不定式的特殊用法小结
不定式的特殊用法
▪不定式的用法1、不定式作主语例如：To remember this is very important.注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。
例如：It is very important to remember this.2、不定式作表语例如：He seems to be ill.注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem,appear,prove等系动词之后的不定式（尤其是tobe），二是像My job is to sweep the floor.这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如：You are to come when I call.3、不定式作宾语例如：I can not afford to buy a car.注意：①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but,except）的宾语例如：I had no choice but to wait.②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.4、不定式作宾语补足语例如：Who taught you to drive?5、不定式作定语例如：I have a question to ask you.注意：有的名词（如way,chance,right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth.如：It is the best way to do(ofdoing)it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth.▪attempt courage decision effort for tune failure in vitation wish6、不定式作状语例如：I went to France to learn French.▪不定式的完成式▪完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。
不定式的用法总结
3) feel, find, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是 不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(或是名词)，常用it作形式宾 语，把真正宾语置于补语之后,以免宾语太长使句子显得不 协调。把真正的宾语即不定式后移。
三. 不定式的时态： 1.一般时表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的
动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。 He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2. 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。
The policeman saw a child play in the street. Don’t make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here? 但是, 改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的to。
The policeman saw a child play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.
4. 作表语 不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容（具体动作或将来动作）; 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 His dream is to be a doctor. 我的工作是帮助病人。 My job is to help the patient
5. 作定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往 表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.
动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
1、作主语· To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
· To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
· To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。
上面的句子可以改为：· It is hard to be a doctor. · It is not easy to learn English w ell. · It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
· It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
· It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
2、作表语在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
· My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
· Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
英语语法学习：动词不定式用法的9个知识要点集锦
英语语法学习：动词不定式用法的9个知识要点集锦
1. 不定式的形式：
基本形式：“to+动原”
否定形式：“to”前加“not”
疑问形式：“疑问词+to+动原”
被动形式：“to be +过去分词”
完成形式：“to have +过去分词”
关于以上形式的例句：
It began to rain.
Tell him not to come.
What to do is still unknow
I never expect my bike to be found.
Tom seems to have finished his work.
注意，不定式都有“将要做”的暗示，但是在不定式的完成式中，却是“已经做了”。
2. 不定式的功能：
动词不定式可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但也有动词的特征,后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
不定式的功能：
To see is to believe. (作主语和表语）。
动词不定式的常见用法
动词不定式的常见用法动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它具有多种常见的用法，在句子中发挥着不同的作用。
下面就让我们一起来详细了解一下动词不定式的常见用法。
首先，动词不定式可以用作主语。
当我们想要表达一个动作或者情况是某个句子的主题时，就可以使用动词不定式作主语。
例如，“To learn a new language is not easy”（学习一门新语言不容易。
）在这个句子中，“To learn a new language”就是主语，表示“学习一门新语言”这个动作。
