论文修改篇
论文中期检查修改意见
论文中期检查修改意见论文中期检查修改意见「篇一」该论文论述了财务报表分析的研究现状和发展趋势，认识到本课题的研究对企业管理水平的提高有一定的现实意义。
论文阐述了拟研究的基本内容和主要观点，符合撰写要求，可以开题撰写。
论文中期检查修改意见「篇二」该论文阐述了财务分析问题的研究现状及发展趋势，认识到该课题的写作意义。
论文概述了拟研究的基本内容，确立了写作思路，研究途径与研究方法切实可行，符合撰写要求，同意开题撰写。
论文中期检查修改意见「篇三」该论文论述了财务指标研究的目的和意义;认识到该课题的研究有利于企业管理的改进，符合当前企业的管理要求。
该论文概述了拟研究的基本内容，研究途径与研究方法切实可行，符合撰写要求，同意开题撰写。
论文中期检查修改意见「篇四」论文题与论文的内容基本相符，结构基本完整，语言也比较通顺，没有大的语法错误。
问题是，全文引用的部分太多，自己的分析太少，有些“分析”有抄袭的痕迹。
应当说，完成这篇论文所需的材料已经具备，作者可以在此基础上对材料进行分析归纳以得出自己的结论。
论文中期检查修改意见「篇五」论文对批量控制中的配方与异常处理进行研究，在分析了经典聚类算法和子空间算法基础上设计了一种改进的子空间算法，这种算法对配方数据聚类能够取到良好的效果。
异常处理是任何控制过程中都不可避免的，论文提出了一种基于内部模型状态机的方法，使用JGrafchart对啤酒生产过程中糖化过程进行建模。
然后构建异常处理系统，该系统能够运行糖化配方，并进行异常诊断和异常处理，最后填料过程中阀门未响应，分析了三种原因。
仿真结果表明，所设计的异常处理系统能够有效的对批量生产过程中的异常行为进行诊断和处理。
作者的工作具有较好的实际应用价值，论文写作认真结构严谨，文字通顺，反映出作者具有了从事科学研究工作的能力，同意进行硕士学位论文答辩。
学位论文修改报告
学位论文修改报告论文标题：xxxxxxxxxx学位类型：xxxxxx学位授予单位：xxxxxx学科领域：xxxxxx尊敬的评阅专家：谨向评阅专家老师致以最诚挚的问候！本人以自己最真诚的态度，诚恳地请您审阅并提出修改意见，以期使学位论文最终能够更加完善。
一、语言表达与逻辑首先，我对整篇论文的语言表达进行了细致的检查与修改，将措辞更加精确、准确，增强了论文的可读性和观点的表达效果。
同时，我对论文的逻辑结构进行了调整，使得段落间的衔接更加连贯，论证过程更加流畅。
二、研究方法和数据分析其次，根据您在初评阅意见中提出的建议，我重新梳理了研究方法和数据分析的部分，并对统计方法的使用进行了进一步修正。
我对数据进行了新一轮的校对和整理，确保了数据的准确性和完整性，并根据您的意见对数据进行了进一步的分析和解读。
四、附录和图表最后，我对附录和图表进行了仔细的核对和修正，确保其与正文的对应关系，同时也对图表的排版进行了优化，提高了整篇论文的可读性。
在本次修改过程中，我也注意到一些问题亟待解决：二、理论模型的深入探讨虽然我在论文中已经运用了相应的理论模型对问题进行了分析和解释，但在更加深入的探讨方面还存在不足之处，请您对此予以指导。
三、结论的概括和展望对于整篇论文的结论部分考虑到时间和论文的局限性，或许并不够全面准确。
此外，在展望方面，还需进一步拓展未来的研究方向和潜在问题。
在学习和修正的过程中，我所获得的不仅仅是学识的积累和修养的提升，更是饱含着我对学术研究持之以恒的热爱与追求。
希望通过此次的修改和您的指导，能够进一步提高自己论文撰写能力，为学术研究做出更大的贡献。
最后，再次感谢您抽出宝贵的时间审阅我的论文，并请您再次批评指正，提出宝贵意见。
我会虚心接受并严明整改，以期使学位论文更加完善。
衷心感谢您对我的指导和支持！敬祝工作顺利，身体健康！。
毕业论文修改意见
毕业论文修改意见在这篇毕业论文中，作者提出了关于某一特定主题的观点，并呈现了一系列支持该观点的论据。
尽管整体论文的结构和内容都相当完整和清晰，但仍有一些修改和改进的地方。
首先，我建议作者对引言部分进行一些修改。
虽然作者在引言中提出了有关该主题的一般背景信息，但我觉得引言的内容可以更具体和详细一些。
作者可以补充更多当前研究领域的重要发现，并介绍他自己的研究问题。
此外，作者还可以描述一下自己的研究方法和研究目标，以便读者可以更好地了解整个论文的内容。
其次，在论文的主体部分，作者需要更好地组织论据和结构。
有时候，作者的观点和支持论据之间的逻辑关系不够清晰，导致读者难以理解作者的论证过程。
为了解决这个问题，作者可以尝试使用更有条理的段落结构，并在每个段落的开头和结尾明确表达主题句和总结句。
此外，在每个段落之间，作者可以使用过渡句或连接词来帮助读者理解整体的论证脉络。
此外，作者还可以在论文中引入一些反驳观点和反驳论据，以增强自己的论证力度。
通过引入反驳观点，作者可以展示自己对于其他观点的了解和理解，并通过辩论来证明自己观点的合理性和正确性。
这样可以使整篇论文更加有说服力和可信度。
最后，在结论部分，作者可以对整个论文的研究成果进行总结和评价。
作者可以回顾自己的研究目标和研究方法，并解释自己的研究对于该领域的贡献。
此外，作者还可以提出一些进一步的研究方向或问题，以鼓励读者在该主题上的进一步深入研究。
总之，尽管该篇毕业论文已经具备一定的优点，但仍有一些修改和改进的地方。
通过对引言部分进行修改，更好地组织论据和结构，引入反驳观点以及在结论部分进行总结和评价，作者可以进一步提高论文的质量和说服力。
论文修改情况汇报
论文修改情况汇报
最近，我对论文进行了一些修改，现在我来汇报一下具体情况。
首先，我对论文的结构进行了一些调整。
在修改前，论文结构较为混乱，各个
部分之间缺乏连贯性。
因此，我重新梳理了论文的结构，使得每个部分之间逻辑关系更加清晰，整体结构更加紧凑。
其次，我对论文的论证部分进行了补充和修正。
在修改前，论文的论证部分存
在一些逻辑漏洞和论据不足的情况，因此我查找了更多的相关资料，对论文的论证部分进行了充实和修正，使得论文的观点更加有说服力。
另外，我还对论文的语言表达进行了精细化修改。
在修改前，论文的语言表达
较为啰嗦，使用了大量的冗长句子和词藻华丽的词语，使得读者阅读起来感到疲惫。
因此，我对论文的语言进行了精简和优化，使得论文的表达更加清晰、简洁，让读者能够更好地理解论文的内容。
最后，我对论文的格式和排版进行了统一和规范化的处理。
在修改前，论文的
格式和排版存在一些不规范的地方，如字体大小不一致、标点符号使用不当等问题。
因此，我对论文的格式和排版进行了统一的处理，使得整篇论文看起来更加整洁、美观。
总的来说，通过这次修改，我对论文的结构、论证、语言表达和格式排版等方
面进行了全面的修正和优化，使得论文的质量得到了显著提升。
希望经过这次修改后的论文能够更好地符合要求，得到更好的评价。
毕业论文怎么修改
毕业论文怎么修改
要修改一篇700字的毕业论文，可以从以下几个方面进行考虑和修改：
1.结构调整：检查论文的结构是否合理，各个部分是否有逻辑性和前后衔接性。
可以根据需要进行增删调整，使整篇论文的结构更加紧凑和有说服力。
2.语言修饰：检查论文中的表达是否准确、清晰、简洁。
可以适当修改措辞，使用更具有学术规范和准确性的词汇，删减冗长的句子和修饰成分，使论文更加精炼。
3.逻辑推理：检查论文的论证过程是否清晰合理，推理是否有误。
可以重新组织论文中的论点和证据，增加逻辑连接词、转折词、推理词等，使整篇论文推理过程更加连贯和有力。
4.数据分析：对于涉及到数据分析的部分，要仔细检查数据的来源和处理过程，确保数据分析的准确性，逻辑清晰。
可以对数据进行图表化处理，以增加论文的科学性和直观性。
5.引用检查：检查论文中的引用是否准确、完整，是否符合学术规范。
如果有需要，可以添加更多的引用来支持论点，同时删除不必要的引用。
6.标点和语法：仔细检查论文中的标点符号和语法错误，修改错误的用法和不准确的表达，提高论文的语言质量和书写规范性。
需要注意的是，修改论文时要注意保留作者的原意和观点，不要改变论文的核心思想。
同时，要尊重学术道德要求，确保修改过程符合学术规范和诚信原则。
此外，可以请教导师或其他专业人士进行修改建议，以得到更多的专业指导。
论文修改版前后对比(最新)
序号
修订前
修订后
1
GB7713-87《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》
新标准GB/T 7713.1-2006《学位论文编写规则》
2
GB7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》
新标准GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》
3
不要求撰写学术诚信声明、版权使用授权书
页眉左边打印“上海工程技术大学毕业设计（论文）”，采用四号宋体字；页眉右边打印题目，采用小五号宋体字。
7
目录中标号和汉字均为宋体四号字。
目录中标号和汉字均为宋体小四号字。
8
一级标题，宋体加粗小三号字。
一级标题，宋体加粗四号字。
9
二级标题，宋体加粗四号字。
二级标题，宋体加粗小四号字。
10
三级标题，宋体加粗四号字。
三级标题，宋体加粗小四号字。
11
图名和图号：宋体小四号字。
图名和图号：宋体五号字。
12
表名和表号：宋体小四号字。
表名和表号：宋体五号字。
增加学术诚信声明、版权使用授权书相关内容。
4
目录有“译文”和“原文说明”，论文主体部分英文翻译的相关部分
目录删除“译文”和“原文说明”，英语翻译相关部分（英文翻译和英文原文）不装订论文主体部分，与开题报告或文献综述同等归档。
正文采用四号宋体字。
正文采用小四号宋体字。
6
页眉左边打印“上海工程技术大学毕业设计（论文）”，采用三号宋体字；页眉右边打印题目，采用五号宋体字。
论文正文修改(改)
