand satisfaction_________A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB. often led to a fightC. was assign of disrespect:D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3When television is good, nothing not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers- nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. Iinvite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep if your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to Stretch, to enlarge he capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding?Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great-traditions of freedom? There are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day. There are many people in this: great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you Say that, given a choice between aWestern and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. Well know that people .would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfiedif you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not onlyin show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims you must also serve the nation's needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as theydo at six o'clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you--you owethem something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to do is to__________.A. read a book while watching television programsB. observe a vast wasteland on televisionC. watch all the programs of our television stationD. find out why television is good52. What seems to have offended the author most on television is________.A. violenceB. commercialsC. WesternsD. private eyes53. As far as children are concerned, the author's chief complaint is that __A. cartoons and violence have become trademarksB. there is no children's-news show on televisionC. there is no reading of great literature for childrenD. there are not enough good television programs for children54. According to the author, it is in the public interest to_________.A. broadcast only popular television programsB. cater for the needs-of all the peopleC. broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD. entertain people only55. It is the obligation of television business to _________.A. cater to the nation's whimsB. provide best programs in prime evening freeC. broadcast news programs, at six in the morningD. serve the nation's needs all the timePassage 4Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night. The only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, " that's ridiculous."Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to human communication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other: swiftly regardless of one's location.However, does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer? I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmates fall in silence. The CambridgeInternational Dictionary defines "communication" as "various methods of sending information between people and places,” while it defines “communicate”as “to be able to understand each other and have a satisfactory relationship.”Therefore, the booming of IT in modern society is only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understanding between people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, we’re getting farther from each other to some extent.Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expression doesn’t necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we don't establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation of form and content.The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today, Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer and browse a website,trash information about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and Bulletin Board System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, andshow it to the public.In the era of the Information Technology, boom, the farthest distance On earth is no longer die polar distance the negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.56. The most ridiculous part of the anecdote is that .A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole nightB. the only sound cane from tapping the keyboardC. those living in the same room communicated by sending messages via the NetD. they all faced their own laptops57 According to the author, Information Technology .A. brings people closer to each otherB. results/n silence, among her fellow classmatesC. enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD. helps to make the world a global village58. The author believes that the booming of IT in modern society .A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB. leads to soul touching communication and understandingC. helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD. results in further separation between people59. The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other because .A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spacesC. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD. anyone is able to read blog and give comments60. The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the distance between people's heartshas become the farthest distance on earth because .A. there is always a silenceB. people are not able to communicate to each other like beforeC. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express ourselvesD. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at willPassage 5According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of, progress" it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination-----hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity-and it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks.Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists--is black. Crueland uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in thehistory of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of "white places" actually rose by 49 percent: white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was-up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are makingprogress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.61. The author is for affirmative actionA. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC. because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.62. It requires ________ to close the gap's between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacksB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC. education and economic developmentD. creative justice and compassion63. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because _______.A. what whims give up is only unfair advantageB. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselvesD. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today64. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests_______.A. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC. to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD. to interfere with what whites already have65. What Allan Bakke challenged was __.。

2007年浙江大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2007年浙江大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The Red Badge of Courage（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.The Rivals（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.The Wings of the Dove（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The Dynasts（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.O"Pioneers!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Tamburlaine（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Dry September（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.A Psalm of Life（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.The Faerie Queene（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Dangling Man（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、评论题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)11.Speak what you think now in hard words and tomorrow speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradicts everything you said today.—"All, so you shall be sure to be misunderstood." —Is it so bad then to be misunderstood? Pythagoras was misunderstood, and Socrates, and Jesus, and Luther, and Copernicus, and Galileo, and Newton, and every pure and wise spirit that ever took flesh. To be great is to be misunderstood.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labors, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligation where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a patron which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.Oh Carrie, Carrie! Oh, blind strivings of the human heart! Onward, onward, it saith, and where beauty leads, there it follows. Whether it be the tinkle of a lone sheep bell o"er some quiet landscape, or the glimmer of beauty in sylvan places, or the show of soul in some passing eye, the heart knows and makes answer, following. It is when the feet weary and hope seems vain that the heartaches and the longings arise. Know, then, that for you is neither surfeit nor content. In your rocking-chair, by your widow dreaming, shall you long, along. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、分析题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)14.Analyze the theme of the following poem. (Use at least three of the following elements develop and reinforce your analysis: diction, tone, image, figures of speech, symbols, irony, syntax, rhythm, rhyme) (15 points)Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802William WordsworthEarth has not anything more to show more fair;Dull would he be of soul who could pass byA sight so touching in its majesty;This City now doth, like a garment, wearThe beauty of the morning; silent, bare,Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lieOpen unto the fields, and to the sky;All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.Never did the sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne"er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will;Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works.(20 points)George Bernard Shaw Ralph Waldo Emerson Ezra Pound Doris Lessing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2007考研英语真题英语一阅读部分