需要注意的是，由于动词不定式作主语时，句子可能会显得头重脚轻，所以为了保持句子平衡，经常会使用形式主语“it”，将真正的主语后置，变成“It is not easy to learn a new language”其次，动词不定式能够用作宾语。
有些动词后面需要接动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类动词有“want”（想要）、“hope”（希望）、“decide”（决定）、“plan”（计划）等等。
比如，“I want to go shopping”（我想去购物。
）“She hopes to visit her grandparents next week”（她希望下周去看望她的祖父母。
）再者，动词不定式还可以充当宾语补足语。
宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征的。
常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有“ask”（要求）、“tell”（告诉）、“want”（想要）、“allow”（允许）等。
例如，“The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time”（老师要求我们按时完成作业。
）“My moth er allows me to watch TVfor an hour”（我妈妈允许我看一个小时的电视。
）另外，动词不定式可用作定语。
它通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，用来对其进行修饰或限定。
(完整版)非谓语动词(不定式)的用法
非谓语动词（动词不定式的具体用法）Step1. 动词不定式的3大语法功能（1）不定式可充当主语，宾语，表语，具有名词的功能.（2）不定式可充当后置定语或宾语补足语，具有形容词的功能.（3）不定式可充当状语，具有副词的功能..Step2.不定式的构成，即：“不定式符号to+动词原形”.Step3. 不定式的否定式，否定词一定放在不定式符号之前，即：“not/never+不定式+动词原形.一，不定式作主语的用法.特点：“to+动词原形”所形成的形式具有名词功能.名词可在句中充当主语，宾语或者表语，同理，不定式也有相同的功能.1. 不定式作主语的特点：（1）可以表示一种意愿或未完成的事.（2）谓语动词用单数.E g: To win the championship is my ambition.主语系动词表语译文：赢得冠军是我的雄心.E g: To master a foreign language is necessary.主语系动词表语译文：掌握一门外语是有必要的.E g: To become President of the United States used to be my goal.主语谓语宾语译文：过去我的梦想是成为美国总统2. 不定式作主语时，be动词之后的表语若是名词，一定是表示意愿，目的，企图等名词，用来表示尚未完成的事情.常见的此类名词有：plan（计划）, purpose（目的）,attempt（企图）,goal（目标）, aim（目的）, ambition（雄心）,dream（梦想）, ideal（理想）, wish（希望/愿望）,hope（希望）, decision（决定）,determination （决定）,proposal（提议/建议）.E g: To speak perfect English is always my dream主语系动词表语译文：说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想.3. 由于不定式短语作主语，显得主语过长，为了避免头重脚轻，达到句子平衡，把不定式短语放在句末，在原来主语的位置上“it”代替，形式上占一个主语的位置，称之为形式主语，不定式称为真正的主语.E g: It is necessary to protect the environment.形式主语系动词表语不定式作真正主语译文：保护环境是有必要的.4. 不定式作主语的两种特殊结构（1）句型：It is +adj(形容词)+of sb +to do sth.(2) 句型：It is +adj(形容词)+for sb +to do sth.特点和区别：（1）若形容词表示人的本质特征，特性，就用“of”引出的不定式的逻辑主语.A:表示人的本质特征和特性的形容词有：“good; nice; clever; wise; foolish; silly; stupid; rude; (im)polite , careless; careful; affable.E g: It is very affable of you to help me.译文：你真好帮助我.E g: It is very careless of you to lose your wallet.译文：你真粗心大意把钱包丢了.(2) 若形容词表示的不是逻辑主语的特性，而是描述对逻辑主语所做的事情，就用介词“for”，B:常见的此类形容词有：“easy; hard; difficult; heavy; necessary; impossible; important.E g: It is impossible for me to get to the destination on time inan hour.译文：一个小时之内按时达到目的地对我来说是不可能的.E g: It is very difficult for me to work out the math problem.译文：解决这个数学问题对我来说太难了.(3) 形容词表示人的特性的句子可转化成一个不定式作状语的句子，而后者则不能.E g: It is very kind of you to help me with my English可转化为一个不定式作状语的句子= You are very kind tohelp me with my English.二，不定式作宾语的用法.（1）作及物动词的宾语，该及物动词均为表示意愿，企图的动词,表示具体的或者特定的动作，或者是将来的动作.常见的动词如下：want（要）; wish（希望）; hope（希望）; desire （欲望/渴望）; intend意图;try（设法）; determine（决定）; decide（决定）; attempt（企图）; endeavor（努力）; plan（计划）; like（喜欢）; love（喜欢）; expect（期望/盼望）；pretend(假装); afford（承担得起）; manage（设法）; prepare（准备）; long （盼望）; arrange（安排）; promise（答应/许诺）; learn（学会）;dare（敢）;agree（同意）；start/begin(开始); fail（失败）; refuse（拒绝）; 等.E g: I want to take a trip abroad next year.主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文：明年我要出国旅游.E g: I intend to visit you tomorrow主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文：我打算明天去拜访你.E g: He tried to kill two birds with one stone.译文：他设法一箭双雕.E g: I expect to get a raise.译文：我渴望获得加薪.E g: I can’t afford to buy a new car.主语及物动词动词不定式作宾语译文：我买不起新车.（2）若作宾语的不定式太长，如果其后还有形容词或名词担当宾语补足语，常用“it”作形式宾语，把不定式短语作真正的宾语后置.基本句式：“主语+及物动词+it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词（宾语补足语）+to+动词原形（真正宾语）”.