IntroductionBecky Sharp, also called Rebecca, is the central figure and the most vivid character in Vanity Fair. The one great thing about Vanity Fair is that no one is a real good person or a real bad person. There is no definition about what is a good person or bad person. Different readers can hold different opinions about the characters in this novel.Most reviews of Rebecca‟s character express the traditional opinion: Rebecca is shrewd and unscrupulous as a speculator. According to this paper, Rebecca can be considered as a path-breaker: She is a wise woman, and is skilled in communication, and has a genius of dealing with all kinds of person. Dissatisfied by her prospective life as a governess, Becky Sharp intends to escape her low birth and scale the ranks of English society by some necessary means. Finally she succeeds in thrusting into the high-rank society.Vanity Fair is the best novel by Thackeray. Thackeray describes a portrait ranging from the servants to the highest levels of fashionable society in Vanity Fair. This novel is a story of two young women‟s life experiences. The story is about how their lives converge, diverge and run parallel to each other. This story traces their marriages, the change of their social and financial status, the different circles in which they move, and their different characters. It mainly describes the highly intelligent but lower class woman. In the novel Rebecca tries many kinds of tactics to establish herself in respectable English society, even though she is despised by noble ladies. The narrator's opinion toward characters in this novel is ambiguous. Thackeray subtitles Vanity Fair─ “A novel without a hero” and he uses the novel to show that there are no heroes or heroines.Becky Sharp is the most charmin g and beautiful woman “in the fame and fortune field “. In order to enter the upper circles of society, she pursues money and power and even has a strong desire of materials in order to live a luxury life, she does not hesitate to exhaust own intelligence and ability, she resorts to all means to curry favor with powerful people, four sides fawns on. She has brought a huge pain for the people who live around her. However, from the time with her social position and the bitter experience, she is a victim with no doubt. But simultaneously we may also see that she is not only very active but also has a strong vitality in life. Moreover in the special social environment, although she is in a weak situation, she is not pessimisticto her life, she is a determined person. She is seeking the way to attack society by individual ability. She not only maintained the feminine self-esteem but also used the ingenious utilization in fame and fortune field to follow the rule, she has kept the explicit goal and never says give up; she has controlled the society by the special way, ended in a success. She is also the feminism pioneer. This article will carry on the analysis from the pro and con aspects to portray the characteristics and demonstrate feminine situation and society's original appearance in the Victoria time.ChapterⅠ. Becky Sharp as a SpeculatorIn most reader‟s eyes, Rebecca is a merciless social climber. She abandons her child, whom she hates, and has destroyed Rawdon.She wins over Mr. Sedley by laughing at his jokes with a cordiality and perseverance which not a little pleases and softens that good-natured gentleman. Miss Sharp‟s show of the deepest sympathy in the raspberry-jam preserving endears Mrs. Blenkinsop.She appears humble and pure, and is quiet and much interested in a man‟s interests. Down the stairs then they went ─Joseph very red and blushing, Rebecca very modest and holding her green eyes downwards. She was dressed in white, with bare shoulders as white as snow─the picture of gentle unprotected innocence, and humble virgin simplicity. “I must be very quiet,”thought Rebecca, “and very much interested about India”.①She appears cool and uninterested. She makes others call her first when she communicates with others. Even though three days pass until Joseph makes a second visit, Rebecca never mentions his name. This action shows her feigned respect for Mrs. Sedley and prevents the household from discovering her plans. When Joseph finally has the courage to visit, the ingenious woman does not miss the chance. She uses one of Amelia‟s drawings as a pretext to pretend grieving. Her performance gets the sympathy and favor of Mrs. Sedley, and an extended stay at the Sedley‟s. She also wins over his family and friends along with the household help.At the beginning of the fourth chapter, the writer narrates Rebecca‟s con quest of both “the Servant's Hall” and “the Drawing Room”. She conquers Joseph‟s mother by showing affection and loyalty to Amelia. One day Amelia had a headache and couldnot go upon some party of pleasure to which the two young people (Amelia and Rebecca) were invited, nothing would induce her friend to go without her. “What! You have shown the poor orphan what happiness and love are for the first time in her life ─quit you? Never!”and the green eyes looked up to heaven and filled with tears, and Mrs. Sedley could not but own that her daughter's friend had a charming kind heart of her own.