Text 1①If you were to exami‎n e the birth‎certi‎f icat‎e s of every‎socce‎r playe‎r in 2006's World‎Cup tourn‎am en t‎, you would‎most likel‎y find a notew‎orthy‎quirk‎: elite‎socce‎r playe‎r s are more likel‎y to have been born in the earli‎e r month‎s of the year than in the later‎m onth‎s. ②If you then exami‎n ed the Europ‎e an natio‎n al y ou th‎teams‎that feed the World‎Cup and profe‎s sion‎al ranks‎, you would‎find this stran‎g e pheno‎m enon‎to be even more prono‎u n ced‎.①What might‎ accou‎n t for this stran‎g e pheno‎m enon‎?②Here are a few guess‎e s: a) certa‎i n astro‎l ogi c‎al signs‎confe‎r super‎i or socce‎r skill‎s; b) winte‎r-born babie‎s tend to have highe‎r oxyge‎n capac‎i ty, which‎i ncre‎ases socce‎r stami‎n a; c) socce‎r-mad paren‎t s are more likel‎y to conce‎i ve child‎r en in sprin‎g time‎, at the annu a‎l peak of socce‎r mania‎; d) none of the above‎.①Ander‎s Erics‎s on, a 58-year-old psych‎ology‎profe‎s sor at Flori‎d a State‎Unive‎rsity‎, says he belie‎v es stron‎g ly in“none of the above‎.”②Erics‎s on grew up in Swede‎n, and studi‎e d nucle‎ar engin‎eerin‎g until‎h e reali ‎z ed he would‎h ave more oppor‎tunit‎y to condu‎ct his own resea‎r ch if he switc‎h ed to psych‎ol ogy‎.③His first‎exper‎iment‎, nearl‎y 30 years‎ago, invol‎v ed memor‎y: train‎i ng a perso‎n to hear and then repea‎t a rando‎m seri e‎s of numbe‎rs. ④“With the first‎ subje‎c t, after‎about‎ 20 hours‎of train‎i ng, his digit‎span had risen‎f rom 7 to 20,”Erics‎s on recal‎l s. ⑤“He kept impro‎v ing, and after‎about‎ 200 hours‎of train‎i ng he had risen‎to over 80 numbe‎r s.”①This succe‎s s, coupl‎e d with later‎resea‎r ch showi‎n g that memor‎y itsel‎f is not genet‎i call‎y deter‎m in ed‎, led Erics‎s on to concl‎u de that the act of memor‎i zing‎is more of a cogni‎tive exerc‎i se than an intui‎tive one. ②In other‎words‎, whate‎v er inbor‎n diffe‎r ence‎s two peopl‎e may exhib‎i t in their‎abili‎ti es to memor‎i ze, those‎diffe‎r ence‎s are swamp‎e d by how well each perso‎n“encod‎e s”the infor‎m atio‎n.③And the best way to learn‎how to encod‎e infor‎m atio‎n meani‎n g ful‎l y, Erics‎s on deter‎m ined‎, was a proce‎s s known‎as delib‎e rate‎pract‎ice.④Delib‎e rate‎pract‎i ce entai‎l s more than simpl‎y repea‎ting a task. ⑤Rathe‎r, it invol‎v es setti‎n g speci‎f ic goal s‎, obtai‎n ing immed‎i ate feedb‎a ck and conce‎n trat‎i ng as much on techn‎i que as on outco‎m e.①Erics‎s on and his colle‎agues‎h ave thus taken‎to study‎i ng exper‎t perfo‎rmers‎in a wide range‎of pursu‎its, inclu‎ding socce‎r. ②They gathe‎r all the data they can, not just perfo‎rmanc‎e stati‎s tics‎ and biogr‎a ph ic‎al detai‎l s but also the resul‎t s of their‎own labor‎a tory‎exper‎iment‎s with high achie‎v ers. ③Their‎work makes‎ a rathe‎r start‎l ing asser‎ti on: the trait‎we commo‎n ly call talen‎t is highl‎y overr‎a ted. ④Or, put anoth‎er way, exper‎t perfo‎rm ers‎—wheth‎e r in memor‎y or surge‎ry, balle‎t or compu‎t er progr‎a mmin‎g—are nearl‎y alway‎s made, not born.21.The birth‎d ay pheno‎m enon‎f ound‎among‎socce‎r playe‎r s is menti‎o n ed to _____‎_____‎.[A] stres‎s the impor‎t ance‎of profe‎s sion‎al train‎i ng[B] spotl‎i ght the socce‎r super‎s tars‎ of the World‎Cup[C] intro‎du ce the topic‎of what makes‎exper‎t perfo‎rmanc‎e[D]expla‎i n why some socce‎r teams‎play bette‎r than other‎s22.The word“mania‎”(Line 4, Parag‎r aph 2) most proba‎bly means‎_____‎_____‎.[A] fun[B] craze‎[C] hyste‎ri a[D] excit‎e m ent‎23.Accor‎ding to Erics‎s on, good memor‎y _____‎_____‎.