英国国家概况 - The Parliament & Cabinet
英语国家概况
2-4british cabinet works on the principle of collective responsibility英国内阁的原则的集体责任the main duty of the british privy council is to give advice英国枢密院的主要职责是提供意见in british the parliamentary general election is held every five years在英国的议会大选每五年举行一次scotland has a distinct legal system based on roman law苏格兰有不同的法律制度的基础上罗马法generally speaking the british parliament operates on a two party system一般来说，英国议会上的两个政党制度the policies of the conservative party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism保守党的政策的特点是实用主义和个人主义的信仰the labor party affected the british society greatly in that it set up the national health service劳动党影响了英国社会的大大的，因为它建立了国家卫生服务Chapter5the british government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s 自19世纪初以来，英国政府一直负责教育feducation in britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15在英国的教育是强制性的6至15岁之间的所有儿童fthe national curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system国家课程是强制性的国家制度和独立董事制度fwhen children finish their schooling at 16 ,they are required to take national gcse examination当孩子完成学业，他们必须在16到民族GCSE考试tgraduates from state schools in britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools在英国公立学校的毕业生有一个不太有利的机会进入名牌大学比独立学校tin the 1960s a large number of new universities were founded in britain在20世纪60年代，大量的新的大学成立于英国tmost british people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening大多数英国人开始新的一天早上阅读报纸，并最终在晚上看电视tthe times is the world's oldest national newspaper时间是世界上历史最悠久的全国性报纸fthe bbc world service broadcasts only in english throughout the world英国广播公司世界服务仅在英语世界各地的广播fsome british holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the christian calendar ,and others are related to local customs and traditions英国一些节日的庆祝，以纪念基督教日历中的重要事件，以及其他相关的当地的习俗和传统tin britain the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the 1960s在20世纪60年代在英国文法学校和职业学校之间的分工，通过引入综合学校结束about 6% of british children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system约6％的英国儿童接受小学和中学教育，通过独立的系统partially funded by central government grants ,the british universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources by tuition fees ,donations and corporate contributions部分资金由中央政府拨款，英国的大学接受他们的剩余资金从以下来源的学费，捐款和企业捐款A级成绩，学校参考，面试，是英国大学入学必须的，不需要在全国普通高考测试结果to be admitted to the open university one need no education qualifications开放大学不需要学历three big newspapersthe timesthe guardianthe daily telegraph三大报纸时代守护者据“每日电讯报”life on earth is a kind of documentary program produced by the bbc and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide地球上的生命是一种由BBC制作的纪录片节目，深受全球500万观众sky tv is britain top pay television provider天空电视台是英国最大的收费电视提供a common feature of all the british holidaysfamilies getting togetherfriends exchanging good wishesfriends enjoying each other's company一个共同的特点，所有的英国假期家庭走到一起朋友们交流的良好祝愿朋友享受彼此的陪伴christmas traditionsqueen's christmas messageboxing daychristmas pantomime圣诞节的传统女王的圣诞贺词节礼日圣诞哑剧Chapter6the canterbury tales is a representative work of the old english period坎特伯雷故事集”是古英语时期的代表作frenaissance is characterized by admiration of the greek and latin classic文艺复兴时期的特点是钦佩的希腊和拉丁经典fHamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces :moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder哈姆雷特”描绘了主人公的斗争，两股力量：道德操守和需要，以报复他的父亲的谋杀talexander pope was a great english poet who also translated homer's iliad教皇亚历山大是一个伟大的英国诗人，翻译荷马的伊利亚特tjonathan swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the english language and robinson crusoe is his masterpiece乔纳森·斯威夫特可能是最重要的散文讽刺作家在英语语言和鲁滨逊漂流记“是他的代表作fwilliam wordsworth and samuel taylor coleridge brought the r omantic movement to its height华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治带来了浪漫的运动，它的高度flord byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of hie short poems such as ode to the west wind拜伦勋爵区别了自己的音乐质量缺血缺氧性脑病的短诗，如颂歌的西风fjane austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school简·奥斯丁是一个著名的小说家流的意识学校fjoseph conrad is classified as a forerunner of modernism ,which prevailed before world war two 约瑟夫·康拉德被列为现代主义的先驱，战胜前世界战争2 tv s naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the third world the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism奈保尔在他的作品中详述的双重问题，第三世界的压迫的殖民主义和后殖民主义的混乱the most significant achievement of the english renaissance is drama英国文艺复兴的最显着的成就是戏剧'preface to lyrical ballads' is viewed as romantic poetry's declaration of indepen dence“前言的抒情民谣”被视为浪漫主义诗歌的独立宣言of dickens' novels, david copperfield is considered autobiographical狄更斯小说中，大卫·科波菲尔的自传thomas hardy is a representative of english critical realism at the turn of the 19th century托马斯•哈代是19世纪之交的英国批判现实主义的代表of the following statementsit prevailed at the end of the 19th centurythe writers were