1专业英语9.2
人教版高中历史选修1 9.2课文注释：严复
课文注释：严复1854—1921，中国近代启蒙思想家、西学翻译家。
原名传初，后改名宗光，字又陵，后改为几道，福建侯官（今闽侯）人。
少年时代在私塾受教。
1866年考入福州船政学堂学习英语和轮船驾驶技术，初步接触到西方一些自然科学。
1877年他被保送到英国朴次茅斯大学和格林威治海军大学学习，亲身观察英国的社会制度，研究西方社会政治学说，并开始深入思考中国为什么会落后的问题。
1879年5月，他从英国学成回国后，先后在福州船政学堂和天津北洋水师学堂担任教习、总教习、总办，达20年，他在中法战争至甲午战争前十年间，曾捐监生，四次参加乡试，但都未考中。
1894年中日甲午战争爆发后，严复在天津《直报》先后发表了《论世变之亟》《原强》《辟韩》《救亡决论》等一系列论文，评论历史，针砭时事，主张学习西方，实行维新变法。
1897年11月，严复和夏曾佑等人在天津创办《国闻报》和《国闻汇编》，鼓吹学习西方国家的“民主”和“西学”，以解救民族危机。
翻译《天演论》，介绍西方近代进化论思想。
在所发表的政论中，严复利用近代西方资产阶级学术文化思想和社会政治学说，尖锐批判中国两千年来的封建君主专制制度，提倡民主、新学，主张变法图强。
他主张“以自由为体，以民主为用”的君主立宪制度。
他还积极宣传和介绍西方自然科学和社会科学，在当时和后来都产生了震撼人心的影响。
维新运动失败后，他的兴趣逐渐移到学术研究上来，继续翻译了西方近代一些逻辑学、社会学、政治学著作。
辛亥革命后，他于1912年2月被任命为京师大学堂总监督。
5月改任校长。
但他的思想渐趋保守。
1915年袁世凯复辟帝制成立“筹安会”，他名列其中。
第一次世界大战后，他对西学深感失望，将希望寄托在中国传统文化，1921年病逝于乡里。
严复致力于翻译著述，通过介绍西方学术文化思想和政治学说以“警世”。
严复的著作除一些政治和学术文章之外，基本上是翻译著作，其中最有代表性的有：《天演论》（赫胥黎的《进化论与伦理学》）《原富》（亚当·斯密的《国富论》）《群己权界论》（约翰·穆勒的《自由论》）《群学肄言》（斯宾塞的《社会学研究》）《社会通诠》（甄克思的《社会进化简史》）《法意》（孟德斯鸠的《论法的精神》）《穆勒名学》（穆勒的《逻辑学原理》上半部）《名学浅说》（耶芳斯的《逻辑学初步》），通常被称为“严译八种”。
912基础英语参考书
912基础英语参考书
912基础英语是许多高校英语专业的基础课程，其参考
书的选择对于学习效果至关重要。
以下是一些常见的912基础英语参考书，供您参考：
1.《新编英语语法教程》
这本书是912基础英语语法方面的经典教材，内容全面、系统，涵盖了英语语法的各个方面。
通过学习这本书，您可以更好地掌握英语语法的基本知识和技能。
2.《高级英语精读》
这本书是912基础英语阅读方面的经典教材，选取了多篇经典英文文章，内容涵盖了文学、历史、文化等多个领域。
通过学习这本书，您可以提高阅读理解能力和语言表达能力。
3.《英语听力教程》
这本书是912基础英语听力方面的经典教材，包含多篇听力材料，内容涵盖了日常生活、新闻报道、学术讲座等多个方面。
通过学习这本书，您可以提高听力理解和语言感知能力。
4.《英语写作教程》
这本书是912基础英语写作方面的经典教材，提供了多种写作技巧和范文，内容涵盖了记叙文、议论文、说明文等多个文体。
通过学习这本书，您可以提高写作能力和语言表达能力。
5.《英美文学选读》
这本书是912基础英美文学方面的经典教材，选取了多篇经典文学作品，内容涵盖了小说、诗歌、戏剧等多个文学形式。
通过学习这本书，您可以了解英美文学的发展历程和特点，提高文化素养和语言感知能力。
