北外英国研究真题-00-10

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北外真题

I.Reading Comprehension (60 points).AMultiple Choice (36 points).Please read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D to best complete the statements about them.The Greening of America— How America is likely to take over leadership of the fight against climate change; and how it can get it right.A country with a presidential system tends to get identified with its leader. So, for the rest of the world, America is George Bush's America right now. It is the country that has mismanaged the Iraq war; holds prisoners without trial at Guantánamo Bay; restricts funding for stem-cell research because of fundamentalist religious beliefs; and destroyed the chance of a globalclimate-change deal based on the Kyoto Protocol.But to simplify thus is to misunderstand—especially in the case of the huge, federal America. One of its great strengths is the diversity of its political, economic and cultural life. While the White House dug its heels in on global warming, much of the rest of the country was moving. That's what forced the president's concession to greens in the state-of-the-union address. His poll ratings sinking under the weight of Iraq, President Bush is grasping for popular issues to keep him afloat; and global warming has evidently become such an issue. Albeit in the context of energy security, a now familiar concern of his, President Bush spoke for the first time to Congress of "the serious challenge of global climate change" and proposed measures designed, in part, to combat it.It's the weather, appropriately, that has turned public opinion—starting with Hurricane Katrina. Scientists had been warning Americans for years that the risk of "extreme weather events" would probably increase as a result of climate change. But scientific papers do not drive messages home asconvincingly as the destruction of a city. And the heat wave that torched America's west coast last year, accompanied by a constant drip of new research on melting glaciers and dying polar bears, has only strengthened the belief that something must be done.Business is changing its mind too. Five years ago corporate America was solidly against carbon controls. But the threat of a patchwork of state regulations, combined with the opportunity to profit from new technologies, began to shift business attitudes. And that movement has gained momentum, because companies that saw their competitors espouse carbon controls began to fear that, once the government got down to designing regulations, they would be left out of the discussion if they did not jump on the bandwagon. So now the loudest voices are not resisting change but arguing for it.Support for carbon controls has also grown among some unlikely groups: security hawks (who want to reduce America's dependence on Middle Eastern oil); farmers (who like subsidies for growing the raw material for ethanol); and evangelicals (who worry that man should looking after the Earth God gave him a little better). This alliance has helped persuade politicians to move. Arnold Schwarzenegger, California's Republican governor, has led the advance, with muscular measures legislating Kyoto-style curbs in his state. His popularity has rebounded as a result. And now there is movement too at the federal level, which is where it really matters. Bills to tackle climate change have proliferated. And three of the serious candidates for the presidency in 2008—John McCain, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama—are all pushing for federal measures.Unfortunately, President Bush's newfound interest in climate change is coupled with, and distorted by, his focus on energy security. Reducing America's petrol consumption by 20% 2017, a target he announced in the state-of-the-union address, would certainly diminish the country's dependence on Middle Eastern oil, but the way he plans to go about it may not be either efficient or clean. Increasing fuel-economy standards for cars and trucks will gopart of the way, but for most of the switch America will have to rely on a greater use of alternative fuels. That means ethanol (inefficient because of heavy subsidies and high tariffs on imports of foreign ethanol) or liquefied coal (filthy because of high carbon emissions)The measure of President Bush's failure to tackle this issue seriously is his continued rejection of the only two clean and efficient solutions to climate change. One is a carbon tax, which this paper has long advocated. The second is a cap-and-trade system of the sort Europe introduced to meet the Kyoto targets. It would limit companies' emissions while allowing them to buy and sell permits to pollute. Either system should, by setting a price on carbon, discourage emission; and, in doing so, encourage the development and use of cleaner-energy technologies. Just as America's adoption of catalytic converters led eventually to the world's conversion to lead-free petrol, so its drive to clean-energy technologies will ensure that these too spread.A tax is unlikely because of America's aversion to that three-letter word. Given that, it should go for a tough cap-and-trade system. In doing so, it can usefully learn from Europe's experience. First, get good data. Europe failed to do so: companies were given too many permits, and