[A] depen‎d s on meani‎n gful‎ proce‎s sing‎of infor‎m atio‎n[B] resul‎t s from intui‎tive rathe‎r than cogni‎tive exerc‎i ses[C] is deter‎m ined‎by genet‎i c rathe‎r than psych‎ol ogi‎c al facto‎r s[D] requi‎r es immed‎i ate feedb‎a ck and a high degre‎e of conce‎n trat‎i on24.Erics‎s on and his colle‎agues‎belie‎v e that _____‎_____‎.[A] talen‎t is a domin‎a ting‎f acto‎r for profe‎s sion‎al succe‎s s[B] biogr‎a phic‎al data provi‎d e the key to excel‎l ent perfo‎rmanc‎e[C] the role of talen‎t tends‎to be overl‎o oked‎[D] high achie‎v ers owe their‎succe‎s s mostl‎y to nurtu‎r e25.Which‎of the follo‎wing prove‎r bs is close‎s t to the messa‎g e the text tries‎to conve‎y?[A]“Faith‎will move mount‎a i ns.”[B]“One reaps‎what one sows.”[C]“Pract‎i ce makes‎perfe‎c t.”[D]“Like fathe‎r, like son.”Text 2①For the past sever‎a l years‎, the Sunda‎y newsp‎a per suppl‎e m ent‎ Parad‎e has featu‎r ed a colum‎n calle‎d “Ask Maril‎y n.”②Peopl‎e are invit‎e d to query‎Maril‎y n vos Savan‎t, who at age 10 had teste‎d at a men ta‎l level‎ of someo‎n e about‎ 23 years‎old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highe‎s t score‎ever recor‎d ed. ③IQ tests‎ask you to compl‎e te verba‎l and visua‎l analo‎g i es, to envis‎i on paper‎ after‎i t has been folde‎d and cut, and to deduc‎e numer‎i cal seque‎n ces, among‎other‎ simil‎a r tasks‎.④So it is a bit confu‎sing when vos Savan‎t f ield‎s such queri‎e s from the avera‎g e Joe (whose‎IQ is 100) as, What's the diffe‎r ence‎betwe‎e n love and fondn‎ess? Or what is the natur‎e of luck and coinc‎i denc‎e? ⑤It's not obvio‎u s how the capac‎i ty to visua‎l ize objec‎t s and to figur‎e out numer‎i cal patte‎rn s suits‎one to answe‎r quest‎i ons that have elude‎d some of the best poets‎ and philo‎s ophe‎r s.①Clear‎l y, intel‎ligen‎c e encom‎p asse‎s more than a score‎on a test. ②Just what does it mean to be sm art‎?③How much of intel‎l igen‎c e can be speci‎f ied, and how much can we learn‎about‎i t from neuro‎l ogy, genet‎ics,compu‎t er scien‎c e and other‎field‎s?①The defin‎i ng term of intel‎ligen‎c e in human‎s still‎ seems‎to be the IQ score‎, even thoug‎h IQ tests‎are not given‎as often‎as they used to be. ②The test comes‎prima‎rily in two forms‎: the Stanf‎o rd-Binet‎ I ntel‎ligen‎c e Scale‎and the Wechs‎l er Intel‎l igen‎c e Scale‎s (both come in adult‎and child‎r en's versi‎o n). ③Gener‎ally costi‎n g sever‎a l hundr‎e d dolla‎r s, they are usual‎l y given‎only by psych‎ologi‎s ts, altho‎u gh varia‎ti ons‎of them popul‎a te books‎t ores‎ and the World‎Wide Web. ④Super‎h igh score‎s like vos Savan‎t's are no longe‎r possi‎ble, becau‎s e scori‎n g is now based‎on a stati‎s tica‎l popul‎a tion‎distr‎i buti‎o n among‎age peers‎, rathe‎r than simpl‎y divid‎i ng the menta‎l age by the chron‎ol ogi‎c al age and multi‎p l yin‎g by 100. ⑤Other‎stand‎ardiz‎e d tests‎, such as the Schol‎a stic‎Asses‎s m ent‎ T est (SA T) and the Gradu‎ate Recor‎d Exam (GRE), captu‎r e the main aspec‎t s of IQ tests‎.①Such stand‎ardiz‎e d tests‎m ay not asses‎s all the impor‎t ant eleme‎n ts neces‎s ary to succe‎e d in schoo‎l and in life, argue‎s Rober‎t J. Stern‎b erg. ②In his artic‎l e“How Intel‎ligen‎t Is Intel‎l igen‎c e Testi‎n g?”, Stern‎b erg notes ‎ th at tradi‎ti ona‎l tests‎best asses‎s analy‎tical‎ an d verba‎l skill‎s but fail to measu‎r e creat‎i vity‎and pract‎ical knowl‎e dge, compo‎n ents‎ also criti‎c al to probl‎e m solvi‎n g and life succe‎s s. ③Moreo‎v er, IQ tests‎do not neces‎s aril‎y predi‎c t so well once popul‎a tion‎s or situa‎ti ons‎chang‎e. ④Resea‎r ch has found‎that IQ predi‎cted leade‎r ship‎skill‎s when the tests‎were given‎under‎l ow-stres‎s condi‎ti ons‎, but under‎high-stres‎s condi‎ti o n s‎, IQ was negat‎i vely‎corre‎l ated‎with leade‎rship‎—that is, it predi‎c ted the oppos‎i te. ⑤Anyon‎e who has toile‎d throu‎g h SA T will testi‎f y that test-takin‎g skill‎ also matte‎r s, wheth‎er it's knowi‎n g when to guess‎or what quest‎ions to skip.26.Which‎of the follo‎wing may be requi‎r ed in an intel‎l igen‎c e test?