how to write a topic sentence 如何写好英语作文主题句
How_to_write_an_argumentation如何写英语议论文汇总
Disadvantages
- Addiction to the Internet, especially online games will exert adverse influence over people’s life, work and study.
- It is harmful to our health to spend too much time surfing online.
- Pornographic websites will lead te or off Campus
To live on campus - more opportunities to expose oneself to
例1: Why should the climate be warmer in the Southern Hemisphere? One reason may be that most of the Earth’s land mass is in the Northern Hemisphere, while our oceans are mostly in the southern half of the world. Water does not absorb sunlight in the same way land does. Also, industrial pollution is much heavier in the Northern Hemisphere, where it may be acting as a sunlight blocker.
（写作知识）如何写好TopicSentence-高级英语写作-北外网院论坛之家-Powe...
（写作知识）如何写好TopicSentence-高级英语写作-北外网院论坛之家-Powe...[写作知识]如何写好Topic Sentence本帖最后由 Tdengyajiao 于 2010-4-1 15:08 编辑如何写好Topic SentenceImportant Topic Sentence in a PassageThe topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph, which indicates the importance of the topic sentence.But what is the topic sentence? The topic sentence is an EMPHATICALLY placed, EXPLICIT statement of the central idea in a paragraph. A good topic sentence in a paragraph will help the writer to focus on his subject, prevent him from introducing unrelated material.How does a topic sentence work then? A topic sentence does two things:1) it lays down the subject2) it puts forth the main idea about the subjectsuppose we are asked to write a paragraph on each of the following subjects:1)Subject: MusicFocus: … is interesting and enjoyable.2)subject: Educationfocus: … is very important in the modern world.3)Subject: DramaFocus: I like …Now we have some topic sentences (which may or may not be good topic sentences—that is the question we are going to discuss below). Clearly each of the topic sentences has two parts: a subject and something said about the subject, we can call it the focus.But are they good topic sentences? Surely not! Take the subject “music” for instance.Ask ourselves, “what do we mean by music? What kind of music? Do we mean symphonic music, chamber music, pop music or other sources? How can we cover so many types of music in one paragraph? Or in a short article of 150 to 200 words?”Focus: … is interesting and enjoyable.Ask ourselves again, “ what do we mean by interesting and enjoyable? Look in a dictionary, interesting—exciting curiosity or attention, enjoyable—agreeable. These two words don’t say very much about music. They simply express approval and they are FAR TOO VAGUE for a good topic sentence.We can find that “Music is interesting and enjoyable” makes a bad topic sentence—bad because the subject is too broad; bad because the focus is vague.(Could you provide a satisfying topic sentence for the subject "music"??)The same is true of each of the following examples:Science fiction is always exciting.Water pollution is a big problem.Life began in a strange way.What makes good topic sentences then? A good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus. That is, neither too general nor too narrow. A topic sentence that is too general leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph. Too general requires much more paragraphs to develop it.Here are some simple, factual statements that are too narrow to require any development or support:1)I live in an apartment.2)Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.3) Many children watch cartoons on Saturday morning.The following, in contrast, are assertive statements that we can write about in a paragraph1) Living in an apartment has its drawbacks/advantages.2) Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had last summer.3) Some experts feel that violence in cartoons is bad for children.You can provide better topic sentences than that of the above. Why not have a try?Exercises: revise the following topic sentences to narrow the focus by stressing a controlling idea.Eg. Original: Today many young people have developed a culture of their own.Revision: Long hair, colorful clothing, and new musical forms are part of the new culture of many of today’s young people.Eg. The Santana is a fine car.à Super engine performance and beautiful design make the Santana a find automobile.1) Participation in college sports is beneficial.2) Motion pictures should be censored.3) People could make a better use of their leisure time.4) China should take a stronger role in world affairs.5) Studying a foreign language is useful.6) Online education is becoming more important every year.