人教版高二英语选修6Unit3Ahealthylife全单元教案.doc
高中英语人教版选修6 Unit3-A healthy life完整教案
第三十三讲 A healthy life适用学科 英语 适用年级 高三 适用区域 全国课时时长（分钟）60知识点名词辨析；动词辨析；形容词辨析；副词辨析；动词短语辨析；完成句子；句子翻译 教学目标知识：1. 快速复习掌握本单元词汇。
2. 快速扩词汇量。
方法：1.老师和学生一起翻译短文并从中找出自己不认识的词汇。
2. 学生将不认识的词汇整理到笔记本上，并默写出所整理的词汇的汉语意思。
能力：1. 能根据老师所翻译的文章快速记住生词的汉语意思。
2. 能通过不断上涨的词汇量快速提高阅读能力。
教学重点 课文中的重点单词、短语及相关句型的掌握和运用。
教学难点重点单词、短语的灵活运用。
教学过程一、课堂导入In your group, work with a partner to make a list of important health issues. Share your list with others in your group. Here are a few to start you off.二、预习核心词汇1）The important words in M6 unit two:1. convey_____________2. concrete___________3. flexible____________4. pattern____________5. tease_____________6. endless____________7. branch_____________ 8. eventually___________ 9. transform___________10. sorrow____________ 11. exchange___________ 12. sponsor ____________ 13. scholarship__________14. load_________________ 15. translation____________ 16. appropriate ___________ 17. darkness ______________【答案】1. 传达；运送2. 具体的3. 灵活的；可弯曲的; 柔顺的4. 模式；式样；图案5. 取笑；招惹；戏弄6. 无穷的；无止境的7. 枝条；支流；部门8. 最后；终于9. 转化；转换；改造；变换10. 悲伤; 悲痛；懊悔11. 交换；交流；互换; 调换；交换12. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者vt. 发起；举办；13. 奖学金；学问；学术成就14. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的15. 翻译；译文16. 适当的；正当的17. 黑暗；漆黑2）The important phrases in M6 Unit Two:1. take it easy.__________2. run out of________________3. be made up of _____________4. in particular_______________5. be translated into________________6. by chance _____________7. hold on _____________8. try out _______________9. stay up ______________10. let out _______________【答案】1. 轻松；不紧张; 从容2. 用完3. 由……构成4. 尤其；特别5. 被译成6. 偶然地7. 别挂断；继续；坚持；保持8. 测试; 试验9. 熬夜10. 发出；放走三、知识讲解翻译下面由本单元词汇所编成的故事，学生将在翻译过程中不会的词汇用横线标出。
人教版高二英语选修6教案：Unit3+A+Healthy+Life1.doc
Unit 3 A Healthy LifePeriod 1 Warming Up, Pre-reading & ReadingTeaching Goals:1.To make Ss know what a truly healthy life is.2.To arouse Ss to pay more attention to the healthy issues and realize the dangerof smoking and drugs.3.Learn some new words and expressions.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Warming UpPurpose: To activate Ss and arouse them to talk about some healthy issues in our daily life.1. Show the following two pictures to Ss.Ask Ss what they are doing and whether smoking or drinking is good for health?2. Pair workAsk some Ss to answer the questions:(1)What health issues do you think concern y oung people the most nowadays?(2)What is a truly healthy person?Lead Ss to understand that a truly healthy person must be well in both body and mind.3. Group workAsk Ss to look at the pictures above and discuss which depicts a healthy activity and which depicts an unhealthy one. And they can talk as much as they can.Picture one: Singing and dancingPicture two: Doing taichiPicture three: Drinking alcoholPicture four: Playing basketballPicture five: Smoking and taking drugsStep 2. Pre-readingPurpose: To make Ss realize the harm o f smoking and avoid smoking.1. Group workAsk Ss to discuss the following questions in groups(1) Have you ever smoked? If you have, have you ever tried to stop?(2) Why do you think some adolescents start smoking?(3) In what ways is smoking harmful? Do you think smoking should be banned?(4) Where could you get good advice on stopping smoking?2. DiscussionAsk some Ss to give their own opinions about how to stop smoking. Discuss and choose whose opinion is the best.For you reference:★Set a date and time to stop, and stick to it.★Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether any of the proven drug treatments might suit you.★Find out if there is a stop-smoking clinic near you.★Enlist the help of your friends and family.★Avoid the situations in which you used to reach for a cigarette.★If you need to, ease the withdrawal symptoms with nicotine patches or gum. Conclusion: Smoking is very harmful to our health, whe n you are smoking, you are risking in heart disease, long cancer and asthma, and it can also cause dull skin and wrinkles. Besides, it can bring harm to the people around you. In the tex t of this unit, we will learn more about this.Step 3. Reading1.SkimmingPurpose: To get a brief understanding of the text.