动词过去式及过去分词变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

Ⅰ. 规则变化:
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结
尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时, 双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked
（交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C. 读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted
II. 不规则动词表:
(1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
cost（花费）cost cost shut shut shut
cut（割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt
let（让）let let put（放）put put
read （读）read read
(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）
beat（跳动）beat beaten
(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）
become（变成）became become awake awoke awoken
come（来）came come run（跑）ran run
(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）
dig（挖）dug dug build built built
get（得到）got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealt
hang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed
hold（抓住）held held find found found
shine（照耀）shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden
sit（坐）sat sat pay paid paid
win （赢）won won send sent sent
meet（遇见）met met shoot shot shot
keep （保持）kept kept tell told told
sleep（睡）slept slept win won won
sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt
smell（闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built
lend（借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sent
spend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lost
burn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt
mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caught
teach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought
fight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought
think（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heard
sell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told
say（说）said said find（找到）found found
have/has（有）had had make（制造）made made
stand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）
begin（开始）began begun take（取）took taken
drink（喝）drank drunk mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ring（铃响）rang rung ride（骑）rode ridden
sing （唱）sang sung do（做）did done
swim（游泳）swam swum write（写）wrote written
blow（吹）blew blown go（去）went gone
draw （画）drew drawn lie（平躺）lay lain
fly（飞）flew flown see（看见）saw seen
grow（生长）grew grown wear （穿）wore worn
know（知道）knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shown
break（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosen
forget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak（说，讲）spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake（醒）woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed drive（驾驶）drove driven hide hid hidden
eat（吃）ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall（落下）fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎
give（给）gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise（升高）rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must。