( No fixed answer to each question. Please provide your answer and let’s have some discussion here)MORE EXPLANATION ABOUT TOPIC SENTENCE-------------------------------------------What is a topic sentence?A topic sentence states the main point of a paragraph: it serves as a mini-thesis for the paragraph. You might think of it as a signpost for your readers—or a headline—something that alerts them to the most important, interpretive points in your essay. When read in sequence, your essay's topic sentences will provide a sketch of the essay's argument. Thus topics sentences help protect your readers from confusion by guiding them through the argument. But topicsentences can also help you to improve your essay by making it easier for you to recognize gaps or weaknesses in your argument.Where do topic sentences go?Topic sentences usually appear at the very beginning of paragraphs. In the following example from Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye establishes the figure of the tragic hero as someone more than human, but less than divine. He backs up his claim with examples of characters from literature, religion and mythology whose tragic stature is a function of their ability to mediate between their fellow human beings and a power that transcends the merely human: The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune, half-way between human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky. Prometheus, Adam, and Christ hang between heaven and earth, between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage. Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning: Milton's Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself, and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fall.The structure of Frye's paragraph is simple yet powerful: the topic sentence makes an abstract point, and the rest of the paragraph elaborates on that point using concrete examples as evidence.Does a topic sentence have to be at the beginning of a paragraph?No, though this is usually the most logical place for it. Sometimes a transitional sentence or two will come before a topic sentence: We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon need not be restricted to farce, but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers, with the function of increasing or focusing the comic mood. The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant, the character, often female, who presents a picture of unmitigated helplessness and destitution. Such a figure is pathetic, and pathos, though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy, is even more terrifying. Its basis is the exclusion of an individual from the group; hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possess--a fear much deeper than the relativelycosy and sociable bogey of hell. In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity, and the awful consequences of rejecting the suppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.The context for this passage is an extended discussion of the characteristics of tragedy. In this paragraph, Frye begins by drawing a parallel between the figure of the buffoon in comedy and that of the suppliant in tragedy. His discussion of the buffoon occurred in a earlier section of the chapter, a section devoted to comedy. The first sentence of the current paragraph is transitional: it prepares the way for the topic sentence. The delayed topic sentence contributes to the coherence of Frye's discussion by drawing an explicit connection between key ideas in the book. In essays, the connection is usually between the last paragraph and the current one.Sometimes writers save a topic sentence for the end of a paragraph. You may, for example, occasionally find that giving away your point at the beginning of a paragraph does not allow you to build your argument toward an effective climax.How do I come up with a topic sentence? And what makes a good one? Ask yourself what's going on in your paragraph. Why have you chosen to include the information you have? Why is the paragraph important in the context of your argument? What point are you trying to make?Relating your topic sentences to your thesis can help strengthen the coherence of your essay. If you include a thesis statement in your introduction, then think of incorporating a keyword from that statement into the topic sentence. But you need not be overly explicit when you echo the thesis statement. Better to be subtle rather than heavy-handed. Do not forget that your topic sentence should do more than just establish a connection between your paragraph and your thesis. Use a topic sentence to show how your paragraph contributes to the development of your argument by moving it that one extra step forward. If your topic sentence merely restates your thesis, then either your paragraph is redundant or your topic sentence needs to be reformulated. If several of your topic sentences restate your thesis, even if they do so in different words, then your essay is probably repetitive.Does every paragraph need one?No, but most do. Sometimes a paragraph helps to develop the same point as in the previous paragraph, and so a new topic sentence would be redundant. And sometimes the evidence in your paragraph makes your point so effectively that your topic sentence can remain implicit. But if you are in doubt, it's best to use one.。