emissions have therefore not fallen. Second, auction permits (which are, in effect, money) rather than giving them away free. Europe gave them away, which allowed polluters to make windfall profits. This will be a huge fight; for, if the federal government did what the Europeans did, it would hand out $40 billion to $50 billion in permits. Third, set a long time-horizon. Europeans do not know whether carbon emissions will still be constrained after 2012, when Kyoto runs out. Since most clean-energy projects have a payback period of more than five years, the system thus fails to encourage green investment.One of America's most admirable characteristics is its belief that it has a duty of moral leadership. At present, however, it's not doing too well on that score. Global warming could change that. By tackling the issue now it could regain the high moral ground (at the same time forging ahead in theclean-energy business, which Europe might otherwise dominate). And it looks as though it will; for even if the Toxic Texan continues to evade the issue, his successor(1)It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.[A]America is busy dealing with the Iraq war and the Guantánamo Bay prisoners[B]America is interested in stem-cell research[C]America despises the global climate-change deal[D]America declines to sign the Kyoto protocol(2)"Dig one's heels in" in the second paragraph means _______.[A]improve by pressure[B]judge by oneself[C]refuse to change one's mind[D]pay more attention to(3)Which is NOT the reason that causes the corporate America to change its mind over carboncontrols ? ________.[A]The state regulations are getting strict[B]There is an opportunity to profit from new technologies[C]Some competitors approve of carbon controls[D]The loudest voices are supporting carbon controls(4)According to the author, which is NOT a practicable way to reduce carbon emissions in America? _______.[A]Imposition of a carbon tax[B]Establishment of a cap-and-trade system[C]Permission to buy and sell permits to pollute[D]Setting a price on carbon(5)Because of the Americans' distaste for tax, the author suggests that all of the following should be done EXCEPT that ________.[A]a suitable number of permits be offered[B]the price for the permits be set[C]carbon emissions be tackled in a long-term view[D]carbon emissions be loosened after 2012(6)The polluters' "windfall profits" (para. 8) stands for _______.[A]the privilege granted by the permits[B]the unexpected lucky gain from the permits[C]the financial support from the federal government[D]the illegal interests made by the pollutersCGap Filling (14 points).Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps.Truths to live byThe art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. (18)____________________. The rabbis of old put it this way: "A man comes into this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open."(19)_______________. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love to love when it was tendered.(20)_______________. I was hospitalized following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a pleasant place.One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard.As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my experience. Just the light of the sun. (21) ______________.I looked to see whether anyone else relished the sun's golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with their eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.The insight gleaned from that experience is really as commonplace as was the experience itself: life's gifts are precious but we are too heedless of them.Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never be too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. (22) ____________. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute.(23) _____________. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can, may, will, be ours. (24)____________.[A]Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth.[B]But then life moves along to confront us with realities, and slowly but surely this second truth dawns upon us.[C]For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.[D]When life is treated with the proper attitude, regret will surely not be left behind.[E]A recent experience re-taught me this truth.[F]Hold fast to life ... but not so fast that you cannot let go.[G] Be reverent before each dawning day.[H]And yet how beautiful it was --- how warming, how sparkling, how brilliant!II.Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese (40 points, 8 points each).Developing self-confidence(25)Confidence is a feeling — an inner fire and an outer radiance, a basic satisfaction with what one is plus a reaching out to become more.Confidence is not something a few people are born with and others are not, for it is an acquired characteristic.Confidence is the personal possession of no one; the person who has it learns it—and goes on learning. The most gifted individual on earth has to construct confidence in his gifts from the basis of faith and experience, like anybody else. The tools will differ from one person to the next, but the essential task is the same. Confidence and pose are available to us all according to our abilities and needs—not somebody else's—provided we utilize our gifts and expand them.。

