Chicago Citation Style
citation的格式
citation的格式对于“citation”的格式，不同领域和学术规范有不同的要求。
以下是一些常见的引用格式：1.APA (American Psychological Association):o书籍：作者，年份. 页码.o期刊文章：作者，年份. “文章标题”，期刊名，卷号，页码。
o网站：作者，年份. “文章标题”，网站名，日期。
2.MLA (Modern Language Association):o书籍：作者，年份，页码。
o期刊文章：作者，年份. “文章标题”，期刊名，卷号，页码。
o网站：作者，年份. “文章标题”，网站名，日期。
3.Chicago (Turabian):o书籍：作者，年份，页码。
o期刊文章：作者，年份. “文章标题”，期刊名，卷号，页码。
o网站：作者，年份，“文章标题”，网址，日期。
4.IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers):o书籍：作者，年份. 页码。
o期刊文章：作者，年份. “文章标题”，期刊名，卷号，起始页码-结束页码。
5.芝加哥格式（Chicago Manual of Style）:o书籍：作者，年份，页码。
o期刊文章：作者，年份，“文章标题”，期刊名，卷号，起始页码-结束页码。
6.Harvard Style:o书籍：作者, 年份, 页码。
o期刊文章：作者, 年份, “文章标题”, 期刊名, 卷号, 起始页码-结束页码。
7.Vancouver Style:o参考格式简短, 主要信息包括作者、文章标题、期刊名、卷号、年和页码。
不使用破折号或缩写。
8.OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities):o与APA类似, 但特别适用于法律文献的引用。
9.温哥华风格（Vancouver Style）:这是医学文献中最常用的引用格式之一。
英语论文格式 Chicago_Referencing
CHICAGO STYLE GUIDE (15th edition)Explanation of the Chicago reference system:1.The easiest way to create notes: Use Microsoft Word’s “Insert Reference” function to add asuperscripted number in the text where you need to acknowledge the work of another author. Word automatically numbers your notes sequentially (re-numbering them if you add or delete any).Do not manually type or change numbers.These are the basic models for placement of note numbers in the text:The reference usually appears at the end of your sentence.1You can put it in mid-sentence,2 but only if it would be misleading at the end.The reference follows punctuation. Examples are “words in quotations,”3 (words inparentheses),4 commas,5 semi-colons;6 and periods.7 However, put the note number before adash8—not after it.2. Word automatically places a corresponding footnote at the bottom of the page or endnote followingthe text and any appendixes. The first time you cite a source you must give a complete citation.Subsequent notes for the same source are shorter, as shown in the tables below.Use this basic order for notes: author, title, publication details, date, page number(s).3.The bibliography appears at the end of your paper and includes all the works cited in the notes (withexceptions noted in the tables below).Use this basic order for a bibliographic entry:author, title, publication details, date.Use hanging indentation (as shown in the tables below), using Word’s “Format Paragraph.”Alphabetize the bibliography by author’s family name. Family name always comes first,regardless of the custom in the author’s country.Do not number the bibliography or divide it into sections (books, articles, websites, etc.). How to use this guide:1.The tables below (Print References and Electronic References) show how to cite different works.2.Find the type of work you want to cite in the left-hand column.3.The right-hand column shows a full citation for the first note(N), the short form (S) for subsequentcitations of the same work, and the bibliographic form (B).Note on ibid. When you cite the same work in direct sequence, you may use “ibid.” (although the short form is also fine). “Ibid.” is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem, meaning “in the same place.”If all of the reference information is identical, just the word “ibid.” is used. If the page number is different, “ibid.” and the page number are needed. “Ibid.” is not italicized.In the following example, note 8 cites the same source as note 7, but a different page; note 9 cites the same source and page as note 8:7. Oxford Essential World Atlas (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996), 23.8. Ibid., 89.9. Ibid.4.Create an entry in the bibliography for each work you cite using the bibliographic form (B). Someelectronic references do not require a bibliographic entry; these are noted in the table below.Print ReferencesType of Entry (N) Note Form (first citation)(S) Short Form (subsequent citations)(B) Bibliographic FormBook with1 author(N)(S)(B) 1. Elizabeth J. Remick, Building Local States: China during the Republican and Post-Mao Periods (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 85.2. Remick, Building Local States, 31.Remick, Elizabeth J. Building Local States: China during the Republican and Post-Mao Periods. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.Book with2 or3 authors(N)(S)(B) 3. Peter J. Katzenstein and Yutaka Tsujinaka, Defending the Japanese State (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 1991), 129.4. Katzenstein and Tsujinaka, Defending the Japanese State, 136. Katzenstein, Peter J., and Tsujinaka, Yutaka. Defending the Japanese State.Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 1991.Book with4 or moreauthors(N)(S)(B) 5. Lynn Hunt et al., The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures (Boston: Bedford, 2001), 541.6. Hunt et al., The Making, 543.Hunt, Lynn, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia, and Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford, 2001.Book withno author(N)(S)(B) 7. Oxford Essential World Atlas (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996), 23.8. World Atlas, 27.Oxford Essential World Atlas. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996.Translatedbook(N)(S)(B) 9. Boris Rumer, ed. Central Asia in Transition: Dilemmas of Political and Economic Development, trans. Gregory Freeze (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996).10. Rumer, Central Asia in Transition.Rumer, Boris. Central Asia in Transition. Translated by Gregory Freeze. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.Non-Englishbook with translatedtitle(N)(S)(B) 11. N. M. Pirumova, Zemskoye liberal’noe dvizenie: Sotsial’nye korni i evoliutsia do nachala XX veka [The Zemstvo Liberal Movement: Its Social Roots and Evolution to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century] (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka,” 1977), 23.12. Pirumova, Zemskoye liberal’noe dvizenie, 45.Pirumova, N. M. Zemskoye liberal’noe dvizenie: Sotsial’nye korni i evoliutsia do nachala XX veka [The Zemstvo Liberal Movement: Its Social Roots andEvolution to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka,” 1977.Edited book(i.e., chaptersby different authors)(N)(S)(B) 13. Kartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, eds., Economic Development and Women in the World Community (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999), 55.14. Roy and Tisdell, Economic Development and Women, 80.Roy, Kartik C., Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, eds. Economic Development and Women in the World Community. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999.Chapter inan editedbook(N)(S)(B) 15. Jane Richardson and Paul Riethmuller, “Women in the Japanese Workplace,” in Economic Development and Women in the World Community, ed. Kartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999), 85.16. Richardson and Riethmuller, “Women,” 93.Richardson, Jane, and Paul Riethmuller. “Women in the Japanese Workplace.” In Economic Development and Women in the World Community, edited byKartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, 79-96. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999.Journalarticle(N)(S)(B) 17. Lisa Claypool, “Zhang Jian and China’s First Museum,” The Journal of Asian Studies 64, no. 3 (2005): 575.18. Claypool, “Zhang Jian,” The Journal of Asian Studies, 580. Claypool, Lisa. “Zhang Jian and China’s First Museum.” The Journal of Asian Studies 64, no. 3 (2005): 567-604.Journal article (volume only) (N)(S)(B)19. Janet R. Jenkins, “Learning Vocabulary through Reading,” AmericanEducational Research Journal 21 (1984): 772.20. Jenkins, “Learning Vocabulary,” American Educational Research Journal,775.Jenkins, Janet R. “Learning Vocabulary through Reading.” American Educational Research Journal 21 (1984): 767-787.Journalarticle with 2or 3 authors(N)(S)(B) 21. Roger C. Kneip and Anthony Lee, “Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease,” Health Psychology 12 (1993), 303.22. Kneip and Lee, “Self-ratings,” Health Psychology, 304.Kneip, Roger C., and Anthony Lee. “Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease.” Health Psychology 12 (1993): 301-307.Journal article with 4 or more authors (N)(S)(B)23. Roger C. Kneip et al., “Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of HeartDisease,” Health Psychology 12 (1993), 303.24. Kneip et al., “Self-ratings,” Health Psychology, 304.Kneip, Roger C., Anthony Lee, Timothy Ismond, Clay Milford, Lucia Salvia, and David Schwartz. “Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease.”Health Psychology 12 (1993): 301-307.Book review (N)(S)(B) 25. Frank Vibert, review of After ENRON: Lessons for Public Policy, by William A. Niskanen (ed.), Journal of Public Policy 25, no. 3 (2005): 396.26. Vibert, After ENRON, 395.Vibert, Frank. Review of After ENRON: Lessons for Public Policy, by William A.Niskanen (ed.), Journal of Public Policy 25, no. 3 (2005): 395–396.Newspaperarticle(N)(S)(B) 27. Ian Stewart, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy,” South China Morning Post, December 18, 2000, p. A12.28. Stewart, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.”Stewart, Ian. “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.” South China Morning Post, December 18, 2000, p. A12.Newspaperarticle withno author(N)(S)(B) 29. South China Morning Post, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy,” December 18, 2000, p. A12.30. South China Morning Post, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.” South China Morning Post. “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.” December 18, 2000, p. A12.Non-English article with translated title (N)(S)(B)31. Hadi Utomo, “Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin” [Primary Educationfor Poor People] Kompas, August 1, 2005, p. 34.32. Utomo, “Pendidikan Asar.”Utomo, Hadi. “Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin” [Primary Education for Poor People]. Kompas, August 1, 2005, p. 34.Document or report:Private organization(N)(S)(B) 33. Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability, Report of the Geneva Call Mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Central Mindanao, Philippines, April 3-8 (Geneva: Geneva Call, 2002), 112.34. Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability, 120.Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability. Report of the Geneva Call Mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Central Mindanao, Philippines, April 3-8. Geneva: Geneva Call, 2002.Government (N)(S)(B) 35. Department of Revenue and Customs, Royal Government of Bhutan, Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998,Thimphu: Royal Government of Bhutan, 1998, 118. 36. Department of Revenue and Customs, Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998, 145–150. Department of Revenue and Customs. Royal Government of Bhutan. Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998. Thimphu: Royal Government of Bhutan. 1998.Internationalbody(N)(S)(B) 37. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Tradeable Permit System (Geneva: UNCTAD, 1995), 24.38. UNCTAD, Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 26.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Tradeable Permit System. Geneva: UNCTAD, 1995.Electronic ReferencesType of Entry (N) Note Form (first citation)(S) Short Form (subsequent citations)(B) Bibliographic FormBook withoriginal date of publication(N)(S)(B)39. Alfred Russell Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, vol. 1 (1902; Project Gutenberg, 2001), par. 23, /etext/2530.40. Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, vol. 1, par. 32.Wallace, Alfred Russell. The Malay Archipelago. Vol. 1. 1902; Project Gutenberg, 2001. /etext/2530.Journal article based on aprint source(N)(S)(B) 41. Eugene F. Provenzo, “Time Exposure,” Educational Studies 34, no. 2 (2003): 266, .42. Provenzo, “Time Exposure,” 268.Provenzo, Eugene F. “Time Exposure.” Educational Studies 34, no. 2 (2003): 250-75. .Journal articlein an electronic journal(N)(S)(B) 43. Linda Belau, “Trauma and the Material Signifier,” Postmodern Culture 11, no. 2 (2001): par. 6, / text-only/11.2belau.txt.44. Linda Belau, “Trauma,” par. 9.Belau, Linda. “Trauma and the Material Signifier.” Postmodern Culture 11, no. 2 (2001). /text-only/11.2belau.txt.Workingpaper(N)(S)(B) 45. Benoit Mercereau, “FDI Flows to Asia,” Working Paper 07/199 (International Monetary Fund, 2005), /external/pubind.htm (accessed October 30, 2005).46. Mercereau, “FDI Flows.”Mercereau, Benoit. “FDI Flows to Asia.” Working Paper 07/199, International Monetary Fund, 2005. /external/pubind.htm (accessed October 30, 2005).Encyclopediaentry(N)(S)(B) 47. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., s.v. “Ethnology,”/65/et/ethnolog.html (accessed November 21, 2005).48. Columbia Encyclopedia, s.v. “Ethnology.”[No entry]Newspaperarticle(N)(S)(B) 49. Ian Stewart, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy,” South China Morning Post, December 18, 2004, /sw00/001218sc.htm (accessed January 3, 2005).50. Stewart, “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.”Stewart, Ian. “Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy.” South China Morning Post, December 18, 2004. /sw00/001218sc.htm (accessed January 3, 2005).Non-Englisharticle with translated title(N)(S)(B) 51. Hadi Utomo, “Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin” [Primary Education for Poor People], Kompas, August 1, 2005, /kompas-cetak/0508/01.htm (accessed August 1, 2005).52. Utomo, “Pendidikan Asar.”Utomo, Hadi. “Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin” [Primary Education for Poor People]. Kompas, August 1, 2005, /kompas-cetak/0508/01.htm.News release (N)(S)(B) 53. World Health Organization, “Shelter and Water Remain a Top Priority in Pakistan,” October 21, 2005, http://www.who.int/en/ (accessed November 4, 2005).54. World Health Organization, “Shelter and Water.”World Health Organization, “Shelter and Water Remain a Top Priority in Pakistan,” October 21, 2005, http://www.who.int/en/ (accessed November 4, 2005).Website of a private organization (N)(S)(B)49. Council for Responsible Voting, Web site,/~chapelnet/trivia.html (accessed June 1, 2004).50. Council for Responsible Voting.[No entry]Document orreport(N)(S)(B) 51. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration, Annual Report, 2001 ed., /dataoecd/23/41/2508596.pdf (accessed October 24, 2005).52. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Trends. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration. Annual Report, 2001 edition. /dataoecd/23/41/2508596.pdf(accessed October 24, 2005).Document orreportwith author(N)(S)(B)53. Anoop Singh, “Global Context and Regional Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean,” Regional Economic Outlook Report, International Monetary Fund, /external/np/speeches/2005/101305.htm (accessed November 21, 2005).54. Singh, “Global Context.”Singh, Anoop. “Global Context and Regional Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean.” Regional Economic Outlook Report, International Monetary Fund. /external/np/speeches/2005/101305.htm (accessed November 21, 2005).Document or report with no author (N)(S)(B)55. World Bank, “Governance Indicators: 1996-2002,”/wbi/governance/govdata2002 (accessed July 21, 2004).56. World Bank, “Governance Indicators.”World Bank. “Governance Indicators: 1996-2002.”/wbi/governance/govdata2002 (accessed July 21,2004).Government document withno date(N)(S)(B) 57. Ministry of Coal, Government of India, Pricing of Coal,.in/pol_show_doc.asp?pid=delh242&dno=1 (accessed September 23, 2005).58. Ministry of Coal, Pricing of Coal.Ministry of Coal, Government of India. Pricing of Coal..in/pol_show_doc.asp?pid=delh242&dno=1 (accessed September 23, 2005).Stand-alone document with no author,no date (N)(S)(B)59. Consumer Survey Report, n.d., er_survey (accessedAugust 8, 2006).60. Consumer Survey Report.Consumer Survey Report. N.d. er_survey (accessed August 8, 2006).。