How to write a topic sentence
How to write a topic sentenceThe definition of a topic sentenceA topic sentence is a complete sentence that states the main point of the paragraph. It introduces an overall idea or makes an abstract point that the writer wants to discuss later in the paragraph.The features of a topic sentenceA good topic sentence is necessary for a paragraph. It has the following four features:1. being a complete sentence;1) The importance of reading widely.Revised:Reading widely is very important in improvingone’s reading comprehension.2) To make all the decisions for children.Revised:Parents in China tend to make all the decisionsfor their children.2. including a topic and a controlling idea;The topic / subject: an idea that the sentence is about: matter, person, problem etc.The main / controlling idea: a statement that says something about the topic: place, time, aspect, similarities or differences, intention, cause and effect.e.g.: Television plays an educational role in our daily life.3. being neither too general nor specific;e.g.: (1) English writing is very difficult.In this sentence, “English writing”is the topic and “very difficult”the controlling idea. Obviously it is too big to develop. The sentence can be revised: English writing is comparatively more difficult than other language skills for Chinese students.(2) My hometown is famous because it is located by Wheaton River, which is very wide, and because it is built near an unusually steep hill called Wheaton Hill.The problem with this sentence is that it contains too many details. Topic sentences are general, and details should appear later in the paragraph.Revised:My hometown is famous for several amazing geographical features.The place of a topic sentenceBased on the need of a paragraph development, the topic, if there is one, may come at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.At the beginning of the paragraphMost of the time a topic sentence appears as the first sentence when the writer wants the reader to know how the paragraph will be developed and where the composition is headed.For example:There is a lot of work involved in fixing bicycles.First, it is necessary for one to become familiar with the structure and parts of the vehicle. Second, one must have the correct tools to make the necessary repairs. Third, the person making the repairs must prepare himself or herself toput a lot of time and effort into the job and only expect minimal results at the end.As is shown in the above sentence, the topic sentence in the very beginning directly leads readers to the point under discussion: the work in fixing bicycles.In the middle of the paragraphSometimes the topic is placed in the middle of the paragraph when the writer has information that needs to precede it. The paragraph usually involves comparison or contrast, introducing the similarities or differences of the things discussed, and the topic sentence serves as a transition. For example:Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility---both physical and psychological---has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.The topic sentence appears in the middle, which serves as a signal showing that the following sentences are about the difference between Californians and New Englanders. The preceding sentence, however, is about the similarity of them. By using comparison, the paragraph is well-organized.At the end of the paragraphSometimes the topic sentence is put at the end of a paragraph if the writer wants the reader to consider his line of reasoning before he declares his main point. The topic sentence plays a role of conclusion.For example:Give students a chance to grow. Do not mold them from one of a thousand patterns. Let them seek knowledge, but do not find it for them. Let them learn patience; do not force it on them. Let them take their own time to grow; do not set rigid time schedules. Most of all, do not push them against a stone wall, crushing them with knowledge gained from the experience of others. Experience cannot be taught; it must come slowly through personal search.The topic sentence appears as the last sentence, serving as a conclusion. And the preceding sentences are detailed information.No clear topic sentenceTom studied for four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.