topic sentence paper
How to write a topic sentence
How to write a topic sentenceThe definition of a topic sentenceA topic sentence is a complete sentence that states the main point of the paragraph. It introduces an overall idea or makes an abstract point that the writer wants to discuss later in the paragraph.The features of a topic sentenceA good topic sentence is necessary for a paragraph. It has the following four features:1. being a complete sentence;1) The importance of reading widely.Revised:Reading widely is very important in improvingone’s reading comprehension.2) To make all the decisions for children.Revised:Parents in China tend to make all the decisionsfor their children.2. including a topic and a controlling idea;The topic / subject: an idea that the sentence is about: matter, person, problem etc.The main / controlling idea: a statement that says something about the topic: place, time, aspect, similarities or differences, intention, cause and effect.e.g.: Television plays an educational role in our daily life.3. being neither too general nor specific;e.g.: (1) English writing is very difficult.In this sentence, “English writing”is the topic and “very difficult”the controlling idea. Obviously it is too big to develop. The sentence can be revised: English writing is comparatively more difficult than other language skills for Chinese students.(2) My hometown is famous because it is located by Wheaton River, which is very wide, and because it is built near an unusually steep hill called Wheaton Hill.The problem with this sentence is that it contains too many details. Topic sentences are general, and details should appear later in the paragraph.Revised:My hometown is famous for several amazing geographical features.The place of a topic sentenceBased on the need of a paragraph development, the topic, if there is one, may come at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.At the beginning of the paragraphMost of the time a topic sentence appears as the first sentence when the writer wants the reader to know how the paragraph will be developed and where the composition is headed.For example:There is a lot of work involved in fixing bicycles.First, it is necessary for one to become familiar with the structure and parts of the vehicle. Second, one must have the correct tools to make the necessary repairs. Third, the person making the repairs must prepare himself or herself toput a lot of time and effort into the job and only expect minimal results at the end.As is shown in the above sentence, the topic sentence in the very beginning directly leads readers to the point under discussion: the work in fixing bicycles.In the middle of the paragraphSometimes the topic is placed in the middle of the paragraph when the writer has information that needs to precede it. The paragraph usually involves comparison or contrast, introducing the similarities or differences of the things discussed, and the topic sentence serves as a transition. For example:Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility---both physical and psychological---has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.The topic sentence appears in the middle, which serves as a signal showing that the following sentences are about the difference between Californians and New Englanders. The preceding sentence, however, is about the similarity of them. By using comparison, the paragraph is well-organized.At the end of the paragraphSometimes the topic sentence is put at the end of a paragraph if the writer wants the reader to consider his line of reasoning before he declares his main point. The topic sentence plays a role of conclusion.For example:Give students a chance to grow. Do not mold them from one of a thousand patterns. Let them seek knowledge, but do not find it for them. Let them learn patience; do not force it on them. Let them take their own time to grow; do not set rigid time schedules. Most of all, do not push them against a stone wall, crushing them with knowledge gained from the experience of others. Experience cannot be taught; it must come slowly through personal search.The topic sentence appears as the last sentence, serving as a conclusion. And the preceding sentences are detailed information.No clear topic sentenceTom studied for four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.√Exercises:1.Write a topic sentence for the following topics. Remember to focus your controlling idea onone aspect of the topic.My universityMy hometownExtracurricular activitiesSurfing on the InternetTraffic jam2.Read each paragraph and underline the sentence which best expresses the main idea.(1)Americans make no distinction in greeting friends, acquaintance, elders, or superiors.When Americans see a close, a casual acquaintance, a teacher, or even someone they know only by sight, they are likely to say “Hi” in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintance. It only means that “Hi”serves as greeting for both.(2)For years I have struggled with my writing skills. My inability to master correct grammaras well as my struggle to formulate coherent ideas has made my compositions very dull and ineffective. This year, however, I decided to visit the Writing Center to help improve my skills. I found, to my surprise, that the real key to writing a good paper is to have a passion for the things about which you are writing. When a person becomes interested in his or her subject of composition, he or she will make a better attempt at organizing ideas and giving them a strong coherence.(3)My grandfather contracted lung cancer a few months ago. The doctors now say that heonly has a few weeks to live. My family’s situation is not unique. Millions of Americans are going through a similar experience. At least three members of every extended family will contract terminal disease before the age of sixty. At least one out of every three nuclear families will have a member who will die of cancer before that age of fifty. From these statistics and from personal experience it is evident that no one is unaffected by cancer.。
英语写作的主题句和段落
在另外一篇作文Part of My Childhood中，作者开头是这样写 的： In my childhood, there were so many things that were worth calling to mind. Some made me happy, some made me excited, and some made me sad. But among them was an unforgettable thing, when I think of it, my good friend Tong Tong will occur to me. 作为汉语读者来说，首先用抒情的笔法奠定一种氛围，然后引导 读者逐渐进入对于往事的回忆，这样的开头是非常自然而且感人 的。但是美国编者显然不这样认为： This is a moving story about friends who have quarreled. It needs a good topic sentence to bring the reader into the feelings and message the writer wants to convey. 这位美国编者提供了这样的开头：
A little girl taught me, and a busful of people, an important lesson about the importance of thinking more of other people than of ourselves. One day I took a very crowded bus to school…
Even when we are very careful in the things we do each day, the risk of loss and injury is always with us. Starting the day with a shower, we risk slipping and falling through the glass door. Riding to work, we risk collision. While we are away from our homes, the risk of fire and burglary is greater. Going to school, our children risk being injured. We also loss through unintentional actions of our own that might injure others. Such events may occur regardless of how careful we may try to be, and they can cost us a lot of money. Rather than taking the chance of being wiped out financially, we transfer some or our risks to others, we buy insurance.
