跨文化交际论文参考问题
中国跨文化交际研究的现状、问题与建议
中国跨文化交际研究的现状、问题与建议随着经济全球化和文化多元化的发展，跨文化交际越来越成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
在这样的背景下，中国跨文化交际研究的重要性也越来越受到关注。
本文将从现状、问题和建议三个方面来探讨中国跨文化交际研究的现状，以期为相关研究提供一些有益的思路和建议。
一、现状1. 研究领域广泛中国跨文化交际研究已经涉及到了包括语言、文化、教育、商务、政治等多个领域，研究的内容也非常丰富，包括语言交际、文化传播、跨文化教育、跨国企业管理、国际政治关系等方面，形成了一个比较完整的研究体系。
2. 学科门类齐全中国跨文化交际研究已经形成了比较完整的学科门类，包括语言学、翻译学、应用语言学、社会学、心理学、教育学、国际关系学、管理学等多个学科门类，这些学科门类为跨文化交际研究提供了丰富的理论和研究方法。
3. 研究水平提高近年来，中国跨文化交际研究的水平得到了很大提高。
国内的一些高校和研究机构已经开展了很多跨文化交际方面的研究项目，发表了不少高水平的学术论文和研究成果，在国际上也开始得到了越来越多的认可。
二、问题1. 理论研究滞后与国外相比，中国跨文化交际研究的理论研究有些滞后。
尽管在研究领域广泛和学科门类齐全的基础上，中国跨文化交际研究已经形成了比较完整的研究体系，但是在理论创新和深化方面还存在不足。
2. 方法论不够成熟中国跨文化交际研究的方法论也存在着一些问题。
虽然学科门类齐全，但是在实践中，很多研究者对于研究方法的选择和运用还存在困惑和不足。
同时，中国跨文化交际研究的实证研究方法也需要进一步完善和拓展。
3. 研究的应用价值不足中国跨文化交际研究的研究成果在实践中的应用价值还不足。
很多研究成果只停留在学术界，缺乏对商务、政治、文化等实际应用领域的推广和应用。
这也导致了研究成果的实际价值不够充分体现。
三、建议1. 加强理论创新和深化在研究领域广泛和学科门类齐全的基础上，中国跨文化交际研究需要加强理论创新和深化，推动研究领域的不断拓展和深化。
跨文化交际中的主要障碍及对策
跨文化交际中的主要障碍及对策摘要：随着经济全球化的发展，中国与外界的交往日益频繁，跨文化交际问题受到了外语界乃至整个社会前所未有的重视。
不同的民族有着不同的文化，不同的文化必然存在有文化的差异，因此可能会导致种种的交际失误。
所以，研究跨文化交际中的障碍问题，以及如何有效地解决，清除这种障碍对于中国的外语教学和社会经济文化生活具有极为重要的现实意义。
本文从跨文化交际的内涵和意义入手，分析和探讨了跨文化交际中存在的主要障碍，并通过对跨文化交际实例的分析，阐述了障碍产生的原因和消极影响，最后提出了如何克服这些障碍，实现有效的跨文化沟通的基本策略。
通过掌握这些策略，可以逐步提高我们的跨文化意识，成功地进行跨文化交际。
关键词：跨文化交际；障碍；策略CONTENTSIntroduction: (1)1.Intercultural Communication (1)1.1 Communication (1)1.1.1 Definition of Communication (1)1.1.2 Components of Communication (1)1.1.3 Characteristics of Communication (2)1.2 Culture (3)1.2.1 Definition of Culture (3)1.2.2 Components of Culture (3)1.2.3 Characteristics of Culture (3)1.3 Intercultural Communication (4)1.3.1 Definition of Intercultural Communication (4)1.3.2 The Development of Intercultural Communication (5)1.3.3 The Study of Intercultural Communication (5)2. Obstacles to Intercultural Communication (6)2.1 Assuming Similarity (7)2.1.1 Definition of Assuming Similarity (7)2.1.2 The Performance of Assuming Similarity (7)2.1.3 The Forming Reason of Assuming Similarity (8)2.2 Stereotypes (9)2.2.1 Definition of Stereotypes (9)2.2.2 The Performance of Stereotypes (9)2.2.3 The Impact of Stereotypes (10)2.3 Ethnocentrism (11)2.3.1 Definition of Ethnocentrism (11)2.3.2 The Performance of Ethnocentrism (11)2.3.3 The Impact of Ethnocentrism (13)3. Strategies for Coping With The Obstacles (14)3.1 Knowing Yourself (14)3.1.1 Know Your Culture (14)3.1.2 Know Your Personal Attitudes (15)3.1.3 Know Your Communication Style (15)3.2 Knowing the Cultural Settings (16)3.2.1 Timing (16)3.2.2 Physical Setting (17)3.2.3 Customs (17)3.3 Developing Empathy (18)3.3.1 Definition of Empathy (18)3.3.2 Hindrances to Empathy (18)3.3.3 Improving Empathy (19)4. Conclusion (20)Bibliography (22)IntroductionWe are now in a world, which is sometimes referred to as a “global village”. With the rapid development of international trade, improved technologies of communication and the tendency of globalization，more and more exchanges are taking place internationally in almost every line, which may call for a better study on intercultural communication in order to help those intercultural activities result in better effects.I. Intercultural Communicationmunication1.1.1. Definition of CommunicationIt is difficult to find a single definition of human communication. Being concerned with the intercultural dimensions of communication, we assent to the definition advanced by Rubin and Stewart:”Human communication is the process through which individuals—in relationships, groups, organizations, and societies—respond to and create messages to adapt to the environment and one another （Rubin and Stewart 1998）.”Communication—our ability to share our ideas and feelings—is the basis of all human contacts. Whether we live in a city in the USA, a village in India, a commune in Israel, we all participate in the same activity when we communicate. The results and the methods might be different, but the process is the same.1.1.2. Components of CommunicationAll communication contains six basic components. First is the source. A source is a sender of information. He or she could send a message with or without knowing his or her actions were communication.The second component is encoding, which describes the producing of a symbolic message. Encoding is an internal activity in which verbal and nonverbal symbols are selected and arranged. It is the process of translating an already conceived idea into a message appropriate for transmission to a receiver.The third component, a message, is the production of encoding. The message is aset of verbal and nonverbal symbols that represents the feelings and ideas of the sender. It also includes symbolic messages that the sender is totally unaware of having sent.Channel is the fourth communication component. The channel provides that necessary connection between the communication participants. The primary channels are sound and sight. The degree to which an individual relies on one channel or another is often a product of culture.Receiver is the fifth component. The receiver is the person or persons who come into contact with the message. Receivers may be those for whom the sender intended or they may be others who, for whatever reasons, come into contact with the message.Decoding is the sixth component. In the decoding process, the receiver interprets what he or she believes the source meant by the message transmitted. This operation is akin to the source’s act of encoding since it is also an internal activity—an activity often referred to as information