常见的此类动词有“find(发现); think（认为）; believe（相信）; consider（认为）; deem（认为）; feel（觉得）; make（使）E g: I think it useful to learn English well.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文：我认为学好英语是很有用的.E g: I deem it necessary to apologize to others.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文：我认为向别人道歉是有必要的.E g: I deem it an honor for me to give this speech.译文：能在这里进行演讲我认为这是我的荣幸.E g: We found it impossible to finish the project in a month.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文：我发现一个月之内完成这个项目是不可能的.E g: I make it a rule to get up early.说明：Make it a rule to+v 表示“把--------当作常例/习惯于-------------”.译文：我习惯早起.E g: The teacher made it a rule to speak only English in class.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语地点状语.译文：老师规定在课堂上这能讲英语.E g: I felt it stupid for him to talk like that.译文：我觉得他这样讲话挺愚蠢的.（3）疑问代词：“what ; which; whom +动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词的宾语的用法特点：不定式后面的动词一定为及物动词，疑问单词“what ; which; whom”及物动词或者介词的宾语.E g: I can’t decide which one to buy.主语及物动词共同作宾语译文：我决定不了买哪一个.know what to do next.E g: I don’ｔ译文：我不知道下一步该怎么办.E g: I can’t decide whom to turn to for help.译文：我决定不了向谁求救.E g: I hardly know what to say to you.译文：我简直不知道该对你说什么.（4）疑问代词：“what ; which; whom +动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词直接宾语的用法E g: Would you please tell me which course to take?主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文：你能告诉我应该选哪门课程吗？（5）疑问副词：“when; where; how；whether+动词不定式（to+do）”共同作及物动词宾语的用法特点：（1）不定式后面的动词可以为不及物动词.（2）不定式后面的动词也可为及物动词，且后面有宾语.E g: He patiently showed me how to operate the computer.主语状语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文：他耐心地教我怎么使用电脑.tell me when to start.E g: He didn’ｔ译文：他并没有告诉我什么时候出发.know whether to go or stay.E g: I don’ｔ译文：我不知道是走还是留.E g: I just wonder where to spend the weekend.译文：我只是想知道该去哪里度过周末.E g: Life is long if you know how to live it.译文：若知如何使用，生命就会长久.三，不定式作表语的用法.特点：（1）主语均为表示：“意愿”或者“企图”的名词.（2）不定式作表语可换作主语.E g: His only wish at present is to sleep.主语时间状语系动词动词不定式作表语译文：他此刻唯一的愿望就是去睡觉.可转化为：To sleep is his only wish at present.E g: His goal is simply to become an excellent English teacher.主语系动词状语动词不定式作表语译文：他的目标就是当一名优秀的英语教师.E g: His resolution is to become a great scientist.主语系动词动词不定式作表语译文：他的志愿时当一名伟大的科学家.E g: My dream is to become a successful businessman.译文：我的愿望是成为一名成功的商人.E g: The problem is to find a solution.译文：问题是得找出一个解决办法.E g: Shaking one’s fist is to show one’s determination.译文：挥拳头是显示一个人的决心.E g: The purpose of yelling English is to build up your confidence.译文：大喊英语的目的是建立你的自信心.不定式作表语的2种特殊情况（1）动词不定式作主语，也可作be动词之后的表语，主语和表语的动词形式一定要对称.E g: To see is to believe不定式作主语系动词不定式作表语译文：眼见为实E g: To love her this way is to worship her.不定式作主语方式状语系动词不定式作表语译文：这样爱他就等于崇拜她.（2）在下列句型中，be动词之后的to可省略，接动词原形作表语.E g: All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.主语系动词表语译文：你所要做的就是要好好的休息.E g: All I can do is (to) wait主语系动词表语译文：我所能做的就是等待.E g：What you should do is simply (to) apologize to him主语系动词状语表语译文：你应该做的事就是向他道歉.四，不定式作后置定语的用法.相当于形容词的功能.特点：（1）动词不定式作定语时一定要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语.（2）动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系.（3）不定式后面的动词为及物动词，若为不及物动词，一定要加上相应的介词.E g: I have a pile of homework to do tonight.主语及物动词宾语不定式作后置定语时间状语.译文：今晚我有一大堆的作业要做.不定式作后置定语的特殊用法（1）不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作主语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no friend to advise me.主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于：I have no friend who can advise me.译文：我没有朋友可以给我忠告.