②Struggling in the Vanity Fair night and day, Rebecca has little time to be a wife or a mother. When her son is born, the working mother places him out at nurse in a village in the neighborhood of Paris, where little Rawdon passes the first months of his life, not unhappily, with a numerous family of foster-brothers in wooden shoes.When Becky Sharp is entering the fame and fortune field, she shows up her independence by her family, then in the novel ending, she also is an independent female in the economy and politics completely; She finally succeeded. The writer also uses the a ppreciation way of writing style to write. “She not only has large properties, but "her warm-hearted on religious profession, go to the church frequently, and followed by several allendants. In all big charity name lists, always can meet her name.”i At the charity bazaar meeting, she always has the share she is a successful women. At last Becky Sharp is alone, it does not predicate that her struggle is nothing and valueless, but it symbolizes her independence and the revolt success. Because at that time marriage in England originally was not based on love. The female in the family nearly was the slave, then she worked to get rid of the name of a slave, and live an independent life, and she has a position in the upper class society, how could we say that she was the loser and did not obtain anything. Becky Sharp becomes a beautiful star in the upper circles of society, socializes all day long in the aristocrat society's debauchery, Lord Steyne also prostrates himself under Becky Sharp pomegranate skirt. To thi s, Becky Sharp finally becomes the “the social butterfly” in the upper class of the society and arrives her life‟s highest peak. It can be said that, this moment the mainly body of desire has been satisfied, and get more and more closer to her ideal status of herself.ChapterⅡ. Becky Sharp as an Ambitious WomanBecky’s friend─Amelia’s goodness and purity helps to contrast with Becky’s ambition. Beckey ruthlessly takes advantage of many people’s generosity.First, she makes her plan for Joseph Sedley, the unattractive but rich old brother of her best friend, Amelia. She reveals her true nature. When she and Amelia get to Russell Square from Chiswick, Rebecca throws Miss Jemima's gift out of the carriage, wishes to see Miss Pinkerton‟s dead body floating in the river, pledges a llegiance to the Napoleon Bonaparte, and advocates revenge. Once she learns that Joseph is in bachelorhood, she suddenly changes her behavior obviously. Even Amelia notices it. Amelia‟s r eaction teaches Becky an important lesson. “I think you must have had enough of them at Chiswick,”said Amelia rather wondering at the sudden tenderness on her friend's part ─indeed in later days Miss Sharp would never have committed herself so far as to advance opinions the untruth of which would have been so easily detected. But we must remember that she is but nineteen as yet ─unused to the art of deceiving, poor innocent creature! And making her own experience in her own person.③Rebecca could use her tactics wonderfully, but George and Amelia‟s presence prevents Joseph from proposing to Rebecca twice in one night. If Mr. and Mrs. Osbourne hadn‟t returned from the drawing room, Joseph would have finished “one of the most eloquent speeches possible.”Like skaters, Becky Sharp learns how to skate on life‟s surfaces rel atively early. She charms tradesman into the granting of one meal more and keeps her father‟s creditors away from their house. When she becomes a prisoner in Chiswick, her hobby turns into professional action. She is skilled in social intercourse. Her natural beauty and charm, the social and educational knowledge she learns from Chiswick, and the experience she receives from “her little misadventure with Joseph Sedley” make her a skilled woman. She is so dedicated to her intension, so hungry for glory that she never gives up skating.Next, when at the Crawley‟s, she begins her program. And now being received as a member of the amiable family . . ., it became naturally Rebecca‟s duty to make herself, as she said, agreeable to her benefactors, and to gain their confidence to the utmost of her power. . .