高一第二学期期中试题
济宁市第一中学2023-2024学年度第二学期高一期中检测物理试题Word版
注意事项：济宁市第一中学2023-2024 学年度第二学期高一期中测试物理试卷考试时间：90 分钟1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择题:本题共 8 小题，每小题 3 分，共 24 分，每个小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.下列说法正确的是（）A.开普勒在第谷观测的天文数据基础上得到了开普勒行星运动定律B ．20 世纪初建立的量子力学理论，使人们认识到牛顿力学理论也适用于微观粒子的运动C.开普勒第一定律认为，所有行星围绕太阳运动的轨迹是椭圆，太阳位于椭圆轨道中心D.牛顿发现了万有引力定律，随后卡文迪什进行了“月-地检验”将万有引力定律推广至自然界所有物体之间2.下列四幅图是有关生活中的圆周运动的实例分析，其中说法正确的是（）A.汽车通过凹形桥的最低点时，速度越快越容易爆胎B.铁路的转弯处，外轨比内轨高是为了利用轮缘与内轨的侧压力来帮助火车转弯C ．图中所示是圆锥摆，减小θ，但保持圆锥的高不变，则圆锥摆的角速度变大D ．洗衣机的脱水是利用了失重现象3.如图，运动员将质量为 m 的篮球从 h 高处投出，篮球进入离地面 H 高处的篮筐时速度为 v ，若以篮球投出时位置所在水平面为零势能面，将篮球看成质点，忽略空气阻力，对于篮球，下列说法正确的是（）A.进入篮筐时势能为 mgHB.在刚被投出时动能为mgH + 1 mv 22C.进入篮筐时机械能为mgH + 1mv 22D.经过途中 P 点时的机械能为mgH - mgh + 1mv 224.如图所示，中国自行研制、具有完全知识产权的“神舟”飞船某次发射过程简化如下：飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射，由“长征”运载火箭送入近地点为 A 、远地点为 B 的椭圆轨道上，在 B 点通过变轨进入预定圆轨道。
则（）A.在椭圆轨道上运行时，飞船在 A 点的速度比 B 点的小B.在椭圆轨道上运行时，飞船在 A 点的加速度比 B 点的大C.在 B 点变轨前后，飞船的机械能不变D.在 B 点飞船通过减速从椭圆轨道进入预定圆轨道5.如图所示是一簇未标明方向、由单一点电荷产生的电场线，虚线是某一带电粒子通过该电场区域时的运动轨迹，a 、b 是轨迹上的两点。
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案(共3套)
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案(共3套)高一第二学期期中考试语文试题（满分：150分；考试时间：150分钟）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）文化软实力，是指一个国家或地区基于文化而具有的凝聚力、生命力、创新力、传播力和影响力。
“文化软实力”的说法源自XXX的软实力理论。
一般来说，软实力是一种隐形的力量，蕴含在文化、政治价值观、外交政策和国际形象四个载体中。
在这四个载体中，文化是核心，其他三个组成部分也都深深地烙上了文化的影子。
甚至有人直接把软实力解释成文化力。
基于此，文化软实力就有了广义和狭义之分，广义的文化软实力就是指“软实力”；狭义的文化软实力，则是构成软实力的文化要素。
文化软实力的形成必须依赖先进的文化，而这种文化只有与时俱进才能更好地服务于相应的时代和社会，才能更好地促进个人全面自由的发展，才能体现出强大的吸引力和感染力。
文化软实力的作用，主要体现在国内和国际两个方面。
在国内，它通过文化建设不断增强本国文化的认同感，抵御国外一些敌对文化理念的侵袭，增强国内民众的凝聚力。
通过吸收国外先进文化元素和不断改造本国文化中落后的成分，使本国文化更加适应当前形势，更好地指导经济建设，更好地彰显本国文化的强劲生命力。
在国际政治舞台上，兼容并蓄、富有活力的本国文化必将为国外受众所认可，使本国所奉行的理念得到传播，从而提升国家形象和影响力。
文化软气力产生于一定的文化资本。
这些资本包括国家价值寻求、社会理念、宗教崇奉、品德规范，还包括风俗惯、民族精神、国民素质、文学艺术等，还与教育、科技、文化财产的开展水平密切相干。
文化软气力产生的根本是人们对本国中心价值体系的认同和接受。
与传统手段相比，非强制手段是文化软气力完成的手段，而国家的综合国力是文化软气力的力量施展阐发形式。
在现实社会中，往往存在重器不重道的现象。
它表现在国家综合实力的建设上，就是重视提升硬实力而不重视提升文化软实力。
重视提升硬实力是对的，文化软实力也一定要以硬实力为基础。
江西省南昌市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中英语试题(解析版)
南昌二中2023-2024学年度下学期高一期中考试英语试卷第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about?A.A floodB. A fireC. A car accident2.How many tickets does the woman need to buy?A.7B.6C.53.What do we know about the man?A. He just bought a new house.B. He doesn’t get along with his roommates.C. He is a man of bad temper.4.What time is it now?A.9:00B. 9:10C.9:405.What does the man say about the woman?A. She should have been more active.B. She was very talkative.C. She danced very well.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where does the woman come from?A. Australia.B. EnglandC. Brazil.7.What does the woman do ?A. She’s a trader.B. She’s a student.C. She’s a receptionist.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