北外英语学院翻译考研真题

北外英语学院翻译考研真题一、英译汉Passage 1:The Price of EducationThe fact that university education has become such a lucrative business has attracted much attention. Universities in the United States, for example, constantly compete to attract students, and they do so by offering various inducements.Some universities offer better facilities, and try to create an attractive environment in which to live and study. Increasingly, however, the quality of education is also being judged by the percentage of graduates who are able to find employment after graduation. Employers, it seems, are no longer satisfied with a university education per se, but want to be assured that graduates will have the skills necessary for the job. To ensure this, some universities are offering simulated work experience as part of their degree programs. Some universities even venture into the realm of industry and commerce, regarding themselves as training colleges rather than as scholarly institutions.The motives behind this new emphasis on practical training are not entirely altruistic. Many universities in the United Kingdom, for example, rely heavily on government funding. The thinking is that by producing employable graduates, universities are not only ensuring that their graduates get good jobs and earn good money, they are also reducing the burden on thestate. Indeed, in some countries, universities that fail to achieve high levels of graduate employment are actually penalized financially.But what is sacrificed in this obsession with practicality? The traditional concept of a university is based on the belief that knowledge is valuable in itself, and that the purpose of education is the pursuit of truth. To surrender this belief and degrade the university to the role of industry training center is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Certainly, graduates must be able to find employment to support themselves, but a society that puts material gain above all else is a society that has lost its soul.Passage 2:Another Look at Cross-cultural CommunicationThe common expectation of much cross-cultural training is that it is designed to help business people improve their cross-cultural communication competence, thus increasing performance in a variety of multicultural or international contexts. Cross-cultural training often takes the form of brief seminars, sometimes with hands-on experiential exercises and is meant to be enjoyable, eye-opening and informative. Many authors believe that by offering such training, organizations are doing the right thing for their employees because effective cross-cultural communication skills can be a competitive advantage in business.However, less attention has been given to understanding the linkage between the skills and competencies that have been delineated and measured and the ability of learners to effectively apply such knowledge and abilities in specific situations they are likely to encounter at work. Despite the proliferation of studies advocating the use of cross-cultural training toenhance global management effectiveness, very little is known about how training may affect the actual performance of individuals or groups that are experiencing business or mission/aid-related challenges outside of their native cultural contexts.In today’s globalized and technological world, businesses and individuals are more connected across cultural boundaries than ever. In fact, almost all businesses from small to multinational employ individuals who have some form of cross-cultural interactions on a daily basis. By increasing our understanding of the linkages between knowledge, skills and abilitiesand desired training outcomes, we may be able to help individuals and organizations more effectively navigate the challenges associated with increasingly dynamic and complex cross-cultural task environment in which they operate.二、汉译英翻译 Passage 1：教育的代价大学教育已成为一个利润丰厚的生意，这一事实引起了广泛关注。

北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 (1)北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班) (6)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (22)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (27)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (32)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (36)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (41)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (45)北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green”of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for thecoming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints –can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between themis the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。