④So she wisely determines to render her position with the Queen‟s Crawley family comfortable and secure, and to this end resolves to make friends of every one around her who could at all interfere with her comf ort. As she does in the Sedley‟s household, she captivates everyone in and anyone near Queen‟s Crawley. She carries favor with the ugly and uncouth landowner, Sir Pitt Crawley, and his rich aunt, Miss Crawley.She arranges properly for her pupils, and meet s Mr. Crawley‟s favor with the activities properly. With the young girls whose applause she thoroughly gained, her method is simple. She dose not give too much learning.She also expresses admiration of his speech and interest in Sir Pitt Crawley‟s malt pamphlets. Rebecca earns his fondness by becoming his industrious secretary. When she learns that Rawdon, a dandy of the Crawley family, who is Miss Crawley‟s favorite nephew, and will inherit from his wealthy aunt, she tries to charm him. Becky is attracted to Rawdon and is more flexible than Rawdon. But because she appears to overreach herself, she takes the false activity. She marries Rawdon secretly and makes Sir Pitt and Miss Crawley angry at their marriage. Once again, Becky is forced to concoct a new scheme to create wealth and advance her social status. She forces herself into higher and higher social circles, using her sexuality and quick wit to beat men. Time and time again she wins over the crowd and captivates the snobbish upper crest.She considers Rawdon as an upper servant more than a husband, orders him to run her errands and makes him leave whenever her audience arrives. In the midst of these intrigues and fine parties and wise and brilliant personages Rawdon feels himself more and more isolated every day. He is allowed to go to the club more, to dine abroad with bachelor friends, to come and go when he likes, without any questions being asked. Rawdon believes the superior intelligence of his wife justifies his servility.When she and Rawdon live without anything for a year, Rebecca copes with the creditors cleverly. It is she who starts the rumor that Rawdon has inherited from his aunt, and thereby gets out of Paris without paying any debts, since she has ordered a newly decorated apartment against her return. It is she who settles for a percentage of Rawdon‟s debts in England, so that he may return to London for a fresh start.Becky Sharp has the intense of self-respect; she does not endure in the female school, and always unceasingly provokes, revolts by a great show of her talents. But she changes the revolt way of fighting with what she did not agree after she left the school. Becky Sharp is the person beneficially interesting. Not only can she hold man's psychological weakness, she also can ask for the needs of the woman's favor. When being the tutor in the Crowe Lai‟s home, she was the hostess while the host was not home, she still did not lose the good manner to the hostess. And very quickly she conquered Miss Crowe who has the property of Lai. “Once she was the most headache person to Principal Pinkerton who is kindhearted, good temper. No matterwhat you did she is always not got angry. Anyone can‟t believe that good principal give the big benefits to Becky Sharp secretly.”ii Of course, Becky Sharp changes the ways of struggle in order to achieve her life…s goal, asks for old woman's favor to consolidate own status. Let her accept herself to become one of property successors. But in front of the benefit, with her deeply understanding to the society, she knows clearly about that Miss Crowe Lai takes her as a lower people or we may say she takes her as a servant, but for affluent property, she performs as gentle as she can and try to be a kind hearted person. She also can endure humiliation nothing can prevent her determination from being a member of the upper class.Chapter Ⅲ. Becky Sharp as a Path-breakerIn fact, Becky has one determination to carve out a place for herself in Vanity Fair. In the western society today, the top class enjoys great prosperity and all the priority that come with power and prestige. Their prestiges are all around us: VIP lounges, exclusive hotels, and luxurious mansions. The wealthy people looked down on the poor people. They even say they can get away from some crimes because they can afford the best lawyers