(1) Individual workAsk Ss to skim the whole text and find out how many parts the text includes, and what each part is mainly about.Sug gested Answers:The reading is in two parts. The first part is a letter from a grandfather to his grandson explaining how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give up. The second part gives advice about how to stop smoking. It is set out like a page on the Internet.(2) Pair workAsk Ss to read the letter with a partner, each reading half the letter. Ask Ss to understand the meaning of the letter together.(3)Group workAsk Ss how the two passages are related (James’ grandfather attached the internet page to his letter.)(4)Individual workAsk Ss to read the second passage very quickly and answer the following questio ns:① Why does each paragraph start with a short, highlighted sentence?② How are the pictures at the bottom connected with the text? Why do youthink the authors of the website included them?③ Why do you think the authors used a question as the main heading?(5)ScanningPurpose: To get Ss to have some details in the text.① Pair work:Read the text quickly and try to get some details from the text. Work in pairs and try to ask and answer questions from the text. Questions can be like these.A.What kind of person do you think James’ grandfather is?B.What other information could have been included?C.What do you think can be done to protect non-smokers (espec ially women and ba bies)from those who smoke?Suggested Answers:A.He is fit and healthy and leads an active life. He takes an interest in his daughter’sand his grandson’s well-being. He is knowledgeable. He reads the Internet. He appears to love his grandson.B.Students’ answers may vary.C.Possible solutions:A no-smoking policy in public places such as buses, trains, restaurants,cinemas, etcSeparate smoking and non-smoking areas in public places.A ca mpaign to highlight the dangers of smoking for smokers and non-smokingpeople.2.ListeningPurpose: To correct Ss’ pronunciation and intonation and improve their listening skills.(1) Individual workListen to the tape and fill in the chart bellow:Suggested Answers:ation from the reading passage3.Group workDivide the whole class into two groups. Each group is supposed to read through eachpart, and find out the difficult words, expressions and sentences and then discusses them.Step4 HomeworkFinish the newspaper.精美句子1、善思则能“从无字句处读书”。
人教版高中英语选修六：Unit+3+A+healthy+life+教案3.doc
《HIV/AIDS：Are you at risk？》Teaching PlanAnalysis of the teaching contentThe teaching material of this period is the reading passageHIV/AIDS：Are you at risk？on page22，which is about HIV andAIDS ，how it is spread，and how to protect oneself from getting the disease.Design of the three dimensional goals1．After the class，students will be able to tell what HIV and AIDS is，how it is spread，and how to protect oneself from getting thedisease.Students’ reading ability in skimming and scanning will beimproved.2. Reading for specific information, summarizing , discussing andpracticing.3.To arouse the students’ emotion of understanding, care, love, andsupport to those who are infected with HIV \AIDS.Teaching important & difficult pointsHow to help the students to get the information about AIDS and HIV. Teaching aidsMulti-media computer, pptTeaching proceduresStep 1 Lead inThe main diseases which cause death: Heart disease, Cancer and AIDS Today we are going to learn something about HIV\AIDS.Step 2 Pre-readingWhat is HIV?HIV is the short form for Human Immune Deficiency Virus(人体免疫缺损病毒).What is AIDS?艾滋病即获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)。
人教版高中英语选修六：Unit+3+A+healthy+life+教案9.doc