√Exercises:1.Write a topic sentence for the following topics. Remember to focus your controlling idea onone aspect of the topic.My universityMy hometownExtracurricular activitiesSurfing on the InternetTraffic jam2.Read each paragraph and underline the sentence which best expresses the main idea.(1)Americans make no distinction in greeting friends, acquaintance, elders, or superiors.When Americans see a close, a casual acquaintance, a teacher, or even someone they know only by sight, they are likely to say “Hi” in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintance. It only means that “Hi”serves as greeting for both.(2)For years I have struggled with my writing skills. My inability to master correct grammaras well as my struggle to formulate coherent ideas has made my compositions very dull and ineffective. This year, however, I decided to visit the Writing Center to help improve my skills. I found, to my surprise, that the real key to writing a good paper is to have a passion for the things about which you are writing. When a person becomes interested in his or her subject of composition, he or she will make a better attempt at organizing ideas and giving them a strong coherence.(3)My grandfather contracted lung cancer a few months ago. The doctors now say that heonly has a few weeks to live. My family’s situation is not unique. Millions of Americans are going through a similar experience. At least three members of every extended family will contract terminal disease before the age of sixty. At least one out of every three nuclear families will have a member who will die of cancer before that age of fifty. From these statistics and from personal experience it is evident that no one is unaffected by cancer.。
英文写作中的主题句编写技巧
英文写作中的主题句编写技巧在英文写作中，主题句（topic sentence）起着至关重要的作用。
它为整篇文章提供了一个明确的中心思想，帮助读者更好地理解作者的意图和观点。
一个好的主题句不仅要能够概括段落的主题，还要具有清晰明了的表达和逻辑连贯的结构。
以下是几种常用的主题句编写技巧，帮助提高英文写作的流畅度和逻辑性。
1. 使用明确的论点一个好的主题句应该直接指出段落的论点或主题，避免含糊不清或模棱两可的表述。
例如，如果段落的内容是关于环境保护的重要性，一个明确的主题句可以是：“环境保护是我们应该关注和采取行动的重要议题。
”此句明确指出了段落的主题，并且给读者一个清晰的引导。
2. 结合具体的例子或证据一个好的主题句应该包含具体的例子或证据来支持主题。
这样做不仅能够增加文章的可信度，还能够使读者更好地理解作者的观点。
例如，在讨论科技对教育的影响时，一个好的主题句可以是：“科技在教育中的广泛应用，如在线学习和智能教具，为学生提供了更多的学习机会和资源。
”此句使用了具体的例子，使主题更加生动。
3. 引出论据或解释原因一个好的主题句应该引出后续段落中即将提出的支持论据或解释原因。
这样做可以帮助读者更好地理解文章的逻辑和结构。
例如，在讨论减少塑料污染的解决方案时，一个好的主题句可以是：“减少使用塑料袋是减少塑料污染的有效措施之一。
”此句引出了后续段落中将会提到的关于塑料袋使用减少的论据。
4. 利用转折或对比一个好的主题句可以通过使用转折或对比来吸引读者的注意力，并且提升文章的逻辑性。
例如，在讨论旅游对环境的影响时，一个好的主题句可以是：“尽管旅游业对环境造成了一些负面影响，但它也为经济和社会带来了巨大的益处。
”此句通过使用转折，使主题句更加有争议性和吸引力。
5. 使用问题或反问一个好的主题句可以通过使用问题或反问来引发读者的思考，并且加强文章的观点和论证。
例如，在讨论是选择传统学习还是在线学习时，一个好的主题句可以是：“是传统学习还是在线学习能够更好地满足学生的学习需求？”此句通过使用问题，引发读者思考并为后续段落提供了方向。
a new topic sentence英语作文
a new topic sentence英语作文是Essay中心句(Topic Sentence)？当然中心句需要概括本段的主旨都知道的。
但是具体怎么写Essay中心句呢？中心句的两大要素分别为：topic+controlng idea。
其实也就是说，首先中心句要有关于一个话题，其次中心句必须是一个观点句，关于这个话题你到底具体到写哪一个点，需要在你的里明确。
看例子：1）Smarts can be expensive.这句话里，topic是arts,controlng idea是can be expensive.可以预测这段话的内容会阐述为智能会比别的贵。
2）Information on the internet is not reable.这句话里，topic 是information on the internet,controlng idea是is not reiable.我们也可以预测后面的内容应该是说为的息不可靠。
Essay中心句(Topic Sentence)写作需要注意：1）中心句只针对body paragraph，开头和结尾段是没有写中心句的必要的。
因为这两段的每一句都很重要，是这个的主体。
以后我们还会专门讲introduction和conclusion怎么写。
2）Essay写作中，中心句应该是关于一个话题的观点句，只有一个观点句才有的必要。
而且中心句的话题和观点还不能太大也不能太窄。
太大的话题一段话写不完，太窄的话题没有内容可以写，比如， is an ancient country with gloous tronditional hetages.这个句子作为一个段落的中心句太大了，在一段话里你是详细阐述的。
3）中心句由topic+controlng idea构成，也就决定了段落其他内容必须和中心句内容相关。
这个叫做写作里要遵守的unity原则，说的简单一点，就是不要说废话。
说的每一句话都要和中心相关。
How to write a good topic__ Sentence
How to write a good topic Sentence?写作模式1) As one of my most rewarding experiences, doing something has brought/canbring a lot of benefits to my life. (topic sentence)Detail 1 2) For one thing, …(理由I) 3)Unlike…,it offers me much freedom to。
Detail 2 4)For another…(理由II) 5)Through…, I have more chances to…Detail 3 6)And the most amazing result of doing so is that…(理由III) 7)Now I tend to …Conclusion 8)In sum,there is not anything in …(my life) that is more beneficial than doing sth.Reference model:Chatting Online —My Most Rewarding Experience1) As one of my most rewarding experiences, chatting online has brought a lot of benefits to my life.2) For one thing, it helps me avoid nervousness and embarrassment I used to feel in regular talks. 3) Unlike the face-to-face conversation, it offers me much freedom in time to think out my ideas and prepare them well before posting them on the screen. 4) For another, it adds no little to the improvement of my English. 5) Through online chatting, I have more chances to speak with native speakers, thus bathing myself in the sea of genuine English. 6) The most valuable result of chatting online is that it gives me insights into other cultures and keeps my mind open to better ways of seeing things. 