4a-criminal law
犯罪嫌疑人诉讼权利义务告知书-中英对照
犯罪嫌疑人诉讼权利义务告知书-中英对照犯罪嫌疑人诉讼权利义务告知书Rights and Obligations of Suspects根据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的规定，在公安机关对案件进行侦查期间，犯罪嫌疑人有如下权利和义务：In accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, during the public security organ’s investigation, the suspect has the following rights and obligations:权利：Rights:1、有用本民族的语言文字进行诉讼的权利。
（《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第9条）Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in court proceedings. (Article 9 in Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China):2、对侦查人员在讯问过程中侵犯他的诉讼权利或者进行人身侮辱的行为，有权提出控告。
（《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第14条）The suspect shall have the right to file charges against investigators whose acts infringe on his citizen's procedural rights or subject him to indignities.3、对于侦查人员、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人员有下列情形之一的，当事人及其法定代理人有权申请回避：（一）是本案的当事人或者是当事人的近亲属的；（二）本人或者他的近亲属和本案有利害关系的；（三）担任过本案的证人、鉴定人、辩护人、诉讼代理人的；（四）与本案当事人有其他关系，可能影响公正处理案件的。
Criminal law法律英语刑法 PPT课件
- Felony – murder重罪—谋杀罪
Manslaughter
- Voluntary manslaughter自 愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀 人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）
- involuntary homicide过失 杀人
Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)
Step 17 :Appeals
American criminal law classification
美国刑法种类
• 1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行为危害程度）： felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻罪）
Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)
Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)
Step 3 :Arrest
Step 4 :Booking Step 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)
My lecture topics ：
Death penalty sentencing plot
（死刑的量刑情节）
Basic situation
• American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation.
领事裁判权及清末法制改革
ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｒｏｌｅ Ｗａｓ ｎｏ ｊｕｓｔ ａｓ ｗｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｗａｎｔ．Ｅｖｅｒｙ ｃｏｉｎ ｈａｓ ｔｗｏ ｓｉｄｅｓ．Ｗｈｅｎ ｗｅ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓ
ｍａｉｎ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ Ｗａｓ ｔｏ ｓｅｅｋ ｍｏｒｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ
Ｅｘｔｒａｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｉａｌｉｔｙ ａｓ ｇｒｅａｔ ｓｈａｍｅ．Ｔｈｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｒｉｅｄ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｂｅｓｔ ｔｏ ｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗ ｔｈｅ
第二类观点，审视领事裁判权本身的缺陷。由于领事裁判权规定的是在中国 的外国人适用法律的问题，当时在中国有很多国家，每个国家具体的规定也不尽 相同，实际应用起来却带来了很多麻烦和困惑。例如，陈国瑛著、台湾嘉新水泥 公司文化基金会１９７１年版出版的《领事裁判权在中国之形成与废除》，其中第六 章就把领事裁判权对外国在华利益的影响，主要归纳为以下三个方面：一是，领 事裁判权初期只是在沿海各通商口岸，加上领事裁判权确立后中国人出于自我保 护，在领事裁判权之外的内陆，中国人和外国人的通商事宜就受到了很大的阻碍； 二是，由于在中国的各个领事国家的具体法律规定不同，虽然领事裁判权赋予涉 及到在中国的外国人适用外国法，但是不同领事国之问，究竟该适用哪国法律， 也带来了很大的困惑；三是，领事裁判权其实是一个非常复杂的规定，在具体的 诉讼程序上，因为涉及到中国人、在华的外国人，并且不同的案件还有不同的规 定，再加上当时的中国人对于国外的法律不熟知，所以在具体案件的程序上，会 让人觉得无所适从。
我最喜欢的课程是刑法学英语作文
我最喜欢的课程是刑法学英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Favorite Course: Criminal LawAs a law student, I have taken numerous courses throughout my academic career. Among all the courses I have studied, Criminal Law has always stood out as my favorite. Not only does it challenge my critical thinking skills, but it also allows me to delve into the intricacies of the legal system and the complexities of human behavior.One of the reasons I love Criminal Law is because it presents me with real-world scenarios that require me to analyze, interpret, and apply the law. The cases we study in class are often based on actual events, which makes the subject matter more engaging and relevant. By examining criminal statutes and judicial precedents, I am able to understand the legal principles that govern our society and shape our criminal justice system.Moreover, Criminal Law offers me the opportunity to explore the ethical and moral dimensions of the law. As we discuss the justifications for punishment and the principles of criminalliability, I am constantly challenged to consider the broader implications of legal decisions on individuals and society as a whole. This critical reflection has deepened my appreciation for the role of law in promoting justice and upholding societal values.Furthermore, studying Criminal Law has sharpened my analytical and writing skills. In order to succeed in this course, I must be able to analyze complex legal issues, construct logical arguments, and communicate my thoughts clearly and persuasively. By engaging in class discussions, writing legal memos, and participating in moot court exercises, I have honed my ability to think critically and express my ideas effectively.In addition to the intellectual challenges presented by Criminal Law, I am also drawn to the subject because of its practical relevance. As future legal practitioners, understanding criminal law is essential for navigating the legal landscape and advocating for clients in criminal cases. By mastering the principles of Criminal Law, I am better prepared to serve as a competent and ethical attorney who upholds the rule of law and safeguards the rights of individuals accused of criminal conduct.In conclusion, Criminal Law is my favorite course because it stimulates my intellect, challenges my assumptions, andprepares me for a career in the legal profession. Through my studies in this field, I have deepened my understanding of the law, honed my analytical skills, and developed a passion for justice and fairness. I look forward to continuing my exploration of Criminal Law and applying its principles to make a positive impact in the legal community.