高一期中考试试题及答案
高一期中考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞壁只存在于植物细胞B. 细胞膜是细胞的外层结构C. 细胞核是细胞的能量转换器D. 线粒体是细胞的遗传物质储存地答案：B2. 光合作用中，水分子分解发生在：A. 光反应阶段B. 暗反应阶段C. 光反应和暗反应阶段D. 细胞呼吸阶段答案：A3. 人体细胞中，负责合成蛋白质的结构是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 高尔基体答案：B4. 以下哪种元素不属于人体必需的微量元素？A. 铁B. 锌C. 钙D. 碘答案：C5. 细胞分裂过程中，染色体数目加倍发生在：A. 有丝分裂前期B. 有丝分裂中期C. 有丝分裂后期D. 减数分裂第一次分裂答案：C6. 下列关于酶的描述，错误的是：A. 酶是活细胞产生的B. 酶是蛋白质或RNAC. 酶可以提高化学反应速率D. 酶在反应后被消耗答案：D7. 人体中，血红蛋白的主要功能是：A. 运输氧气B. 运输二氧化碳C. 调节酸碱平衡D. 储存能量答案：A8. 以下哪种激素不属于内分泌腺分泌的激素？A. 胰岛素B. 甲状腺激素C. 肾上腺素D. 消化酶答案：D9. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的是：A. 红细胞B. 白细胞C. 血小板D. 血浆答案：B10. 人体细胞中，负责储存遗传信息的是：A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 细胞核答案：D二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. 细胞膜的主要功能是________和________。
答案：保护细胞内部结构；控制物质进出2. 人体中，负责合成和分泌胰岛素的腺体是________。
答案：胰腺3. 光合作用中，光能被转化为________和________。
答案：化学能；热能4. 人体中，负责运输氧气的蛋白质是________。
答案：血红蛋白5. 人体免疫系统中，负责识别和攻击外来病原体的细胞是________。
上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars.2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s.C．To her flat. D．To the garage.3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law.C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website.4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official.C．Customer and insurance agent. D．Boss and secretary.5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6．A．She prefers dogs to cats.B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D．She is always in low spirits.7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place.B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C．They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car.10．A．She won’t do the presentation.B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D．The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food.C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked.B．Because they fit well in the fridge.C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food.B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work.C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries.15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B．Take care of children and the elderly.C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots.C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving.17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21．No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A．which B．that C．who D．as22．______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A．Who do you suggest that should B．Who do you suggestC．Whom do you suggest should D．Do you suggest who should23．I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A．which, as B．which, which C．which, where D．as, in which24．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because25．It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A．