北外英国研究真题-00-10

a theme park; the Presbyterian church, Mortgage, National Insurance, Battle of Hastings, the Edinburgh Festival, Queen's Speech, the Armada, the British Empire.2001:Puritanism, the Suez Crisis, the North Sea Oil, invisible earning, fringe benefits, the Lord Ch ancellor, the Dominions, the Ulster Unionists, Collective Cabinet responsibility2002William the Conqueror, Common Law, the Principle of Precedence, Front Benchers, the City (of London), the Stranger's Gallery, the Provisional IRA2003Henry VIII, Battle of Britain, Nationalization, Sinn Fein, Orange March, Eisteddfod, Comprehen sive Schools, Open University, Tabloid, Life Peers.2004the Vikings, King James the 1st of England, the Church of England, Bloody Sunday, the Do wning-street Declaration, property-owning democracy, the speaker, GCE A level, the official Secret s Act, local government and devolution2005William the Conqueror, Whigs and Tories, national lottery, Sunday newspapers, lay magistrate s ('justices of the peace), the IRA, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Press Complaints Commis sion, social security benefits, the Single European Act of 1986.2006the Great council (1265), the English Reformation, National Curriculum (1988), National Trust, barristers and solicitors, House of Commons, the Conservative "New Right", council house, NHS and its waiting list, the Treaty of Nice.The Hundred Years' War King Henry VIII The Lake District social security benefits general election BBC TV Sinn Fein the Constitution cabinet collective responsibility visible and invisible trade2009the first-past-the-post shadow cabinet Privatization Queen Victoria Common law Anglo-Saxons Protestant Church English Channel tunnel Comprehensive Schools Quality papersThe War of Hastings King James I of England The Constitution The Opposition The Education Act of 1944 BBC Licence The Ulster Unionists Trade Union Gordon Brown the EuroQuestions:what are the main function of Parliament? (10%)what does the Education Reform Act 1988 provide for ?(10%)Essay-writing:the British Economy under Mrs. Thatcher's government. (25%)the House of Lords and the recent House of Lords Reform.(25%)2001what are the advantages and disadvantages of Britain's 'first-past-the-post' system (as compa red with proportional representation)what are the responsibilities of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet?Essay-writing:Account for Britain's decline from a world power to a regional power.there is no censorship for British press. Comment on the freedom of press in Britain.2002.QuestionExplain the atmospere of Victorianism.what is the Commonwealth and what is Britain's role in it.Essay writingBritain's mixed economy after the Second World War.Explain and assess Britain's special relationship with the United States.2003Qwhat are the characteristics and contents of British constitution?what are the functions of the British parliament.what caused the relative decline of the Uk economy after 1945.waht are the major components of the British welfare state?what role did Britain play in the WWII.comment on Britain's relations with the European Union since 1970s.2004Qwhy and how did the English Parliament come into being?what are the main features of British electoral system?what are the major arguments of Euro-sceptics and pro-Europeans in Britain towards Europe an integration?what are the major changes in British educational system after WWII.EAnalyze and assess how the end of British imperialism influenced the making of Britain's for eign policy.Comment on Labour's social and economic policies after WWII.2005Qwhat do you know about the Chartist movement and the People's Charter.how do you understand the status of women in contemporary Britain?what are the primary sources of British law and their common features?what roles does the House of Lords play in British government and how has the House of L ords been reformed in recent years.EAnalyze and assess the roles of party politics in managing Britain's economy after WWII.Explain and Comment on Britain's foreign policy priorities under Blair's Labour government.2006Qwhat is the " Glorious Revolution" ? Explain its significance.What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK.what are the causes of the Northern Ireland issue? Is Northern Ireland Assembly and a sati sfactory solution?what are the main characteristics of Britain's foreign trade?Eexplain and assess the main characteristics of British press.Britain is said to be " an awkward partner" in the European Union by some critics. Comment and give your reasons2008II Answer the following questions:1.How was the British constitutional monarchy established?2.What have been changes in British secondary education since 1944?3.What are the characteristics of British economic development since Second World War?4.What are the special features of British press?III Essay-writing:1.Explain and assess Tony Blair's Labour rule(1997--2007)ment on the relationship between Britain and the European Union since 1970s.2009Question:What is the significant of Bill of Rights?What are the areas of British economic competitive strength today?What were the developments of Northern Ireland conflict in the early 1970s?How is NHS operated?Essay:Explain and access New Labour's Reforms (devolution, European policy, the Ho use of Lords) on British identity.Explain and analysis Britain’s foreign policy principles after World War Two.2010简答题——英国议会发展历程中的几个重要事件当今英国外交政策的历史依据和地理因素论述题——英国福利制度的起源、发展及评价（我最不擅长的部分之一，也只好拽了）英国工党和保守党经济政策的特征与评价。

北外试题

2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe, the most important powers in 1939 were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China. After seizing the northern provinces of that country in 1931 and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo, Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China. These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China, which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs. When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of the time look well organized, new trouble was almost certain to follow. (141 words)二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation: China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem. Three people died and 31 were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease ? nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case ? its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries ? but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than 15 per cent compared with a year earlier. Floods and other acts of God have had their effect, as has the global rise in wheat prices, but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up. The PPI for manufactured goods was up 3.2 per cent in October ? many steel products rose by more than 10 per cent ? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent 10 per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through. Given the likelihood that more state-controlled prices will have to rise, and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices, such as the cost of education, the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for th e rest of the world, used to enjoying the ―China price‖, a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy. The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet ? but it will. China’s currency has also bee n gently appreciating, but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices. If currency appreciation speeds up, that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked. Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend, to 13.5 per cent, but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell. Interest rates have risen repeatedly, but with CPI inflation above 6 per cent, and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher, real interest rates are low. There must now be a low, but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems. That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China and for the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long. But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left. (451 words)三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。