以上是一些常见的912基础英语参考书，供您参考。
当然，不同的学校和教师可能会有不同的教材和参考书要求，建议您根据实际情况选择适合自己的参考书。
9.2中国与新兴国际组织教学设计高二政治(统编版选择性必修1)
8.课后作业：布置有关新兴国际组织的阅读材料和思考题，引导学生深入思考。
9.教学评价：通过课堂表现、作业完成情况、小组讨论成果等方面，全面评价学生的学习效果。
二、学情分析
针对高二年级的学生，他们在政治学科的学习中已经具备了一定的理论基础，对我国外交政策和国际组织有一定的了解。但在新兴国际组织方面，学生的知识体系尚不完整，对一些新兴国际组织的认识较为模糊。因此，在本章节的教学中，需要关注以下几点：
9.2中国与新兴国际组织教学设计高二政治（统编版选择性必修1）
一、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
1.理解新兴国际组织的概念、特点以及作用，掌握中国参与新兴国际组织的基本情况。
2.掌握我国在新兴国际组织中的地位和作用，了解我国在新兴国际组织中的外交策略和主张。
3.学会分析新兴国际组织对我国政治、经济、文化等方面的影响，提高运用所学知识分析现实问题的能力。
三、教学重难点和教学设想
（一）教学重难点
1.重点：理解新兴国际组织的概念、特点、作用；掌握我国在新兴国际组织中的地位、作用、外交策略和主张。
2.难点：分析新兴国际组织对我国政治、经济、文化等方面的影响；培养学生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
（二）教学设想
1.教学方法：
-采用案例教学法，通过具体的新兴国际组织案例，帮助学生形象地理解相关概念和特点。
2.新兴国际组织的作用：分析新兴国际组织在维护国际和平与安全、促进国际合作与交流、推动全球治理等方面的重要作用。
3.我国在新兴国际组织中的地位与作用：介绍我国在金砖国家、上海合作组织等新兴国际组织中的地位，以及我国在这些组织中发挥的作用，如推动全球经济发展、维护地区安全等。
课件1：9.2 第2课时 总体百分位数的估计
【规律方法】 根据频率分布直方图计算样本数据的百分位数，首先要理解频 率分布直方图中各组数据频率的计算，其次估计百分位数在哪 一组，再应用方程的思想方法，掌握其步骤：①按照从小到大排列原 始数据；②计算 i＝n×p%；③若 i 不是整数，大于 i 的最小整数 为 j，则第 p 百分位数为第 j 项数据；若 i 是整数，则第 p 百分 位数为 i 项与第(i＋1)项数据的平均数．
[母题探究] 根据例 2 的(2)题中求得的数据计算用电量的 15%分位数． [解] 设 15%分位数为 x， 因为用电量低于 100 千瓦时的所占比例为 0.001×100＝10%， 用电量不超过 200 千瓦时的占 30%， 所以 15%分位数为 x 在[100,200)内， 所以 0.1＋(x－100)×0.002＝0.15，解得 x＝125 千瓦时， 即用电量的 15%分位数为 125 千瓦时．
【跟踪训练】
以下数据为参加数学竞赛决赛的 15 人的成绩：
78,70,72,86,88,79,80,81,94,84,56,98,83,90,91，
则这 15 人成绩的第 80 百分位是( )
A．90
B．90.5
C．91
D．91.5
B [把成绩按从小到大的顺序排列为： 56,70,72,78,79,80,81,83,84,86,88,90,91,94,98， 因为 15×80%＝12，所以这 15 人成绩的第 80 百分位是90＋2 91＝90.5.]