since, made possible B．before, make possibleC．since, made possible that D．before, make it possible26．The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A．how it intended to B．that it had intended toC．as it intended to D．what it was intended to27．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A．the moment, that B．the moment, whenC．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which28．The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A．so that, as B．such that, as C．so that, with D．such that, in that29．His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A．who, when B．who, / C．what, / D．what, that30．It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B．as, that C．nor, which D．like, which31．______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A．No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B．Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC．Barely he had swept the floors clean than D．Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he providedC．he was at home, be provide D．he was at home, he providing33．Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A．though B．if C．as D．unless34．The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A．explanation B．demonstrations C．illustrations D．presentations35．The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A．embraces B．identifies C．examines D．criticizes36．______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A．Overwhelmed B．Disappointed C．Frustrated D．Shocked37．After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A．concerned with B．committed to C．informed of D convinced of38．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down39．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for40．After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A．reluctant to B．obliged to C．motivated to D．honored to41．Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A．worthwhile to develop B．worth being developedC．worthy to be developed D．worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名）attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine（豪车）to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success （at least in terms of 59 ）is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject53．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes54．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on55．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature56．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence57．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens58．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor59．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation60．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse61．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly62．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university63．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections64．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back65．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging66．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolutionSection B Passages（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves（蒜瓣）in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）. 67．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand68．Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A．A student having trouble with sleep B．A woman bearing a baby.C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic.69．Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in waterC．The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A．Venturous and greedy B．Innovative and perseverantC．Hardworking and cautious D．Observant and helpful（B）71．By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A．make sense to manufacturers B．get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D．are piled up together72．Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A．Dreampad pillow B．Eight sleep trackerC．Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D．Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B．The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C．Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D．One in three people suffer from sleep problem.（C）One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches（雀）resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers（莺）exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off（权衡）has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms （算法）, trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo（原状）. When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy （浮标）at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74．The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A．like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB．some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC．there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD．birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75．According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A．will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB．are ready to risk in time of difficultyC．will be tough in good times and bad timesD．will grow to be experts in lab studies76．Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A．The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B．The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C．The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D．The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77．Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A．How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B．How to Become a Productive FishermanC．What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D．