2009年北京外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc

2009年北京外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：36.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、匹配题(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Authors A. T. S. EliotB. William WordsworthC. Charles DickensD. Jonathan SwiftE. John MiltonF. Francis BaconG. Percy Bysshe ShelleyH. Robert FrostI. Mark TwainJ. William ShakespeareK. Emily DickinsonL. Ralph W. EmersonM. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow（分数：20.00）(1).Fourthly, the constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, Stol"n on his wing my three and twentieth year! My hasting days fly on with full career,But my late spring no bud or blossom shew"th.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).April is the cruelest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).They cussed Jim considerable, though, and give him a cuff or two, side the head, once in a while, but Jim never said nothing, and he never let on to know me, and they took him to the same cabin, and put his own clothes on him, and chained him again, and not to no bed-leg, this time, but to a big staple drove into the bottom log, and chained his hands, too, and both legs, and said he wasn"t to have nothing but bread and water to eat, after this , till his owner come or he was sold at auction.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).Success is counted sweetest By those who ne"er succeed. To comprehend a nectar Requires sorest need.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of our own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).The Soul selects her own Society— Then—shuts the Door— To her divine Majority— Presents no more—（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9)."It is a part of Miss Havisham"s plans for me, Pip," said Estella, with a sigh, as if she were tired; "I am to write to her constantly and see her regularly, and report how I go on—I and the jewels—for they are nearly all mine now."（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footsteps on the sands of time.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、分析题(总题数：2，分数：16.00)Once Upon a TimeNadine GordimerSomeone has written to ask me to contribute to an anthology of stories for children. I reply that I don"t write children"s stories; and he writes back that at a recent congress/book fair/seminar a certain novelist said every writer ought to write at least one story for children. I think of sending a postcard saying I don"t accept that I "ought" to write anything.And then last night I woke up—or rather was awakened without knowing what had roused me.A voice in the echo-chamber of the subconscious?A sound.A creaking of the kind made by the weight carried be one foot after another along a wooden floor. I listened. I felt the apertures of my ears distend with concentration. Again: the creaking. I was waiting for it; waiting to hear if it indicated that feet were moving from room to room, coming up the passage—to my door. I have no burglar bars, no gun under the pillow, but I have the same fears as people who do take these precautions, and my windowpanes are thin as rime, could shatter like a wineglass.A woman was murdered (how do they put it) in broad daylight in a house two blocks away, last year, and the fierce dogs who guarded an old widower and his collection of antique clocks were strangled before he was knifed by a casual laborer he had dismissed without pay.I was staring at the door, making it out in my mind rather than seeing it, in the dark. I lay quite still—a victim already —the arrhythmia of heart was fleeing, knocking this way and that against its body-cage. How finely tuned the senses are, just out of rest, sleep! I could never listen intently as that in the distractions of the day, I was reading every faintest sound, identifying and classifying its possible threat.But I learned that I was to be neither threatened nor spared. There was no human weight pressing on the boards, the creaking was a buckling, an epicenter of stress. I was in it. The house that surrounds me while I sleep is built on undermined ground; far beneath my bed, the floor, the house"s foundations, the stopes and passages of gold mines have hollowed the rock, and when some face trembles, detaches and falls, three thousand feet below, the whole house shifts slightly, bringing uneasy strain to the balance and counterbalance of brick, cement, wood and glass the hold it as a structure around me. The misbeats of my heart tailed off like the last muffled flourishes on one of the wooden xylophones made by the Chopi and Tsonga migrant miners who might have been down there, under me in the earth at that moment. The stope where the fall was could have been disused, dripping water from its ruptured veins; or men might now be interred there in the most profound of tombs.I couldn"t find a position in which my mind would let go of my body—release me to sleep again. So I began to tell myself a story, a bedtime story.In a house, in a suburb, in a city, there were a man and his wife who loved each other very much and were living happily ever after. They had a little boy, they loved him very much. They had a cat and a dog that the little boy loved very much. They had a car and a caravan trailer for holidays, and a swimming-pool which was fenced so that the little boy and his playmates would not fall in and drown. They had a housemaid who was absolutely trustworthy and an itinerant gardener who was highly recommended by the neighbors. For