【基础自测】
1．下列关于一组数据的第 50 分位数的说法正确的是( ) A．第 50 分位数就是中位数 B．总体数据中的任意一个数小于它的可能性一定是 50% C．它一定是这组数据中的一个数据 D．它适用于总体是离散型的数据 A [由百分位数的意义可知选项 B，C，D 错误．]
2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is__8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__when homeless individuals manage to find a__12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesthat the situation will improve only when there are _17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19__it, “There has to be _20 _of programs. What we need is a pa ckage deal.”1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope[C]approve [D]retain 3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward 4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range[D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that 8.[A]inflating[B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers 10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence[B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 14.[A]when [B]once[C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 16.[A]around [B]over[C]on [D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating 18.[A]So[B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the dem ocratizing uniformity ofdress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered‘vast arrays of go ods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sp orts are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigra tion isneither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to bebilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence thedescription of America as a grave yard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarria gethan do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americansfear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune tothe nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest adark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Pa ragraph 1) most probablymeans_____. A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19thcentury_____. A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. B. became intimate shops for common consumers. C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.A. are resistant to homogenization.B. exert a great influence on American culture.C. are hardly a threatto the common culture. D. constitute the majority of the population.24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To prove their populari ty around the world.B. To reveal the public’sfear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____. A. rewarding B. successful C. fruitless D. harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry---William Shakespeare---but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to seethe plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage,Shakespeare’s birthplaceand the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their longhair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deli ciously ironic whenyou consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come bybus---and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side---don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bringin much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them fouror five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseerscan take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wingor cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may besure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside thetheatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.C. the town is not really short of money.D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.B. the company is financially ill-managed.C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.30. From the text we can conclude that the author_____. A. is supportive of both sides. B. favors the townsfolk’s view. C. takes a detached attitude. D. is sympathetic to the RSC.Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular partsof the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, ithas halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason forthis is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, whichwere not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocksin the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fishwere lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the datasupport an idea current among marine biologists, that of the \massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes whenthe biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggestthat_____. A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment. B. small species survived as large animals disappeared. C. large sea animalsmay face the same threat today. D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.33.By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that_____.A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.D. the data collected so far are out of date.34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the oceanbiomass should restored its original level.D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _____.A. management efficiencyB. biomass levelC. catch-size limitsD. technological application.Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
2006年考研英语一真题【高清版】
高 most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of
residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 . One of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
9A Unit1 Reading2(9.2)课件
Aries
energetic active impatient selfish
21st Mar-20th Apr
Taurus
stubborn hard-working
patient
21st Apr-21st May
Gemini
Curious Clever Outgoing
Unit 1 Star signs
Reading (II)
Capricorn
businesslike successful patient
21st Dec-20th Jan
Aquarius
kind
wise strange
21st Jan-19th Feb
Pisces
generous kind easy-going gentle creative imaginative
a. feels sure about his / her own ability b. want to know about everything c. have lots of energy d. do not easily get angry e. care only about himself / herself f. can wait without getting angry g. treat everyone equally h. is friendly and loves to meet people
the blackboard?” said the teacher.
argue with 2. It’s impolite to_________________ with others.
1989考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1989 Text 1Paragraph 11、A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicle s from outer space.”一位科学家曾说过“我断定来自外太空的智能飞船正在造访地球。
”1.1 intelligently英/in`telidʒəntli/ 美/in`telidʒəntli/adv. 聪明地，明智地1.2 vehicle英/ˈvɪəkl/ 美/ˈviəkəl/n. [车辆] 车辆；工具；交通工具；运载工具；传播媒介；媒介物Paragraph 22、If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.如果我们将其作为对不明飞行物的合理解释，那么问题马上就来了。
Paragraph 33、“Why don`t they get in touch with us, then? Why don`t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.人们会问：“那么他们为什么不和我们联系呢？为什么他们不正好降落到白宫的草坪上然后自我介绍一下呢？”3.1 lawn英/lɔːn/ 美/lɔn/n. 草地；草坪3.2 declare英/dɪ'kleə/ 美/dɪ'klɛr/vt. 宣布，声明；断言，宣称vi. 声明，宣布Paragraph 44、In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want. 对于这些问题，科学家们的回答是：虽然这也许是我们想要的，但这也许并不是他们想要的啊。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• • • • • • • •
Morose郁闷 Ponderous笨重 scowl皱着眉头 sting叮蛰 morbid病态的 lynch私刑处死 shun闪避 Colony殖民地
• • • • • • • • •
Dart飞镖 Exhaust筋疲力尽的 Boff 狂笑 coffin棺材 curse 诅咒 Flee逃走 jabber 口吃 limbo 模糊 Frugal节俭
1、萨达姆的故事 萨达姆被捕后，被关在一个地牢里，不能洗 澡，也不能换衣服，有一家网站就爆料，萨 达姆曾经在自己的衬衫上抓出了 9 只虱子， 长时间不洗澡，很脏就会生虱子。 louse 虱子 ，复数是 lice 如：有一年春节晚会高秋明给范 伟出了一个脑筋急转弯，我们家的狗为什么 总生跳蚤？ flea 跳蚤（动物身上的） lousy 糟糕的 有了虱子（louse）在身上跑步， 的确很糟糕（lousy）。 This movie is very lousy. 这部电影太糟糕。