7) Now I tend to see things from a more objective perspective. 8) In short, there is not anything in my free time that is more beneficial than chatting online.1) The effects / influences / impacts / mark of sth. on our life / society are (is) positive/ negative/ profound/ far-reaching / a mixed one.（主题句）. 2) On the one hand, ……(分析I). 3) ……(进一步阐述). 4）On the other, (分析II).5) …… (进一步阐述). 6) On the whole,_______ (分析III). 7)……(进一步阐述). 8) Therefore, _________(结尾句).Reference model:The Effects of SARS upon Our SocietyThe effects of SARS on our society are both negative and positive. 2) On the one hand, it has brought about a heavy loss to our economy. 3) According to the official report, it is a foregone conclusion that there is a great loss in such industries as transportation, food, recreation, and tourism. 4) On the other,it will serve as a reminder of what the healthy lifestyle should be like. 5) We will think of it when we spit anywhere, when we help ourselves to wild game, and when we are careless of our personal hygiene. 6) On the whole, SARS has made a great difference to ourlong-honored ways of seeing things. 7) Despite our efforts, for example, our wish to better economy has invited heavy losses in it as a result of our ignorance of otherfactors, such as the attack of SARS. 8) Although SARS is bound to die out, therefore, its influences will not fade away in the years to come.写作模式1) The importance of sth. is now drawing more of our concern than ever before.(topic sentence)Analysis 1 2) To begin with, it has a strong hold on … 3)…(进一步阐述) Analysis2 4) Besides, it serves as a litmus test for… 5)…(进一步阐述) Analysis3 6) And most of all, it has the power to determine whether or not…7)…(进一步阐述)Conclusion 8) In short, where there is a better employment of sth., there will be more hope of…Reference model:The Importance of Body Language to Our Success in Social Contact The importance of body language to our success in social contact is now drawing more of our concern than ever before. 2) To begin with, it has a strong hold on the reactions of others to us . 3) What we tend to show through our eyes, faces, bodies and gestures often brings about a chain of reactions from others, ranging from appreciation to disgust. 4) Besides, it serves as a litmus test(试金石)for our true feelings. 5) Every time we make insincere remarks, our facial expressions, the tones of our voices and even our posture may reveal more to others than our speech. 6) And most of all, i t has the power to determine whether or not we will succeed in social contact. 7) If you have a decisive date with a girl / boy and your manners or the way you conduct yourself doesn’t match your social status, for example, your chances of winning the other’s heart will be slim. 8)In short, where there is a better exercise of body language in social contact, there will be more hope of success.写作模式1)Doing sth. / Sth. is so popular in our society that many people regard it as anatural thing we have to live with.(错误观点) 2) Underlying their view is the ground that …(理由I) 3) Furthermore, they argue that …(理由II)However, as far as I am concerned, we should… (topic sentence)4) On the one hand, a deeper insight into the problem, can find that …(批驳分析I) 5）If allowed to run its course, it would …(进一步阐述) 6）On the otherhand, …(批驳分析II) 7) It must be kept in mind that … (进一步阐述) 8)Thus, no room is to be left for (doing) sth. in our society.Reference model:Should We Leave Some Room for Cheating on Exams in Our Society?1) Nowadays, cheating in exams is so popular on campus that many people regard itas a natural thing we have to live with. 2) Underlying their view is the ground that any struggle against it will give rise to more sophisticated methods of cheating, like burning the grass that comes back to life in spring winds. 3) Furthermore,they argue that the cheaters’ success in the college entrance examinations did not come by easily and they will forever lose the chance of further education if they are expelled from school. However, as far as I am concerned, we should leave no room for cheating on exams in our society.4) On the one hand, a deeper insight into the problem, however, can find that those keen on this have formed a raging current, which is eating away at the foundations of our values and moralities in education. 5) If allowed to run its course, this current, with more and more students getting involved in it, would become stronger and stronger until there would be little that we can do about it. 6) On the other hand, a severe punishment for cheating on exams can bring both honesty and fair competition back into our campus life. 7) It must be kept in mind that the purpose of our education is not to preserve every student’s false mask but to build up their self-confidence for the sake of future competition. 8) Thus, no room is to be left for cheating on exams in our society.课堂上练习的主题句写作：My Views on Job-hoppingPlease write down the first paragraph on the topicMy Views on Job-hopping1.Many people are inclined to do one job in their lives, while others may nothesitate to hop to a more suitable one.2.Some stick to doing his best in one job so as to be professional in the field,whereas others argue that change means challenge and progress.3.In my opinion, fixed or flexible job does not count. Rat her, one’s job must fit to his interest and ability.。