processing.1.1.3. Characteristics of CommunicationCommunication is a dynamic process. It means that communication is an ongoing activity. It is like a motion picture, not a single snapshot. A single word or action does not stay frozen when we communicate; it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action. Once a word or an action is employed, it cannot be retracted. What is said cannot be unsaid. And what is done cannot be undone.Communication is symbolic. Humans are symbol-making creatures. We are able to generate, receive, store, and manipulate symbols. We employ symbols to share our internal states. Our words and actions are other sets of symbols through which we convey our messages, ideas and feelings to other people.Communication has a consequence. This characteristic implies that when we receive a message, something happens to us. It also means that all of our messages, in one degree or another does something to someone else. We cannot send messages without influencing other people. This is not a philosophical or metaphysical theory but a biological fact. It is impossible not to respond to the sounds and actions of others.1.2.Culture1.2.1.Definition of CultureThere are more than one hundred definitions of the English word culture offered by researchers from different perspectives. Samovar and Porter evolved a definition from the perspective of intercultural communication:Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notion of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving （Samovar and Porter 1991）.Culture is mental programming, it tells us from early childhood what matters, what to prefer, what to avoid, and what to do. It gives us assumptions about the ideal beyond what individuals may experience. It establishes codes for behavior and provides justification and legitimization for that behavior.ponents of CultureIn spite of the lack of agreement on one definition on culture, most scholars, Chinese and foreign, seem to agree that culture includes three major aspects. Almaney and Alwan submitted three categories of culture elements:Cultures may be classified by three large categories of elements: artifacts (which include items ranging from arrowheads to hydrogen bombs, magic charms to antibiotic, torches to electric lights, and chariots to jet planes); concepts (which include such beliefs or value systems as right or wrong, God and man, ethics, and the general meaning of life); and behaviors (which refer to the actual practice of concepts or beliefs) （Rogers and Steinfatt 1999）.There is an excellent example of how these three aspects might be reflected within a culture. Whereas money is considered an artifact, the value placed upon it is a concept, but the actual spending and saving of money is behavior.1.2.3.Characteristics of CultureCulture is learned. Culture is not something we are born with. From infancy on, members of a culture learn their patterns of behavior and ways of thinking until they have become internalized. People learn to think, act, feel and believe what their culture considers proper. For instance, humans need food. But what to eat, when, where and how to eat is learned. That’s why we use chopsticks while westerners prefer knife and fork, and why we like rice while Americans prefer bread.Culture is subject to change. Cultures, once formed, are stable, but are at the same time changing with the development of human society. It seldom remains constant. It is not difficult at all for us to think of examples of how social and historical events bring changes in our culture. The founding of new China, the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world and China’s WTO entry, are all good examples.Culture is interrelated. It means that culture is composed of interrelated facets. When you touch one place of a culture, everything else is affected. The outbreak of SARS in spring 2003 in China is an illustrative example. It made its effects felt in medical systems, tourism, lifestyle, family life, government policies, environment protection and many others.Culture is invisible. Most of culture is hidden, like the part of the iceberg under water. Culture exists in the subconscious mind of people. People not only learn the cultural behaviors below the level of consciousness but also perform them almost habitually. Therefore they aren’t aware of the fact that their actions are governed by their own culture, or cultural rules.1.3.Intercultural Communication1.3.1. Definition of Intercultural CommunicationIn general terms, intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. The formal definition given by Rogers and Steinfatt is that intercultural communication is the exchange of information between individuals who are unalike culturally（Rogers and Steinfatt 1999）.This is a very broad definition, involving any type of cultural differences betweencommunication participants. They may differ in nationality, region, race, religion, status, occupation, gender, age, and many others. However, my priority of this paper is given to communication across different national cultures.1.3.2. The Development of Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural communication studies arose in the United States around the corner of the late 1950s. As an interdisciplinary subject, it has been significantly influenced by anthropology, linguistics, communication, psychology and other disciplines. In recent years, it has extended its study range from writing to thinking, from family