篇2My Favorite Course: Criminal LawCriminal law is an incredibly interesting and captivating subject for me. I have always been intrigued by the intricate workings of the legal system and how it applies to real-life situations. From learning about different types of crimes and their corresponding punishments to understanding the procedures of a criminal trial, criminal law offers a unique glimpse into the complexities of the legal world.One aspect of criminal law that I find particularly fascinating is the concept of mens rea, or the guilty mind. This idea explores the mental state of an individual at the time a crime is committed, and whether they had the intent to commit the crime. Understanding mens rea is essential in determining the level ofculpability of the accused and can significantly impact the outcome of a trial.Another aspect of criminal law that I find intriguing is the principle of actus reus, or the guilty act. This concept focuses on the actions of the accused and whether they have breached a specific law. By examining both the mental state and the actions of an individual, criminal law provides a comprehensive framework for determining criminal liability.In addition to these key concepts, criminal law also delves into various defenses that individuals can use to justify their actions. From self-defense to insanity plea, these defenses offer a fascinating insight into the range of factors that can influence criminal behavior and legal outcomes.Studying criminal law has not only sharpened my analytical skills but has also deepened my understanding of the legal system and its impact on society. By examining case studies and exploring different legal principles, I have gained a newfound appreciation for the complexities and nuances of criminal law.Overall, criminal law has proven to be a stimulating and thought-provoking course for me. It has expanded my intellectual horizons and nurtured my passion for the legal field. Ilook forward to further exploring the intricacies of criminal law and applying my newfound knowledge to real-life situations.篇3My favorite course in law school is Criminal Law. I have always been fascinated by the intricacies and complexities of the legal system, and Criminal Law has always been of particular interest to me. In this course, we explore the laws and statutes that govern criminal behavior and the principles that underlie the prosecution and defense of criminal cases.One of the reasons why I love Criminal Law is because of its real-world application. The cases we study are often based on actual events, and we have the opportunity to analyze the facts, apply the law, and determine the appropriate legal outcomes. This practical aspect of the course allows me to see how the law operates in the real world and reinforces my understanding of legal principles.Another reason why I enjoy Criminal Law is because of the intellectual challenge it presents. Criminal Law is a complex and nuanced area of law, and it requires careful analysis and critical thinking to understand the legal principles and apply them to different scenarios. I enjoy the mental stimulation that comesfrom analyzing case law, statutes, and legal arguments, and I find it rewarding to apply my analytical skills to real-world legal problems.Moreover, Criminal Law provides a window into the broader issues of justice, fairness, and morality. Through our discussions of criminal cases and legal principles, we are able to explore the ethical dimensions of the law and consider the impact of legal decisions on individuals and society as a whole. This aspect of the course challenges me to think critically about the role of the law in society and to consider the implications of legal decisions on the rights and freedoms of individuals.In addition, Criminal Law has helped me to develop important legal skills that are essential for my future career as a lawyer. Through my studies in Criminal Law, I have honed my research, writing, and analytical skills, and I have gained valuable experience in legal analysis, argumentation, and advocacy. These skills are not only important for success in law school but are also essential for success in the legal profession.Overall, Criminal Law is my favorite course in law school because of its real-world application, intellectual challenge, ethical dimensions, and practical value. I have enjoyed delving into the complexities of criminal law, analyzing legal principles,and exploring the broader issues of justice and morality. I believe that my studies in Criminal Law have prepared me well for a career in law and have deepened my understanding of the legal system and its impact on individuals and society.。
习语俚语谚语外来语的翻译
A man without a friend is only half a
man.
