高中英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解(含答案)
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反义疑问句
一、反义疑问句
又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1.陈述部分为肯定式+ 疑问部分为否定式
(如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式)
e.g. She was ill yesterday,wasn’t she?
Tom dislikes the book,doesn’t he?
2.陈述部分为否定式+ 疑问部分为肯定式
(陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。)
e.g. He can’t ride a bike,can he?
Some plants never blown (开花),do they ?
二、附加疑问句
(一)主语的选择
1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I.
I’m as tall as your sister,aren't I?
注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:
I find English very interesting,don’t you?
I don’t like that film,do you?
2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,no one,somebody 等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如:
Somebody phoned while I was out,didn’t they?
Everyone enjoyed the party,didn’t they?
Nobody wants to go there,does he?
3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如:
Everything seems all right now,doesn’t it?
Nothing is kept in good order,is it?
Something must be done to stop pollution,isn’t it?
4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如:
This is important,isn’t it?
That isn’t correct,is it?
These are your friends Tom and Jack,aren’t they?
5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如:
One can’t be too careful,can one?或can you?
One should do his duty,shouldn’t he?
6.当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:
There’s no help for it,is there?
There’s something wrong,isn’t there?
7.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:
She says that I did it,doesn’t she?
I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?
但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?
I don’t think she cares,does she?
8.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now,shouldn’t he? 9.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如:Don’t open the door,will you?
Give me some cigarettes,can you?
Take a rest,why don’t you?
但以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是allow us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如:
Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon,shall we?
Let us go out for a rest,will you?
10.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time,doesn’t it?
Between six and seven will suit you,won’t it?
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided,has it?
(二)谓语动词的选择
1.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:You must work hard next term,mustn’t you?
I must answer the letter,mustn’t I?
但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如:
You must have made a mistake,haven’t you?
They must have seen the film last week,didn’t they?
He must be in the library,isn’t he?
2.当陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如:
The old man used to smoke,didn’t /usedn’t he?
Tom used to live here,usedn’t /didn’t he?
3.当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如:He ought to know the answer,oughtn’t he?
We ought to read this book,oughtn’t/ shouldn’t we?
4.当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用need /dare +主语。
We need not do it again,need we ?
He dare not say so,dare you?
但当dare,need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。