who belong to the same clubs as they do. People on the top know that the engine drives those on the bottom to climb is envy. Common people envy all of these prosperities. Common people assume that material success will make them truly free and happy. And everybody else wants to join the upper class‟s ranks. So the actions of Rebecca are normal, they cannot be considered as speculation.She finally obtains the “happiness” she strives for since the beginning of her career. Becky feels as if she can bless the people out of the carriage windows, so elated is she in spirit, and so strong a sense has she of the dignified position which she has at last attained in life. The happiness ─the superior advantages of the young women round her give Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy. Happiness to a seventeen-year old girl is the envy of other young women, material possessions, and the adoration of young boys. The boredom and dissatisfaction Rebecca feels at the acme of her career show that this definition of happiness falls short for an older woman. As Becky gains more of the externals which are the object of her conscious desires ─material luxury, status, the fashionable diversions of balls and suppers, even the appearance of respectability ─she becomes less and less satisfied.1. A woman of lower classBecky is born with no social status, but in a society that rank and wealth are valuable. She makes her way to the highest levels of society through her own resources, with determination, intelligence, hard work, and talent and resourceful mind. At the same time, she constantly makes use of others. Though some of her behaviors seem immorally, as the story progresses, many readers still feel her attraction.If you know that Rebecca has suffered humiliation at the hands of poverty, but still she has the lust for life and an amazing energy, you may tend to forgive her everything. Born into poverty with a modest pedigree, Sharp does not have much to hope for. She is raised and educated in an orphanage, and has an inordinate talent for music and language, like her mother who was a French Opera singer. Forced to create her own future, she does so by impressing every person whom she encounters, hoping that somehow she will wind up marrying into stature and wealth. Despite some of her actions, you still like her.2 .A woman of intelligenceIngenious Rebecca invents a glory ancestry for herself, and she act modesty, simplicity, gentleness, and good humor. She marries Rawdon secretly, and then survives somehow from an unfortunate event, and comes across Joseph in European, who is finally able to ease his passage out of this world to the extent that he leaves half his money to her in his will.Rebecca is a gifted woman. She is fond of music, piano and singing. She can sketch, talk French like a native, dance, act and mimic. Not only her physical charm but also her wit has attracted Lord Steyne. Even when he realizes she is outwitting him, he also loves her. The more money she gets out of him, the more amused he is, until the day when Rawdon comes across the two of them. Her character as path breaking is her outstanding characteristic. And she enjoys the battle. In a letter to Amelia, after Becky has gone to Queen‟s Crawley, she says, “At least I shall be amongst gentle folks—and not with vulgar city people.” This joke refers to both the Sedleys and the Osbornes because George has blocked her marriage with Joseph Sedley. S he continues, “You might lodge all the people in Russell Square in the house,I think, and have space to spare.” ⑤She also has a good sense of humor. Though Rebecca would have liked to choke old Sedley after the chili prank, she swallows her mortification as well as she has the abominable curry before it instead. This wins her points with Mr. Sedley and providesher a chance to use against Joseph later.Amelia‟s bad-luck and suffering also make a sharp contrast with Becky‟s ability to drift through life injury and the effects of her flexible actions . She is glittery of beauty, wit, and determination. Unwilling to live in the present moment in the class in which she is born, Becky wants to explore her future. Nine years later, Becky Sharp has just graduated from Miss Pinkerton‟s Academy and is going to the home of her best friend Amelia Sedley before taking a job as a governess. When the snobbish headmaster of the Academy asks Becky whether she is ready to leave, she responds in fluent French, “Every slave wants to