无友不为人。
When the cup is fullest, then bear her
fairest.
一碗水端平。
A thousand probabilities do not make
one truth.
可能并不等于事实。
【译】人才难得。
12．Enough is as good as a feast.
【译】知足常乐。
13．Manners maketh man.
【译】举止造人品。
14．Never offer to teach fish to swim.
【译】不要班门弄斧。
11
课堂互动3：翻译下列谚语（参考译文）
15．In the deepest water is the best fishing.
T恤衫
17．An American in 《华都舞影》（影片名）
Paris
18．The Arrival
《外星人入侵》（影片名）
19．At First Sight 《真情难舍》（影片名）
20．Attack Force Z 《Z字特攻队》（影片名）
小节结束
15
第十章综合练习及参考译文
1. 就下列范围写谚语，每组至少要写出2-3条
Familiar paths and old friends are best.
【译文】姜是老的辣，酒是陈的香。/ 陈 酒味醇，老友情深。
2
课堂互动1： 翻译下列习语（参考译文）
10．We still love each other very much, but we fight like cat and dog.
常用法律术语
一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 (Bachelor of Laws)( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院 law school2.法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer常用法律名词解读initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
有关法律的英语单词
draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment废除(法律)cancellation, annulment,invalidation 废除(合同)cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
常见法律术语中英文表达法
draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税法律英语词汇2009-12-20 20:59:34|分类：专业英语词汇阅读8 评论0 字号：大中小订阅管辖：jurisdiction级别管辖：jurisdiction by level地域管辖：territorial jurisdiction移送管辖：referral jurisdiction指定管辖：designation jurisdiction审判组织: trial organization回避 withdrawal诉讼参加人 participants in court诉讼当事人 parties in court诉讼代理人 agents ad litem期间：time periods送达 service调解 conciliation财产保全 property preservation先予执行preliminary execution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施：compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions诉讼费：litigation costs第一审普通程序 ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序 procedure of second instance起诉 bring a lawsuit受理 accept a case开庭审理 trial in court诉讼中止 suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止 conclusion of a lawsuit判决 judgment裁定 order简易程序 summary procedure特别程序 special procedure选民资格案件 cases concerning certificates of voters宣告失踪 proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡 proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力 incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力 limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产 property of ownerless执行申请 application for execution执行移转 referral of execution仲裁 arbitration司法协助 judicial assistanceAabsolute proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产（权）abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前（偿还）条款acceptance 承诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程（程序）accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式（或抗辩）审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持（原判）affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency （行政）机关agency action 机关（行政）机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白（不在犯罪场的证明）alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy类推Anglo-American Legal System 英美法系anonymous accusation 匿名控告appeal 上诉appear 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁人arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array 陪审员名单arrest 逮捕arrest warrant 逮捕令（证）arrestee 被捕人article 条款，文章article of authority 授权条款articles of confederation 《联帮条例》articles of incorporation 公司组织章程artificial person 法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault 意图或威胁伤害assert 主张，宣称asset 资产assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同，违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 意图，企图attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定authority 权力，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance 机动车保险automobile tort 机动车侵权行为autonomy 自治（权）Bban 禁令，禁止banishment 流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge 破产债务解除bankruptcy judge 破产法官bar 律师职业bar association 律师协会barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right 《人权法案》bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同binding force 约束力binding interpretation 有约束力的解释black-letter law （普通接受之基本原则的）黑体字法black nation bar association 全美黑人律师协会blue sky law 蓝天法（关于股票买卖控制的法律）Board of Governors（ABA）（美国律师协会的）董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂（罪）bright-line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act《大宗销售条例》burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃（罪）business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement（股权）承买协议buy-sell agreement（股权）买卖协议bylaws（内部）章程CCalifornia Penal Code《加州刑法典》capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决报告case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance （意外伤害）保险catalog 商品目录（单）certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明（书）challenge 置疑；挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡（原则）chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证；情况证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判法律英语词汇（2）2009-12-20 21:02:17|分类：专业英语词汇阅读10 评论0 字号：大中小订阅Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 《内战所得税条例》Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 《法官行为准则》Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯（罪）Commitment 犯罪，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法赔偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财产Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过失Compensation 赔偿（金）Compensatory damage 应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 《滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例》Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存（判决）意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，认可Consideration 对价，约因Constitution宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction （法律的）结构，解释Construe 解释，分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者保护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律顾问corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育机会委员会counselor (法律)顾问;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉盘问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 不足额判决degrees of murder (恶意)杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 故意deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理(或使用) designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (土地)开发商dicta 判决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接盘问direct tax直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置(权)dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地区检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法则;原则doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原则document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款"domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 起草;草拟draftman 起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序检验标准duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务法律英语词汇（3）2009-12-20 21:03:22|分类：专业英语词汇阅读16 评论0 字号：大中小订阅earnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件)empower 授权enact制定;颁布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment侵占encumbered property抵押财产enforce 实施；执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability可执行性enforcement of Law执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平）强制令entail限定继承entity 实体environmental impact statement环境影响报告environmental Law环境保护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境保护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等保护条款equitable relief衡平救济equity衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape逃走；逃脱escrow第三者保存合同essential