topic-sentencePPT课件
e.g.
1) Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
2) Alcoholic beverages should be banned from college campuses for two reasons.
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• There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro.
• Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries.
topic and a controlling idea.
The Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling Idea
3) The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.
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Examples: 1) The importance of reading widely.
3.Concluding sentence. (论句/结尾句 ) sentences to give more
detailed information about
the topic sentence.
a sentence to end a paragraph or
to summarize(总结. ） the ideas.
科技英语(2009)
近期进展情况分析
This experiment has a significant impact on …… In recent years, more attention has been focused on …… The models of …… has recently received considerable attention.
摘要
摘
要
简短扼要 引人入胜
要
求ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
让读者想读完 内行一目了然
摘要
摘 语言特点
要
动词时态（常用三种时态） 动词时态（常用三种时态） 一般现在时 --- 最普通 表示介绍的客观事实 现在完成时 --- 表示已取得的成果或完成的工作 一般现在时+现在完成时＋ 综合时态 --- 一般现在时+现在完成时＋过去时 大量使用被动语态 例：
介绍论文重点的语句
The report concentrates on …… Particular attention is/ was paid to …… The greatest emphasis in this article is on ……
摘要
摘
常用语句
要
介绍成果的获取和开发的语句
It is experimentally established that …… It is numerically established that …… The authors have developed two methods of …… A theoretical model has been developed to predict ……
摘要
常用语句
摘
英语写作之——Topic Sentence 的写法
英语写作之——Topic Sentence 的写法1. 根本原则：观点明确Topic Sentence一定要体现出你的观点，所谓的观点即可以定义为思考的产物！不说没有主题的官话（没营养的废话），因为那会让人觉得作者很傻；也不要说事实，因为那不是经过思考的谈不上观点；另外，最好不要用疑问句，反问句，因为观点直接一点更好，而且英文写作追求直接高效的语言应用（比如：写作上，一针见血的单词的应用效果远胜于几乎任何词组；口语上，尽量用词组会更好）。
例题：观点是否明确？p1. Children suffer a lot emotionally when their parents get divorced.p2. In addition, children need to feel secure and should live where they feel the safest and happiest.p3. Finally, most children live with their mother after their parents divorce.仅供参考p1,p2都是观点，p3不是观点。
可以对p3进行如下改正：p3. Finally, the court often chooses to place children with their mother by default, but a child may feel that his father is a better care giver.2. 逻辑原则：思路流畅采用一些合理的逻辑连接词，整篇文章的逻辑衔接程度会更好，思路更加流畅。
例题：思路是否流畅p1. The first type of boring person is the obvious one who just is not fun to be with.p2. Another one is someone who spends all his time talking about himself.p3. Someone can become more interesting if he takes up a new hobby or learns a new skill.仅供参考p2,p3与p1看上去不对仗，逻辑上不流畅。
topic sentences
Strategies
I. Echoing the introduction: Echoing your introduction can be a good strategy if it is meant to bring the reader full-circle. If you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay was helpful in creating a new understanding.
It might be helpful to think of a topic sentence as working in two directions simultaneously. It relates the paragraph to the essay's thesis, and thereby acts as a signpost for the argument of the paper as a whole, but it also defines the scope of the paragraph itself.
Conclusion I thought I would spend a few hours at Disneyland, but here I was at 1:00 A.M., closing time, leaving the front gates with the now dark towers of the Magic Kingdom behind me. I could see tired children, toddling along and struggling to keep their eyes open as best they could. Others slept in their parents' arms as we waited for the parking lot tram that would take us to our cars. My forty-year-old feet ached, and I felt a bit sad to think that in a couple of days I would be leaving California, my vacation over, to go back to my desk. But then I smiled to think that for at least a day I felt ten years old again.