（2）不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作宾语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no one to talk to主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于：I have no one whom I can talk to.译文：我没有人可以交谈.E g: There are many sights to see here.等价于：There are many sights which we can see here.译文：这里有很多的风景可看.（3）主动的不定式和被动不定式的区别. A: 如果句子的主语是要做那件事的人，就用主动形式.B: 如果句子的主语是要做的动作（或者是接受动作的人或事），就用被动式.E g: I have two coats to wash.E g: Two coats are to be washed.(4) 在：“there be ”结构中的不定式可用主动式，也可用被动式，且意思一样.E g: There is an important thing to do tonight= There is an important thing to be done tonight.（5）不定式修饰序数词一定要放在其后.A：Li was the first to arrive.B: Really? That’s not like him. He’s always the last one to arrive.A: 李是第一个到的.B: 真的吗？那可不像他的作风，他总是最后一个到.五，不定式作状语的用法.特点：不定式作状语多放在被修饰的动词，副词，和形容词之后.注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.在句中充当状语，表示目的；结果或原因.（1）不定式修饰动词的用法，一定置于该动词之后.E g: We should do whatever we can to save them.主语及物动词宾语从句不定式作目的状语的用法译文：我们应该做些什么才能挽救他们呢.(2) 不定式修饰动词作目的状语的用法.特点：不定式作目的状语，通常置于动词之后，也可置于句首，用逗号与主语隔开.E g: You should work very hard to win the award.主语谓语状语不定式作目的状语等价于：To win the award, you should work very hard译文：为了要赢得这个奖项，你应该努力奋斗.E g: I’ll do everything I can to help you.(目的)译文：我会竭尽全力帮你的.E g: You’re really very kind to say so.(原因)译文：你这么说真是太好了.还有类似不定式短语有：（1）in order to+动词原形..即可放在句首，也可句末.（2）so as to+动词原形.只能放在句末.（3）only to;(4) too-------to 太-------而不能（3）with an eye to +动名词. 只能放在句中. （4）with a view to +动名词. 只能放在句中.E g: He got up early in order to catch the school bus.主语谓语不定式作目的状语译文：他早起的目的就是能搭上校车.（3）不定式修饰形容词，一般置于该形容词之后.特点：一般表示一种结果.E g: He is able to do amazing things.主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法译文：他能成就伟业.E g: He is apt to lie to me .主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法.译文：他爱向我撒谎.E g: She was prepared to face the music.译文：她准备好面对后果.疯狂操练：I’m determined to conquer English. 我决心攻克英文I’m determined to master pronunciation. 我决心攻克发音.I’m determined to speak good English. 我决心说好英语.I’m determined to become a grammar king. 我决心成为语法大王I’m determined to command a lot of words. 我决心掌握大量词汇.I’m determined to write beautiful articles. 我决心写出漂亮文章.I’m determined to communicate with the world. 我决心与全世界沟通.（4）不定式修饰副词，一定置于该副词之后. 特点：一般表示一种结果.E g: He is old enough to go swimming alone.主语系动词表语状语（副词）不定式作结果的用法. 译文：他长大了，足以单独一个人去游泳.五，不定式作宾语补足语的用法.（1）具有使役动词意味的及物动词，加上宾语之后，要用不定式短语作宾语补足语.此类动词有：1) cause/get 促使-----------；2) lead引导--------说明：‘加上宾语之后，可接to引导的不定式短语，但此时to视为介词，接动名词作其宾语”；3) allow/permit允许------4）advise 劝告---------5）persuade说服----------6）enable使能够----------7）tell告诉-------8）beg/ask请求--------9）order命令---------10）want/wish/expect/intend期望---------11）force 迫使----------------.12）encourage鼓励-------.E g: The sad story caused him to cry.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾语补足语译文：这个悲惨的故事使他哭了.E g: His timely help enabled me to finish the project in advance.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文：他及时的帮助使我能提前完成这个项目.allow me to smoke in the office.E g: They don’ｔ主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补地点状语译文：他们不允许我在办公室里吸烟.E g: I ask my students to yell English every morning.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文：我要求我的学生每天早上都大喊英语.E g: My parents want me to become a great lawyer in thefuture.译文：我的父母希望我将来成为一位很棒的律师.E g: The boss forces his staff to work like a dog for him.译文：老板强迫员工为他拼命干活.E g: My teacher encouraged me to try again.译文：我的老师鼓励我再试一次.（2）使役动词或者是感官动词，动词不定式作宾语补足语“to”要省略.巧记不定式作宾补省略“to”的两大规则A：“注意让‘买客’听听看看这块表有啥感觉不带“土”B: 五看（see; watch; notice; observe; look at）; 三让（let; make; have）;两听（hear; listen to）; 一感觉（feel）; 一发现（find）; 半个帮（help）.1)感官动词，宾语补足语接原型动词，表示已发生的事实..