to society, from myth to religion, from behaviors to values.In China, intercultural communication began to be seen as an independent discipline for study in the early 1980s. It was first introduced into China by some English teachers and has made remarkable progress over the years. The main reason for the university English teachers’enthusiasm in the study of intercultural communication is the shift from traditional methodology to the communicative approach in EFL in China in the late 1970s and early 1980s.As a matter of fact, intercultural communication is not a new thing, but something that has always taken place. A typical example is the famous “Silk Road” in Chinese history through which peoples of Asia, Africa and Europe interacted with each other.Nowadays, we don’t have to go abroad to interact with people of other cultures. Even at home, we can watch overseas movies, attract overseas tourists, and employ overseas teachers, and so on. Intercultural communication has become more frequent, more abundant and, therefore, more significant than ever before.1.3.3. The Study of Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural communication is becoming an important part of our daily work and life. We will conduct more and more intercultural communication, the problem we are facing is how to do it, and how to do it well. A good knowledge of a foreign language, mainly English—the most widely used language in the world today, is of course indispensable. But only the language does not ensure successful interculturalcommunication. Therefore, intercultural communication competence has become an important quality for successful individuals in today’s China.In the process of studying intercultural communication, we can understand Chinese culture better from new perspectives and learn to be aware of many cultural differences of other countries.If we are better intercultural communicators, we might do things cross culture more confidently. If each of us can better understand others who are culturally different, it will be more productive under circumstances concerned. If individuals can attain a higher degree of intercultural communication competence, they will presumably become better government officials, entrepreneurs, teachers and so forth when they are having intercultural communication activities.We study intercultural communication to communicate effectively with people from different cultures. Through the study of intercultural communication we can gain insight into different cultures. Meanwhile, it can broaden our horizons and open our minds to different perspectives and experiences. The study of intercultural communication can also awaken our cultural sensitivity and help the cultivation of an open attitude and the development of a healthy personality.II.Obstacles To Intercultural CommunicationAs we mentioned in Part One, communication is the exchange of information. The understanding of the message, verbal or nonverbal, is largely based on the communication participant’s cultural background and varies accordingly for each person.However, due to different social backgrounds, social systems, ways of thinking, norms of behaviors and customs, people may have difficulties and obstacles in communicating successfully with each other. Identification of these problems will help us to avoid or to reduce obstacles in intercultural communication. Here in this part some major obstacles to successful intercultural communication are to be discussed.There are many obstacles to intercultural communication indeed. From HuWenzhong’s point of view, who is a famous scholar in intercultural communication, the following three seem to be the most outstanding ones. They are assuming similarity, stereotypes and ethnocentrism. We are going to discuss about them in the following writing.2.1 Assuming Similarity2.1.1. Definition of Assuming SimilarityThe assumption of similarity is one of the biggest barriers in intercultural communication. It refers to the assumption that people are more similar to you than they actually are or that another person’s situation is more similar to your own situation than it in fact is （Alder 1996）. For instance, a Chinese assumes his or her Japanese colleagues are more like Chinese than they actually are. Based on this assumed similarity, people often act inappropriately and ineffectively in intercultural communication.When you assume similarity between cultures you can be caught unaware of important differences. When you have no information about a different culture, you might assume there are no differences so you behave as you would in your own culture. However, each culture is different and unique to some degree.2.1.2. The Performance of Assuming SimilarityIn The Art of Crossing Cultures，Craig Storti (1990)thinks that in the process of intercultural communication, people generally experience several stages:1) Expecting others the same as themselves2) Facing gap between reality and expectation, thus resulting in cultural conflicts3) Feeling anger and fear4) Deciding to turn backThe following is an example to illustrate it. Li Ying, a Chinese student who went abroad for the first time was invited to attend a party by his American friends. He arrived on time, only to find that many people were late and dressed in a very casual way. At the party, there was only some drink and simple food, but no decent dishes.Few people there knew him, and he at last found Mark, his friend, and began to talk with him. They