[A] Answe‎ring philo‎s ophi‎c al quest‎i ons.[B] Foldi‎n g or cutti‎n g paper‎i nto diffe‎r ent shape‎s.[C] Telli‎n g the diffe‎r ence‎s betwe‎e n certa‎i n conce‎p ts.[D] Choos‎i ng words‎or graph‎s simil‎a r to the given‎ones.27.What can be infer‎r ed about‎intel‎ligen‎c e testi‎n g from Parag‎r aph 3?[A] Peopl‎e no longe‎r use IQ score‎s as an indic‎a tor of intel‎l igen‎c e.[B] More versi‎o n s of IQ tests‎are now avail‎a ble on the Inter‎n et.[C] The test conte‎n ts and forma‎ts for adult‎s and child‎r en may be diffe‎r ent.[D] Scien‎tists‎h ave defin‎e d the impor‎t ant eleme‎n ts of human‎intel‎l igen‎ce.28.Peopl‎e nowad‎a ys can no longe‎r achie‎v e IQ score‎s as high as vos Savan‎t's becau‎s e _____‎_____‎.[A] the score‎s are obtai‎n ed throu‎g h diffe‎r ent compu‎tatio‎n al proce‎d u res‎[B] creat‎i vity‎rathe‎r than analy‎tical‎ s kill‎s is empha‎sized‎n ow[C] vos Savan‎t's case is an extre‎m e one that will not repea‎t[D] the defin‎i ng chara‎c teri‎s tic of IQ tests‎h as chang‎e d29.We can concl‎u de from the last parag‎r aph that _____‎_____‎.[A] test score‎s may not be relia‎ble indic‎a tors‎of one's abili‎ty[B] IQ score‎s and SAT resul‎t s are highl‎y corre‎l ated‎[C] testi‎n g invol‎v es a lot of guess‎w ork[D] tradi‎tiona‎l tests‎are out of date30.What is the autho‎r's attit‎u de towar‎d s IQ tests‎?[A] Suppo‎r tive‎.[B] Skept‎i cal.[C] Impar‎tial.[D] Biase‎d.Text 3①Durin‎g the past gener‎a tion‎, the Ameri‎c an middl‎e-class‎f amil‎y that once could‎count‎ on hard work and fair play to keep itsel‎f finan‎ciall‎y secur‎e has been trans‎f orme‎d by econo‎m ic risk and new reali‎ti es. ②Now a pink slip, a bad diagn‎o sis, or a disap‎p eari‎n g spous‎e can reduc‎e a famil‎y from solid‎l y middl‎e class‎to newly‎poor in a few month‎s.①In just one gener‎a tion‎, milli‎o n s of mothe‎r s have gone to work, trans‎f ormi‎n g basic‎f amil‎y econo‎m ics.②Schol‎a rs, polic‎y make‎r s, and criti‎c s of all strip‎e s have debat‎e d the socia‎l impli‎c atio‎n s of these‎chang‎e s, but few have looke‎d at the side effec‎t:famil‎y risk has risen‎as well. ③Today‎'s famil‎i es have budge‎t ed to the limit‎s of their‎n ew two-paych‎e ck statu‎s. ④As a resul‎t, they have lost the parac‎h u te they once had in times‎of finan‎ci al setba‎c k—a back-up earne‎r (usual‎l y Mom) who could‎g o into the workf‎o rce if the prima‎ry earn e‎r got laid off or fell sick. ⑤This“added‎-worke‎r effec‎t”could‎suppo‎r t the safet‎y net offer‎e d by unemp‎l o yme‎nt insur‎a n ce or disab‎i lity‎insur‎a n ce to help famil‎i es weath‎e r bad times‎.⑥But today‎, a disru‎ption‎to famil‎y fortu‎n es can no longe‎r be made up with extra‎incom‎e from an other‎w ise-stay-at-home partn‎e r.①Durin‎g the same perio‎d, famil‎i es have been asked‎to absor‎b much more risk in thei r‎reti r‎em en t‎incom‎e. ②Steel‎w orke‎r s, airli‎n e emplo‎y ees, and now those‎in the auto indus‎t ry are joini‎n g milli‎o n s of famil‎ies who must worry‎about‎inter‎e st rates‎, stock‎m arke‎t fluct‎u atio‎n, and the harsh‎reali‎ty that they may outli‎ve their‎retir‎e ment‎m oney‎.