dissatisfied with the social realitytreasure island was a representative workneo-romanticism下面的语句它盛行于19世纪的结束作家与社会现实不满宝岛的代表之作新浪漫主义modernist groupvirginia woolfwilliam butler yeatst s eliot现代派组弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫威廉·巴特勒·叶芝T S艾略特oscar wild 奥斯卡野 Fthomas hardyjude the obscuretess of the d'urbervillesthe return of the native托马斯•哈代作品“无名的裘德”德伯家的苔丝“还乡adam bede亚当·比德 fa nobel prize winnersamuel beckettwilliam goldingv s naipaul诺贝尔奖得主塞缪尔·贝克特威廉·戈尔丁V S奈保尔waiting for godot is written by samuel beckett塞缪尔·贝克特“等待戈多”写的是判断题the republic of ireland occupies the entire area of the island of ireland爱尔兰共和国占据了整个爱尔兰岛的面积fthe earliest inhabitants in ireland were celtic tribes from europe从欧洲最早的居民在爱尔兰的凯尔特部落fin the 1800s ,ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of britain在1800年，爱尔兰获得的繁荣，因为它成为英国的一部分，fin the 1930s ireland was not indeed a republic but belonged to the commonwealth of nations在20世纪30年代，爱尔兰的确不是一个共和国，但属于英联邦国家tto support the government's neutrality in world war two ,there was no irishman participating in the war支持政府的中立地位在第二次世界大战中，在战争中的爱尔兰没有人参与fwith the help of britain, ireland entered the eec in 1973 without difficulties在英国的帮助下，爱尔兰于1973年进入欧洲经济共同体没有困难fin 1949 britain recognized the independence of the irish republic and returned the six northern counties在1949年，英国承认独立的爱尔兰共和国，并返还北六县fin ireland ,both the house of representatives and the senate have the power of m aking laws在爱尔兰，众议院和参议院有制定法律的权力fenglish is the only official language in ireland because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue英语是唯一的官方语言，因为在爱尔兰的大多数人英语作为他们的母语f catholicism in ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith在爱尔兰天主教不是一个单纯的私人信仰的问题t选择题celtic tribes established a unified irish culture and language in the 6th century bc凯尔特部落在公元前6世纪建立了一个统一的爱尔兰文化和语言the anglo-irish treaty resulted in the irish civil warAnglo爱尔兰条约导致爱尔兰内战by 1980,the following except budget deficit were all serious problems in the irish society inflationunemploymentforeign debt到1980年，以下情况（除外预算赤字严重）的问题，在爱尔兰社会通货膨胀失业外债mary robinson was the first irish minister to visit queen elizabeth 2玛丽·罗宾逊是爱尔兰第一部长访问伊丽莎白女王2世in ireland, the head of state is the president在爱尔兰，国家元首是总统fianna fail i s the largest party in ireland since 1932 and has been in power for most of the time in the party's history共和党的失败是最大的政党在爱尔兰自1932年以来，已在在党的历史上的大部分时间执政emigration in ireland started as early as in the medieval period早在中世纪时期移民开始在爱尔兰ireland now has a knowledge-based economy爱尔兰现在有一个以知识为基础的经济ireland is called the celtic tiger because of its rapid economic growth爱尔兰被称为“凯尔特之虎”，因为其快速的经济增长Chapter8the eastern highlands formed by the appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory由阿巴拉契亚山脉的东部高地持有该国的大陆领土的三分之一fthe climate in the united states can be classified as temperature with some mild subtropical and tropical zones在美国的气候可以划分为一些温和的亚热带和热带地区的温度talmost through the middle of the united states north to south runs a well known 50-centimeter rainfall line美国北到南几乎通过中间运行一个众所周知的50厘米的降雨线tnew york is the commercial and financial center of the united states and it is composed of five boroughs including manhattan ,brooklyn ,the bronx, staten island and queens纽约是美国的商业和金融中心，它是由五个区组成，包括曼哈顿，布鲁克林，布朗克斯区，斯塔滕岛和皇后区的tsan francisco is the second largest city after new york and the world famous hollywood and disneyland are located here旧金山是第二大城市，仅次于纽约和世界著名的好莱坞和迪斯尼乐园都坐落在这里 fhalf of the usa population lives in the western metropolitan centers一半的美国人口生活在西部的大都市中心 fthe blacks brought from africa to america usually worked on plantations or farms in the north从非洲到美国的黑人，通常在北方的种植园或农场工作 fduring the 1830s and 1840s ,many northern europeans and irish immigr ants came to america在19世纪30年代和19世纪40年代，许多北欧和爱尔兰移民来到美国，talmost half of the immigrants coming to the united states in the 1980s were asians几乎有一半的移民来美国在20世纪80年代是亚洲人tbasic american cultural values are freedom equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living美国社会文化基本价值观是自由，平等和努力，为更高标准的生活的愿望t选择题the united states have 48 states on the continent美国有48个州在大陆the state of alaska is the largest in area of all the states在阿拉斯加州的区域的是国家所有的区域最大的the usa lies in central north america ,with canada to the north, mexico to the south, the atlantic to its east and the pacific to west美国位于北美中部，北与加拿大，墨西哥南部，大西洋到它的东部和太平洋西部the largest river in the usa is the mississippi river在美国最大的河流是密西西比河some of the world famous universities like harvard yale and mit are located in new england一些世界著名的大学，如哈佛大学耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院都坐落在新英格兰niagara falls is located on the us-canadian border between lake erie and lake ontario尼亚加拉大瀑布位于美国和加拿大之间的边界伊利湖和安大略湖the largest minority in the united states is the blacks在美国最大的少数民族是黑人the immigrants