Unit 3 A healthy life教学目标At the end of the class，the students will be able to：1．Understand the text fully:Understand different ways of becoming addicted to cigarettes，harmful effects of smoking and advice on stopping smoking.2．Develop their reading abilities and learn different reading skills.3．Express their opinions using what they learn in this text. 教学重点1.To learn some useful words and expressions.2.To know what a truly healthy life is.3.To know how to quit smoking.学时难点1.To know how to quit smoking.2.To improve reading skills.教学活动活动1 【导入】Warming-upDiscuss the following questions:1. Have you ever smoked? If you have, have you stopped?2. Why do you think some adolescents start smoking?3. In what ways is smoking harmful? Should it be banned? 活动2 【活动】ReadingSkimming1:Please glance through the text as fast as you can and try to find out:1.Who? To whom?2.Purpose?Skimming2:Please read the text quickly to find out the main idea of each paragraph and the whole text.Scanning:Information from the reading passage.Threedifferent ways people can bec-ome addicted to cigarettes1.2.3.1. do terrible damage to ______________2. It is more difficult for smoking couples toPlease read the text carefully to fill in the chart : Skimming3:Please glance through “How can you stop smoking?” quickly and try to find out ：What are the suggestions James ’ grandad gives to quit smoking? Multiple choice exercises to finish:1. The first sentence of the letter shows James ’ grandad ______.A. has nothing to do at homeB. lives a healthy lifeC. is tired when returning from a long bike tripD. likes sitting in the garden2. ______ forced James ’ grandad to give up smoking.A. That he ran too slow.B. His girlfriendC. That he was taken off the school football team.D. His parentsHarmfuleffectsof smoking________________ 3. Affect the health of____________ 4. Make smokers smell ________ and the fingers___________5. Not able to enjoy__________ as much3. In what way did the old man try to advise James?A. Using scientific theory.B. His failure in love.C.Hissports activity.D. His own experience.4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. Every time you want to smoke, you can smoke a cigarette.B. Don’t choose a day of exams to stop smoking.C. If you feel stressed, you can do some relaxation exercises.D. It’s helpful to stop smoking with a friend.活动3 【活动】DiscussionWhat kind of person do you think James’ grandad is?活动4 【活动】Summary1. Reading Skills:Skimming & Scanning2. About the letter “Advice from grandad”:Different ways people can become addicted to cigarettes;The harmful effects of smoking;Suggestions given to smokers to quit smoking.活动5 【作业】Homework1.Make a summary of the advice on how to stop smoking. Be sure to use your own words and no more than five sentences.2.Read the reading text aloud for some times until you can readit aloud fluently.3.Find out the useful words and expressions in the reading text and learn by yourself.品味人生1、不管鸟的翅膀多么完美，如果不凭借空气，鸟就永远飞不到高空。
人教版高中英语选修六：Unit+3+A+healthy+life+教案11.doc
Teaching PlanPart 1 Teaching MaterialThe content of my lesson is about phonetic knowledge. By studying of this part, we’ll enable students to know pronouncing well is quite important in learning English and develop the interest in learning English. At the same time, let the students learn how to grasp some pronunciation skills and deal with pronunciation analysis problems. From this lesson, it starts practicing pronunciation rules ,skills and know the importance of phonetic knowledge .(As we all know, phonetic knowledge belongs to the input during the process of the language learning. The input has great effect on output, such as listening, speaking and writing.) Therefore, this lesson is in the important position of this part. If the Ss can master it well, it will be helpful for them to learn the rest of this part.Part 2 Teaching AimsAccording to the new standard curriculum and the syllabus , and after studying the teaching material, the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects(1)The Ss can master the usage of the important words and expressions.(2)The Ss can use the pronunciation skills in the proper situation.