when they began to live happily ever after they were warned, by that wise old witch, the husband" s mother, not to take on anyone off the street. They were inscribed in a medical benefit society, their pet dog was licensed, they were insured against fire, flood damage and theft, and subscribed to the local Neighborhood Watch, which supplied them with a plaque for their gates lettered YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED over the silhouette of a would-be intruder. He was masked; it could not be said if he was black or white, and therefore proved the property owner was no racist.It was not possible to insure the house, the swimming pool or the car against riot damage. There were riots, but these were outside the city, where people of another color were quartered. These people were not allowed into the suburb except as reliable housemaids and gardeners, so there was nothing to fear, the husband told the wife. Yet she was afraid that some day such people might come up the street and tear off the plaque YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and open the gates and stream in...Nonsense, my dear, said the husband, there are police and soldiersand tear-gas and guns to keep them away. But to please her—for he loved her very much and buses were being burned, cars stoned, and schoolchildren shot by the police in those quarters out of sight and hearing of the suburb—he had electronically controlled gates fitted. Anyone who pulled off the sign YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and tried to open the gates would have to announce his intentions by pressing a button and speaking into a receiver relayed to the house. The little boy was fascinated by the device and used, it as a walkie-talkie in cops and robbers play with his small friends.The riots were suppressed, but there were many burglaries in the suburb and somebody"s trusted housemaid was tied up and shut in a cupboard by thieves while she was in charge of her employers" house. The trusted housemaid of the man and wife and little boy was so upset by this misfortune befalling a friend left, as she herself often was, with responsibility for the possessions of the man and his wife and the little boy that she implored her employers to have burglar bars attached to the doors and windows of the house, and an alarm system installed. The wife said, She is right, let us take heed of her advice. So from every window and door in the house where they were living happily ever after they now saw the trees and sky through bars, and when the little boy"s pet cat tried to climb in by the fanlight to keep him company in his little bed at night, as it customarily had done, it set off the alarm keening through the house.The alarm was often answered—it seemed—by other burglar alarms, in other houses, that had been triggered by pet cats or nibbling mice. The alarms called to one another across the gardens in shrills and bleats and wails that everyone soon became accustomed to, so that the din roused the inhabitants of the suburb no more than the croak of frogs and musical grating of cicadas" legs. Under cover of the electronic harpies" discourse intruders sawed the iron bars and broke into homes, taking away hi-fi equipment, television sets, cassette players, cameras and radios, jewelry and clothing, and sometimes were hungry enough to devour everything in the refrigerator or paused audaciously to drink the whisky in the cabinets or patio bars. Insurance companies paid no compensation for single malt, a loss made keener by the property owner"s knowledge that the thieves wouldn"t even have been able to appreciate what it was they were drinking.Then the time came when many of the people who were not trusted housemaids and gardeners hung about the suburb because they were unemployed. Some importuned for a job: weeding or painting a roof; anything, baas (boss), madam. But the man and his wife remembered the warning about taking on anyone off the street. Some drank liquor and fouled the street with discarded bottles. Some begged, waiting for the man or his wife to drive the car out of the electronically operated gates. They sat about with their feet in the gutters, under the jacaranda trees that made a green tunnel of the street—for it was a beautiful suburb, spoilt only by their presence—and sometimes they fell asleep lying right before the gates in the midday sun. The wife could never see anyone go hungry. She sent the trusted housemaid out with bread and tea but the trusted housemaid said these were loafers and tsotsis (criminals), who would come and tie her and shut her in a cupboard. The husband said, She"s right. Take heed of her advice. You only encourage them with your bread and tea. They are looking for their chance... And he brought the little boy"s tricycle from the garden into the house every night, because if the house was surely secure, once locked and with the alarm set, someone might still be able to climb over the wall or the electronically closed gates into the garden.You are right, said the wife, then the wall should be higher. And the wise old witch, the husband"s mother, paid for the extra bricks as her Christmas present to her son and his wife-the little boy got a Space Man outfit and a book of fairy tales.But every week there were more reports of intrusion: in broad daylight and the dead of night in the early hours of the morning, and even in the lovely summer twilight-a certain family was at dinner while the bedrooms were being ransacked upstairs. The man and his wife, talking