Chicago style referencing 芝加哥参考文献格式
Chicago Citation StyleUBC Okanagan Library The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed) provides two distinct citation styles: Humanities style (notes andbibliography) and Scientific/Social Sciences styles (parenthetical author/date references and reference list). This handout covers only the Humanities style of Chicago. The manual is available in the library at: Z 253.U69 2010.General Rules▪ When to Cite?: You need to cite all sources that you have consulted, even if you present the ideas from thesesources in your own words. “Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require authors to identify the sources of direct quotations and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked …The primary criterion of any source citation is sufficient information to lead readers directly to the sourcesconsulted…whether these are published or unpublished , in printed or electronic form.” (14.1)▪ Citation Appears in Two Places: Chicago requires that you cite sources consulted in the body of your paper (“in -text citations” or footnotes/endnotes) and in the bibliography. (14.2) If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form , even for the first citation (14.14, 14.18). Note that discipline/professor preferences may vary and you should consult your professor with questions .▪ Spacing : Double-space the body of the paper. Single space footnotes/endnotes and bibliographies, leaving a blank line between entries.▪ Page Numbers : Every page of your paper must be assigned a page number, including blank pages,appendices, and bibliography. Use Arabic numerals centered or on the far right at the top of the page.▪Page Number Ranges : For all numbers less than 100, use all digits (Ex. 3-10; 71-71; 96-117). For 100 ormultiples of 100, use all digits (Ex. 100-104; 1100-1113). For numbers 101-109/ 201-209, use the changed part of the number only (Ex. 101-8; 808-33). For numbers 110-199, 210-299, use two digits unless more are needed to include all changed parts (Ex. 321-28; 498-532; 11564-615). (9.60)▪Spelling : Chicago recommends Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (PE 1625.W36 1993) and the abridged Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (PE 1628.M36 2003). (7.1)▪ Italics: Titles of books and journals in the body of the paper should be written in italics. (14.94; 14.177) ▪ Capitalization: Capitalize all significant words of a title and subtitle regardless of how they appear in your source.▪ Publisher Location: When more than one place of publication is listed, document the first one that appears on the title page. (14.135)▪ Block Quotes : Chicago does not provide a specific word count guideline. Long quotes or entire paragraphs should be quoted in single-spaced, indented blocks of text. (13.20-13.22) ▪ Title page : include the title, author and date. Do not include page numbers or running head. Consult your professor regarding their preference for the inclusion of course number, professor name, and other details. In-text Citations: Footnotes & Endnotes (14.38-14.43 / p. 671-676) ▪ Wherever you incorporate another person’s words, facts, or ideas, insert a footnote or endnote.▪ Footnotes are numbered citations listed at the bottom of each page within your paper.▪ Endnotes are numbered citations listed on a separate page at the end of the research paper (before the bibliography and/or any appendices).▪ Single space within footnotes and endnotes, double space between entries.▪ Indent the first line of the note (tab once to indent; a tab is 1 inch).▪ In-text Example :Jones states “‘genocide’ is one of the most powerful words in the English language.”12▪If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18)▪Instructions: In MS Word 2010, u nder the “References” tab, insert a footnote or endnote. MS Word will automatically make in-text citations into superscript and properly number footnotes/endnotes to correspond. In-text Citations: Shortened Citations(14.24-14.31 / p. 667-670)A.If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the shortform, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18)B.If you do not have a bibliography or if you have only a selected bibliography, then you must provide fulldetails of the citation in the notes. (14.14)▪The first time you cite a resource, it must be cited in full with the following information: author/s, title, place of publication, name of publisher, and page number/s of the cited reference. Example:1. Adam Jones, Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner’s Guide (Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2008), 156. ▪Short form notes/ Subsequent notes may be shortened to include: author’s last name, abbreviated title, and the appropriate page number/s (14.24-14.29). Example:2. Jones, Crimes, 97.▪Ibid – If you cite the exact same resource multiple times, one immediately after the other, you can replace the normal note format with ‘Ibid’ (Ibid means: in the same place) and the page number/s. (14.29) Example:3. Ibid., 121.Bibliography (14.56-14.67 / p. 684-692) **See Sample Bibliography at end of this guide.▪The bibliography appears at the end of your paper– it is a list of all sources cited within your paper. If you have a bibliography, use the short form of the notes throughout your paper.▪List entries in alphabetical order according to the authors’ last names. If no author is provided, then use the title instead; note that the words the, a, or an are ignored.▪Single space each entry in the bibliography and double space between entries.▪Indent the second and subsequent lines of the entry (tab once to indent).▪If you have multiple entries by the same author, replace the author’s name in second and subsequent entries with a 3-em dash, followed by a period. Example:Jones, Adam. Crimes Aga inst Humanity: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2008.—. Gender Inclusive: Essays on Violence, Men, and Feminist International Relations. New York: Routledge, 2009. Common Abbreviations(14.87-14.88 / p. 699-700)When books have editors, translators, or compilers, the following abbreviations are used:▪One editor – ed.▪Two or more editors – eds. ▪Translators – trans. ▪Compilers – comp.For editions of books other than the first, the edition number (or description) and the abbreviation “ed.” are placed after the book’s title in all notes and bibliogr aphic citations. (14.118-14.120)▪Second edition – 2nd ed. ▪Revised edition – rev.ed.Days and months can be spelled out or abbreviated; they must be used consistently. (10.38-10.42, 14.235) Need Citation Help?1.Ask your question at the Library Information Desk2.Call the Library Information Desk at 250-807-91283.Ask a librarian through online chat service – AskAway – linked from the Okanagan Library website4.Additional examples of Chicago Style are available at: Book – One Author / E-Book Example (Book: 14.75 / p. 695)(E-Book: 14.167 / p. 727)Note 1. Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (London: Routledge, 2006), 112, ?id=54893.Short Note 1. Jones, Genocide, 112.Bibliography Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. London: Routledge, 2006.?id=54893.Comments ▪Notes: the author’s name is ordered normally: first name last name. Bibliography: the author’s name is inverted: last name, first name.▪For an E-book, the citation is includes a DOI or URL at the end of the citation. For a print book the citation is the same, except that the DOI or URL is omitted.▪If an e-book has section headings (ex. “Introduction”) rather than page numbers, replace the page number(s) with the section heading in quotations.Book – Two or Three Authors or Editors / E-Book Example (Book: 14.76 / p. 695-696) (E-Book: 14.167 / p. 727)Note 2. Heinz H. Bauschke and Patrick L. Combettes, Convex Analysis and Monotone Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces (New York: Springer, 2011), 42, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9467-7.Short Note 2. Bauschke and Combettes, Convex Analysis and Monotone, 42.Bibliography Bauschke, Heinz H. and Patrick L. Combettes. Convex Analysis and Monotone Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces. New York: Springer, 2011. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9467-7.Comments ▪Bibliography: if two or three authors/editors are listed, only the first author’s name is inverted.▪Select the o rder the author’s names based on how they appear on the title page.▪Use ‘and’, not an ampersand ‘&’.▪For three authors, the conjunction ‘and’ following a comma is used before the last author’s name (Example: Smith, Heather, James Hudson, and Marjorie Talbot).Book – Four to Ten Authors or Editors (14.76 / p. 695-696)Note 3. Sara Ahmed et al., eds., Uprootings/ Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration (New York: Berg, 2003), 9.Short Note 3. Ahmed et al., Uprootings/Regroundings, 9.Bibliography Ahmed, Sara, Claudia Castañeda, Anne-Marie Fortier, and Mimi Sheller, editors. Uprootings/Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration. New York: Berg, 2003.Comments ▪Notes: the first author’s name is listed and subsequent names are replaced by ‘et al.’.▪Bibliography: all author’s names are fully cited, unless there are more than ten.▪If more than ten authors are listed, include only the first seven in a bibliography and replace the rest of the names with ‘et al.’Book – Editor, Translator, Compiler in Addition to Author (14.88 / p. 700)Note 4. Gabriel García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude, trans. Gregory Rabassa (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), 234-44.Short Note 4. Garcia Márquez, One Hundred Years, 234-44.Bibliography Garcia Márquez, Gabriel. One Hundred Years of Solitude. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.Comments ▪The author’s name appears firs t and the name(s) of the editor(s), compiler(s), or translator(s) appear after the title.▪The abbreviation (ex. ‘ed.’, ‘trans.’) appears in the notes, but is spelled-out in the bibliography.▪Notes: use the abbreviation ‘ed.’ not ‘eds’ and ‘comp.’ not ‘comps.’ even if there is more than one editor or compiler.Book Chapter – Anthology or Compilation (14.112 / p. 708)Note 5. Onesimo Teotonio Almeida, “Value Conflicts and Cultural Adjustment in North America,”in The Portuguese in Canada: Diasporic Challenges and Adjustment, 2nd ed., ed. Carlos Teixeira andVictor M.P. Da Rosa (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009), 257.Short Note 5. Onesimo, “Value Conflicts,” 257.Bibliography Almeida, Onesimo Teotonio. “Value Conflicts and Cultural Adjustment in North America.” In The Portuguese in Canada: Diasporic Challenges and Adjustment, 2nd ed., edited by CarlosTeixeira and Victor M.P. Da Rosa, 255-68. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Comments ▪Notes: Author of chapter, chapter title in quotation marks, ‘in’, title of book, editor(s), page number being cited, publication place, publisher, year published.▪Bibliography: Author of chapter, chapter title in quotation marks, period, ‘In’, title of book, editor(s), page range of chapter, place of publication, publisher, year published.Journal Article – Print and Online (14.170-14.198 / p. 728-738)Note 6. H.B. McCullough, “Critique of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations,” Pepperdine Law Review 29, no. 1 (2001): 16, /HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/pepplr29&id=25.7. James F. Rochlin, “Latin America's Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: The Case ofBolivia,” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1331-33, doi:10.1080/01436590701591838. Short Note 6. McCullough, “Critique of the Report,” 16.7. Rochlin, “Latin America’s Left Turn,” 1331-33.Bibliography McCullough, H.B. “Critique of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations.”Pepperdine Law Review 29, no. 1 (2001): 15-32. /HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/pepplr29&id=25.Rochlin, James F. “Latin America’s Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: The Case of Bolivia.”Third World Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1327-42. doi:10.1080/01436590701591838. Comments ▪If a print journal article is cited, the citation is the same as for an online article except that there will be no URL or DOI.▪In a note refer to the exact page(s) being cited. In the bibliography provide the entire page range of the article.▪If a DOI is available, it is preferable to a URL. If using a URL, look for the most stable link available, which may not be the link in your I nternet browser’s address bar.▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. Include the access date information in thefollowing format and place it before the doi or URL: Accessed September 27, 2010. Secondary Source - “Citation within a citation” (14.273 / p. 764)Note In this example, de Beauvoir’s book is referenced in Butler’s journal article:8. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (New York: Vintage, 1974), 38, quoted in JudithButler, “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminis tTheory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1988): 519, doi:10.2307/j100575.In this example, Zukofsky’s article is referenced in Costello’s book:9. Louis Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted inBonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1981), 78.Bibliography de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage, 1974. Quoted in Judith Butler.“Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and FeministTheory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1988): 519-31. doi:10.2307/j100575.Zukofsky, Louis. “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1981.Comments ▪Chicago generally discourages secondary citations as the author is “expected to have examined the works they cite.”▪ A short note example is not provided, as secondary sources should be cited fully in notes. Encyclopedia / Dictionary Entry – Online and Print (14.247-14.248 / p. 755-756)Note 10. Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “power”, accessed May 30, 2011,/.11. Encyclopedia of Homelessness, s.v. “Canada,” by Gerald Daly, accessed November 17,2010, /ps/i.do?id=GALE|CX3452400028&v=2.1&u=ubcolumbia&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w.12. Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “beautiful.”13. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, by Carl Cavanagh Hodge, (Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2008), s.v. “Dost Muhammad Khan (1793-1863).”Short Note 10. Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “power.”11. Encyclopedia of Homelessness, s.v. “Canada.”Bibliography Daly, Gerald. “Canada.” In Encyclopedia of Homelessness, edited by David Levinson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference, 2004. Accessed November 17, 2010. /ps/i.do?id=GALE|5DVM&v=2.1&u=ubcolumbia&it=aboutBook&p=GVRL&sw=w.Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. “Dost Muhammad Khan (1793-1863).” In Encyclopedia of the Age ofImperialism, edited by Carl Cavanagh Hodge. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. Comments ▪Well-known reference works are usually cited only in notes and not the bibliography. In a note, the edition is specified but not the publication details (See examples: #10 and 12). Referenceworks that are not well known are cited in both places (See examples: #11 and 13).▪Online reference works are subject to continuous updates. As such, Chicago recommends always including an access date in addition to the DOI or URL.▪ A DOI is preferred for online works. If there is no DOI, include the full stable URL.▪The abbreviation ‘s.v.’(sub verbo, Latin for “under the word”) is used in works arranged by alphabetical order instead of volume or page number. Place ‘s.v’ in front of the entry/wordthat you are citing.