act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the united states ,particularly from europe1924年的移民法进一步限制进入美国的移民，特别是来自欧洲the characteristic of dominant american culture is english-speaking ,westerneuropean ,protestant and middle-class美国主流文化的特点是讲英语，西欧，新教和中产阶层Chapter9判断america was named after amerigo vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after columbus美国被命名后，到达新的大陆在哥伦布之后的韦斯普奇tthe second continental congress was held in philadelphia ,and the continental army and navy were founded under the command of thomas jefferson第二届大陆会议在费城召开的成立，和大陆的陆军和海军的指挥下，托马斯·杰斐逊 fthe civil war not only put an end to slavery but also decided that america was a single indivisible nation内战不仅杜绝了奴隶制，但还决定，美国是一个不可分割的国家tmany american people approved of the vietnam war许多越南战争的美国人民批准 fduring clinton's term the economy developed steadily resulting in a lower rate of unemployment在克林顿任期内经济稳步发展，导致在一个较低的失业率tin 1990 american troops and the troops from allied nations launched operation desert storm in order to drive iraqi troops out of kuwait在1990年美国军队和盟国的部队发动“沙漠风暴”行动，以推动伊拉克军队赶出科威特taccording to the american administration, saddam hussein and osama bin laden were responsible for the terrorist event on september 11,2011根据美国政府，萨达姆·侯赛因与乌萨马·本·拉丹的恐怖事件负责，九月11,2011Fthe american government regarded iraq a nation among 'the axis of evil'美国政府把伊拉克的国家之间的“邪恶轴心”ton march 19,2003,american and united nation's troops supported by several other countries began an invasion of iraq月19,2003，美国和其他几个国家支持联合国的部队开始了对伊拉克的入侵 falthough the combat operations in iraq are over, it is still hard for america to decide when to withdraw its army虽然在伊拉克的作战行动已经结束，它仍然是美国很难决定何时撤出t选择题the first successful english colony in north america was founded at jamestown in virginia第一次成功的英国殖民地在北美成立于在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦pilgrim fathers are a group of puritans, who came to america to avoid persecution in england 朝圣者的父亲是一组清教徒来到美国，在英国，以避免迫害the seven years war occurred between the french and british七年战争，法国和英国之间发生'no taxation without representation 'was the rallying slogan of the people of the 13 colonies“无代表不征税”的13个殖民地的人民的凝聚力口号the first shots of the american war of independence were fired in lexington美国独立战争在列克星敦的第一炮in may 1775,the second continental congress was held in philadelphia and beganto assume the functions of a national government在1775年5月，第二届大陆会议在费城召开，并开始一个国家的政府承担的职能abraham lincoln issued emancipation proclamation to grant freedom to all slaves亚伯拉罕·林肯颁布“解放宣言”给予自由向所有从站the policy of the united states was neutrality at the beginning of the two world wars在两次世界大战的开始，美国的政策是中立president roosevelt applied new deal to deal with the problems of the great depression美国总统罗斯福实行了新的协议，解决大萧条的问题the vietnam war was a long-time suffering for americans ,and it continues throughout the terms of presidents eisenhower, kennedy and johnson越南战争对美国人来说，是一个长期的痛苦，并继续在整个总统艾森豪威尔，肯尼迪和约翰逊。
house of parliament 介绍
house of parliament 介绍【一、英国议会概述】英国议会，又称“House of Parliament”，是英国的最高立法机构，负责制定和修改法律、监督政府政策执行及审查国家预算等。
英国议会历史悠久，可追溯至9世纪，如今议会分为两院：上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）。
【二、议会建筑历史背景】英国议会建筑位于伦敦泰晤士河畔，靠近大本钟。
现在的议会建筑起源于11世纪，经过多次重建和改造。
1834年的一场大火烧毁了大部分建筑，随后进行了大规模重建，形成了我们现在所看到的议会大厦。
【三、议会建筑特点】议会大厦是一座哥特式建筑，充满历史感和艺术气息。
建筑外部有众多精美的雕塑和雕刻，其中包括英国历史上著名政治家、军事家和文学家等。
内部则有许多豪华装饰和艺术作品，如彩色玻璃窗、镶嵌壁画等。
【四、议会内部机构与功能】上议院主要由贵族、宗教领袖和终身议员组成，负责审查法案、提供立法建议等。
下议院则由英国各地选出的议员组成，负责制定法律、审查政府政策和国家预算等。
两院之间存在一定程度的权力制衡，共同维护英国政治稳定。
【五、议会制度对英国政治的影响】英国议会制度是世界上最早的民主制度之一，对全球政治制度发展产生了深远影响。
议会制度保证了政府权力的制衡和监督，使政府更加负责和有效地制定和执行政策。
同时，英国议会也是英国文化和民族精神的象征。
【六、参观议会注意事项】1.提前预约：参观议会需提前在官方网站上预约，以确保参观时间顺利。
2.遵守规定：参观时需遵循相关规定，如不携带液体、禁止拍照等。
3.穿着得体：尊重场合，穿着得体，避免暴露或过于休闲的服饰。
4.了解行程：提前了解参观路线和景点，以便更好地安排时间和了解议会历史。
总之，英国议会作为英国政治的心脏，不仅具有深厚的历史底蕴，还展示了英国独特的政治文化和民主制度。
house of parliament 介绍
house of parliament 介绍摘要：1.国会大厦简介2.国会大厦的历史3.国会大厦的建筑特点4.国会大厦的功能与活动5.参观国会大厦的信息正文：国会大厦（House of Parliament）是英国伦敦的一座标志性建筑，既是英国政治的中心，也是全球最具代表性的议会建筑之一。
本文将为您介绍国会大厦的概况、历史、建筑特点、功能与活动以及参观信息。
1.国会大厦简介国会大厦位于英国伦敦威斯敏斯特市，是英国国会两院的所在地。
它由上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）组成，分别代表着英国的两个主要立法机构。
国会大厦不仅是一个政治中心，同时也是英国国家象征之一。
2.国会大厦的历史国会大厦的历史可以追溯到公元960 年，当时英国国王爱德华一世在威斯敏斯特设立了皇家宫廷。
此后，威斯敏斯特逐渐成为英国政治的中心。
现在的国会大厦建筑始建于1840 年，由查尔斯·巴里设计，采用了哥特式建筑风格。
1852 年，国会大厦的大部分建筑完成，并开始投入使用。
3.国会大厦的建筑特点国会大厦采用了哥特式建筑风格，其外部特征为尖顶、拱券和细致的雕刻。
国会大厦内部装饰华丽，其中包括著名的“大钟厅”（The Great Hall），这里曾是上议院的会议厅。
此外，国会大厦还包括众多精美的雕塑、绘画和精美的镶嵌地板。
4.国会大厦的功能与活动国会大厦的主要功能是供英国国会议员进行辩论、立法和举行各类政治活动。
这里每年都会举行盛大的国会开幕仪式，以及许多重要的国家庆典。
此外，国会大厦也是英国政府和国家档案馆的所在地。
5.参观国会大厦的信息公众可以通过预约参观国会大厦。
参观项目包括自助游和导游陪同游览。
自助游允许游客在规定的时间内自由参观国会大厦的公共区域，而导游陪同游览则会有专门的导游带领游客参观国会大厦的重要景点，并讲解其历史和建筑特点。
总之，国会大厦是英国政治和文化的重要象征，也是一处值得游览的著名景点。
英国介绍(修订版)
2
地理
地理
英国位于欧洲大陆西北
部，由大不列颠岛和爱
尔兰岛北部及周边岛屿
2
组成
英国地形多样，有山地、
高原、河流、湖泊和沼
泽等
4
英国的气候属于温带海 洋性气候，全年温和湿 润，四季寒暑变化不大