When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo（安慰剂）.Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao （also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea）could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ．Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet（槌球）and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement（代言）deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 （take）place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 （generate）even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 （sell ）even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 （become）solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ．Translations92．结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。
江西省赣州市于都中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(原卷版)
于都中学2023～2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文试卷2024年4月考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。
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写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
儒家思想的建立孔子身处的时代，礼崩乐坏，西周的封建制度随着西周本土的沦陷，只剩下一个空名。
在大崩溃的时候，孔子致力于重建超越时空限制的普世价值观念，将依据理性道德建立的系统作为自己安身立命之所，也作为世界可以遵行的、他所盼望的行为准则。
孔子教诲门下，并不像后世所谓的学校，而是与来自各方的同人和朋友们随机讨论问题，共同建立和发展一套思想体系。
从一开始，孔子注意的就不是个人“独善其身”的道德，而是人与人之间的相处之道——这相处之道又建立在道德之上。
“道”在孔子心目中是永恒而且普世的原则，即使是至高无上的神明“天”，也不过是“道”的显现，“天”和“道”是一体两面。
神的力量和永恒、普世的原则，虽然抽象，但“道”不只存在于人与人的相处之中，它还存在于万事之中。
因此，儒家思想落实在人间事务上，是主导人间关系的大原则、确立人和人之间相处的尺寸与尺度。
孔子将中国后世几千年的思想脉络一锤定音，这是一门人间与社会的学问，而非今天学术界的认知学问。
这个特点我们必须记得，它乃是中国和西方制度方向上最大的差异。
儒家思想中的“安人”与“安百姓”孔子认为门下的弟子分别属于四个门类：德行、政事、语言、文学。
这四科各有出色的代表人物。
德行是修身，政事是为人服务，语言是处理社会事务和传达信息，文学是书写能力，与语言同为传达信息之用。
河南省商丘市一中2021-2022学年高一下学期期中语文试题
商丘市一高2021—2022学年第二学期期中考试试题高一语文试卷命题人：审题人：一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
文化是一个国家凝聚力、生命力和影响力的集中体现，并且用一种更基本、更深沉、更持久的方式深刻影响着这个世界。
一直以来，中国始终致力于与世界各国勠力同心，共建人类命运共同体。
然而，一些地区的贫富分化、环境污染、资源枯竭，以及一些国家奉行的强权政治、丛林法则等不和谐因素不仅加剧了全球局势的动荡不安，更成为阻碍人类社会和平发展的重大障碍。
党的十九届五中全会旗帜鲜明地提出到2035年建成文化强国的目标，这是党中央首次明确建成文化强国的具体时间表，意味着中国文化必将以一种更加强健且丰满的姿态，参与到人类社会发展的历史进程中，成为推动构建人类命运共同体的澎湃力量。
以文化之魂，凝聚人类命运共同体意义上的价值共识。
人类命运共同体是依托于中国优秀传统文化而生成的一种价值理念。
“尚和”“天下”“大同”等思想描绘了人类命运共同体的重要特征。
在此，文化之“强”并不意味着文化霸权，而是说要对自己的文化足够自信，以至海纳百川、有容乃大，进而形成世界多元文化的合力。
正如习近平总书记所强调的，“中国共产党关注人类前途命运，同世界上一切进步力量携手前进”。
只有坚守这一原则，我们才能在诸多冲突与挑战面前，会同天下，共克时艰。
以文化之声，唱响人类命运共同体叙事中的中国故事。
人类命运共同体作为人类社会未来发展的愿景理念，体现了中华民族对世界的总体期待，凝聚了悠远厚重的中国智慧。
在此，文化之“强”，主要体现在让文化真正走进生活，让文化触手可及。
一方面，中国文化应深度融入世界文化主流，贴近各国人民的现实生活，创造出一批广泛传播的文化产品，把这种跨越时空、超越国度、富有魅力的文化精神与“中国”两字深度捆绑；另一方面，中国文化应致力于打造对话和交流的平台，完善文化交往的机制，推动微观层面的文化互动。
深圳中学2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文试题及答案
深圳中学2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试试题高一语文考试时长：150分钟卷而总分：150分一、单项选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．下列句子中，不含通假字的一组是（）（2分）A．失其所与，不知河海不择细流B．遂散六国之从盖亦反其本矣C．焉用亡郑以陪邻籍寇兵而贵盗粮D．俯足以畜妻子申之以孝悌之义2．下列加点词的解释全部正确的一组是（）（2分）A．功施．到今施：施展/王若隐．其无罪而就死地隐：隐瞒B．批．大郤，导大窾批：击/如上委．地委：散落C．臣以神遇．而不以目视遇：对待/道芷阳间．行间：秘密地D．且君尝为晋君赐．矣赐：赏赐/又欲肆．其西封肆：肆意3．对下列句中加点词的意义和用法完全一致的一组是（）（2分）A．方．六七十/且知方．也B．杀人如不能举．/举．所佩玉玦以示之者三C．度．我至军中，君乃入/道不通，度．己失期D．沛公不胜．杯杓/刑人如恐不胜．4．下列句子中加点词的意义与现代汉语相同的一组是（）（2分）A．沛公奉卮酒为寿，约为婚姻．．B．依乎天理．．，批大郤，导大窾C．三年之后，未尝．．见全牛也D．莅中国．．而抚四夷也5．成语，是古代汉语的活化石。