(3)The Ss can understand the content of the lesson, talk about the importance of phonetic knowledge and get their own idea about pronunciation.2.Ability objects(1) To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing(2) To guide Ss to set up effective studying strategies.(3) To improve the student’s pronunciation ability, especially their learning English ability.(4) To train the Ss’ abilities of studying by themselves and cooperating .3.Emotion or moral objects(1)By completing the task, the Ss increase their interest in learning English and set up self-confidence in learning English .(2)Teach the Ss how to pronounce and how to deal with pronunciation analysis problems , put the moral education in the language study.Part 3 the Important and Difficult PointsBased on the requirement of the syllabus.The important points are pronunciation skills such as the pronunciation of /igz / and /eks / .The difficult points are pronunciation analysis problems, for example “explanation”-/eks/, “explain”-/iks/.Part 4 Teaching MethodsAs is known to us all, a good teaching method requires that the teacher should help Ss develop good sense of the English language. For achieving these teaching aims, (after the analysis of the teaching material and teaching aims,) I will use the following methods according to the modern social communication teaching theories .1. Communicative Approach2. Whole Language Teaching3. Task-based Language Teaching4. Total Situational Action a “scene —activity” teaching method , it establishes a real scene and the interaction between the teacher and the Ss. At the same time, CAI can provide a real situation with its sound and picture, it can develop the Ss creativity in learning English.Part 5 Teaching ProcedureStep 1. Lead-in. (4 min)Play a song of <<DO RE MI>>.Let Ss to sing along with it and pay attention to pronunciation.Purp ose of my design: (1) to catch Ss’ attention about the class/topic/passage.(2) To set up suspense/develop interest in pronouncing beautifully.Step 2. Practice pronunciation.Task 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work;6 min)Let Ss Practice pronunciation of “/θ/”and “/ʃ/”with partners. This part contains Minimal pairs, practice sentences and Jazz Chants.Task 2. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work ; 8 min )Let Ss Practice pronunciation of “/ i:/”and “/I/”with partners. This part contains practice words, sentences and Old MacDonald.Now, let’s see what happened to the Ss’pronunciation / let’s check whether it is right or not.Purpose of my design: (1) to get to know something about the pronunciation skills.(2) To have a better understanding about the importance of phonetic knowledge..Step 3. Pronunciation analysisTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; 9 min)Let Ss to read carefully and take notes.1.Pronunciation of “V-ed”;2.Pronunciation of “Ex”;3.Pronunciation of “ea”.Task 2. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; 15 min)Guide Ss to read the material carefully and take some important notes, then do some exercises of Shaanxi province college entrance examination in 2013..Ask Ss to read the material carefully and find out the correct answers to finish the following exercises of Shaanxi province college entrance examination in 2013. Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using pronunciation skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here to develop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trained.Step 4. Practice in group ( 3 min)Ask Ss to review their notes.Discuss the Pronunciation of 48 international phonetic alphabet with other group members and then choose a reporter to share their opinions about the correct pronunciation and read out aloud with the whole class. Purpose of my design: I think If the Ss can finish this task well, they will benefit a lot in their spoken English. Most Ss can take their parts in the activities, especially for the Ss who have trouble in English study.Step 5. Homework1. Read words ,sentences and sing an English song to practice pronunciation well.2.Do exercises about dealing with pronunciation analysis problemsPurpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.品味人生1、不管鸟的翅膀多么完美，如果不凭借空气，鸟就永远飞不到高空。