escape if he can, you stupid cow.” The mistress doesn‟t understand, and then Becky throws the gift of a dictionary out the window of the coach. Amelia Sedley is shocked at this unconventional behavior. At a party, Becky meets Amelia‟s fiancé, Georg e Osborne, a dashing and self-absorbed soldier. She immediately sees through him and realizes that he is not the right man for her friend. Meanwhile, she flirts with Joseph, Amelia‟s brother, a civil servant in India, who gives her a precious bird. However, George warns him not to marry Becky, pointing out she was not well born and will never fit in with the other wives at the club. Amelia‟s mother has an even lower impression of Becky: “I had thought her only a social climber. I see now she is a mountainee r.” Becky, however, is a very confident young woman, not easily discouraged. Although she has been employed to teach Pitt Crawley‟s children, she has bigger plans in that place. Rawdon Crawley, Pitt‟s handsome son who is a soldier, is quite attracted by Be cky and sees that she is different from other women he has known. She also makes good impression to Aunt Matilda who appreciates her wit. She tells Becky, “Oh, my dear girl, with a decent position, you could put the world on a leash,” then invites her to l ive with her in London. But Becky‟s rising hopes about attaining social status fails when Aunt Matilda turns against her after she marries Rawdon, whose chief source of income is gambling. Like many person today who earnest desire to be part of the top class, Becky is determined to break through the barriers and achieve the status and the position of high society. There she discovers a far different world than she imagined.These words are the writer‟s comments about the early days of Becky‟s marriage and t he writer‟s attitude toward her successful efforts in pleasing Rawdon and hiding her opinion of his abilities. The best of women (I have heard my grandmother say) are hypocrites. We don’t know how much they hide from us; how watchful they are when they seem most artless and confidential; how often those frank smiles which they wear so easily, are traps to cajole or elude or disarm ─I don’t mean in your merecoquettes, but your domestic models, and paragons of female virtue. Who has not seen a woman hide the dullness of a stupid husband, or coax the fury of a savage one? We accept this amiable slavishness, and praise a woman for it: we call this pretty treachery truth. A good housewife is of necessity a humbug; and Cornelia's husband was hoodwinked, as Potiphar was ─only in a different way .⑥3 .A woman of conscienceShe isn‟t merciless. On the contrary, Rebecca has been the one wh o jolts Amelia into recognition that George, her first love, is not worthy. It is she who brings Amelia to her senses, and who realizes that the one true gentleman in the whole of Vanity Fair is Dobbin. After eavesdropping on William‟s talk with Amelia, Be cky says to herself: “What a noble heart that man has, and how shamefully that woman plays with it . . . if I could have had such a husband as that—a man with a heart and brains too! I would not have minded his large feet . . .”Rebecca determines to help William's cause with Amelia. For once she acts unselfishly. When she has destroyed the memory of George for Amelia, she comforts and kisses her, a "rare mark of sympathy with Mrs. Becky." Rebecca also protects Amelia from the two ruffian friends who follow Rebecca and are intent on exploiting Amelia.The Bareacres family snub Amelia even as they accept her hospitality, and it is Becky who repays them, first by selling her horses at a high price, then by slanging Lady Bareacres about the diamonds sewn into her clothes, and finally by remarking on the episode, innocently, at a ball where everyone present knows the event.When Rebecca lives fairly well, she does charity for the rest of her life. She is not severely punished by Thackeray. Sometimes Becky seems not have love, but she is still surviving. This, according to Thackeray, is realism.Becky does not appear to have any sense that what she does is wrong, she doesn‟t intend to hurt people and sometimes destroys their lives as she climbs to social respectability. Perhaps her marriage to Rawdon is a love match after all, and not part of her grand plans. And they appear to be happy together for several years, successfully live on nothing a year through Rawdon‟s hustling at cards and their mutual willingness to run up huge debts and escape from