英国国土面积约为
24.41万平方公里(包
1
括内陆水域)，由英格 兰、苏格兰、威尔士和
北爱尔兰四个构成国组
成
主要山脉有奔宁山脉和 哈德良山脉
此外，英国也是北大西洋公约 组织(NATO)的重要成员国之一， 与美国和其他盟友保持紧密的 军事和政治合作关系
作为联合国安全理事会的常任 理事国之一，英国在全球事务 中拥有重要的投票权和影响力
在欧洲事务中，英国也是欧盟 的重要成员国之一，参与了许 多欧盟的倡议和项目
12
总结
总结
英国是一个具有深厚 历史和文化底蕴的国 家，其政治、经济、 文化和社会发展都处
05
此 外 ， 英 国a还a有a 许 多 古 老 的 城 堡 和 宫 殿
如温莎城堡、白金汉宫等以及美丽的海
滨城市如布莱顿、利物浦等
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除 此 之 外 ，a还a有a 许 多 世 界 著 名 的 博 物 馆
和艺术馆如大英博物馆、国家画廊等
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教育
教育
英国的教育体系在全球范围内 享有盛誉，其高等教育机构如 剑桥大学、牛津大学等是世界
于世界领先地位
01
作为一个高度发达的 现代化国家，英国将 继续在全球事务中发
挥重要的作用
02
无论是在教育、科技、 文化还是政治领域， 英国都将继续对世界
产生深远的影响
03
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THANKS FOR WATCHING
(完整版)英语国家概况_谢福之_课后答案
英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National V ocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville 117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, t he loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil 120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in termsof law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. )Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World WarII.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.( )5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating inthe war.( )6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.( )7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.( )。
英美概况考前知识点总结
英美概况考前知识点总结一、英国1.概况英国，全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），是位于欧洲西部的一个岛屿国家，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个地区组成。
首都为伦敦，是英国最大的城市，也是英国的政治、经济和文化中心。
2. 地理英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，主要由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成。
英国陆地面积约为24.2万平方公里，辖区范围包括英国本土以及北爱尔兰地区。
英国地势起伏，有平原、丘陵和山地，包括英格兰北部的湖区和苏格兰的高地。
英国气候多变，主要受大西洋气候影响，冬季寒冷，夏季温和多雨。
3. 政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首为英国女王，目前由伊丽莎白二世担任。
英国议会由两院组成，包括由选举产生的下议院和由上议院成员组成的上议院。
英国政府由首相领导，议会制度是英国政治的核心。
4. 经济英国是一个发达国家，经济实力雄厚。
英国主要产业包括金融、保险、科技、汽车制造、机械制造、航空航天、医药等。
伦敦作为金融中心，对世界经济有着重要影响。
英国是欧盟成员国，但于2016年公投决定脱离欧盟。
5. 文化英国是文化底蕴深厚的国家，有着悠久的历史和传统。
英国文学、音乐、戏剧等领域拥有世界级的影响力，莎士比亚、狄更斯、爱默生等文学巨匠为世人所熟知。
英国还是摇滚乐的发源地之一，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等乐团享誉世界。
二、美国1.概况美利坚合众国（The United States of America），简称美国，是位于北美洲的一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
首都为华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，最大的城市是纽约。
美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，拥有世界上最大的经济、最强大的军事力量和最先进的科技。
2. 地理美国地处北美洲中部，东临大西洋，西临太平洋，北界加拿大，南濒墨西哥湾。
美国领土面积约为9.83万万平方公里，是世界第四大国家。
英语国家概况：英国的形成历史
英语国家概况:英国的形成历史英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)，本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:英国的形成历史，欢迎大家阅读!The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)英国的形成(公元1066-1381)I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)诺曼统治(公元1066-1381)1. William's Rule (1066-1087)威廉一世的统治(公元1066-1087)England's feudalism under the rule of William theConqueror 在威廉统治下的英国封建制度①Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.②According to this system, the King owned all the land personally.③William gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military serviceand a proportion of the land's produce.④These estates were scattered f ar and wide over the country, so that those who held themcould not easily combine to rebel the king.⑤The barons, who had become William's tenants-in-chief, parceled out land to the lessernobles, knights and freemen, also in return for goods and services.⑥At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs.⑦One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take theoath of allegiance，not only totheir immediate lord, but also to the king.①在威廉统治下，英国的封建制度得到完全确立。
英语国家概况答案
英语作业答案Unit 1Ⅰ.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are Trueor False.1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts:England, Scotland and Wales. T 英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士;2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to referto their country. F British3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage. F4. In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largestpart of the United Kingdom. F 英格兰是面积最大,人口最多的5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. T The River Severn:赛文河6. Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. TⅡ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1. The two main islands of the British Isles are .不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰Britain and Ireland Britain and ScotlandBritain and Wales Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.B. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish6. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standardform of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation7. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate inEnglish.A. halfB. a quarterC. One thirdD. one fifthIII. Give brief answers to the following questions·1. What is the full name of the .The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to ScotlandThey like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are theyThe development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death黑死病The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions in about 100words.1. who are British peopleThe first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lots of immigrants from many former Commonwealth共和国 countries from every part of the world, and the British people are also composed of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.2. What is Standard EnglishStandard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England; it is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct British English. It is also the norm标准 carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.Unit 2I. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. T2. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. T3. The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe— the Britons. T4. The Anglo—Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. T 不考5. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will. F6. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century. T7. Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France T8. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. F9. The Hundred Years’ War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. F10. in an effort to make a compromise between different religiousfactions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. TⅡ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1．The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410．A．Norman B．DanishC．Celtic D．Germanic2．By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England．A．Celtic Christianity B．Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC．Germanic Christianity D．Roman Christianity3．Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂 was built at the time of .A．St．Augustine B．Edward the Confessor忏悔者爱德华 C．William the Conqueror D．Alfred the Great4．The marked the establishment of feudalism封建制度 in England．A．Viking invasion B．signing of the Magna CartaC．Norman Conquest D．Adoption of common law5．The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A．the House of Valois B．the House of YorkC．the House of Tudor都铎楼 D．the House of Lancaster出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争,登上了英国王位,称亨利七世6．The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’S effortto .A．divorce his wife B．break with RomeC．support the Protestants D．declare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A．Protestants and Puritans B．Royalists and ParliamentariansC．nobles and peasants D．aristocrats and Christians8． was passed after the Glorious Revolution光荣革命．A．Bill of Rights B．Act of SupremacyC．Provisions of Oxford D．Magna CartaIndustrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century．A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th 10．Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century．A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th III. Give brief answers to the following questions.1. What are the two components of the British parliament2. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements3. What were the two camps in Europe in World WarⅠ4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War ⅡAnswers:1. They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearlya quarter of the world’s l andmass.3. The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain2. The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireAnswers:1. The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. The conflict between the capitalists and the proletarians became the most important political issue.2. Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World WarⅠ, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. M ost of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.Unit 4 Politics and Government of UKI．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．1．Conventions党代会 are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government．F2．The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history．F3．In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers．F4．British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦国家．F5．