下列我们学过的文中原句与所选成语都有一个共同的字，它们的意思都相同的一组是（）（2分）①“料大王士卒足以当项王乎”旗鼓相当②“因人之力而敝之，不仁”因利乘便③“微夫人之力不及此”微乎其微④“何伤乎，亦各言其志也”无伤大雅⑤“肩之所倚，足之所履”削足适履⑥“今急而求子，是寡人之过也”是可忍，孰不可忍A．①②⑤⑥ B．①②④⑥ C．①③④⑤ D．②④⑤⑥6．下列加点词的活用现象相同的一组是（）（2分）A．赤也为之小．，孰能为之大．三子者出，曾皙后．B．然后从而刑．之强．公室，杜私门C．共其乏困．．越国以鄙远．D．欲辟土地，朝．秦楚王无异．于百姓之以王为爱也7．下列“而”的用法与其他项不同的一项是（）（2分）A．无恒产而有恒心者，惟士为能B．士不产于秦，而愿忠者众C．今人有大功而击之D．此惟救死而恐不赡8．下列句子中加点虚词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）（2分）A．夫我乃．行之，反而求之，不得吾心/合于《桑林》之舞，乃．中《经苜》之会B．敢以．烦执事/以．乱易整，不武C．异乎．三子者之撰/岂敢反乎．D．邹人与．楚人战，则王以为孰胜/可得闻与．9．与“百姓之不见保”句式相同的一项是（）（2分）A．若属皆且为所虏 B．臣之所好者道也C．保民而王，莫之能御也 D．宜乎百姓之谓我爱也10．下列各项对文化常识的介绍有错误的一项是（）（2分）A．寡人，即寡德之人，君王对自己的谦称，类似的还有予一人、孤、不榖、陛下等。
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2009—2010学年第二学期高一期中考试化学试卷满分100分考试时间：90分钟2009.4.29答题要求：1、将选择题的答案填涂在机读卡上，请正确填涂机读卡并认真检查核对。
2、将填空题答案填写在答题纸相应位置。
3、收卷时将答题纸、机读卡单收，在试卷上答题无效。
4、在试卷左侧密封线内写清班级、姓名、学号可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 O：16 C:12第Ⅰ卷(共50分)一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1-15题每题2分，16-21题每题3分，共48分)。
1．化学科学需要借助化学专用语言来描述，下列有关化学用语正确的是2．下列关于元素周期表的认识中，其中不正确．．．的是A．元素周期表有18个族B．元素原子的电子层数等于其所在周期的周期序数C．元素周期表有七个周期D．主族元素原子的最外层电子数等于其所在族的族序数3．下列反应中属于吸热反应的是A．碳酸钙受热分解B．乙醇燃烧C．铝粉与氧化铁粉末反应D．氧化钙溶于水4．用铁片和稀硫酸反应制取氢气时，下列措施不能使氢气的生成速率加快的是A、加热B、将稀硫酸改为98%的浓硫酸C、将铁片改为铁粉D、将0.5mol·L—1的稀硫酸改为2mol·L—1的稀硫酸5．下列叙述错误的．．．是A．13C和14C属于同一种元素，它们互为同位素B．1H和2H是不同的核素，它们的质子数相等C．14C和14N的质量数相等，它们的中子数不等D．6Li和7Li的电子数相等，中子数也相等6．下列分子中，所有原子不可．．能．共处在同一平面上的是A．C2H4B．Cl2C．CH4D．C6H67．在盛有稀H2SO4的烧杯中放入导线连接的锌片和铜片，下列叙述正确的是A．正极附近的SO42—离子浓度逐渐增大B．电子通过导线由铜片流向锌片C．正极有O2逸出D．铜片上有H2逸出8．下列物质不能使溴水褪色的是A．乙烯B．二氧化硫C．丁烯D．丙烷9、下列反应中，属于加成反应的是A．丁烷与氯气光照下的反应B．乙烯在空气中的燃烧C．CH3—CH＝CH2 ＋Br2 CH3—CHBr－CH2BrD．＋Br2 ＋HBr10．2005年下半年，我国接连发生多起煤矿爆炸事故，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。
煤矿发生爆炸事故的元凶是煤矿坑道气中含有的甲烷。
下列说法错误的是A．甲烷分子是一种呈正四面体型的、含有极性共价键的分子B．甲烷可使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色C．甲烷是天然气的主要成分D．甲烷与空气混合遇明火可发生爆炸，煤矿一定要严禁烟火。
11．在2A＋B 3C＋4D中，表示该反应速率最快的是A．υ(A) = 0.5mol·L－1·s－1B．υ(B) = 0.3 mol·L－1·s－1C．υ(C) = 0.8mol·L－1·s－1D．υ(D)= 1 mol·L－1·s－112．下列事实能证明乙烯分子中含有一个碳碳双键的是A．乙烯分子里碳氢原子个数之比为1∶2B．乙烯完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O的物质的量相等C．乙烯易与溴水发生加成反应，且1 mol C2H4完全加成消耗1 mol Br2D．乙烯能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色13．Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ是三种金属，根据下列①、②两个实验，确定它们的还原性强弱顺序为。
①当Ａ与Ｂ浸在稀硫酸中用导线相连，Ａ上有气泡逸出，Ｂ逐渐溶解。