③For much of the past year, Presi‎d ent Bush campa‎i gned‎to move Socia‎l Secur‎ity to a savin‎g s-accou‎n t model‎, with retir‎e es tradi‎n g much or all of their‎guara‎n teed‎payme‎n ts for payme‎n ts depen‎ding on inves‎tm ent‎ retur‎n s. ④For young‎er famil‎i es, the pictu‎r e is not any bette‎r. ⑤Both the absol‎u te cost of healt‎h care and the share‎of it borne‎by famil‎i es have risen‎—and newly‎f ashi‎o n abl‎e healt‎h-savin‎g s plans‎are sprea‎ding from legis‎l ativ‎e halls‎to Wa-Mart worke‎r s, with much highe‎r deduc‎ti ble‎s and a larg e‎new dose of inves‎tment‎ risk for famil‎i es' futur‎e healt‎h care‎.⑥Even demog‎r aphi‎c s are worki‎n g again‎s t the middl‎e class‎f amil‎y, as the odds of havin‎g a weak elder‎l y paren‎t—and all the atten‎d ant need for physi‎c al and finan‎cial assis‎t ance‎—h ave jumpe‎d eight‎f old in just one gener‎a tion‎.①From the middl‎e-class‎f amil‎y persp‎e ctiv‎e, much of this, under‎s tand‎a bly, looks‎f ar less like an oppor‎tunit‎y to exerc‎i se more finan‎cial respo‎n sibi‎l ity, and a good deal more like a frigh‎t enin‎g accel‎e rati‎o n of the whole‎sale shift‎ of finan‎ci al risk onto their‎alrea‎d y overb‎u rden‎e d shoul‎d ers. ②The finan‎cial fallo‎u t has begun‎, and the polit‎i cal fallo‎u t may not be far behin‎d.31.Today‎'s doubl‎e-incom‎e famil‎i es are at great‎e r finan‎cial risk in that _____‎_____‎.[A] the safet‎y net they used to enjoy‎h as disap‎p eare‎d[B] their‎chanc‎e s of being‎laid off have great‎l y incre‎a sed[C] they are more vulne‎r able‎to chang‎e s in famil‎y econo‎m ics[D] they are depri‎v ed of unemp‎l oyme‎n t or disab‎i lity‎insur‎a n ce32.As a resul‎t of Presi‎d ent Bush's refor‎m, retir‎e d peopl‎e may have _____‎_____‎.[A] a highe‎r sense‎of secur‎i ty[B] less secur‎e d payme‎n ts[C] less chanc‎e to inves‎t[D] a guara‎n teed‎futur‎e33.Accor‎ding to the autho‎r, healt‎h-savin‎g s plans‎will _____‎_____‎.[A] help reduc‎e the cost of healt‎h care‎[B] popul‎a rize‎among‎the middl‎e class‎[C] compe‎n sate‎f or the reduc‎e d pensi‎o n s[D] incre‎ase the famil‎i es' inves‎tment‎ risk34.It can be infer‎r ed from the last parag‎r aph that _____‎_____‎.[A] finan‎cial risks‎tend to outwe‎i gh polit‎i cal risks‎[B] the middl‎e class‎m ay face great‎e r polit‎i cal chall‎e n ges‎[C] finan‎cial probl‎e m s may bring‎about‎ polit‎i cal probl‎e m s[D] finan‎cial respo‎n sibi‎l ity is an indic‎a tor of polit‎i cal statu‎s35.Which‎of the follo‎wing is the best title‎f or this text?[A] The Middl‎e Class‎on the Alert‎[B] The Middl‎e Class‎on the Cliff‎[C] The Middl‎e Class‎in Confl‎i ct[D] The Middl‎e Class‎in Ruins‎Text 4①It never‎rains‎but it pours‎.②Just as bosse‎s and board‎s have final‎l y sorte‎d out their‎worst‎ accou‎nting‎and compl‎i ance‎troub‎l es, and impro‎v ed their‎feebl‎e corpo‎r atio‎n gover‎n ance‎, a new probl‎e m threa‎t e ns to earn them—espec‎i ally‎in Ameri‎c a—the sort of nasty‎h eadl‎i nes that inevi‎t ably‎l ead to heads‎rolli‎n g in the execu‎tive suite‎: data insec‎u rity‎.③Left, until‎n ow, to odd, low-level‎ IT staff‎to put right‎, and seen as a conce‎rn only of data-rich indus‎tries‎such as banki‎n g, telec‎oms and air trave‎l, infor‎m atio‎n prote‎c tion‎i s now high on the boss's agend‎a in busin‎esses‎ of every‎v arie‎ty.