Lords Spiritual上议院神职议员 and Lords Temporal上议院世俗议员 are all members in the British Upper House上议院.T6．The members in the House of Commons下议院 are appointed rather than elected．F上议院是指派的,下议院是选举的;7．The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament．T8．Cabinet members内阁阁员 are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament．FCabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of the winning political parties in Parliament9．British law consists of two parts, the civil law and the criminal law．T 10．The legal systems in England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice．FII．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements．1．The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the . A．judiciary司法 B．Legislature立法C．monarchy D．executive 行政2．The importance of the British monarchy君主政体can be seen in its effect on .A．passing the bills B．advising the government C．political parties D．public attitude3．As a revising chamber审裁室,the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons．A．rival B．complement C．criticize D. inspect 检查4．British Cabinet works on the principle of .A．collective responsibility集体责任 B．individual responsibility C．defending the collectivism D．defending the individuals 5．The main duty of the British Privy Council枢密院 is to .A．make decisions B．give adviceC．pass bills D．supervise the Cabinet6．In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every years.A．three B．four C．five D. six 7． has a distinct legal system based on Roman law．A．Wales B．EnglandC．Scotland D．Northern Ireland8．Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a system. A．single-party B．two-partyC．three-party D．multi-party9．The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism 实用主义and .A．government intervention B．nationalization of enterprisesC．social reform D．a belief in individualism 10．The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A．set up the National Health Service B．improved public transportationC．abolished the old tax system D．enhanced the economic developmentⅢ．Give brief answers to the following questions．1．What are the three functions of the House of CommonsThere are three main functions of the House of Commons. The first is to debate and vote upon legislation and the second is to give the chance for the opposition to question what the government is doing with legislation, the way it conducts itself, etc. The third function is private member's business where MP's may get up and make a speech in the House about an issue or event that he/she would like to draw attention to.2．What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats自由民主党 have in Britain张老师的答案：Liberal Democrats was founded in March, 1988. In public’s eyes, Liberal Democrats adopts more progress policy on the issue of public services, social equity and environmental protection etc. It continues to maintain the cooperation with Labor Party, and it is third party in UK with 100,000 party members.The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The two parties had formed the electoral SDP–Liberal Alliance for seven years before then. The current leader of the party is Nick Clegg. At the 2010 general election, 57 Lib Dem MPs were elected, making them the third-largest party in the House of Commons, behind the Conservative Party with 307 and the Labour Party with 258. The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party, with Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats in the cabinet.Promoting social liberalism, the Liberal Democrats voice strong support for constitutional and electoral reform, and civil liberties. The party president's book of office is John Stuart Mill's 1859 On Liberty, which defended individual rights while attacking the tyranny of the majority and the despotism of custom. The party objects to state limitations on individual rights and favours a welfare state that provides for the necessities and amenities of life.1213 They support multilateral foreign policy, opposing British participation in the War in Iraq and supporting the withdrawal of troops from the country.14 The Liberal Democrats are the most pro-European Union of the three main parties in the UK. The party has strong environmentalist values—favouring renewable energy and commitments to deeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Since their foundation, Lib Dems have advocated electoral reform to use proportional representation inelecting the House of Commons, also hoping to replace the House of Lords with an elected chamber.Unit 1 Geography and PeopleI．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．1．The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians阿巴拉契亚山脉 hold one third of the country’s continental territory．