西方文化期末论文

Features and Development of the Ancient Greek Sculptures1. IntroductionGreece is Europe's first creation of ancient civilization, its culture has a great impact on the future development of European culture, ancient Greece was later hailed as the cradle of Western civilization, one of the ancient Greek civilization, the most prominent achievement is sculpture in the world, occupies an important position in the history of art, history continues to move forward with the flow, Greek civilization and progress in continuous improvement, along with Greek sculpture in constant evolution. In Greek civilization through Homer, Ancient, Classical, Hellenistic period, while the four Greek sculpture with its unique way to witness it forward imprinted at different times in different forms of civilization, which recorded its pace in the following. However, especially in the most prominent human sculpture, which is closely related to religious ideas of the Greeks and physical exercise, especially sculpture in classical and Hellenistic periods as the entire Western sculpture art foundation.2. Factors affecting Greek sculpture art form2.1 Social structure and the system of the Ancient GreeksSlavery in ancient Greece to adopt a democracy, the city’s rulers ware Freedmen (genus slave class) elected to make this city the Freedman creativity would be some attention. Therefore, it is the overall development of the ancient Greek culture and the arts to create favorable conditions for politically.The Greeks seek social system is only as their fitness regime, harmonious and comprehensive development. In this social climate, the city government into a management performances and sports clubs, is the civic institutions to develop arts and sports talent.(Anita•canary, 2007)2.2 Religious ideas of the ancient GreeksIn Ancient Greece, religion is an integral part of city life, which penetrated into every aspect of city life, it explains the world of matter, the daily ritual activities and a variety of social systems, but also aroused the creative inspiration for poets and artists.(Global History110),It is also proved that the Homeric poems full prominence as the essential information.Greek sculpture of material, mostly from the Greek religion gods, myths and rituals and so on.（Huang Meng, 2007) the ancient Greek gods in worship, but also acknowledged the great and noble man himself, I believe that the wisdom and strength, attention to people’s real life and the real world.Greeksculpture became closely linked with the interests of the city reflects the collective religious person.the primary goal is to show the myth of painting scenes. Because God and man have no strict distinction, so to show God, you have to study people, to understand human anatomy. This is the Greek sculpture is one important reason why special attention to the body’s shape.2.3 Ancient Greeks’spirit of Advocating sports in societyDue to the continual outbreak of war in Ancient Greece,you need to train able-bodied, agile, soldiers having fighting ability, so there is respect for the ancient Greek sport in cational ideals of the ancient Greeks, is to develop so-called beauty of the soul through exercise body building physique, that is aesthetic education, the promotion of human wisdom combined with physical exercise.(Anita•canary, 2007)2.4 Aesthetic concepts and aesthetic ideals of the ancient GreeksGreeks have long noted that the beauty exploration.The Greeks thought: the United States after all part of the whole thing is made to reconcile the relationship generated. And seek to reconcile the beauty of this is directly derived from the human body. They believe that the human body is beautiful, consider the performance of the human body is found in the wisdom of the universe can and order. They put this concept is extended to architecture, sculpture, etc.Exploring what proportion of the number in order to produce beautiful results. Therefore, the standard ratio sculptor who repeatedly explore the human body, which also aims at looking for what kind of criteria in order to show the beauty of the human physique, giving a harmonious beauty. This also allows the artist to avoid describing those physical disability and mental morbid things, to show the perfect mind and body healthy, which became the subjectof Greek art is inherent.3.Greek sculpture art features in development3.1 Geometric period (10th-8th century BC)Geometric style typical relics unearthed in Athens largepottery - a variety of vases, Tao Bo, and some have one high, isthe burial goods, because a large number found in Di Fu Longdistrict of Athens, which is also Heracles DeGeneres and 图一赫拉克勒斯与萨提洛斯，公元前750年，高11.3cm，青铜，纽约爱托玻利坦美术馆，荷马时期，Los Sati Homeric picture（1）period engraving mainly used for ritual and funerary terracotta and bronze figurines. Hercules and Sati Los is the representative works of this period. Works drawn from Greek mythology: Hercules in Greek mythology’s most prestigious heroes and Hercules;Los Sati is the lowest level of forest mythology gods, specially the harvest, in mythology, he portrayed as lazy, lustful half man, half beast monster. Figurines concise style to simple geometric image of nudity, intends to highlight the features, we can see is a continuation of the clan society of worship. Although the image of concise but not dull, full of dynamic sense and convey emotions. Sati took Heracles Los hands as if to say something, very human endeavor. Hercules and Los Sati, 750 BC, high 11.3cm, bronze, glass Litan Niuyueaituo Gallery, Homer period, sculpture is called Di Fu Long bottles. History of Western sculpture.