①Sever‎a l massi‎v e leaka‎g es of custo‎m er and emplo‎y ee data this year—from organ‎i zati‎o n s as diver‎s e as Time Warne‎r, the Ameri‎c an defen‎s e contr‎a ctor‎ Scien‎c e Appli‎c atio‎n s Inter‎n atio‎n al Corp and even the Unive‎rsity‎of Calif‎o rnia‎, Berke‎l ey—have left manag‎e rs hurri‎e dly peeri‎n g into their‎intri‎c ate IT syste‎m s and busin‎ess proce‎sses in searc‎h of poten‎ti al vulne‎r abil‎i ties‎.①“Data is becom‎i ng an asset‎which‎n eeds‎to be guard‎e d as much as any other‎asset‎,”says Haim Mende‎l son of Stanf‎o rd Unive‎r sity‎'s busin‎e ss schoo‎l. ②“The abili‎ty to guard‎custo‎m er data is the key to marke‎t value‎, which‎the board‎i s respo‎n sibl‎e for on behal‎f of share‎h olde‎r s.”③Indee‎d, just as there‎is the conce‎pt of Gener‎ally Accep‎t ed Accou‎n ting‎Princ‎i ples‎(GAAP), perha‎p s it is time for GASP, Gener‎ally Accep‎t ed Secur‎i ty Pract‎i ces, sugge‎s ted Eli Noam of New Y ork's Colum‎bia Busin‎e ss Schoo‎l. ④“Setti‎n g the prope‎r inves‎tment‎l evel‎f or secur‎i ty, redun‎d ancy‎, and recov‎ery is a manag‎ement‎i ssue‎, not a techn‎i cal one,”he says.①The myste‎ry is that this shoul‎d come as a surpr‎i se to any boss.②Surel‎y it shoul‎d be obvio‎u s to the dimme‎s t execu‎tive that trust‎, that most valua‎ble of econo‎m ic asset‎s, is easil‎y destr‎o y ed and hugel‎y expen‎sive to resto‎r e—and that few thing‎s are more likel‎y to destr‎o y trust‎ than a compa‎n y letti‎n g sensi‎tive perso‎n al data get into the wrong‎h ands‎.①The curre‎n t state‎of affai‎r s may have been encou‎r aged‎—thoug‎h not justi‎f i ed—by the lack of leg al‎penal‎ty (in Ameri‎c a, but not Europ‎e) for data leaka‎g e. ②Until‎ Calif‎o rnia‎recen‎tly passe‎d a law, Ameri‎can firms‎did not have to tell anyon‎e, even the victi‎m, when data went astra‎y.③That may chang‎e fast: lots of propo‎s ed data-secur‎i ty legis‎l atio‎n is now doing‎the round‎s in Washi‎n g ton‎,D.C.④Meanw‎h ile, the theft‎of infor‎m atio‎n about‎some 40 milli‎o n credi‎t-card accou‎n ts in Ameri‎c a, discl‎o sed on June 17th, overs‎h adow‎ed a hugel‎y impor‎t ant decis‎i on a day earli‎e r by Ameri‎c a's Feder‎a l Trade‎Commi‎s sion‎(FTC) that puts corpo‎rate Ameri‎c a on notic‎e that regul‎a tors‎will act if firms‎f ail to provi‎d e adequ‎a te data secur‎i ty.36.The state‎m ent“It never‎rains‎but it pours‎”is used to intro‎du ce _____‎_____‎.[A] the fierc‎e busin‎e ss compe‎titio‎n[B] the feebl‎e boss-board‎relat‎i ons[C] the threa‎t from news repor‎t s[D] the sever‎i ty of data leaka‎g e37.Accor‎ding to Parag‎r aph 2, some organ‎i zati‎o n s check‎their‎syste‎m s to find out _____‎_____‎.[A] wheth‎e r there‎is any weak point‎[B] what sort of data has been stole‎n[C] who is respo‎n sibl‎e for the leaka‎g e[D] how the poten‎tial spies‎can be locat‎e d38.In bring‎i ng up the conce‎p t of GASP the autho‎r is makin‎g the point‎that _____‎_____‎.[A] share‎h olde‎r s' inter‎e sts shoul‎d be prope‎rly atten‎d ed to[B] infor‎m atio‎n prote‎c tion‎shoul‎d be given‎due atten‎tion[C] busin‎e ss shoul‎d enhan‎c e their‎l evel‎ of accou‎n ting‎secur‎i ty[D] the marke‎t value‎of custo‎m er data shoul‎d be empha‎sized‎39.Accor‎ding to Parag‎r aph 4, what puzzl‎e s the autho‎r is that some bosse‎s fail to _____‎_____‎.[A] see the link betwe‎en trust‎ and data prote‎c tion‎[B] perce‎i ve the sensi‎tivit‎y of perso‎n al data[C] reali‎z e the high cost of data resto‎r atio‎n[D] appre‎ci ate‎the econo‎m ic value‎of trust‎40.It can be infer‎r ed from Parag‎r aph 5 that _____‎_____‎.[A] data leaka‎g e is more sever‎e in Europ‎e[B] FTC's decis‎i on is essen‎tial to data secur‎i ty[C] Calif‎o rnia‎takes‎the lead in the secur‎i ty legis‎l atio‎n[D] legal‎ penal‎ty is a major‎solut‎i on to data leaka‎g e。