of the latest armed robbery in the suburb, were distracted by the sight of the little boy"s pet effortlessly arriving over the seven-foot wall, descending first with a rapid bracing of extended forepaws down on the sheer vertical surface, and then a graceful launch, landing with swishing tail within the property. The whitewashed wall was marked with the cat"s comings andgoings and on the street side of the wall there were larger red-earth smudges that could have been made by the kind of broken running shoes, seen on the feet of unemployed loiterers, that had no innocent destination.When the man and wife and little boy took the pet dog for its walk round the neighborhood streets they no longer paused to admire this show of roses or that perfect lawn; these were hidden behind an array of different varieties of security fences, walls and devices. The man, wife, little boy and dog passed a remarkable choice: there was the low-cost option of pieces of broken glass embedded in cement along the top of walls, there were iron grilles ending in lance-points, there were attempts at reconciling the aesthetics of prison architecture with the Spanish Villa (spikes painted pink) and with the plaster Urns of neoclassical facades (twelve-inch pikes finned like zigzags of lightning and painted pure white). Some walls had a small board affixed, giving the name and telephone number of the firm responsible for the installation of the devices. While the little boy and the pet dog raced ahead, the husband and wife found themselves comparing the possible effectiveness of each style against its appearance; and after several weeks when they paused before this barricade or that without needing to speak, both came out with the conclusion that only one was worth considering. It was the ugliest but the most honest in its suggestion of the pure concentration-camp style, no frills, all evident efficacy. Placed the length of walls, it consisted of a continuous coil of stiff and shining metal serrated into jagged blades, so that there would be no way of climbing over it and no way through its tunnel without getting entangled in its fangs. There would be no way out, only a struggle getting bloodier and bloodier, a deeper and sharper hooking and tearing of flesh. The wife shuddered to look at it. You"re right, said the husband, anyone would think twice... And they took heed of the advice on a small board fixed the, wall: Consult DRAGON"S TEETH The People For Total Security.Next day a gang of workmen came and stretched the razor-bladed coils all round the walls of the house where the husband and wife and little boy and pet dog and cat were living happily ever after. The sunlight flashed and slashed, off the serrations, the cornice of razor thorns encircled the home, shining. The husband said, Never mind. It will weather. The wife said, You"re wrong. They guarantee it"s rust-proof. And she waited until the little boy had run off to play before she said, I hope the cat will take heed... The husband said, Don"t worry, my dear, cats always look before they leap. And it was true that from that day on the cat slept in the little boy"s bed and kept to the garden, never risking a try at breaching security.One evening, the mother read the little boy to sleep with a fairy story from the book the wise old witch had given him at Christmas. Next day he pretended to be the Prince who braves the terrible thicket of thorns to enter the palace and kiss the Sleeping Beauty back to life: he dragged a ladder to the wall, the shining coiled tunnel was just wide enough for his little body to creep in, and with the first fixing of its razor-teeth in his knees and hands and head he screamed and struggled deeper into its tangle. The trusted housemaid and the itinerant gardener, whose "day" it was, came running, the first to see and to scream with him, and the itinerant gardener tore this hands trying to get at the little boy. Then the man and his wife burst wildly into the garden and for some reason (the cat, probably) the alarm set up wailing against the screams while the bleeding mass of the little boy was hacked out of the security coil with saws, wire-cutters, choppers, and they carried it-the man, the wife, the hysterical trusted housemaid and the weeping gardener-into the house.（分数：6.00）(1).Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around 200 words). (30 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Make a brief comment on the characterization of the man and his wife. (30 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Define the major theme of the following short story. (40 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Identify errors of logic or reasoning, if any, in the following arguments. Briefly explain the cause of error.（分数：10.00）(1).Luck is in contradiction to God"s sovereign plan, because Albert Einstein stated that, "God does not play dice."（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Voucher programs will not harm schools, since no one has ever proven that vouchers have harmed schools.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Mr. Wang is a great teacher because he is so wonderful at teaching.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).If you allow a camel to poke his nose into the tent, soon the whole camel will follow.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Statistic show that Hawaiians live longer than other Americans. If you want to live longer you should move to Hawaii.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