hotels without paying. Their happiness is briefly interrupted by the Battle of Waterloo, but finally Becky decides to try again with the Crawley family when Sir Pitt dies. As usual, she succeeds in her plan and she with Rawdon run off again. So Becky attempts to charmthe unattractive but posts Lord Steyne. She doesn‟t hurry to get him out of debtor‟s tangle when one of his creditors finally catches up with him, perhaps she is really making a program for Rawdon, a governorship in the West Indies, a secret until the time is right. Maybe it is a sensible precaution to hide money from her gambling husband.4. A woman of self-respectRebecca follows the philosophy: “to get on, and be respected, and have a virtuous character in Vanity Fair”. Her rejection of the dictionary from Miss Jemima is understandable, because she has suffered humiliation at the hands of poverty, and holds nobleman in abomination.And we see that she is excited with the knocking down of Lord Steyne. We understand that it gives her a satisfaction to see Steyne lays low. Steyne ─this is the man who has treated her as a toy. She needn’t to sell herself.These words mentioned above also show her Self-respection: The Bareacres family snub Amelia even as they accept her hospitality, and it is Becky who repays them, first by selling her horses at an high price, then by slanging Lady Bareacres about the diamonds sewn into her clothes, and finally by remarking on the episode, innocently, at a ball where everyone present knows the event.Becky has much more appeal than Amelia for most readers. The famous little Becky Puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, and lively on the wire; the Amelia Doll, though it has had a smaller circle of admirers, has yet been carved and dressed with the greatest care by the artist... ⑦At the end of the book Rebecca has the money necessary to live in Vanity Fair. She appears to be respectable. Finally Becky succeeds in establishing herself in Vanity Fair. She conquers rigid social class lines so that eventually she is able to mingle with the English aristocracy.ConclusionThis paper discusses the most important hero of Vanity Fair─Rebecca as a speculator, as an ambitious woman and as a path-breaker. Because no one in this novel is a real good person or a real bad person, Becky Sharp can be considered as the champion path-br eaker of William Makepeace Thackeray‟s Vanity Fair. Becky, a lower class woman, is born with no social status, but in a society that rank and wealth are valuable. So she has to make her way to the highest levels of society through her intelligence, her ambition and self-respection.Becky Sharp or Rebecca, and her method she makes use of people in her efforts to try hard in the world and acquire the vanities─those luxuries that the people in the novel find so essential. Thackeray sets his novel in an age just of his own, which witnesses the birth of the industrial revolution, and new class of rich individual, the industrialist to compete for power with the old class and the country landowner. Or the writer wanted to counterpoint the pursuit of money with the pursuit of glory on the battlefield.The novel Vanity Fair describes Becky‟s path to wealth and prestige. She has innate talents, and wins much acclaim throughout her career. All these makings of her construct her character as a successful path-breaker instead of a speculator.Notes1. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:292. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:343. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fai r [Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:344. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fai r [Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:955. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:1416. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:2087. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press, Oxford University Press, 1994:106Bibliography[1]Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair[Z].Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1994[2]刘洊波.Selected Readings in British and American literature[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2005.155-162[3] 龚北芳. 蓓基•夏泼形象新解读.齐齐哈尔大学学报[J].2004(9).80[4]何树；苏友芬.英国文学导读与应试指南[M].上海:上海世界图书出版公司.2005.175-178[5]刘炳善.英国文学简史[M].郑州：河南人民出版社.2005.364-371[6]张生珍. 剖析《名利场》中蓓基的另一面[J]. 甘肃：甘肃教育学院学报(社会科学版), 2001, (04).[7]林青. 试析蓓基•夏泼的性格特征[J]. 武汉：武汉冶金管理干部学院学报, 2007, (02).[8]王新春,李沙沙.《名利场》的人物分析及主题思想[J]. 黑龙江：黑龙江教育学院学报, 2005, (01).[9]孙宗广. 自卑与补偿——对《名利场》中两个形象的心理学解读[J]. 苏州：苏州教育学院学报, 2004, (04).[10] 郭慧香.《名利场》中蓓基·夏泼形象浅析[J]. 新乡：新乡师范高等专科学校学报, 2005, (04).。