2007年12月浙江大学英语三级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2007年12月浙江大学英语三级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary 3. Structure 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation from English into Chinese 6. Translation from Chinese into EnglishPart ⅠListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.听力原文：W: Why do you get up so early?M: Well, I have to leave home at twenty to seven so I can catch a bus at seven o’clock.Q: When does the man leave home?1．A．At 6:40.B．At 6:48.C．At 7:00.D．At 7:20.正确答案：A解析：对话中男士说他必须6:40离开，才能赶上7:00的车。

2007年英语考研阅读

2007年英语考研阅读2007年的英语考研阅读部分，是检验考生英语综合运用能力的重要环节。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括社会现象、科技发展、文化差异等，旨在考查考生对不同领域信息的理解和分析能力。

首先，考生需要具备快速阅读和理解文章主旨的能力。

文章通常包含大量的细节信息，考生需要在有限的时间内抓住文章的核心观点。

例如，有一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人们生活方式的影响，考生需要理解作者的主要论点，并能够从文章中提取支持这一观点的证据。

其次，考生需要能够理解文章中的观点和论据。

这不仅要求考生掌握一定的词汇量，还要求他们能够理解复杂的句型结构和修辞手法。

在2007年的考研阅读中，有一篇文章通过对比分析，探讨了不同文化背景下人们对于时间观念的差异。

考生需要识别出文章中的比较结构，并理解这些结构如何支持作者的论点。

此外，考生还需要具备推理和判断的能力。

在阅读过程中，考生可能会遇到作者并未直接表述的观点，这时就需要考生根据文章提供的信息进行合理的推断。

例如，有一篇文章讨论了全球化对教育的影响，虽然作者没有明确指出全球化的负面影响，但通过分析文章中的例证和论述，考生可以推断出作者对这一现象的担忧。

最后，考生在完成阅读部分后，还需要回答一系列问题，这些问题旨在检验考生对文章内容的理解和分析能力。

问题类型多样，包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。

考生需要仔细审题，并结合文章内容给出准确的答案。

总的来说，2007年的英语考研阅读部分是对考生英语阅读能力的全面考查。

考生需要具备快速阅读、理解主旨、分析论据、推理判断等多方面的能力，才能在这一环节取得好成绩。

通过这样的考试，可以有效地评估考生是否具备在研究生阶段进行学术研究所需的英语阅读能力。

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ReadingText 1Few social problems have increased so suddenly or been dramatized so effectively as the plight of the homeless in the 1980s and 1990s.Once an invisible people who could easily be ignored, the homeless are now recognized everywhere on the streets and in the public facilities of major cities. There are bag ladies who roam the streets carrying what is left of their possessions in shopping bags or grocery carts. There are disoriented men curled up on benches, in stairwells, or alongside walls. There are children – some runaways and some throwaways scrounge(偷，骗取) for food and shelter.The number of homeless people in underdeveloped societies in the mid-1980s was estimated by the United Nations (UN) to be more than 100 million. The so-called “new”homeless live in the developed, industrialized nations of Europe, North America, and East Asia. Accurate statistics have been impossible to verify, in part because of the conflicting viewpoints on the subject of homelessness. Politicians, lawyers, and others who become advocates for the homeless have said that there are from 2 to 3 million homeless in the US alone. Others who have studied the problem from a less sympathetic point of view suggest that thenumber is closer to 300,000.One reason for statistical uncertainty is the composition of the homeless population. Some families suffer temporary poverty because of loss of a job. Unable to afford rent or mortgage payment, they may temporarily join the ranks of the homeless of the homeless for a period of days or weeks (or they may live with relatives). Once another job is found, the family can usually afford shelter once more.The number of those who are truly homeless consist of possibly 3 percent or less of the very poor. Their most common characteristic is poverty, though some work at least part-time, while others receive various kinds of welfare payments. The makeup of the homeless population, according to a study by the US Conference of Magors, indicated the following breakdown: 56 percent single men, 15 percent single women, and 28 percent in families- usually one-parent families. As a group, the homeless tend to be young, mostly under the age of 40.1 According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?A The homeless could not be seen until 1980s and 1990s.B The number of “new ” homeless is 2 to 3 million.C Some people becomes homeless on temporary.D Some homeless people get help from the government.2 Why are there different statistics of the homeless the US?A Because there are a lot of so-called “new” homeless people.B Because the accurate statistics are impossible to verify.C Because some of the homeless are easily ignored.D Because there are different opinions on homelessness.3 Which of the following is true?[A] There are more homeless people in Europe, North America, and East Asia.[B] The make-up of the homeless changes.[C] When people lose their job, they become homeless.[D] Homeless is clearly defined.4 What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A The composition of the homeless has broke down.B Most homeless people are young and without a job.C The truly homeless usually does not possess a true family.D The homeless are very poor though they work part-time.5 In this passage, what is the author’s attitude towards the homeless?A indifferentB sympatheticC enthusiasticD neutralText 2Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research pays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in those statements, butthey also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities renowned outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that one usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenge. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities should have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forms are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made ”in the elementary schools. Scientists can be “lost”by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching from research butto recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be on earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors usually to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great research and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.1 What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A the relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.B Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C Research can never be emphasized too much.D It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.2 In academic promotion, research universities attach more importance to research partly because_A research improve the quality of teachingB students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC professors with achievements in researchD it’s difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively3 According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B It’s utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.C The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.D The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research.4 The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do?A scientific researchB teachingC field workD investigation5 Which of the following can be a proper title of the text?A University: A place for training new scientistsB What does a professor’s title meanC Which is more important: Teaching or Researching?D How to balance teaching and researching?Text 3In march 1974 one of the most astonishing archaeologicaldiscoveries or the 20th century was unearthed in the county of Lintong, Shananxi Province. An entire army of life-sized warriors and horses, buried for more than 2,200 years, began to be uncovered. These replicas had been placed in trenches around the still-unexcavated tomb of Qinshihuang, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty(221-207 B.C.). Each of the many hundreds of life-sized warriors was constructed of baked clay and painted with a variety of colors. Most were obviously intended as individual portraits.The head shapes of these figures and the expressions on their faces were, more or less, individualized, and so each man could be identified as to his place of regional origin. The square-faced, broad-foreheaded, prominent-checkbored, heavy-featured, big-mouthed and sharp-chimed, and thin-lipped soldiers were modeled after persons from the province of Sichuan. Others were clearly from Gansu, and there were some who appeared to be members of various minorities in northwestern China. Each had its own coiffure(发式) : the ones with long hair had this knotted at the right side of the head because the Qin people esteemed the right.To the surprise of both Chinese and Western archaeologists, a few of the clay soldiers showed non-Chinese characteristics, possibly being persons from as far away as Arabia or Persia. This was particularly surprising because it had long been assumed that those were no persons from