justice 实质公正estate 财产；遗产estate tax遗产税ＥＵDirective欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出（租户）evidence 证据evidentiary presumption证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规则ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 检查；盘问examination检查；盘问exception 例外exception clause例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 唯一征税地点excusable homicide可宽恕之杀人execute执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门executive order行政命令executor(遗嘱）执行人executor of estate遗产执行人exemption免除；豁免exhibit 展示物（证）exigent circumstance紧急情况existing securities上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金expert 专家（证人）expert testimony专家证言expert witness专家证人express contract明示合同express statutory provision法律明文规定express warranty明示保证（保修）ex rel依据告发face amount面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact事实fact in issue争议事实factor 因素；代理商Factors Lien Act 《代理商留置权条例》Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原则feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act《联邦行政程序》Federal Antitrust Law 《联邦犯托拉斯法》federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act 《联邦住房条例》Federal Income Tax Act 《联邦所得税条例》federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 《联邦民事诉讼规则》Federal rules of criminal procedure 《联邦刑事诉讼规则》Federal rules of evidence 《联邦证据规则》Federal securities act 《联邦证券条例》federal supremacy 联邦至上（原则）Federal tort claims act 《联邦侵权索赔条例》felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture （不动产）附属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 没收；罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规则制定formation 构成；鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 基本法fundamental right 基本权利法律英语词汇（4）2009-12-20 21:04:29|分类：专业英语词汇阅读12 评论0 字号：大中小订阅general acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认标准general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财产（权）general provisions 总则gerontocratic 老人统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 政府侵权（行为）grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过失group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship监护权guidelines for sentencing量刑指南guilt有罪guilty有罪的guilty有罪答辩Hhabitual offender惯犯hail insurance冰雹保险handcuff手铐handwriting笔迹health insurance健康保险health regulation卫生法规hearing听证（会）hearing of jury陪审团听审hearsay传闻证据heir继承人hierarchy等级制度high crime重罪hold认定；裁定holding认定；裁定holding device拥有手段（形式）homicide杀人（罪）homosexuality同性恋house counsel（公司）专职法律顾问husband-wife relationship夫妻关系husband-wife tort夫妻侵权（行为）IId.同上identification认定；确认身份；身份证ignore忽视；驳回illegal非法的；违法的immaterial无实质性的immigration law移民法immovable property不动产immunity豁免（权）impair损害；削弱impeachment弹劾；质疑implementation实施；执行implied contract默认合同implied warranty默认保证（保修）imprisonment监禁imputable可归罪于……的imputation归罪in re关于；案由in recess休庭in rem对物的（诉讼）in session开庭inadmissible evidence不可采证据incarceration禁闭；监禁incest乱伦income tax所得税Income Tax Act《所得税条例》income tax on corporations公司所得税income tax on individuals个人所得税incompetence无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation法人；公司；组成公司incorporator公司创办人independent regulatory agency独立规制机构indicative list指导性名单indictment起诉书indirect evidence间接证据indirect tax间接税individual choice个人选择（权）individual freedom个人自由individual omni competence个人全权individual proprietorship个体业主individual right个人权利ineffective失效的inequality不平等infamous罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处罚informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规则制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险项目insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产(权)inter alia 除了别的以外interfere 干涉;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 故意的intentional tort 故意侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;调查investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不可撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不可撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官法律英语词汇（5）2009-12-20 21:05:16|分类：专业英语词汇阅读19 评论0 字号：大中小订阅Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权)joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation 合资公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge 法官judge-made law 法官立法judge's chamber 法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial notice 司法任职judicial opinion 法官判决意见judicial review 司法审查judicial scrutiny 司法检查judicial subjectivity 审判主观性judicial system 法院系统judiciary 法官jurisdiction 司法管辖区jurisprudence 法理学juror 陪审员jury 陪审团jury charge 法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance 关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣Kill杀人Killer 杀人者Know-how 技术秘密，商业秘密Ｌland use law 土地使用法last clear chance doctrine 最后明显机会法则law 法，法律law firm 律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法law of evidence证据法law reform 法律改革lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 普通证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legacy 遗产legacy tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal advice 法律咨询legal commentary 法律评论legal education 法律教育legal effect 法律教育legal enforcement 法律效力legal English 法律英语legal family 法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律保护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障（措施）legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收（税）liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate （车）执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置（权）life estate 终生财（遗）产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧失权利Jurisprudence， History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report； law report柏拉图 Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950 （罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated；lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act； act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws； rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule； rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated （by this law）除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state's interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the people's interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团 grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty （中）《大宪章》（1215） Great Charter， 1215（英）单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local people's congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority； legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄 legal age； lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right； right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty； maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge法官的自由裁量权 judge's power of discretion法官权力范围 extent of judge's power法官心证 judge's mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais （法）法理 jurisprudence； principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law； law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围 force's scale of law法律的效力形式 force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding； legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law； philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris。
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Miranda v. Arizona
• Facts of the case • Question
– Does the police practice of interrogating individuals without notifying them of their right to counsel and their protection against selfincrimination violate the Fifth Amendment?