论文修改稿
西南政法大学本科毕业论文题目：The Culture Gap of International Trade Translation and Its Solutions外语学院法律经贸专业2011 级 5 班学号2011081287姓名罗曼指导教师评阅教师评阅成绩答辩成绩完成日期年月诚信声明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的毕业论文，是在导师指导下独立研究取得的成果。
毕业论文中凡引用他人已经发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。
除文中已注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已发表的论文。
若有抄袭，愿承担法律责任。
特此声明完成人签名：年月日评阅教师评语：评阅教师签名：20年月日Contents摘要 (1)Ab stract (2)1.Introduction (3)2.Theoretical Framework (4)2.1.Chinese and Western Central Translation Principles (4)2.2.Translation Principles Applied to Trade (4)3.Cultural gap (5)3.1.Definition of Cultural Gap (5)3.2.Categories of Cultural Gap (6)4.Conflicts and Misunderstanding in Real Cases (7)ck of Cultural Knowledge in Real Cases (7)4.2.Conflicts of Breaking Translation Principle (7)ck of Words Meaning in Target Country (8)5.S ol u ti ons (9)5.1.Studying the True Meaning of Words (9)5.2.Accumulation of Cultural Knowledge in Target Country (9)5.3.Specific Translation Methods (10)6.Co n cl u s i on (10)摘要在当今世界的新形势下，国际间的贸易交流越来越受到重视，因为它对不同国家的企业的发展产生的不可或缺的影响力，并从而推动国家经济的发展。
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浅谈英语教学中的文化教学
1 语言和文化背景的关系
语言是文化最重要的载体，是反映民族文化的一面镜子，它深深烙着民族政治、历史、文化、习俗的印痕。
透过一个民族的语言，人们可以了解到该民族的风俗习惯、生活方式、思维特点等人文特征。
语言是一种工具，它以口头交流和书面交流的方式推动着本民族文化的发展和各民族间文化的交融，而语言交际的开展又始终受到文化的影响和制约。
在语言的各要素中，词汇是基本要素，因文化差异在词汇表现层面上必然有所体现，反之对词汇的解释也必然体现民族或文化差异。
语言与文化的关系决定了语言学习必须要重视文化因素，文化是语言使用的必要语境。
语言与文化的差异归根到底是由民族心理差异造成的。
同时，语言和文化是不断发展的。
注意文化间的类同和差异，顺应文化融合的大趋势，有助于语言的学习和使用。
2 中西方文化的差异
学习外语，不光要掌握其语言，还要深刻理解掌握与语言使用密切相关的社会文化因素。
语言与文化密不可分，只有具备了较高的文化素养，学习者才能深层去理解和掌握语言，从而有效的运用语言进行交际。
因此，在中学英语教学中，教师在传授英语语言技能的同时，应该重视和传播英语文化背景知识，这样才能提高学生的语言理解能力和跨文化交际能力。
但在学习的过程中，由于学生缺乏相应的阅历背景知识和语言文化背景知识，学习和理解的障碍也随之突显。
2．1 言谈的差异
在中国，对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。
但对西方人的健康表示关心，就不能按中国的传统方式了。
一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后，会关切地说“you should go to see a doctor！（你应该到医院看看）。
”不料，这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。
因为在这位教师看来，有病看医生这种简单的事情连小孩都知道，用不着任何人来指教。
如果就某种小事给人以忠告，那显然是对其能力的怀疑，从而大大伤害其自尊心。
中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。
因西方人认为：客人吃多吃少完全由自己决定，用不着主人为他加菜添酒，而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情，因此客人吃饭后，主人不必劝他再吃。
一位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他夹菜很不安，事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待。
” 中国人路遇熟人时，往往会无所顾忌地说：“啊呀，老兄，你近来又发福了！”或者以关切的口吻说：“老兄，你又瘦了，要注意身体啊！”而西方人若听你说“you are fat（你胖了）”或“you are so thin（你又瘦了)”, 即使比较熟悉，也会感到尴尬和难以作答。
2．2 价值观的差异
文化的不同带来价值观念的在不相同。
如old一词，中国人历来就有“尊老敬老”的传统。
“老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念，如老祖宗，老爷爷，老先生等。
“老张”，“老王”，透着尊敬和亲热，“张老”“王老”更是尊崇有加。
中国人往往以年龄大为荣。
和别人谈话时，年龄越大，资格越老，也就越会得到别人的尊敬。
“姜还是老的辣”。
在我们看来，长者不仅是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。
然而，西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称“old”。
在他们看来，“old”是“不中用”的代名词，是和“不合潮流”“老而无用”的含义连在一起的。
英美人不喜欢别人说自己老，更不会倚老卖老。
在西方文化中，他们把年龄作为个人极为重要的隐私看待。
尤其是女士，更忌讳别人问自己的年龄。
即使愿意谈论自己的年龄，也要别人猜测其年龄，而此时，他们的真正目的的期望别人恭维他们看上去比实际年龄小，是多么年轻。
西方人崇拜个人奋斗，尤其为个人取得的成就自豪，从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感，以及在获得成就后的狂喜。
相反，中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉，而是提倡谦虚。
中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂，然而中国式的自我谦虚或自
我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。
“Your English is very good（你的英文很好）,” “No, no, my English is very poor（不，我的英文很差）”；“You’ve done a very good job（你的工作做的很好）,” “No, I don't thi nk so. It's the result of joint efforts（不，这是大家共同努力得结果）.” 这种谦虚，在西方人看来，不仅否定了自己，还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。
这种中国式的谦虚在资本主义的竞争市场是行不通的。
2．3 社会礼仪的差异
中国人见面喜欢问对方姓名、年龄、单位及收入等。
而西方人很讨厌人家问及年龄与收入等个人私事。
中国人路遇熟人总爱寒暄道：“吃饭了吗？”“到哪儿去？”“上班呀？”等。
在我们看来这是一种有礼貌的打招呼用语，而若你跟西方人这样打招呼“Have you had y our meal（吃过饭了么）？” “Where are you going （你去哪儿啊）？”他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事，会引起误解。
西方人见面，通常招呼道：“Hello（嗨）！” “How do you do（你好）！”“Nice day, isn't it（今天天气很好，不是么）？”对于别人的赞扬，中国人通常表示谦虚，并有一套谦虚之词，像“惭愧”、“哪里”、“寒舍”、“拙文”等。
而西方人总是高兴地回答“thank you（谢谢）”以表接受。
中国人用“谢谢”的场合较西方人少，尤其是非常亲近的朋友和家庭成员之间不常说“谢谢。
”而西方人整天把“thank you”挂在嘴边，即使是亲朋好友和家庭成员之间也常如此。
中国人收到礼物时往往放在一边，看也不看（生怕人家说贪心）。
而西方人收到礼物时要当着客人的面马上打开并连声称好。
中国人殷勤好客，一杯杯地斟酒，一遍遍地上菜，客人不吃不行，不喝也不行，使西方人觉得难以对付。
而西方人的习惯是：Help yourself，Please （请随便用）！中国人送客人时，主人与客人常说：“慢走！”“小心点！”“再见，走好啊！”“你们进去吧！”“请留步”等。
而西方人只说：“B ye Bye（再见）！” “See you next time（下次见）！” “Good night（晚安）！”。