(Ray h. Ken bair，1989 )3.2 Archaic period (6th century BC)Archaic sculpture maturing an important turning point, there has been a lot of excellent sculptures. Especially in young men and women as the main object of the sculpture, the 6th century before becoming the most popular style of sculpture in the round. Achievement of this is so prominent that future generations will be exclusively for young men and women of this era like antiquity called Kuluo Si (Kouros) and Cora (Kore), and to make them the highest representative of the achievements of the Archaic period sculpture. And from the content, the various types of gods, heroes, and people will come out to blame attached image, greatly enriched the creative content sculptor.Archaic period is the biggest change from the past turned to stone structure completely wooden based, at least in the temples and other public buildings is the case, and this change is accompanied by the establishment of classical column. In sculpture, the Greeks began working human anatomy, so that the statue is more realistic.3.3 Classical PeriodOf the period classical a big step forward in sculpture is more lively sculpture, standing out like a stiff stiff steering gesture full of dynamic movement. This shift may be related technology and materials related to sculpture. Another factor affecting the development of classical art, and that is the philosophy of the Pythagorean proposition. Pichia the number deemed primitive things, focus on digging behind the relationship between the number of things and give some figures sacred and mystical meanings.In the classical period, Artists to the beauty have an ideal pursuit, not just limited to the realprototype. Famous painter Francis universe story is a good example. There are two versions of the story. One resident said Crowe East chou Sith please draw portraits Helen of Troy, another version is said to be the city of Accra Fidel who asked him to draw the goddess Hera. In short, the universe of the Sith focused on the city’s five most beautiful girl, everyone will most beautiful qualities combined, thus making it an impeccable goddess.3.4. Hellenistic periodGeographical distribution of Hellenistic sculpture has been limited to mainland Greece, In addition, because it is mainly the Hellenistic kingdom court services, natural exhibits the pursuit of luxury, exquisite form of exaggeration and other ills, and advocate of pure classical style, such as the principle of some reasonable distance.（/blog/static/43048050201092792354872/In the Hellenistic period, depending on the religious art has changed. Correspondingly credibility of myth and religion has been questioned, art is also facing a dilemma, its traditional themes will be reduced to the status of fiction. Art was forced to open up new areas through to find a way out.In addition, the great changes arts funders and their needs during this period took place. Religious art and commemorative functions traditionally Although with the construction of new cities and growing, but more importantly, the Hellenistic rulers sacred status to advocate to promote the development of the portrait, while a large number of private donors and collectors home care little for the value of art in public places, but about why art interesting and beautiful features. Art becomes a commodity into the market, which makes art more diverse, but also brought a tendency ideal factors artwork tends to atrophy.(A.S. Murray，2007)4.ConclusionGreek sculpture art was idealistic, simple, emphasizing commonalities, elegant and refined, in a nutshell,which is the elegant and serene great. Throughout the Western art tradition, the ancient Greek sculpture occupies a very important position. Western art advocates a model pattern, dignified artistic character and spirit of strict realism, can be said to begin in ancient Greece. Over the years, this art has been nourishing essence of Western art going. With the development of ancient Greek sculpture of ancient Greek civilization, with its own unique way to witness and record the great civilizations.References安妮塔•加纳利，2007年6月，《希腊文明》北京科学技术A.S.默里著，2007年5月版，《古希腊雕塑史》浙江美术出版社傅琼，2006，《掷铁饼者像》的创新精神及其土壤，《历史教学》第11期, 61-64黄萌，2007，论希腊艺术和希腊宗教的关系，《湖南科技学院学报》第28 卷第6 期，182-183雷.H.肯拜尔著，1989年8月版，《世界雕塑史》浙江美术学院出版社齐宇飞，2007，从古希腊雕塑艺术看希腊的人文精神，《科技信息》第31期，196汪瑞，2012，探寻古希腊艺术(一)，《域外▪域外经典》第5期，139-146汪瑞，2012，探寻古希腊艺术(二)，《域外▪域外经典》第6期，140-145张烨上海大学副教授，2014，希腊雕塑之美，《中文自修》33-34朱光潜，2011年12月版，《西方美学史》商务印书馆《全球通史》第五章110页(古希腊美术——雕塑（二）/blog/static/43048050201092792354872/)(古希腊雕塑艺术形成的原因/question/209094270.html )。