talked about only ten minutes before Mark said that he had to talk with another friend and left. Li Ying was very disappointed. Then, the host introduced him to a couple of people and left too. Two hours later, Li Ying left the party. When he was back at home, he was still hungry, so he had to cook some noodles himself. He decided not to take part in this kind of party again.This party was an unsuccessful intercultural communication for Li Ying. Why did he fail? It has something to do with his original ideas. In his opinion, people should arrive on time at party and should wear formal clothes, the host should prepare a lot of food and make a good arrangement for him, and Mark should talk with him all the time. Li Ying had a typical Chinese expectation for a western party. At a western party, the friends and the host, have their own things to do. Li Ying thought it was the same situation as in China and did not see the difference between Chinese and American styles in social intercourses. The lack of intercultural communication awareness and experience resulted in the failure.2.1.3. The Forming Reason of Assuming SimilarityWhen communicating with people from other cultures, the individual, assuming similarity when differences exist, is likely to treat them as” my people” and assume there is only way of doing things: that is “my” way.It is understandable that people would think the others should have roughly the same ideas as they have. As a matter of fact, each member of a society is culture bound and culture specific. Everyone in a society is unconsciously socialized into his or her society, influenced unconsciously by his or her own cultural values, world views and norms. We think the way we do, we behave the way we do, we feel the way we do. However, we must accept the facts that as cultures differ, we are unalike, and being unalike, we seldom know how people of different cultures think, behave, and feel.As we naively assume that people of other cultures are like us, we tend to automatically use the norms or rules underlying our thinking, behaving and feeling as standards to judge, evaluate and interpret the behavior or message, both verbal andnonverbal, of people of different cultures, and in doing so, misunderstanding is inevitable.People should constantly remind themselves of different cultural backgrounds and different customs. We must learn to observe the different cultures and compare the new culture with our own; only by doing so, we can gradually improve our intercultural awareness.2.2 Stereotypes2.2.1. Definition of StereotypesStereotypes are also one of the major obstacles to effective intercultural communication. The word “stereotyping” was first used by journalist Walter Lippman in 1922 to describe judgments made about others on the basis of their ethnic group membership. Today, the term is more broadly used to refer to judgments made on the basis of any group membership.Stereotypes are the perceptions or beliefs we hold about groups or individuals based on previously formed opinions and attitudes. Rapport and Overing underscore this point when they note that “stereotypes allow simplistic and fantastic claims to be made about a group’s manifold memberships, claims which are all more ambiguous and gross the higher the societal level to which the collective label is applied（Rapport and Overing 2000）.”2.2.2. The Performance of StereotypesThe world we confront is too big, too complex, and too transitory to know it in all its detail. Therefore, human beings have a psychological need to categorize and classify. Stereotypes, because they tend to be convenient and expeditious, help us with classification.In stereotyping people, it is believed that all the people of a given group share the same characteristics. They simplify perception of people from different cultures. Therefore, differences existing between or among people of that group is minimized or ignored.We often meet people from different cultures, about whom we have very little knowledge. It is easy to take the short cut and employ stereotypes. For instance, if we perceive all the Chinese as polite, Americans as generous, British as cold and standoffish, or blacks as athletic, sportsmen as dimwits, blondes as empty-headed and Japanese women as best caretakers, we are stereotyping.In this manner，people tend to say, “A ll Chinese are…” or “He is an English man; therefore he must…” Such conclusions take little energy, and are free from any further serious thinking about that specific character. That may lead people to ignore the specific characteristics of an individual with a different cultural background. This is a kind of communication trap we should avoid.A tragedy in US history resulted from the stereotypes. During World War II , anti-Japanese propaganda convinced many people in the United States that the Japanese were cunning, tricky and willing to fight to the death to win. The negative stereotype was mainly formed by news accounts carried by the media about the war. However, it created an atmosphere in 1942 in which the US federal government put 110,000 citizens of Japanese ancestry into internment camps. Japanese-Americans were forced to leave their homes, with their businesses, and their possessions behind because the stereotype portrayed them as threats to their own country（Rogers and Steinfatt 1999）.2.2.2. The Impact of StereotypesAdler reminds us of the harmful effect that stereotypes have on intercultural communication when she