北外外交学历年考研试题

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试分析经济全球化对国际政治的影响。

当代国际关系与新中国外交一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、中英联合声明2、遏制战略3、哈尔斯坦主义4、斋月战争5、“一边倒”政策6、非洲联盟二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述欧盟的扩大。

2、冷战结束后中俄关系的主要特点。

3、中国解决华侨问题的原则立场。

4、尼克松主义的战略意义。

三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试分析冷战结束后日本对外政策的调整及其对亚太国际关系的影响2、试分析20世纪80年代以来中国外交政策的调整2005年国际政治概论一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、《京都议定书》2、中间地带3、北美自由贸易区4、《不扩散核武器条约》5、相互依存6、阿尔弗雷德马汉二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、当代恐怖主义有何特点？2、建构主义国际关系理论的基本内容3、简述国际法在当代国际关系中的作用4、如何认识国际政治中的个人因素？三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试评析当前国际关系理论中的几种不同安全观2、伊拉克战争对国际关系的影响当代国际关系与新中国外交一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、“八一七”公报2、中东和平路线图计划3、三八线4、上海合作组织5、《马斯特里赫特条约》6、万隆会议二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述苏伊士运河危机及其影响2、近年来中日两国政治关系困难的症结何在？3、中国开展多边外交的原则立场是什么？4、简析冷战结束后北约东扩的影响三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、从东亚区域合作看中国的多边外交政策2、试析20世纪60年代国际关系的特点2006年国际政治概论一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、国家利益2、功能主义3、约翰米尔斯海默4、合作安全5、“广场协议”6、民主和评论二、简答题（每题12分，共48分）1、简述能源问题对当前国际政治的影响2、第三世界国家的政治体制类型主要有哪些？各有什么特点？3、什么是世界体系？世界体系具有哪些特征？4、如何理解国际关系中的“囚徒困境”？三、论述题（每题36分，共72分）1、试从干涉理论的发展变化，看冷战结束前后的联合国维和行动。

北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试试题(样卷)

北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试试题（样卷）招生专业：翻译学科目名称：英汉互译（笔译）（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following passage into Chinese and write yourtranslation on the answer sheet. (50 points)Between Demond’s excursions he like s to accompany me to the Chinese Theatre, of which I had become a fervent votary. Peking is as much the home of the Chinese Theatre as Hollywood is of the films. I had invited many friends to performances that I thought wonderful, but after a very short time they pleaded earache, headache or frank boredom and beat a hasty retreat. Desmond was one of the rare exceptions: he understood instinctively the Chinese drama was the most vital of the traditional arts.A Pekingese enthusiast is mainly concerned with the vocal side of the drama: he goes to the theater to enjoy sustained and difficult flights of falsetto (假声) singing in a sociable atmosphere. The plot, which always drives home a sound moral, is a subsidiary attraction, and the same plays are performed year in year out to packed houses of listeners as critical as the audience of an opera in Italy. As for me, I was first struck by parallels with the Elizabethan stage.The Chinese Theatre provided that ideal synthesis of the arts which I had always been seeking, a synthesis which only the Russian Ballet had approached in Europe. It was a harmonious combination of dialogue, singing, dancing and acrobatics. The beauty of costume, make-up and movement, the subtlety of the pantomime（哑剧）, were thrilling even when one was ignorant of the plot and indifferent to the music. The technique of Chinese actors made scenery superfluous. Everything on this stage was simplified and intensified.The stage itself projected squarely into the audience without a drop curtain, though an embroidered curtain might hang at the back between the two doors for actors’ entrances and exits, and the few stage properties were symbolic. On this bare jutting platform only the comedians were allowed to be clumsy; all the others, who specialized in a certain type of role from which they never deviated, had to move with dignity, elegance and grace. In the popular drama, which had been perfected in Peking since the eighteen century, I preferred the ‘military’ or chronicle plays reviving remote periods of Chinese history in a shrill, vivid, stylized succession of tableaux（舞台造型）, teeming with characters in sumptuous costumes who performed dazzling feats in mimic battle, prodigies of swift, supple and precise sword-play, to the staid and sentimental ‘civil’ plays, with their demu re heroines, so correctly Confucian and tantalizingly deliberate, and their righteous elders warbling into the most improbableof beards.The rhythmic beauty of the battle-scenes was intoxicating; they heightened one’s blood pressure. And the technical resources of the actors seemed infinite. Being peaceable by nature, the Chinese reserved their few bellicose（好战的）strains for the theatre, where they became sublimated and polished by art. Sipping tea and nibbling melon seeds, they blandly watched the evolution of generals more ferocious than anything outside the jungle. To the clash of gongs, each carrying his favourite weapon, as decorative as it could be dangerous, the generals in gorgeous coats of mail（盔甲）strutted up like giant fighting cocks with vast plumes in their helmets, showing the thick white soles of buskin-like boots as they advanced in perfect tempo; then they juggled with their weapons to exhibit their skills. No two were alike in costume or make-up. The generals formed ranks while the supreme commander swaggered into their midst. In voices of thunder they proclaimed that they were wolves, tigers and leopards eager for the fray. The supreme commander boasted that his army of heroes would sweep his enemies off the face of the earth. (598)II.Translate the following passage into English and write yourtranslation on the answer sheet. (50 points).大宛之迹*，见*自张骞。

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