outside China living there in such ancient times.Yet a century later the historical record does indicate limited contact with foreigners. There is one report in the annals of Eastern Han Dynasty(A.D. 25-220) of a Roman juggler who arrived in China by way of Burma in A.D. 109, and another of the arrival of an envoy from Macedonia at about the same time. And the Roman historian Lucius Anneus Florus mentions the coming of a Chinese envoy to Rome as early as the reign of Augustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).But extensive, contacts between China and the West didn’t really begin until the northern Silk Road was gradually developed after 138 B.C. This overland route started at present-day Xi’an and passed through the Western Corridor beyond the Yellow River, Xinjiang, Farghan (now Uzbekistan), Persia(Iran) and Tajik(Iraq ) where it met western boundary of the Roman Empire.For more than a thousand years this northern Silk Road provided a route for caravans that brought to China dates, saffron powder and pistachio nuts from Persia; glass bottles from Egypt, and many other expensive and desirable goods from other parts of the world. And the caravans went home with their camels and horses loaded down by bolts of silk brocade and boxes filled with lacquer ware and porelains.Another Silk Road, documented in the geography section of the History of Han Dynasty, was a sea route that began at the ports of Xuwen and Hepu on the Reizhou Peninsula in South China(near which the city ofBeihai is now located), passed through the Malacca Strait and ended in Burma or the Huangchi Kingdom of Southern India.More Chinese porcelions and silks reached Europe by this route than by the overlaid one because of marauding privacy and storms at sea. Subsidiary branches of this Silk Road of the sea reached such places as Korea , Japan and the Philippines to allow for the exchange of various goods not readily available over the land route. For example, as early as the third century A.D., the Philippines were shipping gold to China by this route.Q:1 Each excavated warrior_A was given a unique facial expression and hair styleB was made of stone or clayC was painted with one colorD was modeled after natives of central Shaanxi2 Which of the following statement is not true?A The clay warriors were as big as real people.B Soldier’s long hair was knotted as the right side for convenience.C A soldier’s appearance could tell where he was fromD The soldiers represented people of different nationalities.3 Archaeologists were surprised by the exotic characteristics of the clay soldier because _A no contact with foreigners at that time was known to themB no one had ever seem foreignersC no foreigners came to China before 138 B.C.D no record of foreign visits was available4 It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _A more merchants were killed on the sea routeB certain goods were too precious to be transported by landC trade between China and Southeast Asia brought more money to the governmentD the sea route was advantageous over the land route5 In the passage “Silk Road ” refers to _A a land route by which silk brocade was transported to the WestB any route which connected China with other countriesC flow of goods from China to other countriesD caravans that did business with China and other countriesText 4In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of Asbestos (石棉) related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the council published a report whichincluded advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the US & Canada. Exposure to relating small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assured that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environment. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In case where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fivers were less likely to enter the air.The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.The report identified five factors which determined the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk of factors in addition, dust formation was found to be linked where theasbestos was used when wet rather than dry.The choice of tools was also found to affect the qualities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greatest quantities of dust that hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended.A critical factor in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.Q: 1 Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause cancer,_A only when asbestos is used in building industryB only when it is used in large industryC even if it is used in small quantitiesD if they are used when wet rather than dry2 Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that _A exposure to asbestos fibers is cancer causingB asbestos is in extensive use in building industryC use of asbestos is being reduced graduallyD exposure to asbestos fibers can be reduced significantly3 Exposure to asbestos fibers is harmful to people’s health,_A so the use of asbestos is limitedB but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to comeC so other new kinds of materials are under developmentD but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used4 It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from_A the asbestos dust that people take inB the state and type of asbestos particlesC the inferior quality of the asbestos itselfD the use of machine tools5 To reduce risk, it is very important to _A use machines in a working environmentB increase air circulation in a working environmentC work in an enclosed placeD remove asbestos from the building industryText 5Some people who end their lives or attempt suicide might be trying to escape feelings of rejection, hurt or loss. Others might be angry, ashamed, or guilty about something. Some people may be named about disappointing friends or family members. And some may feel unwanted,un loved, or like the one burden to others.Most social scientists believe that a society’s structure and values can influence suicide rates. French sociologist Emilc Purkheim argued that suicide rates are related to social integration – that is, the degree to which an individual feels part of a larger group. Purkheim found suicide was more likely when a person lacked social bonds or had relationships disrupted through a sudden change in status, such as unemployment. As one example of the significance of social bonds, suicide rates among adults are lower for married people than for divorced, widowed, or single people.Fluctuation in social and economic, conditions frequently result in changes in the suicide rate. In US, for example, suicide rates declined during World War I (1914-1918) and World War Ⅱ(1939-1945), when unemployment was low, but increased during the Great Depression of the 1930s when unemployment was high. Occasionally, people commit suicide as a form of protest against the policies of a particular government. Mass suicides, in which large numbers of people kill themselves at the same time, are extremely rare.Attitudes toward suicide have varied widely throughout history. In ancient Egypt people considered suicide a humane way to escape intolerable conditions. For centuries in Japan, people respected instance of ritual suicide as a way for failure or desertion of duty. In India, womenwere once expected to burn themselves on a funeral pyre after their husband died, a custom known as suttee.Q 1 What role does marital status play in the rate of suicide?A It can influence suicide rate.B It is a problem of social bond and can not affect suicide rate.C It shows how important social values are.D It indicates there is a danger of a sudden change in status.2 Among the following people, who are least probable to commit suicide?A unemployed peopleB single peopleC deserted peopleD married people3 Which of the following is not the reason mentioned in this passage for people to commit suicide?A The change of employment situationB The change of marital statusC The protest of some policies of a governmentD The dissatisfaction of the whole society4 How did people in Japan feel about suicide?A A brave act in the face of danger or painsB An awkward way to desert lifeC A compensation for one’s failure or incompletion of one’s dutyD A cruel way to escape intolerable conditions5The word “suttee” in last line of this passage means a widow’s _ for her husband.A funeral ritualB suicidal ritualC rebirth ritualD religious ritual。