notes:”Stereotypes become counterproductive when we place people in the wrong groups, when we incorrectly describe the group norm, when we inappropriately evaluate the group or category, when we confuse the stereotype with the description of a particular individual, and when we fail to modify the stereotype based on our actual observations and experience （Alder 1996）.”Stereotypes are harmful because they impede intercultural communication in at least four ways:First, stereotypes fail to specify individual characteristics. That is to say,stereotypes assume that all members of a group have exactly the same traits. As Atkinson, Morten, and Sue note,” They are rigid preconceptions which are applied to all members of a group or to an individual over a period of time, regardless of individual variations（Atkinson，Morten and Wing Su 1982）.”In other words, they don’t recognize internal differences within a group, and do not recognize exceptions to its general rules or principles.Second, stereotypes also keep us from being successful as communicators because they are over-simplified, over-generalized, and exaggerated. They are based on half-truths, distortions, and often untrue premises. Therefore, they create inaccurate pictures of the people with whom we are interacting. As Guirdham posits,” Stereotype distort intercultural communication because they lead people to base their messages, their way of transmitting them, and their reception of them on false assumptions （Guirdham 1999）.”Third, stereotypes tend to impede intercultural communication in that they repeat and reinforce beliefs until they often become taken for “truth.”The stereotype of women as “homemakers”often keeps women from advancing in the workplace. Women were stereotypes as a rather one dimensional group for many years.Finally, stereotypes can serve as “self-fulfilling prophecies.” Gudykunst reiterates this idea when he notes,” Stereotype can create self-fulfilling prophecies. Individuals tend to see behavior that confirms their expectations, even when it is absent （Gudykunst 2001）.”Once the stereotype is in place, there is a tendency to perceive the stereotyped person engaging in behavior that corroborates your stereotype—even when the behavior is not present.2.3 Ethnocentrism2.3.1. Definition of EthnocentrismThe third major obstacle to effective intercultural communication to be discussed here is ethnocentrism. The word “ethnocentrism”is derived from two Greek words: ethnos, or “nation”; and kentron, or “center.”Sumner，used to be credited with introducing the term to the study of culture, defined ethnocentrism as “the technicalname for the view of things in which ones own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it （Sumner 1940）.”In other words, ethnocentrism refers to understanding and measuring other culture according to its own cultural concepts and standards, including people’s behavior, communication, social customs, values and other management models. Because of ethnocentrism, we tend to view our own cultural values and ways of doing things as more real, or as the “right”.2.3.2. The Performance of EthnocentrismPeople communicate to have an effect on others. They want people to believe as they believe, to look at the world as they do, to know things as they want others to know. Many of these communication objectives involve intent to influence the behaviors of others, to persuade them to a certain point of view. When some members of a culture negatively judge another culture by using standards of their own culture, believing that their own culture is superior, the members are thought to be ethnocentric.The existence of ethnocentrism is not limited to recent historic times. The early Greeks used the term barbarians to refer to those people living around them who did not speak Greek. Because they did not speak Greek, the ancient Persians and Egyptians were considered by the Greeks to be inferior.In today’s world, people will not openly claim that their own culture is superior to other cultures. But people unconsciously tend to make judgments based on their own value systems. All cultures seem to have a tendency to be superior. For instance, ethnocentrism is often expressed in the way people draw their maps. The Chinese were convinced that China was the center of the world. The British drew the Prime Meridian of longitude to run through Greenwich, near London. Europeans drew maps of the world with Europe at the center, and North Americans with the New World at the center.As a major obstacle to intercultural communication, ethnocentrism may take one form or another. “The Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale” by Neuliep and McCroskeyin Intercultural Communication by Rogers and Steinfatt lists twelve forms of ethnocentrism:1)Most other cultures are backward compared to my culture.2)My culture should be the role model for other cultures.3)Other cultures should try to be more like my culture.4)Most people from other cultures just don’t know what’s good for them.5)I have little respect for the values and customs of other cultures.6)Most people would be happier if they lived like people in my culture.7)People in my culture have just about the best lifestyles of anywhere.8)Lifestyles in other cultures are not as valid as those in my culture.9)I do not cooperate with people who are different.10)I do not trust people who are different.11)I dislike interacting with people from different cultures.12)Other cultures are smart to look up to my