▪In notes: the abbreviation ‘s.v.’ is placed near the beginning of an o nline citation and near the end of a print citation (See examples: #11 and #13).Magazine Article – Online and Print (14.199-14.202 / p. 738-739)Note 14. Erin Biba, “Amber Ale: Brewing Beer from 45-Million-Year-Old Yeast,” Wired Magazine, August 17, 2009, /science/discoveries/magazine/17-08/ff_primordial_yeast.15. Timothy Taylor, “Showdown on Scott Road,” The Walrus, September 2009, 30.Short Note 14. Biba, “Amber Ale.”15. Taylor, “Showdown on Scott,” 30.Bibliography Biba, Erin. “Amber Ale: Brewing Beer from 45-Million-Year-Old Yeast.” Wired Magazine, August 17, 2009. /science/discoveries/magazine/17-8/ff_primordial_yeast.Taylor, Timothy. “Showdown on Scott Road.” The Walrus, September 2009, 30-37.Comments ▪If a print magazine article is cited, the citation is the same as for an online article except that there will be no URL or DOI.▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. See the Journal Article example in thisguide for details on where to place the access date and DOI or URL.▪Weekly or monthly magazines are cited by date only, not by volume/issue number.▪ A DOI is preferred for online works. If there is no DOI, include the full stable URL. Newspaper Article – Online and Print (14.203-14.213 / p. 739-742)Note 16. Globe and Mail, “The End of the Beginning,” August 24, 2009,/pqdweb?did=1843066511&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD17. Jason Luciw, “UBCO Continues to Evolve,” Kelowna Capital News, August 23, 2009,/pqdweb?did=1843074861&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD.Short Note 16. Globe and Mail, “End of the Beginning.”17. Luciw, “UBCO Continues.”Bibliography Globe and Mail. “The End of the Beginning.” August 24, 2009, /pqdweb?did=1843066511&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD Luciw, Jason. “UBCO Continues to Evolve.” Kelowna Capital News, August 23, 2009./pqdweb?did=1843074861&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD.Comments ▪Citations for print and online newspapers are identical except for the addition of the URL in the citation of an online paper.▪Newspapers are produced in many editions and formats and page numbers are not required.▪If no author is listed, the newspaper title should be used in its place (See example #17).▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. Include the access date information in thefollowing format and place it before the URL: Accessed September 27, 2010.Thesis / Dissertation(14.224 / p. 746-747)Note 18. Stanley Arthur Copp, “Similkameen Archeology (1993-2004)” (PhD diss. Simon Fraser University, 2006), 302-10, ProQuest (AAT NR29354).19. Vida Yakong, “Rural Ghanaian Women's Experience of Seeking Reproductive HealthCare” (master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008, 27, /2429/3805. Short Note 18. Copp, “Similkameen,” 302-10.19. Yakong, “Rural Ghanaian,” 27-29.Bibliography Copp, Stanley Arthur. “Similkameen Archeology (1993-2004).” PhD diss., Simon Fraser University, 2006. ProQuest (AAT NR29354).Yakong, Vida. “Rural Ghanaian Women's Experience of Seeking Reproductive Health Care.”Master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. /2429/3805. Comments ▪For dissertations on microfilm see 14.120. For published abstracts of dissertations see 14.197. Film / Film Scene / Online Video (14.279 / p. 768-769)Note 20. “Fallacies of Hope,” Civilization, directed by Michael Gill, narrated by Kenneth Clark (London: BBC, 1996), streaming video, /view/883243.21. Genocide in Me, directed by Araz Artinian (Montreal: InformAction/Twenty Voices,2005), DVD.22. “Great Plains,” Planet Earth, narrated by David Attenborough (London: BBC, 2006), DVD.23. Hans Rosling. “Hans Rosling Shows the Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen,” TED video, 19:53,filmed February 2006, posted June 2006, /talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html.24. “UBC Okanagan Creative Studies,” YouTube video, 3:02, posted by“TheQueenOfDiamonds,” November 4, 2008, /watch?v=GlQPvududgM. Bibliography “Fallacies of Hope.” Civilization. Directed by Michael Gill, narrated by Kenneth Clark. London: BBC, 1996. Streaming video. /view/883243.Genocide in Me. DVD. Directed by Araz Artinian. Montreal: InformAction/Twenty Voices, 2005.“Great Plains.” Planet Earth. DVD. Narrated by David Attenborough. London: BBC, 2006.Rosling, Hans. “Hans Rosling Shows the Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen.” Filmed February 2006. TED video, 19:53. Posted June 2006. /talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html.“UBC Okanagan Creative Studies.” YouTube video, 3:02. Posted by “TheQueenOfDiamonds,”November 4, 2008. /watch?v=GlQPvududgM.Comments ▪Indexed scenes are treated as chapters and cited by title or number (See Examples #21 & 24).▪For online multimedia, if no date can be determined from the source, include the date the material was last accessed.▪If the online version is a reproduction of an original performance, include the information about the original performance as well as online access (See p. 769 for examples).▪Providing a link to an online video is not sufficient; provide as full a citation as possible.▪ A short note example is not provided, as multimedia should be cited fully in notes.Website (14.243-14.246 / p. 752-754)Note 25. “Guide to Copyrights,” Canadian Intellectual Property Office, last modified September 20, 2009, accessed May 25, 2011, http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernetinternetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr02281.html.26. Barack Obama’s Facebook page, accessed November 22, 2010,/barackobama.27. Jack Layton, “My Commitment to You: Leadership You Can Trust To Give Your Family aBreak,” New Democratic Party of Canada, accessed April 17, 2011, http://www.ndp.ca/platform. Bibliography “Guide to Copyrights.” Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Las t modified September 20, 2009.Accessed May 25, 2011. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernetinternetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr02281.html.Barack Obama’s Facebook page. Accessed November 22, 2010. /barackobama.Layton, Jack. “My Commitment to You: Leadership You Can Trust To Give Your Family a Break.”New Democratic Party of Canada. Accessed April 17, 2011. http://www.ndp.ca/platform. Comments ▪All attempts should be made to include the following: title of webpage, author of content, owner or sponsor of website, and the URL. If available, include the publication date. If no dateis available or if content is likely to change, include the access date.▪Chicago prefers for website references to be cited in notes. Discipline/Professor preferences may vary and bibliography examples have been provided.▪Include the date the website was last modified/revised, if that is provided on the website (See example #25). If the last modified date is not provided, use the access date (See example #26).▪ A short note example is not provided, as websites should be cited fully in notes and in the bibliography if required by discipline/professor.Images / Illustrations / Figures / Tables / Artwork (14.165 / p. 726 & 14.280 / p. 768-769)Note 28. Adam Jones, “Detail of Grave of Oskar Schindler - Old City - Jerusalem - Israel,”photograph, 2011, /photos/adam_jones/5676115255/.29. “A Patagonian W igwam,” print, 1869, reprinted from The Illustrated London News, Mid-Manhattan Library, /nypldigital/id?807422.30. Salvador Dali, “The Persistence of Memory,” painting, 1931, Museum of Modern Art,.Short Note 28. Jones, “Grave of Oskar Schindler,” photograph.29. “A Patagonian Wigwam,” print.30. Dali, “The Persistence of Memory,” painting.Bibliography Jones, Adam. “Detail of Grave of Oskar Schindler - Old City - Jerusalem - Israel.” Photograph. 2011./photos/adam_jones/5676115255/.“A Patagonian Wigwam.” Print. 1869. Reprinted from The Illustrated London News. Mid-Manhattan Library. /nypldigital/id?807422. [**file under P in bibliography] Dali, Salvador. “The Persistence of Memory.” Painting. 