3、law raw（生的） paw jaw（下巴，颌部） saw 相同的地方：aw串烧助记：（按）法律（law）生 （raw）爪子（paw），应该在颌部（jaw）锯开 （saw） 4、lame（瘸子） blame（责怪） flame 相同的地方： lame 串烧助记：跛子（lame）怪（blame）火 （flame）
3、ill-不（否定前缀） 如果是以 l 开头的单词只要在单词前加 il。 legal 合法的 illegal 违法的 illegal 谐音助记： 衣里狗，坐车的时候衣服里面藏狗是不合法的 logical 合逻辑的 illogical 不合乎逻辑的
4、im- 不（否定前缀）
material 物质的 的，不重要的 mature 成熟 mobile 移动的 moral 道德的 patient 有耐心的 perfect 完美的 polite 有礼貌的 possible 可能的 proper 适合的 immaterial 非物质 immature 未成熟的 immobile 不能移动 immoral 不道德的 impatient 不耐烦的 imperfect 不完美的 impolite 无礼的 impossible 不可能 improper 不合适的
• 布莱迷失（blemish）是污点， 虽然不多但也挺脏（blot）， 见不到光就枯萎，（blight） 不持续就爆炸，（blast） 炸瘸了腿别怪我。 （blame） [解释] ‚布莱‛想成英国首相‚布莱尔‛ [扩展]见到b想成‚不‛
故事法 应用故事法的好处，把单词展开来讲，从知识 性、趣味性及文化性三个方面讲，对大脑 皮层 的刺激更深，使大脑皮层兴奋，在满足信息的 同时增加你的词汇量，知道词汇背后的文 化知 识，能够更地道，不容易在记忆词上用错。
第一组 • race——grace • litter——glitter • rain——grain • rope——grope
• • • •
比赛race前的哥哥（g）真优雅 垃圾litter前的哥哥（g）放光辉 雨前rain前的哥哥（g）拣谷粒 绳子rope前的哥哥（g）在摸索
第二组
• light 光 delight 高兴 slight 轻微的，苗条的 alight 点亮的 blight 枯萎 flight 飞行 plight 困境
ENGLISH FOR SAFETY ENGINEERING 安全工程专业英语
黄 萍
2015/11/26
课时安排
• 1-8周, 32课时 • 第8周（1）英文演讲 • 第8周（2）复习
教学目的
培养快速阅读本专业英语文献， 并准确翻译英文文献的能力
用英文书写专业论文、学术会议 通知、学术交流信件等的能力
2015/11/26
环境与资源学院
黄萍
象形词串烧法
象形词串烧法：在学英语记单词时会看到很多单词 长的非常像，把几个长相相同的单词 提取出来，当 做糖葫芦的棍一样的再把不同的地方串起来的方法 。 1、butter bitter better 共同的地方：b, tter 串烧助 记：黄油（butter）苦（bitter）一点更好（better） 2、mat pat hat cat eat fat rat bat 相同 的地方：at 串烧助记：席子（mat）拍子（pat）帽 子（hat）堵，猫（cat）吃（eat）肥（fat）鼠 （rat）变蝙蝠（bat）
2015/11/26
环境与资源学院
黄萍
lift举高，举起——loft阁楼，顶楼（最高层的楼阁） line线——lane小巷（相比于大街，又细又长，像 线一样） veto投票反对——vote投票 snake蛇——sneak偷偷摸摸地（像蛇一样）
2015/11/26
环境与资源学院
黄萍
字母象形：字母依据形状，象征一定意义，并且借 此构造单词。 例证： dome圆屋顶；穹顶——D+home（家中大写字母D 字型的东西）
2015/11/26
环境与资源学院 黄萍
背单词
复习点的确定（根据艾宾浩斯记忆曲线制定）： 1． 第一个记忆周期：5分钟 2． 第二个记忆周期：30分钟 3． 第三个记忆周期：12小时 4． 第四个记忆周期：1天 5． 第五个记忆周期：2天 6． 第六个记忆周期：4天 7． 第七个记忆周期：7天 8． 第八个记忆周期：15天
bow弓——B+tow拖（大写字母B字型，能拉拽的 那个东西）
2015/11/26
环境与资源学院
黄萍
climb爬行——C+limb四肢（四肢成C字型，爬行 的特点） orange橙子——O+range排列（O字型排列的东西） 还有诸如： barn谷仓——n+bar木棒 curve曲线——V+词根cur snake蛇——S+naked裸露的
• 飞在边缘是小鸟，飞入湖中是雪花， 飞在空中是本能，飞来的姑姑在炫耀， 锁到一起是一群，飞出去却遭到蔑视， 后飞来的却在那溜须拍马， 只是听起来真是很flurry， 缺乏的却是严厉批评。
[扩展]见到fl想成‚飞‛
第四组
• blemish:污点 blot:肮脏，污点 blight:枯萎 blast:爆炸 blame:责备
5、wedge（楔子） hedge pledge edge（边缘） 相同的地方： edge 串烧助记：楔形（wedge）篱 笆（hedge）保证（pledge）都有边 （edge） 6、dove dose doze 相同的地方： do, e 串烧助记：鸽子（dove）服药 （dose）后打瞌睡（doze）
2015/11/26
totem [谐音]"图腾"[词义]图腾 （其实本词为音译词）
caulk [谐音]"卡壳"[词义]填塞，堵住 hood [谐音]"护的"[词义]头巾（保护头的） tan [谐音]"碳"[词义]皮肤晒黑
2015/11/26
fen [谐音]"粪"[词义]泥沼，湿地 appall [谐音]"我怕"[词义]使惊骇，使充满恐惧 shun[谐音]"闪"[词义]闪避；避开 bale [谐音]"背"（东北话：点背）[词义]灾祸，不幸 dolt [谐音]"逗他"[词义]蠢人
• • • • • •
只有light是火光， 飞（f）在光前是飞翔 弟弟（de）见光真快乐 蛇（s）在光前真苗条 光前加 a是点燃，光前加b是枯萎 光前加s是轻微，光前加p是困境
第三组
• fledging：小鸟 flake：雪花，薄片 flair：本能 flaunt：炫耀 flock：（禽、畜等的）一群 flout：蔑视 flatter：溜须拍马，奉承 flurry：困惑的，惶惶不安的 flack：严厉批评
词根词缀记忆法
• • • • • Im 往里 Ex 往外 Com放在一起 De 往下 Pro 往前
Pose姿势，摆放
• Impose 强加于，征收（税） • Compose作（曲），作（诗） • Depose 降职 Decompose？ • 分解
Aunt
• • • • • Haunt Gaunt Flaunt jaunt daunt
Aunt小龙女
• • • • • • Haunt——house——闹鬼 Gaunt——GRE——憔悴 Flaunt——fly——炫耀 Jaunt——接姑姑——短途旅行 Daunt——打姑姑——恐吓 Saunter——S路线——闲逛，漫步
相关相仿：即模仿旧词造新词 （旧词与新词之间意义相关，拼写相仿） 比如： back后背——pack背包（背在后背上的包） sting刺——stink刺鼻（像刺扎在鼻子上一样） break中断——brake车闸（中断汽车行驶的东西）
词根词缀法 1、anti-反对，抵抗，相对（否定前缀）
在单词上加上 anti 这个前缀表示相反， 加在词汇前面就表示想法的意思。
war 战争 social 社交 antiwar 反战 antisocial 不爱交际的
2、dis-否定，离开（否定前缀）
like 喜欢 agree 同意 appoint appear 出现 comfort 舒服 content 满意 grace 优雅 honest 诚实 loyal 忠诚的 dislike 不喜爱 disagree 不同意 disappoint 使失望 disappear 消失 discomfort 不舒服 discontent 不满意 disgrace 不光彩 dishonest 不诚实 disloyal 不忠诚
谐音记忆法
pest [谐音] “拍死他”[词义]害虫 cargo [联想] “car+go（汽车拉走”[词义]货物 caste [联想] “很像castle城堡，城堡中的 人充满了等级的区” [词义]（印度社会中的）种姓； 印度的世袭阶级； 等级（制度）