F 1/3-1/62．The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical亚热带的 and tropical热带的 zones．T3．New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States,and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan,Brooklyn,theBronx,Staten Island and Queens．T4．San Francisco旧金山 is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here．F 洛杉矶是第二大城市6．Half of the U．S．population lives in the western metropolitan centers．F 东部7．The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the North．F在美国南部8．During the 1830s and 1840s,many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America．T10．Basic American cultural values are freedom,equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living．TII．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1．The United States has________states on the continent．A．50 B．49 C．48 D．352．The state of_________ is the largest in area of all the states．A．Alaska B．Hawaii C．Texas D．Florida3．The U．S．lies in_______North America,with Canada to the north,Mexico to the south,the Atlantic 大西洋to its________ and the Pacific太平洋 to its________．A．northern,east,west B．central,east,westC．southern,west,east D．western,east,west4．The largest river in the U．S．is_________.A．the Missouri River B．the Mississippi RiverC．the Ohio River D．the Colorado River5．Some of the world famous universities like Harvard,Yale and MIT are locatedA．in the South B．along the Pacific Coast C．in New England新英格兰 D．in the Midwest6．_________is located on the U． border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario．A．Yellowstone National Park B．The Grand Canyon C．Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布 D．The Great Salt Lake7．The native Alaskan population includes the following except the_________ A．Indians B．Eskimos C．Aleuts D．Blacks8．The largest minority in the United States is the ___________.A．Pacific Islanders B．BlacksC．Native Americans D．AsiansIII．Give brief answers to the following questions．1．How is the life of the Native Americans todayAbout million Native Americans live in the USA today. The biggest tribes are the Cherokee, Chippewa, Navajo and Sioux. About a third of the Indians in the US live on reservations. The rest live in cities or towns.Indian culture is still preserved on reservations. Here, Indians practice old traditions. However, they are worried that their traditions will disappear because more and more Indians are being integrated into society. Today, Native Americans are better off than they were at the beginning of the 20th century. They get better education; many go to high school and some to college. Many Native Americans work as lawyers, doctors or have other important jobs, like working for government companies.Some tribes get money from tourism or selling handicrafts. In 1988 the government allowed casinos and other gambling operations on reservations. Other tribes earn money from taxes on oil or gas that is produced on their land.Even though life has improved, Native Americans still face many problems in today’s America. Unemployment on reservations is about 50%. The income of an Indian family is much lower than that of a white family. Most Indians are badly paid and are unskilled workers. Suicide rates are also higher than in other places. Some Indians try to reduce their problems by drinking alcohol and taking drugs.Chapter 6 LiteratureI．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．1．The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 is a representative work of the Old English Period．F 中古英语的代表作2．Renaissance文艺复兴 is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics．T3．Hamlet depicts the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces：moral integrity and the need to avenge his father’s murder．T4．Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer’s Iliad 伊利亚特．T5．Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language,and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece．F by Daniel Defoe 6．William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height．F they are Keats, Byron, Shelley.7．Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems,such as “Ode to the West Wind"．F by Shelley8．Jane Austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school．F9．Joseph Conrad康纳德 is classified as a forerunner先驱 of Modernism,which prevailed before World War II．T10．．Naipaul奈保尔 detailed in his works the dual两部分的problems of the Third World：the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism 后殖民主义．TII．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements．1．The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is . A．poetry B．drama C．novel D．pamphlet 2． is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of independence”．