culture（Rogers and Steinfatt 1999）2.3.3. The Impact of EthnocentrismOne culture teaches its members, in a variety of ways, how to judge others and what to use as criteria for those judgments. The danger of such evaluation is that they are often false, misleading, and arbitrary. It is truly a naive view of the world to believe and behave as if the members of the culture and the very culture have discovered the true and only set of norms.It is natural to look at things from one’s own point of view and to read an event as if it were the same everywhere in the word. And it is easy to feel proud of one’s own culture, country, organization or group. But many problems arise if one simply thinks one’s way is the best way, or the only way in intercultural communication. Because of its habitual nature, ethnocentrism is hard to overcome and often causes miscommunication in intercultural contacts.The more ethnocentric the communicators are, the less they are able to realize and accept the cultural variables. Extreme ethnocentrism leads to rejection of the richness。
跨文化交际论文
跨文化交际论文摘要。
跨文化交际是当今全球化社会中不可避免的现象。
在不同文化背景下的交际中，语言、礼仪、价值观等方面的差异经常会导致交际障碍。
本文将探讨跨文化交际的重要性，分析跨文化交际中的挑战，并提出有效的跨文化交际策略。
关键词，跨文化交际、语言差异、文化冲突、交际策略。
引言。
在全球化背景下，跨文化交际已成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
不同国家、不同民族之间的交往，往往伴随着语言、文化、价值观等方面的差异，这些差异往往成为交际的障碍。
因此，研究跨文化交际，探讨如何有效地进行跨文化交际，成为当今社会中的一个重要课题。
一、跨文化交际的重要性。
1.促进文化交流。
跨文化交际可以促进不同文化之间的交流与融合。
通过跨文化交际，人们可以更好地了解他国的语言、风俗、习惯等，从而增进相互之间的理解与尊重。
2.促进经济发展。
在全球化的今天，跨文化交际对于国际贸易与商业合作至关重要。
通过跨文化交际，不同国家的企业可以更好地进行商务洽谈与合作，促进经济的发展与繁荣。
3.促进和平与稳定。
跨文化交际可以缓解文化冲突与误解，促进国际间的和平与稳定。
通过跨文化交际，人们可以更好地了解他国的文化与价值观，从而减少误解与分歧，促进国际间的友好关系。
二、跨文化交际中的挑战。
1.语言差异。
不同国家的语言差异是跨文化交际中最大的挑战之一。
语言的不同不仅会导致沟通的障碍，还会引发文化冲突与误解。
2.文化冲突。
不同文化之间的差异往往会导致文化冲突。
例如，中国人在交际中常常会以客套话来表示礼貌，而西方人则更加直接。
这种文化差异往往会导致交际的不适与误解。
3.价值观差异。
不同文化之间的价值观差异也是跨文化交际中的挑战之一。
例如，中国人重视集体利益，而西方人更加注重个人利益。
这种价值观的差异往往会导致交际中的矛盾与冲突。
三、跨文化交际策略。
1.学习对方的语言与文化。
在跨文化交际中，学习对方的语言与文化是至关重要的。
只有了解对方的语言与文化，才能更好地进行交际与沟通。
跨文化交际论文(3篇)
跨文化交际论文（3篇）一、关于跨文化交际的重要性随着社会的发展，全球经济一体化的形成，我国人民对于教学方式和教学内容有了新的期许，在现代社会中，想要获得成功，就需要具备良好的交际表现能力。
在跨文化的语境中所认为成功的交际是能够带来发展机会、财富以及和平的；失败的交际会使得敌对局面、偏见以及冲突产生。
在科技水平的迅猛发展中，我们正在经历的社会形势是多种多样的，如：信息化、全球化以及网络化等，不断地丰富着我们的生活。
不同文化背景的人们相互交际是一个复杂的过程，在讲外语和理解外语时都应该遵循该外语的语用规律及文化规则。
对于法语的口语教学而言，这也是一种跨文化交流的行为，语言的不同使得其表达的意识也会有差异，在法语中时常使用到的词汇用汉语解释意境就可能很大不同。
如：在法语中有着非常丰富的代词，代词用法比较复杂，因而学生在没有熟练掌握的情况下，使用法语代词会变得非常困难。
针对于您(vous)和你(tu)在法语中的用法，我们在课堂或者课后的练习中已经习惯了使用tu，随后在一些非常正式的场合也会将tu脱口而出，显然这意味着交际错误出现了。
另外，与tu所对应的动词有着简单的变位，因而学生更加喜欢在表达上使用到tu，长时间下来他们容易将语言场合忽视掉，这样错误语域的选择是外语学习中的大忌。
因此，我们需要十分的重视对学生这方面的教育，逐步将跨文化交际教学的能力加强，尽可能的将错误语境的现象减少。
如：中国自古有“爱屋及乌”的说法，法国也有着Qui m'aime，aime mon chien的说法，翻译过来就是“爱屋及狗”。
可见，中法两国巨大的文化差异，也体现在人们对于宠物的不同态度，若是学生没能够很好的掌握到、认识到这一点，就很容易发生语境错误，对于跨文化的交流非常不利。
二、培养学生跨文化法语口语交际的能力根据著名学者Gudykunst的理论，有效的跨文化交际能力应该包括基本交际能力系统、情感和关系能力系统、情节能力系统和交际方略能力系统。
论文参考题目(汇总)
毕业论文参考题目（Suggested Topics for College Undergraduates）注：以下参考选题仅提供一种方向性的选择参考，因此直接作为选题题目太泛，切勿照抄作为选题上交！语言学与跨文化交际1. The Importance of Meaning Group in Translation2. Fuzzy Words and Their Uses in Human Communication3. Ambiguity and Puns in English4. Linguistic Features of ESP (English for Special Purpose)5. Chinese/English Newspapers and Their Linguistic Features6. The Latest Innovation of English/Chinese7. Chinese/English Abstraction8. Language and Internet9. Some Basic Considerations of Style10. English by Newspaper11. Words/Sentences/Texts: Chinese vs English12. Discourse Strategy: Chinese vs English13. Rhytorics: Chinese vs English14. Chinese/English Taboos and Culture15. Cultural difference and Reading Comprehension16. Writing Style and Culture17. An Intercultural Approach to English Learning/Teaching18. Nonverbal Communication and English Learning/Teaching19. Theoretical Models and Intercultural Studies20. Culture and Interpersonal Relationship21. Proverbs/Idioms/Allusions and Chinese/ English Culture22. Cultural Relativism/ Ethnocentrism/ Stereotype/ Prejudiceand Intercultural Communication23. Clash of Cultural Values: The East and the West24. Cultural Conflicts and International Politics25. The World of the 21th Century: Where to Go?26. Globlalization/Localization of Language and Culture in Global Communication 27. Language and Power28. Language Spreading and Linguicism/ Linguistic Imperialism29. English Spreading and Colonization30. Language Policy and National Culture/Strategy语用学I. Pragmatics theoretical practices1. An inquiry into speech act theory2. Inferences of conversational implications3. Context and meaning4. Charles Morris' theory of signs: a pragmatical reflection5. Logical truth and communicative relevance6. The cognitive foundation of Revelance Theory7. Scalar implicature in the utterance interpretation8. Presupposition and contextual projection9. From linguistic categorization to biological categories10. Pragmatical interpretation of lexical unitsII. Pragmatical survey at the societal level1. Interpreting politeness2. Refuse and gender3. A sino-English contrastive study on addressing titles ofuniversity students4. An investigation of conversational cooperation(CP) intothe local English news service5. The analysis of pragmatic failure occurred in the campus English corner6. The cultural preference for the conversational topics in the Englishcorner7. The code-switching of English majors on the campus8. Gender politeness in teachers' compliment behaviours9. Hedges in the Chinese talk showsIII. Pragmatical survey at the discourse level1. Thematic network and text types2. On lexical cohension in expository writing3. English