如何编写对话英语作文
如何编写对话英语作文编写对话英语作文是一种展示语言技能和创造力的好方法。
以下是一些步骤和技巧，可以帮助你编写出色的对话英语作文：1. 确定主题和背景：- 首先，确定你的对话作文的主题。
它可能是一个日常生活场景，比如在咖啡馆的对话，或者是一个虚构的故事，比如两个朋友讨论未来的计划。
2. 设计角色：- 为你的对话创建角色。
每个角色都应该有自己独特的性格和说话方式。
考虑他们的年龄、性别、职业和背景。
3. 构建对话框架：- 规划对话的结构。
决定对话的开始、发展和结束。
确保对话有清晰的起始点和结束点。
4. 使用自然语言：- 使用日常会话中的语言。
避免使用过于正式或书面的语言，除非角色需要这样说话。
5. 展示而非告知：- 通过对话展示角色的性格和情感，而不是直接告诉读者。
例如，通过角色的言语和行为来展示他们的性格特征。
6. 注意语法和词汇：- 确保你的对话语法正确，词汇恰当。
使用适合角色的词汇和表达方式。
7. 使用标点符号：- 正确使用标点符号来表示停顿、强调和情感。
例如，使用逗号来分隔对话中的句子，使用问号和感叹号来表示问题和强烈的情感。
8. 练习听力和口语：- 通过听英语对话和练习口语来提高你的对话写作技能。
这可以帮助你更自然地写作对话。
9. 获取反馈：- 向老师或同学展示你的对话作文，并请求反馈。
他们可能会提供宝贵的意见来帮助你改进。
10. 不断练习：- 写作是一个不断进步的过程。
不断练习编写对话，尝试不同的场景和角色，以提高你的技能。
记住，对话作文的目的是展示角色之间的互动和交流，同时练习你的英语写作技巧。
通过遵循这些步骤，你可以创建有趣、引人入胜的对话作文。
how to write topic sentences
Writing a topic sentence
I need a water bottle for the hike in case I get thirsty. A sweater is useful if it gets cold. A compass will help me go in the right direction. Sandwiches will be an easy-to-carry snack. I can use a camera to take pictures of unusual or attractive places. Q: Is it a paragraph? A: No, it isn’t. Without a central idea, a group of sentences is just a list, and not an actual paragraph.
What is the main topic? Stop the bicycle safely Repair a flat tire on a bicycle Find a quiet place away from the road Remove the tire Use a patch kit to fix the tube Replace the tire
Writing a topic sentence
I need a water bottle for the hike in case I get thirsty. A sweater is useful if it gets cold. A compass will help me go in the right direction. Sandwiches will be an easy-to-carry snack. I can use a camera to take pictures of unusual or attractive places. Can we make it a paragraph? How can we make it a paragraph? We can make it a paragraph by giving it a central idea, or a focus. We give it a focus by stating the central idea in one sentence, which is called the topic sentence.
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You cannot write the topic sentence until you know what comes next.
Definition
❖A topic sentence is the sentence to tell the reader what the paragraph is mainly about.
❖American food is terrible. ❖American food is tasteless and greasy
because Americans use too many canned, frozen, and packaged foods and because everything is fried in oil or butter.
❖Better:
❖How to keep fit. ❖First, must not be gossipy and must respect
other’s privacy.
❖Thanks
Better: ❖Travelling enables me to know more about
the cultures and customs on a foreign land.
Exercise
❖We can do some push-ups and sit-ups every day to keep fit and well.
2. Controlling Idea: a key word or phrase expressing the basic point of a paragraph. (specific, to show the attitude)
eg: Smoking is can be an expensive habit.
smartphone. 4. There are two visible upsides to growing up in a
small town.
6 Features of a suitable topic sentence.
1. A good topic sentence should not be too general. 2. It should not be too specific. 3. So it should be limited. 4. And it leads itself to development; it should have
In other words
❖Topic: 主题
❖Controlling idea: 中心思想 其作用是导向和制约主题。没有导向，内容 易偏题；没有制约，内容可能超出段落可容 纳的范围
Analysis of Examples
❖Example: 1. Travelling in a group is more enjoyable. 2. Convenience food is easy to prepare and cook. 3. It is never difficult to find out the merits of a
❖Better:
Exercise
❖It is convenient for people to live in a mega city. “Convenient” is a very general word.
Better: ❖It is quite convenient for adults to land a
a sense of direction, forecasting what comes next. 5. It should mention only one topic. 6. It should be a complete sentence.
Exercise: analyze some unsuitable TS
Note: A topic sentence is for a paragraph, like a thesis statement is for an essay.
Parts of a TS
❖Two components in a topic sentence
1. Topic: tells the reader what this paragraph is about. (general, to show the subject)
job when living in a mega city.
❖We have to save money for our future. ❖Mathematics is very important.
❖Revised:
Exercise
❖Travelling abroad can widen my view.
❖Revised: We should keep fit by means of regular exercise.
Hale Waihona Puke Exercise❖First, online shopping gives consumers good discounts as well as far more choices compared with making purchases in a real shop.