A．“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B．Don JuanC．“Preface to Lyrical Ballads” D．Prometheus Unbound3．Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical自传的．A．A Tale of Two Cities B．David CopperfieldC．Oliver Twist D．Great Expectations 4． is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century．A．Robert Louis Stevenson B．John MiltonC．Joseph Conrad D．Thomas Hard托马斯.哈代5．Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo- Romanticism新浪漫主义．A．It prevailed at the end of the 19th century．B．The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality．C．The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”艺术至上主义．D．Treasure Island was a representative work．6． is NOT included in the modernist group．A．Oscar Wild奥斯卡·王尔德 B．Virginia WoolfC．William Butler Yeats D．T．S．Eliot 他是为艺术而艺术”的倡导者;7．Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy． A．Jude the Obscure B．Tess of theD’UrbervillesC．Adam BedeBY George Eliot D．The Return of the Native 8．Of the following statements, ＿＿＿＿is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫.A．She was a central figure of the’ Bloomsbury Group”．B．She experimented with stream of consciousness．C．She was an influential feminist．D．Her masterpiece was The Rainbow．rainbow is by D. H. Lawrence 9．Of the following writers,________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner．不考A．Samuel Beckett B．James Joyce詹姆斯乔伊斯C．William Golding D．V S．Naipaul10．Waiting for Godot is written by不考A．Samuel Beckett B．George OrwellC．William Golding D．D．H．LawrenceIII．Give brief answers to the following questions．1．What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s plays and their representativesThree categories, namely, tragedies, comedies, and chroniclesComedies: as you like it, the twelfth night, a midsummer night’s dream Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, king lear李尔王Chronicles: henry V, Richard III, Julius Caesar凯撒大帝2．Ⅵmat is Critical RealismCritical realism is a trend, or method, in realistic literature and art in the 19th and 20th centuries. The concept of critical realism was adopted by Soviet literary and art criticism from M. Gorky, who used the expression “critical realism” in 1934 to des cribe the stress on expose in realistic literature of the 19th century. However, the revelatory themes by no means exclude an element of reaffirmation in the realistic art of the 19th and 20th centuries.3．What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of the 19th centuryNaturalism 自然主义New-romanticism 新浪漫主义4．What is stream of consciousnessStream of Consciousness is a literary technique which was pioneered by Dorthy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Stream of consciousness is characterized by a flow of thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate the lives and thoughts of characters from other time periods.。
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The law lords(上院）
Debating the issue of the day （讨论日常议题）
3. Main functions
Improving certain non-tax bills （修订除税收之外的各项法案）
Serves as the highest court of appeal(最高上诉法院)
1. Elected by people in general election
(大选)
House of Commons (下院)
2. 651 members of parliament（国会）
House of Commons (下院)
3. Leader of the party with the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister（首相）
the assembly that Government is drawn and answerable to （政府由其产生对其负责）
Elements(国会成员)
The Crown（王室成员）
The non-elected House of Lord （非选举产生的上议院成员） The elected House of Commons （选举产生的下议院成员）
The Palace of Westminster (威斯特敏斯特宫/国会大厦)
the State Opening of Parliament(国会开幕典礼)
The Consistent （国会构成）
House of Commons (下院)
House of Lords （上院）
House of Commons (下院)
Functions（国会职能）
Votes the taxation（税收） and expenditures（开支）
Legislate(立法)
Exams government policies and administration(管理)
Debate major political issue of the day
supervise
supervise be responsible for
the parliament（国会）: center of authority（权力中心）
The Parliament (国会)
The Cabinet （内阁）
Position(国会地位)
the supreme legislative body （最高立法机关）
The Cabinet（内阁）
2.The Cabinet meets in private and normally weekly at 10 Downing Street(唐宁街) and initiates（发起） bills under debate in Parliament
10 Downing Street(唐宁街)
the prime minister（首相）: wielded the power（掌握实权）
form
the cabinet(内阁)： national government（国家政府）
act together
the queen: vote reign but not rule (统而不治) designate
House of Lords （上院）
1.More like a place of discussion than a place of substantial power(实权)
House of Lords （上院）
The lords temporal(上议院俗职议员)
2.members
The lords spiritual(上议院灵职议员)
The Cabinet（内阁）
20 senior ministers（高级大臣） of important government department
1.members
Non-departmental ministers who hold traditional offices
“Ministers without portfolio(部长职务)”