personal pronouns: a preliminary textual analysis4. The construction and interpretation of cohension in texts5. The politeness in the business emails6. A pragmatical analysis of mobile phone messages on the campus7. Pragmatic analysis of discourse markers in a certainpress conference8. Hedges and genres9. Pragmatic vagueness in book advertisements10. Gricean Implicature and Its application in the readingof campus ads for sale11. Seeking for the maximum relevance from the campus noticeboardIV. Interlanguage pragmatics and the foreign languagelearning/teaching1. The instructive meaning of inter-language pragmaticsfor foreign language teaching2. The gender-fair language in Chinese EFL writing3. Pragmatic Appropriateness Analysis on Chinese EFLargumentative writing4. Pragmatic failure in Chinese EFL expositive writing5. The analysis of culture-based omission in Chinese EFL writing外语教与学1.How to Improve Your Reading Skills2.An Intercultural Approach to English Learning3.How to Teach English---- a course evaluation4.The Application of the Theory of ConversationImplication5.On the Teacher’s Role in English Language Teaching6.The Interference of Native Language in English Writing orTranslationputer-Assisted English Teaching8.English Test Design/Analysis9.Allusions to the Bible in the Teaching of English10.Lexical Memories in English Study11.A Comparative Study of Listening Comprehension and Spoken English Learning Strategies.12.Translation Method and English Teaching13.Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching14.The Importance of Cultural Authenticity in Teaching Materials15.Contexts and Reading Comprehension16.Improvement of Listening Comprehension Ability17.Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classroom18.The Art of Teaching Spoken English19.Culture in English Language Teaching20.English Vocabulary Learning and Teaching21.Student-centered Teaching Approach22.Cooperative Learning and Chinese Students23.On Learning Styles and English Teaching24.Teacher Development as I See it25.Micro-teaching and Student Teacher Training26.How to Evaluate the Teacher Performance---a Case Study27.Learner’s Cross-cultural Factors28.Multi-intelligences Theory and English Teaching29.Task-based Language Teaching in the Primary School30.Interaction in Second Language Classroom31.How to Get Rid of Anxiety in English Learning32.Non-verbal Communication in English Teaching33.Stick-drawing and English Teaching34.Games in Language Teaching35.Teacher’s Questioning and its Effects in Second language Classroom36.Skill of Designing and Organizing Class Activities for English Teaching翻译1.Theoretical research of translation2.Translation approach research3. Multidisciplinary research4.Business translation research5.Case study6.Translation teaching research例子如下：Eg.1 Research on Skopos theoryEg2. Reflections on the Criteria of Translation Eg3.Translation and GenderEg4. Reflections on Post-colonial Translation Eg5. On Shifts of TranslationEg6. Decision Making in TranslationEg7. Discourse Analysis and TranslationEg8. Is equivalence Possible in Translation?Eg9. Free Translation: an Old Concept with New InterpretationEg10. Reflections on Hermeneutics MotionEg11. Reflections on Ideology and TranslationEg12. On Metaphors of TranslationEg13. On TranslatabilityEg14. On UntranslatabilityEg15. Reflections on Linguistic Approaches of TranslationEg16. On ForeignizationEg17. Adaptation as an approach for Linguistic/ Cultural TranslationEg18. Compensation as an approach for Linguistic/ Cultural TranslationEg19. Pragmatics and TranslationEg20. Psycholinguistic/cognitive approaches of TranslationEg21.On MetaphraseEg22.On ParaphaseEg23. Literal Approaches of TranslationEg24. Investigations of and Reflections on Machine-aided TranslationEg25. Translation and LogicEg26. Multilingualism and TranslationEg27. Drama TranslationEg28. Poetry TranslationEg29. On Translatorial actionEg30. On the Translation of AdvertisementEg31. On the Translation of Chinese FoodEg32. On the Translation of Film TitlesEg33. On the Translation of DubbingEg34. Reflections on and Investigations of Auto-translationEg35. Studies on Herbert Giles’ TranslationEg36. Reflections on the Teaching of Translation英美文学American Literature:1.Gothic elements in American Romantic writers(eg. Poe,Irving)2.On Hawthorn’s intellectual characters(eg. Chillingworth inScarlet Letter)3.Symbolism in Moby Dick(or Scarlet Letter)4.Captain Ahab and the theme of alienation in Moby Dick5.The theme of quest in Moby Dick(or The Adventures of HuckleBerry Finn)6. Mark Twain and Local Colorism7.Realism in William Dean Howell’s The Rise of Silas Lapham8.On Mark Twain’s characterization of Jim in Huck Finn9.Thematic(or formal differences ) in three major Americanrealist writers10.Stephen Cranes use of color imagery in The Red Badge ofCourage11.Social Darwinism and Dreiser’s Sister Carrie12.The role of Nick Carraway in the narratives of The GreatGatsby13.The world of Nick Adams in Hemingway’s In Our Time14.Narrative Strategies in Faulker’s A Rose for Emily15.Joycean epiphany in Sherwood Anderson’s Winesbury, Ohio16.Alienation in O’Nell’s Hairy Ape17.Biblical allusions in The Grapes of Wrath18.Reexamining the social criticism in Arthur Miller’s TheCrucible19.Spontaneous prose and Jack Kerouac’s On the Road20.The characterization of Holden in The Catcher in the Rhy21.The role of popular culture in racial stereotyping in Native Son English Literature1.Color, identity, and the tragedy in Shakespeare’s Othello2. A