unit3《ahealthylife》教案1(人教版选修6).doc
Unit 3 A healthy lifeThe 1st periodContent analyze:本单元以健康话题为主题，听说读写等活动主要围绕如何健身，怎样成为健康人展开，其中涉及许多社会热点问题，如抽烟，吸毒，艾滋病，学习与工作压力等影响健康的棘手问题。
本单元引导学生讨论这些问题，目的在于让他们远离有损健康的活动，并养成良好的习惯。
课型设计与课时分配Teaching Aims:Enable the Ss to learn how to give advice on stopping smoking.Difficulty and importanceLearn the bad effects of smoking and how to bive advice on stopping smoking.Learn in what ways people get addicted to cigarettes.Teaching methods:Discussion,cooperative learning and oral practice.Teaching aidsA computer and a projectorTeaching Procedures & waysStepVStep I Warming and ReadingA healthy lifeA report -—Health China,2005,which is about ten issues concerning Chinese people the most in the year 2005.According to your understanding，what a healthy life is like? Can you guess what the ten issues are?A health life should include two aspectsA sample list : health issuesAIDS and infections ,parenting, relationships, food and nutrition, family issues, environmental health, domestic violence（家庭暴力），air pollution, cancer, anxiety, birth control, dental health, divorce, medical emergency treatment。
高中英语 Unit 3 A healthy life教案 新人教版选修6
Unit 3 A healthy life Ⅰ. 单元教学目标Ⅱ. 目标语言Ⅲ. 教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以A healthy life为话题，通过谈论人们最关心的健康问题，使学生认识到吸烟、喝酒、吸毒、不良饮食等对健康的危害，了解吸烟的危害及怎样戒烟；通过阅读一篇有关艾滋病的宣传文章了解一些艾滋病的常识及如何预防艾滋病；并学会如何就健康问题给别人提供一些建议；功能句式要求学生学会如何表达聚会中的礼仪和禁忌。
通过单元学习，要求学生意识到健康的重要性，养成良好的生活习惯，并学会帮助别人解决一些健康问题。
1.1 Warming Up列举了一些年轻人所关心的健康问题，由此引出单元话题。
要求学生列举出更多类似的健康问题，然后在小组和班级范围内进行比较，说出哪个问题是最重要的，并列举出5个有关这个问题人们应该了解的知识。
1.2 Pre-reading要求学生讨论5个与吸烟有关的问题，为后面的Reading做铺垫。
1.3 Reading是一封爷爷写给James的建议信，信中谈到了吸烟为什么会上瘾、吸烟对健康的危害并附上了一篇如何戒烟的文章来帮助James戒烟。
1.4 Comprehending要求学生讨论几个与Reading内容有关的问题，并根据Reading的内容完成表格。
另外还要求学生用自己的语言简要概述一下advice on how to stop smoking。
1.5 Learning about Language包括两部分：Discovering useful words and expressions是两个关于Reading中的一些词汇的练习；Discovering useful structures 是关于it structure的用法介绍和练习。
1.6 Using Language是一篇关于HIV / AIDS的宣传材料，介绍了一些有关艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的基本知识以及在生活中如何进行预防。
人教版高中英语选修六：Unit+3+A+healthy+life+教案4.doc
Unit 3 A healthy lifePart 1 Teaching Design第一部分教学设计Period 1 Reading一、教材分析1. 教学内容：本节课的内容是人教版高中英语选修六第三单元第一课时“阅读”部分（Reading）。
这篇文章由两部分组成，第一部分是爷爷写给孙子的一份信，另一部分是题为How can you stop smoking?的网页。
在信中82岁的爷爷提到：他之所以能长寿和充满活力，主要得益于他健康的生活方式。
爷爷年轻的时候也抽过烟，甚至上过瘾，因此他知道上瘾容易戒烟难，并以亲身体会向孙子说明上瘾的原因、抽烟的危害和戒烟的方法，告诫孙子把烟戒掉。
2. 教学目标：Knowledge and skills （知识技能目标）(1) To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases：学生通过阅读，理解重点词汇、短语在文章中的意义；cigarette, adolescent, due to, become addicted to, mentally, quit, accustomed to, abnormal(2)To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.学生通过略读和寻读的训练进一步提高阅读理解能力；Process and methods （过程方法目标）Enable the Ss to learn how people usually get addicted to cigarettes，what the harmful effects are and how they can quit smoking.通过完成快读、细读的任务，学生懂得吸烟上瘾的原因、吸烟对于自身和身边人的危害以及戒烟的方法。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
教案 1人教选修 6 Unit3 Speaking and writingTeaching materialNSEFC Book 6 —— Unit 3Teaching AimsEnable the students to give advice on quitting smoking.Teaching Important & Difficult PointsHow to help the students to write a letter of giving advice on quitting smoking. Teaching aidsA puter and a projectorTeaching ProcedureStep1 Letter readingT:Read this letter and imagine you are the adviser who deals withstudents ’ problems. List some helpful advice to give Xiao lei.Slide showLi Xiaolei203 Thames StreetOxford, OX41LFClass 2 Grade 2GZ Middle School,GZ, GD, China518036203 Thames StreetOxford, OX41LFFriday 11 Nov.Dear students in Class 20 Grade 2,Can you help me, please? I have tried to stop smoking several times. Iam OK for two days and then I feel really sick and irritable and I have to start smoking again. I know smoking is a bad habit, but I just can’ tseem to give it up. Do you have any useful tips?Yours sincerelyLi XiaoleiStep 2 DiscussionT:Discuss with your partner and make a list of the tips to quit smoking.Slide showTips on how to quit smokingWrite down why you want to quit (the benefits of quitting): live longer,feel better, for your family, save money, smell better, find a matemore easily, etc. You know what's bad about smoking and you knowwhat you'll get by quitting. Put it on paper and read it daily.Set a quit date. Decide what day you will extinguish your cigarettes forever. Plan for it.Ask your family and friends to support your decision to quit.Talk with your doctor about quitting.Begin an exercise program.Do some deep breathing each day for 3 to 5 minutes.Cut back on cigarettes gradually.Drink lots of water.Find something to hold in your hand and mouth, to replace cigarettes.Whenever you have a craving for a cigarette,instead of lighting up, writedown or whatever is on your mind. Write it down. your feelingsT:Choose 3 pieces of most useful advice and write 2 or 3 sentences to explain how to do it.Step3 WritingT:Write a letter to give Xiao lei some helpful advice. You can referto the structure and useful expressions below.Slide showstructurebeginning of the letter : show your sympathy for him and encourage himbody of the letter: list the advice on how to quit smokingend of the letter: express your wish and encourage himUseful expressionsHow to advise people about what to doDoYou shouldDon't forget toIt would be a good idea toIt ’ s OK/ all right toHow to advise people about what not to doDon’ tYou don ’ t have toThere is no need toIt ’ s not necessary toSample LetterDear Li Xiaolei,I am sorry you have had so much trouble to stop smoking, but I amglad you are still trying. I hope the tips below will help you.First of all, don’t give up. The more often you try the more likely you are to eventuallysucceed.When you feel irritable,don’ t automatically reach for a cigarette to makeyou feel better. Take a few moments to relax. Start by breathing deeplyand lifting your arms out to the side and over your head.It is a good idea to drink lots of water and eat lots of fruit when youare quitting smoking. This will help to remove the nicotine from yourbody faster and you won’t feel so sick.It is normal to feel a little stressed when you first give up smoking, but try toremember that it will only last a few days and then you will begin to feel much better.Keep up the good work, Li Xiaolei ,and remind yourself how much healthier you will be when you finally quit. Good luck and best wishes,Sun GaoStep 4 HomeworkRevise the unit and prepare for an exam.2 6 Unit3 Language pointsTeaching materialNSEFC Book 6 —— Unit 3Teaching Aims1.To learn some new words and phrases.2.To master the main idea of each paragraph.3.To learn some plicated sentence patterns.Teaching Important PointHowto help the students to master the usage of some useful words, expressions and sentences. Teaching Difficult PointHow to enable the students to grasp and remember the detailed information of thereading material.Teaching ProcedureStep1 RevisionMatch the words and expressions on the left to the explanations onthe right.be due tobe addicted to be accustomed to mentally a. likes sth very much and wants to spend as much time doing it as possibleb. because of ;owing toc. relating to the process of thinkingd. machines can do work by themselves instead ofpeople e. at last; in the endf. give upg. use your nose to notice or discover sth.automaticallyeventuallymanagequitsmellStep 2 Language points1.I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.due to 因为；由引起；由于accidents due to driving at high speedHer illness was due to bad food.Her absence was due to the storm.知识拓展 : 表示因果关系的单词和短语because of 介词短语“因为”较口语化owing to 介词短语“因为”较正式thanks to 介词短语“因为” “多亏了”as a result of 介词短语“因为”as a result 副词短语“因此”on account of 介词短语Because 从属连词“因为”表示所叙述的理由是本局的重点as/since 从属连词“因为”表示理由是已知的，而理由以外才是叙述的重点 for 并列连词，不用于句首，置于第一分句之后，补充理由；第一分句表示推测时，用for 说明推测的依据。