英语作文稿纸模板a4
英语作文稿纸模板a4全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A4 English Composition Paper TemplateIntroduction:When it comes to writing in English, having the right template can make a big difference. A4 size paper is commonly used for English compositions, essays, and other written assignments. In this article, we will provide a convenient and easy-to-use template for A4 English composition paper.Template:Title:Subtitle:Name:Date:Class:Introduction:[Insert your introduction here.]Body:[Write your main points and arguments in paragraph form here.]Conclusion:[Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in this section.]References:[Include any sources or references you used in your composition.]Closing:[End your composition with a final thought or concluding statement.]Instructions:- To use this template, simply fill in the required information in the designated spaces.- Make sure to follow the correct format and structure for your English composition.- Feel free to add or modify sections as needed to fit your specific assignment requirements.- Proofread your composition before submitting to ensure accuracy and clarity.Conclusion:Having a well-organized template can help you streamline your writing process and produce a polished English composition. With this A4 English composition paper template, you can confidently tackle your writing assignments and convey your ideas effectively. Happy writing!篇2Sorry, but I cannot provide a document with more than 2000 words in English about a template for an A4 English essay paper. However, I can certainly provide you with guidance on how to structure your essay on an A4 sheet of paper.Here is a basic template you can follow:Title: (Centered at the top of the page)Introduction:- Background information- Thesis statementBody:- Paragraph 1: Topic sentence, supporting details- Paragraph 2: Topic sentence, supporting details- Paragraph 3: Topic sentence, supporting details- Repeat as needed for additional paragraphsConclusion:- Restate thesis statement- Summarize main points- Concluding thoughts or suggestions for further researchReferences:- List any sources cited in your essayRemember to use proper formatting, such as double spacing, a legible font, and appropriate margins. Additionally, make sure to proofread your essay for grammar and spelling errors before submitting it.I hope this template helps you structure your essay effectively. If you need further assistance, please let me know!篇3Dear readers,Here is a template for an A4 size English composition paper. This template can be used for writing different types of essays, letters, reports, and other documents in English. The standard dimensions for an A4 size paper are 210 x 297 millimeters or 8.27 x 11.69 inches.Title of the DocumentSubheading (if applicable)Author's NameDateIntroduction:The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic or issue being discussed in the document. It should also clearly state the purpose of the document and outline the main points that will be covered in the body.Body:The body of the document should consist of several paragraphs, each addressing a specific point or aspect of the topic. Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Supporting details,examples, and evidence should be provided to strengthen the argument or explanation.Conclusion:The conclusion should summarize the main points discussed in the body of the document and reiterate the importance or significance of the topic. It should also provide any final thoughts or recommendations on the topic.References:If any external sources were used in the document, a list of references should be included at the end of the document. This should include the author's name, title of the source, publication date, and any other relevant information.Please feel free to use this template for your English writing assignments. Happy writing!Sincerely,[Author's Name]。
雅思大作文评分标准细则
雅思写作考试不同类型作文评分标准雅思考试全程考试时间为2小时55分钟。
其中，写作在听力、阅读部分之后出现，是笔试的最后一项。
雅思写作考试要求在60分钟内完成两篇作文(T ask 1 and Task 2)。
写作中，以移民为主的培训类(General Training)和以留学为主的学术类(Academic)试题类型有所不同。
T ask 1要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的文章。
G类(培训类)要求考生针对题目要求写一封信来询问某方面信息或阐释某种状况。
到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
而A类(学术类)则考核图表为主。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
T ask 2 要求考生在40分钟内写作一篇不少于250字的议论文。
A类和G类在T ask 2方面非常相似。
考生可能需要对某个观点发表支持或反驳意见，或者讨论针锋相对的一组观点，或者解释某种问题出现的原因并提出相应的解决办。
雅思评分按9分制。
基本上，移民或读语言学校起码要5分(Modest User)。
留学需要6分(Competent User)以上。
如果读的是法律、传媒、管理等名校的研究生的话，写作最好达到7分(Good User)。
但考生最后写作成绩并不是T ask 1和T ask 2的简单平均，而是以Task 2为主。
雅思写作的评分标准不象四六级或托福采用整体式的评分，而是分项式评分(analytical scoring)。
也就是说，考官给考生并不只打一个分数，而是根据具体的评分细则分项给分。
书信或图表评分标准：Task 1(书信或图表)按照以下三方面评分：T ask Fulfilment(完成任务)；Coherence and Cohesion(连贯与衔接)；Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)。
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In the last 15 years, China has greatly increased university enrollments. That means more students can go to college because of the policy. However, it is declining the quality of education.
Firstly, some students do not study hard like before in high school under the policy. They think now that all universities are increasing enrollments, why not take it easy? That causes them to relax excessive and lose enthusiasm and competitiveness in study. It makes the students’personal quality of study decreased and has a direct bad impact on the quality of education.
Secondly, the policy increases the number of students causes a big problem that excellent students and bad students are in the same class. That is a big challenge for university teacher to find the balance between them so that the teacher can teach efficiently. Furthermore, those poor students who get a low score or fail some classes directly let the whole teaching level drop.
Third, many universities have to set up new professions. But some universities do not have enough facilities. What is the most worse that experienced teachers are not available. Accordingly, the educational quality of these universities is not outstanding and those students can not get systematic education. Apparently, the university’s education level goes down.
From what have been discussed, a conclusion is apparently that cutting down enrollments is necessary to increase the level of education quality.。