Comparison of Othello in Othello with Shylock in The Merchant of Venice3.On John Donne’s Metaphysical conceits4.Pride and Prejudice and Jane Austen’s view of marriage5.Reading Jane Eyre from the feminist perspective6.Robert Browning, TS. Eliot, and dramatic monologue.7. The nature of love in Wuthering Heights.8. The metaphor of the web in George Eliot’s Middlemarch9.Tess of the d’Urbervilles:a novel of contrasts10.D.H. Lawrence’s exploration of the psychological development of the protagonist in Sons and Lover s.11.The use of Symbols and the themes in Joyce’s Dubliners12.The narrative structure in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness13.Contrast and discuss the allegorical meaning of Jack and Ralph in William Golding’s Lord of Flies14.Golden Notebook and Dorris Lessing’s Narrative Structure15.Discuss the endings in John Foweles’s The French Lieutenant’s Women。
跨文化交际论文跨文化交际论文选题
跨文化交际论文跨文化交际论文选题作为声音与影像相结合的艺术，电视剧在全球化领域下的跨文化传播过程中的地位与作用不容小觑。
随着信息全球化趋势的不断深入，来自国外的电视剧通过各种传播渠道逐渐走入我国文化市场。
全球化趋势的加深必然导致来自不同国家、地区、民族的文化碰撞与融合，就当下形势而言，这种冲突更多地表现为文化强势一方对弱势一方的侵袭，巧妙的文化传播形势无疑能够推动侵袭的成功。
凭借着戏剧化的悬念设置、紧张快速的情节发展、复杂多样的人物性格，美剧在我国拥有着颇为广泛、高端与精英化的受众群体，而美剧在我国实现的跨文化传播无疑证明了美国文化输出方式的卓越。
国产电视剧应以促进民族文化的全球性传播和增强国家文化实力为出发点，对美剧的跨文化传播予以分析、学习和借鉴，在正确认识自身的基础上取长补短，力争在国际文化市场中的优势地位。
一、美剧传播成功的深层因素文化，具有着开放与多元的性质，不同国家、民族乃至个体的相互交流都必然导致不同文化间的碰撞和融合。
由此可见，文化的国际传播是人类社会发展的必然。
在全球化趋势日益深入的当下，各国家、民族都在努力推动着自身文化实力的提升，寻求着将自身文化推向世界的方法。
作为美国文化传播的有效方式和良好途径，美剧在我国得以广泛传播有着各方面的深层因素。
首先是文化语境方面的优势。
全球范围内各个国家、地区、民族的文化被分为高、低语境文化两种不同类别，其中包括中国在内的大多数东方国家属于前者，包括美国在内的西方国家则归属于后者。
在高语境文化的社会背景下，社会成员的相互交流具有间接和隐晦的特点，而低语境文化社会背景下的社会成员相互间的信息传递则更加直接、明朗①。
当下，我国已经步入快节奏发展阶段，社会环境的变化导致社会成员愈加乐于直抒胸臆，而具有直接、明朗表达和交流等特点的美剧也就自然拥有了文化上的传播优势。
同时，美剧涉及的主题大都较为虚幻，诸如科幻、罪案、喜剧等同现实生活并无紧密关联，加之中美之间人民生活环境的较大差异，导致我国观众在观看美剧的过程中始终处于超脱现实的欣赏位置，并因其主观判断与现实功利色彩的脱节，能够保持更加宽容的态度，游戏性、体验性的观看在很大程度上消磨了异质文化传播可能产生的冲突和碰撞，使突破文化屏障的跨文化传播得以顺利进行。
有关跨文化交际方向论文
有关跨文化交际方向论文摘要：跨国公司的建立、世界经济的不断融合，都为跨文化交际提供了可能。
未来世界将更加开放，各国人民之间的交流也将更加频繁。
关键词：国际贸易;跨文化交际;新趋势引言世界经济一体化的发展，其中最为重要的表现就是跨国公司的建立、国际贸易不断发展，使得各国人民因为交易的原因不得不频繁来往。
但是来自不同国家和地区的人，往往由于不同文化背景的熏陶影响，使得交流起来难免因为各种原因而困难重重。
在国际贸易中，各项活动都涉及各国人民之间的交流问题，而由于文化背景不同导致的交流问题可能会严重影响到国际贸易的发展。
为了解决各国人民因为文化背景不同而导致的交流障碍，跨文化交际的研究变得越发必要。
跨文化交际的发展在国际贸易背景下，不同文化背景下的人们之间的商务活动交流日益频繁。
跨文化交际的实际内容就是来自不同国家，受不同文化熏陶的人之间的交流合作的活动。
在国际贸易交流中往往会因为语言差异而导致谈判失败。
非语言交际是指除了语言之外的方式表达或传递的信息，如情感、肢体动作等。
因为来自不同国家的人，从小受到不同的文化背景和信仰的影响，情感表达方式之间也有着很大的差异。
跨文化交际对国际贸易的影响1.跨文化交际对开拓国际市场的影响因为跨国公司将分支公司设立在国外，这就需要在不同的国家开拓市场。
对不同国家的不同国情，开拓市场的要求也不同。
这时跨文化交际的研究便派上了用场。
只有充分了解不同国家的国情、国民生活习惯和需求，才能有针对性的对每个国家的市场进行调查，有利于跨国公司市场的开拓。
相反，如果因为国情的不同，盲目按照本国国情进行市场开拓，往往会造成公司亏损的情况。
例如，一家女装生产企业想要在阿拉伯建立分公司，该企业不仅需要在服装设计上下工夫，设计出样式新颖、适合大部分女性接受的样式之外，还要考虑阿拉伯地区女性的地位较低，在阿拉伯地区女性穿衣打扮不能太过暴露。
如果在该地区销售比基尼等暴露的女装，那结果可想而知。
由此可见，跨文化交际在国际贸易市场开拓方面的影响。
跨文化交际毕业论文
跨文化交际毕业论文跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人们之间进行交流与沟通的过程。
在全球化的背景下，跨文化交际已经成为一个重要的课题。
本文将从不同角度探讨跨文化交际的问题。
首先，跨文化交际可能存在的问题之一是语言障碍。
不同文化之间存在着不同的语言和语言习惯。
这导致了跨文化交际中的语言障碍。
比如，英语是一种广泛使用的国际语言，但是即使是使用英语进行跨文化交际，语言障碍依然可能存在。
因为不同的国家和地区有不同的英语口音和语法习惯，这可能导致误解和困惑。
因此，学习和理解不同文化的语言和语言习惯是跨文化交际的一个重要方面。
另一个可能存在的问题是文化差异。
不同文化有不同的价值观、信仰和行为方式。
这可能导致跨文化交际中的误解和冲突。
比如，在一些西方国家，个人主义是一种重要的价值观，注重个人的权利和自由。
而在一些东方国家，集体主义是更为重要的价值观，注重团队合作和社会关系。
因此，如果不了解对方文化的价值观和行为方式，就容易产生误解和冲突。
因此，了解和尊重对方的文化差异是跨文化交际的一个重要方面。
此外，跨文化交际还可能涉及到非语言交流的问题。
不同文化之间存在着不同的非语言交流方式，比如肢体语言、面部表情和目光接触。
这些非语言信号可能在不同的文化中具有不同的含义。
比如，在一些西方国家，直接眼神接触被认为是礼貌和尊重的表现，而在一些东方国家，直接眼神接触被认为是不尊重和冒犯的行为。
因此，在跨文化交际中，理解和适应对方的非语言交流方式是非常重要的。
综上所述，跨文化交际是一个复杂而重要的过程。
在跨文化交际中，语言障碍、文化差异和非语言交流都可能存在问题。
因此，学习和理解不同文化的语言和语言习惯，了解和尊重对方的文化差异，以及适应对方的非语言交流方式，都是促进跨文化交际的关键因素。
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关于中国大学生跨文化交际能力和跨文化
敏感度的调查
9. Cross-Cultural Awareness in Translating
Tourist Materials
中国旅游资料翻译中的跨文化意识
10. Cross-Cultural Training in Chinese
Universities
中国大学中的跨文化培训
in Britain and China
英国和中国习俗之研究
2. Cultural Connotation of English Names
英语姓名的文化内涵
3. Black Culture and American English
黑人文化与美国英语
4.
The Phenomenon of “Political
从跨文化角度看导游词翻译
13. Intercultural Communication on the
Internet
互联网上的跨文化交际
14. On the Application of Theatrical Tricks to
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线生高0不产中仅工资2艺料22高试2可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料2荷试2，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时2卷，32调需3各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看工且25作尽52下可22都能护可地1关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编试求5写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备置。4高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并设3试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
Correctness” in American English
论美国英语中的政治正确现象
5. English Euphemism and Culture
文化因素与委婉语
6. Cultural Differences in Address Terms:
English and Chinese
英汉称呼语中的文化差异
11. Acculturation Strategies among Chinese
Overseas Students
中国海外留学生的文化适应策略
12. On Tour Commentary Translation---An
Intercultural Communication Perspective
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线生高0不产中仅工资2艺料22高试2可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料2荷试2，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时2卷，32调需3各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看工且25作尽52下可22都能护可地1关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编试求5写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备置。4高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并设3试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
7．Influence of Greek Myths to British and
American Culture
希腊神话与英美文化
8. An Investigation on Intercultural
Communication Competence asitivity Among Chinese College Students