②将Ａ放入Ｃ的盐溶液中会有C单质析出Ａ．Ａ>B>C B．B>C>A C．C>A>B D．B>A>C14．下图是周期表中短周期的一部分．若X原子最外层电子数目比次外层电子数目少3个，则下列说法中不正确的是A．X、Y、Z最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性强弱关系Z＞Y＞XB．原子半径的大小顺序是Z＞Y＞X＞WC．X、Y、Z各元素最高正价和最低负价的绝对值的和都为8D．Z的氢化物比X的氢化物稳定15、下列物质不属于有机物的是（）A．酒精B．尿素Ｃ．苯Ｄ．碳酸氢氨16、某烷烃含有200个氢原子，那么该烃的分子式是（）A ．C 97H 200B ．C 99H 200 C ．C 98H 200D ．C 100H 200 17、常温下，下列物质的状态是气体的是 （ ）A ．CH 4B ．CCl 4C ．1，2-二溴乙烷D ．苯 18、等物质的量的下列各烃完全燃烧时，消耗氧气最多的是（ ）A 、C 4H 8B 、C 3H 6 C 、C 2H 4D 、C 2H 619、2008年北京奥运会火炬以中国传统祥云符号和纸卷轴为创意，由铝合金制成，使用的燃料为丙烷。
下列说法不正确．．．的是（ ） A ．丙烷充分燃烧的产物是水和二氧化碳B ．丙烷燃烧是吸热反应C ．铝柄有一层致密的氧化膜可防止其腐蚀D ．火炬燃料用丙烷比用煤油更环保20、某烃的结构简式为，它可能具有的性质是（ ）A ．易溶于水，也易溶于有机溶剂B ．能使溴水退色，但不能使酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色C ．既能使溴水退色，又能使酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色D ．能与氢气发生加成反应，1mol 该物质最多消耗3mol 氢气21．下图为氢氧燃料电池原理示意图，按照此图的提示，下列叙述不正确的是A ．a 电极是负极B ．b 电极的电极反应为：4OH －-4e －== 2H 2O+O 2↑C ．氢氧燃料电池是一种具有应用前景的绿色电源D ．氢氧燃料电池是一种不需要将还原剂和氧化剂全部储藏在电池内的新型发电装置22．某一反应物的浓度是2.0 mol/L,经过4 min 后，它的 浓度变成了1.68 mol/L ，则在这4 min 内它的平均反应速率为。
A 、0.2 mol ·L -1·min -1B 、0.1 mol ·L -1·min -1C 、0.04 mol ·L -1·min -1D 、0.08 mol ·L -1·min -123.下列说法中，错误的是A ．化学反应必然伴随发生能量变化B ．化学变化中的能量的变化主要是由化学键变化引起的C ．化学变化中的能量变化的大小与反应物的质量多少无关D ．能量变化是化学反应的基本特征之一。
24.下列关于乙烯的说法中，不正确的是A ．是无色气体，比空气略轻，难溶于水B ．与溴水发生取代反应而使溴水褪色C ．乙烯的产量标志这一个国家石油化工水平D ．可用点燃法鉴别乙烯和甲烷—CH = CH —CH 325.在室温下，同规格的铝片分别与下列物质混合，化学反应速率最大的是A．0.1mol/L的盐酸15mlB．0.2mol/L的盐酸12mlC．0.15mol/L的硫酸8mlD．18mol/L的浓硫酸15ml第Ⅱ卷(共48分)26、（1）相对分子质量为72的烷烃的分子式是_______________，（2）该烷烃在空气中燃烧的化学反应方程式是（3）它可能的结构简式是、、；（4）同学们已经学习了几种典型的有机化学反应类型，写出下列反应的化学反应方程式，并判断其反应类型。
①由乙烯制氯乙烷：，属于反应；②由苯制取硝基苯：，属于反应；③由苯制取环己烷：，属于反应；(5)下列物质中互为同位素的是______，互为同素异形体的是___________，互为同分异构体的是___________，互为同系物的是___________，①CH3CH2CH3和CH3CH2CH2CH3②CH3CH2CH2CH3和CH3CH(CH3)2③CH2=CH2和CH2=CHCH3④11H和21H ⑤O2和O327．某温度时，在2 L的密闭容器中，X、Y、Z三种物质的量随时间的变化曲线如图所示。
（1）反应物为生成物为（2）由图中所给数据进行分析，该反应的化学方程式为；（3）反应从开始至2分钟末，用Z的浓度变化表示的平均反应速率为v(Z)= ，（4）当反应进行了3 min，该反应是否达到平衡（填是或否）28. 有A、B、C、D四种短周期元素, 它们的原子序数依次增大，已知A和B原子有相同的电子层数, 且A 的L层电子数是K层电子数的两倍, C在空气中燃烧时呈现黄色火焰, C的单质在高温下与B的单质充分反应, 可以得到与D单质颜色相同的淡黄色固态化合物, 试根据以上叙述回答：（1）元素名称: A ______ B _____ C _____ D ______。
（2）D元素位于周期表中周期族。
（3）写出AB2与C2B2反应的化学方程式。
（4）画出B的原子结构简图___________________。
（5）电子式表示化合物C2D 的形成过程：。
29.在铜锌原电池中，以硫酸铜为电解质溶液，锌为极，电极上发生的是________反应(“氧化”或“还原”)，电极反应式为____ ______，锌片表面可观察到____ ______的现象；铜为__ ___极，电极上发生的是__ ______反应(“氧化”或“还原”)，电极反应式是___ _ ______，反应后铜片的质量 _ ___(填“增大”或“减少”)；原电池反应的离子方程式为______________________ ________。
30.（1）标准状况下，将11.2L乙烯和乙烷的混合气体，通入足量溴的四氯化碳溶液中，充分反应后，溴的四氯化碳溶液质量增加了2.8g。
则原混合气体中乙烯和乙烷的物质的量之比为____________________，质量之比为_____________。
（2）某烷烃A的密度是同温同压下氢气密度的29倍，该烃的分子式是_______________，写出其同分异构体的结构简式并命名_____________________________，______________________________，(3)将56g 乙烯在标况下充分燃烧，生成水的物质的量是多少？得到的二氧化碳的体积在标况下是多少？（写出计算过程）顺义九中2009--2010学年度第二学期高一年级期中考试 化学试题答题纸 2009.426、(15分)（1）_______________，（2） _______ （3）它可能的结构简式是 、 、 ； （4） ①______ ___ ，属于 反应； ② ________ ，属于 反应； ③ ________ ，属于 反应； (5)下列物质中互为同位素的是__________，互为同素异形体的是___________， 互为同分异构体的是________________，互为同系物的是________________， 27． （7分） （1）反应物为 生成物为 （2） ； （3）v (Z)= ， （4） （填是或否） 28. （9分） （1）元素名称: A ______ B _____ C _____ D ______。