Note
• In many cases a person’s behavior may bring about both criminal and tort liability.
– The state may prosecute and punish. – The injured individual may also sue to recover civil damages.
• drug trafficking • wire fraud
Objectives of Criminal Law
Five Objectives
retribution restitution
deterrence incapacitation
rehabilitation
Retribution
• Criminals ought to suffer in some way.
• Tort liability
– Monetary compensation – Fines
Civil Damages
• General damages
– Compensating for any specific and demonstrable harm that has been caused
Rehabilitation
• It aims at transforming an offender into a valuable member of society.
– Its primary goal is to prevent further offense by convincing the offender that their conduct was wrong.
Federal Criminal Law
• Federal criminal law focuses on areas specifically relevant to the federal government.
– evading payment of federal income tax – mail theft – physical attacks on federal officials – interstate crimes
Liability
• Criminal liability
– Punishments
• Fines, probation, jail sentences, removal from public office, and even execution
– Monetary restitution to society or to the victim
• Directing the state as to the proper methods for apprehension and adjudication
Miranda Warnings
• Before anyone in police custody may be interrogated, the interrogator must advise the suspect that:
Restitution
• This is a victim-oriented theory of punishment.
– The goal is to repair, through state authority, any hurt inflicted on the victim by the offender. – It is commonly combined with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely related to concepts in the civil law.
Miranda v. Arizona
• Conclusion
– The Court ruled that due to the coercive nature of the custodial interrogation by police, no confession could be admissible under the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause and Sixth Amendment right to an attorney unless a suspect had been made aware of his rights and the suspect had then waived them. Thus, Miranda's conviction was overturned.
Classification of Crimes
General
• Crimes are classified in many different ways:
– common law crimes versus statutory crimes – crimes that are mala in se (evil in themselves) versus crimes that are mala prohibita (criminal only because the law says so) – felonies versus misdemeanors
Civil Law and Criminal Law
Violation
• Civil violations—torts
– Torts involve negligent as well as intentional harm to an individual or to the property of another.
Incapacitation
• It is designed simply to keep criminals away from society so that the public is protected from their misconduct.
– This is often achieved through prison sentences today. – The death penalty or banishment have served the same purpose.
Substantive and Procedural Law
Substantive Law
• Defining crimes and establishing punishments
– Commonly found in statutes and ordinances at are written by local, state, or federal legislatures
Violation
• Note:
– A crime is considered to be a wrong against all of society. – A tort is considered to be a private matter between the parties directly involved.
A. he has a right to remain silent; B. anything he says may be used against him in a court of law; C. he has a right to a lawyer; and D. if he cannot afford a lawyer one will be provided free.
Deterrence
• Individual deterrence is aimed toward the specific offender.
– The aim is to impose a sufficient penalty to discourage the offender from criminal behavior.
Prosecution
• In criminal actions:
– A specially designated state prosecutor or federal official directs the proceedings.
• In tort actions:
– The harmed individual generally hires an attorney to process the claim.
Criminal Law
What is criminal law?
Laws concerning crimes and punishments.
Criminal Law in the US
State Criminal Law
• The vast majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level.
– Criminals have taken improper advantage, or inflicted unfair detriment, upon others. – Consequently, the criminal law will put criminals at some unpleasant disadvantage to "balance the scales."