1931. Museum of Modern Art..Comments ▪Basic elements of “image” citation: Name of performer, artist, creator, author, “Title of Work,”indication of format/medium, running time (if applicable), publication date, URL or DOI.▪Citations to works published previously should also include the original citation information.▪The following words can be used to represent various “images” – cartoon, drawing, figure, graph, map, painting, photograph, portrait, table.▪If using Google Images or a similar website, click through to the original location of the image and create your citation based on that source.▪Providing a link to an online image is not sufficient; provide as full a citation as possible.E-mail Correspondence (14.222 / p. 745-746)Note 31. Jan Gattrell, e-mail message to author, June 21, 2011.Bibliography ▪Not applicable.Comments ▪References to conversations (in person, by letter, by e-mail) are generally referenced in text and in notes and are rarely included in the bibliography. For electronic mailing lists see 14.223.9 Blog (14.246 / p. 754)Note 32. Peggy Olive, “Is There a Cancer Threat from the Oil Sands Industry?,” Suzuki Elders (blog), April 19, 2011, /blogs/suzuki-elders/Bibliography Olive, Peggy. “Is There a Cancer Threat from the Oil Sands Industry?” Suzuki Elders (blog). April 19, 2011. /blogs/suzuki-elders/Comments ▪If the word blog is not part of the title of the blog, then add (blog) in brackets after the title.▪Blogs are normally cited only in the notes and not the bibliography.▪ A short note example is not provided, as blogs should be cited fully in notes and in the bibliography if required by discipline/professor.Course Sites (Connect) (Based on 14.224-14.231 / p. 746-748)Note 33. Jim Robinson, “Power Point Pre sentation for September 30, 2011,” PHIL 221 Connect Course Web site at UBC Okanagan, accessed November 26, 2011, https://connect.ubc.ca.Short Note 33. Robinson, “Power Point for September 30, 2011.”Bibliography Robinson, Jim. “Power Point Presentation for September 30, 2011.” PHIL 221 Connect Course Web site at UBC Okanagan. Accessed November 26, 2011. https://connect.ubc.ca. Comments ▪Course sites and other similar online resources are subject to continuous updates. It is recommended to include the access date and the URL.。
Chicago_Author_Date_16th_ed 注释格式
Chicago Style Citations(Author-Date Style)This guide provides basic guidelines and examples for citing sources using The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. Chicago style includes two options for citing sources. This guide covers the author-date style for writers who use parenthetical references as a means of giving attribution to sources. Guidelines for creating parenthetical references are included at the end of this guide. Citations for Electronic Sources: URLs are required for online sources. If a DOI (digital object identifier) number is available, this should be inserted in the place of the URL preceded by “doi:”BooksBook:Format:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. Title. Location of Publisher: Publisher. Sample Citation:Welch, Kathleen E. 1999. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New Literacy. Cambridge: MIT Press.Book: Authors Format:Author Last, First, and Author First Last. Year of Pub. Title. Location of Publisher: Publisher.[Note: If a book is credited to 4 to 10 authors, include all authors in the bibliographic citation. In the parenthetical citation, include the first author’s name followed by “et al.” If more than 10 authors are cited, include the first 7authors in the bibliographic citation followed by “et al.”]Sample Citation:Lunsford, Andrea, and Lisa Ede. 1990. Singular Texts/Plural Authors:Perspectives on Collaborative Writing.Carbondale: SouthernIllinois University Press.Patten, Michael A., Guy McCaskie, and Philip Unitt. 2003. Birds of theSalton Sea: Status, Biogeography, and Ecology. Berkeley:University of California Press.Electronic Book Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. Title. Location of Publisher: Publisher.URL.Sample Citation:Welch, Kathleen E. 1999. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New Literacy. Cambridge: MIT Press..Format:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. “Title of Chapter/Article.”In Title, edited by First Last, inclusive page numbers. Location of Publisher: Publisher,Year.Sample Citation:Wells, Ida B. 1995. “Lynch Law in All its Phases.”In With Pen and Voice:A Critical Anthology of Nineteenth-Century African-AmericanWomen, edited by Shirley Wilson Logan, 80-99. Carbondale:Southern Illinois University Press.Format:Original Author Last, First. Year of Publication. Title. Translated by First Name Last. Location of Publisher: Publisher.Sample Citation:Eisenstein, Sergei. 1968. Film Sense. Translated by Jay Leyda. London: Faber and Faber.[Note: The Chicago style suggests that only specialized encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference works be included in the list of References.]Format:Author Last Name, First. Year of Publication. Title of Book.Ed. First Name Last of editor if necessary. Edition information if available.Location of Publisher: Publisher.Sample Citation:Murphy, Bruce F. 1999. Encyclopedia of Murder and Mystery. New York: St. Martins.JournalsFormat:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. “Title.”Journal Name volume # (issue #): inclusive page numbers.[Note:Day, month or season of publication are rarely included if an issue number is present.]Sample Citation:Haraway,Donna J. 1994. “A Game of Cat's Cradle: Science Studies,Feminist Theory, Cultural Studies.”Configurations2 (1): 59-71.Format:Author Last, First, and Author First Last. Year of Pub. “Title.”Journal Name volume # (no. issue #): inclusive page numbers.[Note: If an article is credited to 4 to 10 authors, include all authors in the bibliographic citation. In the parenthetical citation, include the first author’s name followed by “et al.” If more than 10 authors are cited, include the first 7 authors in the bibliographic citation followed by “et al.”]Sample Citation:Gautreau, Ronald, and Jeffrey M. Cohen. 1997. “Birth and Death of aBlack Hole.”American Journal of Physics65: 444-446.Pridmore, William, Mitchell Chamlin, and Adam Trahan. 1997. “A Test of Competing Hypotheses about Homicide Following Terrorist Attacks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of September 11 and Oklahoma City.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology24 (December): 381-96.Format:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. “Title.”Journal Name volume # (issue #): inclusive page numbers if available. URL or doi number.Sample Citation:Ferrell, Robert H. 1990. “Truman's Place in History.”Reviews in American History 18(1): 1-9. /stable/2702718.Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. “Title.”Journal Name volume #, no. issue # (Month Day of Pub): inclusive page numbers, URL.[Note on page numbers:If online articles do not include page numbers, leave this space blank in the citation. See the sample. Note on dates:If a season is provided instead of a publication date, include the season in place of the Month and Day. See sample.]Sample Citation:Jobe, Karen D. 2000. “Women and the Language of Hackerdom: TheGendered Nature of Hacker Jargon.”Kairos 5, no. 2 (Fall),/kairos/5.2/binder.html?coverbweb/jobe/women&hackerdom.htm.MagazinesFormat:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. “Title.”Magazine Name, Month Day.[Note:Chicago Notes style does not require page numbers for a magazine article, although these may be included. Page numbers should be included in parenthetical citations.]Sample Citation:Swartz, Mimi. 2002. “An Enron Yard Sale.”New Yorker, May 6.Format:Author Last, First, and Author First Last. Year of Pub. “Title.”Magazine Name, Month Day.Sample Citation:Silver, Marc, and James M. Pethokoukis. 2002. “Attack of the Cloned Light Sabers.”U.S. News & World Report, May 13.Format:Author Last, First. Year of Pub. “Title.”Magazine Name, Month Day. URL or doi. Sample Citation:Swartz, Mimi. 2002. “An Enron Yard Sale.”New Yorker, May 6..Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. “Title.”Magazine Name, Month Day.URL.Sample Citation:Leonard, Andrew. 2005. “Embracing the Dark Side of the Brand.”Salon, May 18./mwt/feature/2005/05/18/star_wars_lego/index.np.html.NewspapersArticles from daily newspapers are rarely cited in Chicago style; however,these sources may be referenced within the text.If articles from daily newspapers must be cited in the bibliography,writers should use the following forms.Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. “Title.”Newspaper Name, Month Day ofPublication.[Note:Chicago Notes style does not require page numbers for a newspaper article,although these may be included. Page numbers should be included in parentheticalcitations.]Sample Citation:Lewin, Tamar. 2003. “Disability Requests Reflect Changes in SAT Procedure.”New York Times, November 8.Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. “Title.”Newspaper Name,Month Day of Pub. URL.Sample Citation:Flores, Matt. 2001. “San Antonio, Texas-Area Business Students ManageReal Portfolio.”San Antonio Express-News, December 18..Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. “Title.”Newspaper Name,Month Day of Publication. URL.Sample Citation:Mapes, Lynda V. 2005. “Unearthing Tse-whit-zen.”Seattle Times, May 25./news/local/klallam/index.html.Electronic SourcesFormat:Last Name, First of Author. Year of Pub. Title of Site. Last modified or AccessedMonth Day, Year. URL.Sample Citation:Weissmann, Anne. 2006. Ernest Haeckel: Art Forms in Nature. AccessedJanuary 14, 2007. /haeckel/index.html. Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. "Title of Page." Title of st modifiedor Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.Sample Citation:Sun, Yee-Fan. 2005. "Shacking Up." . Accessed March 2, 2005. /lounge/lounge_shackingup.htm.Format:Corporate Author Name. Year of Publication. Title of Site. Last modified orAccessed Month Day, Year. URL.Sample Citation:Miller Center of Public Affairs. 2005. American st modified 2010. http:// .Format:Author Last, First. Year of Publication. Title of Site. Last modified or AccessedMonth Day, Year.URL.Sample Citation:Harvey, Billy. 2004. Billy Harvey Has Had Hair Longer Than Yours. AccessedMay 24, 2008. .Parenthetical ReferencesThe Chicago Author-Date style requires the use of parenthetical references in the text of the essay as well as a list of citations on a “References” page at the end of a text. Parenthetical references should be placed at the end of the sentence, before the period, when a resource has been used.If the sentence is either long enough or complex enough so that the cited portion of the sentence is not obvious, the parenthetical reference may instead be inserted immediately after the use of information from the source.Page numbers should be included whenever possible.General Form:(Author Last Name Year of Publication, Page #)Example:(Smith 1992, 142)The following examples illustrate parenthetical reference formats for works with more than one author.(Smith and Johnson 1998, 14)(Smith, Johnson, and White 2001, 42)(Smith et al. 1998, 203)(National Alliance for Social Consideration 1932, 11)When organizations or corporate authors are the author of a text, the name of the organization may be shortened to its most basic title.Abbreviations for the organization are not encouraged.In the Chicago style, daily newspapers are rarely included in a list of References.Instead, attribution may be given to information from a daily newspaper in a parenthetical reference. General Form:(Newspaper Name, Day Month Year of Publication, Section and Page #) Examples:(San Antonio Express-News, 2 June 2005, B2)(New York Times, 2 June 2005, A2)(Durant Daily Democrat, 2 June 2005, 3)The Chicago style guide does not offer examples for creating parenthetical references when there is no given author.Standard practice has been to include the title of the work in place of the author.The title should be formatted in the same manner as the formatting in the References list entry.(Plagiarism and You2002, 142)("Five Ways to Protect Yourself" 2000, 33)Electronic sources commonly lack a date of publication, as do other sources.When there is no date of publication listed for a source, include the abbreviation "n.d." in place of the date. (Statistics for Water Rights n.d.)For further information on citing sources using the Chicago style, see pages 796-810 in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.。
本科毕业论文的参考文献格式要求
本科毕业论文的参考文献格式要求参考文献在本科毕业论文中扮演着重要的角色，它不仅能够验证作者研究的可靠性和科学性，还可以为读者提供进一步的阅读与研究的方向。
因此，在写作本科毕业论文时，正确的参考文献格式是必须遵循的要求。
本文将介绍几种主要的参考文献格式要求，包括APA、MLA和Chicago三种常用的格式。
一、APA格式APA（American Psychological Association）格式是社会科学、教育和商业领域最常使用的引文格式之一。
下面是按照APA格式引用书籍、期刊文章和网站资源的方法示例：1. 书籍引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. (出版年). 书名. 出版地: 出版社。
2. 期刊文章引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. (出版年). 文章标题. 期刊名, 卷(期), 页码。
3. 网站引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. (发布年, 月日). 标题. 网站名. 检索网址。
二、MLA格式MLA（Modern Language Association）格式是人文科学领域最常使用的引文格式之一。
以下是按照MLA格式引用书籍、期刊文章和网站资源的方法示例：1. 书籍引用格式：作者名, 作者姓. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年。
2. 期刊文章引用格式：作者名, 作者姓. "文章标题." 期刊名, vol. 卷号, no. 期号, 日期, 页码。
3. 网站引用格式：作者名, 作者姓. "文章标题." 网站名, 版本号, 出版机构/日期, 网址（无需http://）。
三、Chicago格式Chicago格式又称芝加哥格式，主要被应用于历史、文化学科的研究领域。
下面是按照Chicago格式引用书籍、期刊文章和网站资源的方法示例：1. 书籍引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年。
2. 期刊文章引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. "文章标题." 期刊名卷号, 期号 (年份): 页码。
芝加哥论文格式范例
芝加哥论文格式范例篇一：APA,哈佛, MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式引用指导和对比 APA Harvard , MLA , Vancouver and Chicago and Turabian citing style citing guidance and comparisonAPA，哈佛,MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式的引用指导和对比Prepared by 李连发Date: January 17, 2021Content list (目录)Chapter one definition and application of APA Harvard , MLA , Vancouver and Chicago andTurabian citingstyle ............................................................... .. (3)第一章APA，哈佛,MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式的定义和应用 .................... 3 Chapter two citing guidance and example APA Harvard , MLA , Vancouver and Chicago andTurabian citingstyle ............................................................... .. (4)第二章APA，哈佛,MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式的引用指导和范例 (4)2.1 MLA CITINGSTYLE ............................................................... .. (4)2.1.1 MLA CITING STYLEbooks ............................................................... .. (4)2.1.2 MLA CITING STYLE--Magazine ............................................................ .. (4)2.1.3 MLA CITING STYLE --JournalArticle. ............................................................ .. (5)2.1.4 MLA CITING STYLE. Website withauthor. (5)2.2 APA CITING STYLE................................................................ (6)2.2.1 APA CITING STYLE–book .............................................................. . (6)APA CITING STYLE –book in adatabase ............................................................ .. (6)2.2.2 APA CITING STYLE--magazine ............................................................ . (7)APA CITING STYLE --magazine articleonline (7)2.2.3 APA CITING STYLE -Journalarticle ............................................................. (7)APA CITING STYLE -Journal articleonline .............................................................. .. (7)2.2.3 APA CITING STYLE –website with anauthor (8)2.3 Vancouer CITINGSTYLE ............................................................... .. (8)2.3.1 Vancouver CITING STYLE--books ............................................................. .. (8)2.3.2 Vancouver CITING STYLE --JournalArticle. (9)2.3.3 Vancouver CITING STYLE---Website. ......................................................... . (10)2.4 CHICAGO / Turabian CITINGSTYLE ............................................................... (10)2.4.1 CHICAGO / Turabian citing style--books ............................................................102.4.2 CHICAGO / Turabian citing style --Magazine (10)2.4.3 CHICAGO / Turabian citing style --JournalArticle. (11)2.4.4 CHICAGO / Turabian citing style---Website. (11)Chapter three Comparison between APA Harvard , MLA , Vancouver and Chicago and Turabiancitingstyle ............................................................... ..................................................................... (12)第三章APA，哈佛,MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式的对比 (12)3.1 citation ofbooks ............................................................... . (12)3.2 citation ofjournals ............................................................ (12)3.3 citation ofWebsite ............................................................. (13)Chapter one definition and application of APA Harvard , MLA , Vancouver and Chicago and Turabian citing style第一章APA，哈佛,MLA、温哥华和芝加哥和Turabian论文格式的定义和应用 APA citing style.APA格式APA citing style refers to the rules and conventions for source used in academic paper which is established by the American Psychological Association . Its documenting sources are author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.APA格式是美国心理协会制定的学术论文参考文献的规则和约定。
《芝加哥格式手册》（第17版）对我国参考文献著录标准制定与优化的启示
学术研讨《芝加哥格式手册》（第17版）对我国参考文献著录标准制定与优化的启示■ 俞月圆1，2*（1.中国科学院自然科学史研究所；2.中国科学院大学）摘 要：以《芝加哥格式手册》（下称《手册》）为范本的“芝加哥格式”是国际知名的优秀文献著录规则，适用于包括历史学在内的多种人文社会科学学科。
本文根据笔者依照《手册》编辑英文稿件的实践经验，将其优势总结为具有明确性、包容性、准确性和可读性四点，认为我国2015年发布的国家标准文件《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》（GB/T 7714-2015）在这四方面均有欠缺，并基于《手册》的长处，为我国参考文献著录标准的进一步完善提出了建议。
关键词：《芝加哥格式手册》，著录规则，国标，GB/T 7714—2015DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2024.06.002Implications of The Chicago Manual of Style for the Development and Optimization of China’s National Standards for Bibliographic ReferencesYU Yue-yuan1,2*（1. Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences）Abstract:The Chicago format, modeled on The Chicago Manual of Style (hereafter referred to as The Manual), is an internationally renowned documentation style applicable to a wide range of disciplines in humanities and social sciences including history. Based on the author’s practical experience in editing English manuscripts, this paper summarizes the advantages of The Manual as clarity, inclusiveness, accuracy, and readability. China’s national standard document GB/T 7714-2015, Information and documentation—Rules for bibliographic references and citations to information resources, which was released in 2015, has defi ciencies in these four aspects. Based on the strengths of The Manual, this paper puts forward suggestions for further improving China’s national standards for bibliographic references.Keywords: The Chicago Manual of Style, citation style, national standard, GB/T 7714-20150 引 言参考文献著录标准规定了学术著作、学术论文引用其他已有学术成果时应遵守的规范和应采取的基本形式。
英文参考文献 引用格式
英文参考文献引用格式English:When citing references in an academic paper, there are several commonly used formats, including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. In APA format, the reference should include the author's last name and initial, the publication year, the title of the work, and publication information. For example, a book citation should follow this format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle. Publisher. For MLA format, the citation includes the author's name, the title of the source, the title of the container, other contributors, version, number, publisher, publication date, and location. In Chicago style, the citation should include the author's name, the title of the book, the place of publication, the publisher, and the year of publication. In Harvard style, the citation includes the author's name, the year of publication, the title of the work, and publication information. It is important to carefully follow the specific guidelines for each format to ensure that the references are accurately cited.中文翻译:在学术论文中引用参考文献时，有几种常用的格式，包括APA、MLA、芝加哥和哈佛。
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Book
Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books.
Journal Article
Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture13 (2): 53-65.
Magazine Article
Do not include the page numbers in the reference list. Cite the specific pages in the parenthetical
reference. (section 17.183)
Smith, Jane. 1996. There is no resisting the Borg queen. Maclean's, December 2.
Newspaper Article
Do not include the page numbers in the reference list or the parenthetical reference. If the
newspaper has several editions, include that information as shown under the next item. (section 17.188).
Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles Times,March 15, sec. A. Newspaper Article - No Author(section 17.192)
Do not follow this format for other items without an author. See notes below. Newsday.2003. Activision suing over Star trek. July 2, Queens edition, sec. A.
Encyclopedia Article
Well known, alphabetically arranged reference books used as sources are not included
in the reference list but are cited in the text (section 17.238). Examples: ▪In his article on science fiction in the 1995 edition of the Encyclopedia Americana, Theodore Sturgeon says that the
phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback.
▪Theodore Sturgeon says that the phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback (Encyclopedia Americana,1995
ed., s.v. "Science fiction.").
Articles from less well known reference books can be treated as a Book Article or Chapter
Book Article or Chapter(sections 17.68-17.70)
For multivolume books, include the volume number before the page number (ex. 3:26-27)
(section 17.87).
James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic, ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
ERIC Document(section 17.242)
Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. 1993. Sibling communication in Star trek: The next generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Speech Communication Association, text-fiche, ED364932.
Website(section 17.237)
Lynch, Tim. 1996. Review of DS9 trials and tribble-ations. Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club. /campusorg/
psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html (accessed October 8, 1997).
Notes
▪There are two different Chicago Styles. The one shown above is for a Reference List which is starting to become the more common one. See
the printed manual for the other.
▪Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc. (section 16.93).
▪Doublespace all lines (section 2.29).
▪Indent the second and following lines (section 2.29).
▪For ranges of page numbers, use an en dash instead of a hyphen (section 9.62).
▪If no author is given, start with the title and then the date (section 17.32) - except with newspapers (see above).
▪Journal, magazine, or newspaper article from a database: Follow the examples shown above. Then add the URL of the database's homepage
after the period (it is not necessary to include the long link directly to the
article). End the URL with a period (section 17.359). If the database gives the first page number of the article but not the last, use "ff." after the first number: 126ff. (section 17.131).
▪Websites: (section 17.237) Include the title of the web page, the title of the entire website (or the owner of the website - these two might be the same, as in this example). Including the date you accessed the page is
optional if it is not important that the contents might get revised or updated (section 17.12).
▪The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See sections 17.58 and 17.157 of the printed version
of the manual for details.
▪For documents and situations not listed here, see the printed version of the manual or Chicago's official website for a list of frequently asked
questions about "Documentation" and other aspects of Chicago style.。