若出现在被动语态中，“to”要还原.E g: I noticed a thief slip into my room just now.主语及物动词宾语省略不定式原型动词作宾补时间状语译文：我刚才注意一个贼溜进我的房间了.E g: I never heard him speak English.译文：我从未听过他说英语.E g: The man was seen to leave the accident.(被动语态中不定式要还原)译文：有人看见他离开事故现场.2）使役动词(make/ let/ have)的具体用法.｛1｝“make”的常见用法. 若出现被动语态时“to”要还原.※make +宾语+宾补（形容词）E g: The news made me happy.主语及物动词宾语形容词从当宾语补足语.译文：这则消息使我很开心.※make+宾语+宾补(省略“to”的动词原形).疯狂操练 E g: My mother made me walk the dog. My father made me sweep the floor. My grandmother made me wash the dishes. My grandfather made me buy him cigarettes. Everyonein me family made me do something yesterday. I really enjoy helping other people.译文：我妈妈让我去遛狗.我爸爸让我擦地板.我奶奶让我洗碗.我爷爷让我给他买烟.昨天家里的所有人都让我干活了.我真的很乐意帮助他人.E g: These workers are made to work at least 18 hours each day.译文：这些工人被迫每天至少工作18小时.｛2｝“let”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※Let’s +动词原形. 让我们一起-------------------------E g: Let’s have dinner together tonight. 译文：让我们今晚一起吃晚饭.※Let us +动词原形. 让我们一起------------E g: Let us help Tom clean the room. 译文：让我们大家一起帮助汤姆打扫房间.※Let sb++动词原形. 让某人做某事.E g: Let me help you. 译文：让我来帮助你. ｛3｝“have”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※have +宾语（人/）+宾补（过去分词充当）表示：请某人做某事※have +宾语（物/）+宾补（过去分词充当）表示：可以用来主语的遭遇或经历，并不是故意让某事发生的.特点：1) 作宾语补足语的动词与宾语之间是被动关系.2）该动作常不属于主语的动作.E g: I had my hair cut yesterday主语使役动词宾语过去分词作宾补时间状语译文：我昨天理的发.E g: Please have the boy taken to the station.译文：请找人把这男孩带到E g: The old man had his leg broken when he fell off the bike.译文：那老人从自行车上摔下来时把腿摔断了.※have+宾语（人/）+宾补（动词原形）表示“让某人做某事”E g: The director had his assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.译文：主管让他的助理为这次会议准备一些热狗.※have+宾语(人/物)+宾补（动名词）表示：“让某人或某事不停地,或者一次又一次地进行某一动作.E g: He had us laughing all through. 译文：整顿饭期间他让我们笑个不停.六，不定式充当独立主格的用法.特点：不定式可以在句中充当独立成分，用来说明说话人的态度，对全句进行解释常见的有：“to be frank; to be honest; to tell the truth; to be blunt”等E g: To tell the truth, I have no money with me today.译文：我今天一分钱也没有带.E g: To be frank, you need to lose weight.译文：坦白说，你真的需要减肥.E g: To be blunt, that’s a stupid idea.译文：老实说，这想法真愚蠢.七，原型不定式的特殊结构.下列为与原型不定式连用的特殊结构.这些结构经常出现在各类英语考试中，务必要牢记.1）: do nothing but +动词原形. 除了-----，无所事事.E g: He did nothing but eat all day.译文：他整天什么也不做，只是吃.分析步骤如下：第一步：句中的but 可视为并列连词，连接对等且形态相同的词类did,即He did nothing but did----------.第二步：我们知道do/does/did用于肯定句中，可视为强调性的助动词，之后要接动词原形.试比较：未强调前: He works hard. 他用功. 强调后：He does work hard. 他的确很用功.第三步：因此，在He did nothing but did----------中，did之后要接动词原形.即He did nothing but did eat all day.第四步：并列连词but之后相同的词类可以省略.本句中第一个did为不及物动词的一半过去时，而第二个did则为强调性的助动词，虽然性质不一，但外形相同，故第二个did可省略，即：“He did nothing but eat all day”.2）: Choose/expect/want/desire nothing but to+动词原形.E g: He wanted nothing but to sleep. 译文：他什么都不要，只想睡觉.3）: I have no choice but to+动词原形. 除了-------我别无选择.E g: I have no choice but to wait for the result.译文：除了等待结果我别无选择.4）: be interested in nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----对什么也不感兴趣.E g: He is interested in nothing but singing.译文：他除了唱歌外，对什么都不感兴趣.5）enjoy nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----------对什么都不喜欢.E g: I enjoy nothing but dancing.译文：我除了跳舞外什么都不喜欢.6）cannot but+动词原形=cannot help/stop/ resist+动名词=cannot help but+动词原形.意思为：“不得不/忍不住-----------------”.E g: When I heard the story, I couldn’ｔb ut laugh/I couldn’ｔhelp but laugh. 译文：我听到这个故help laughing/I couldn’ｔ事，忍不住笑了出来.八，在下列含有to的动词短语中to 是介词的有，注意：“介词后面要接名词、宾格代词、动名词”如下：“1）be used to----------习惯于-------; 2）devote--------to献身于-------;3）get down to-------开始、着手-------;4）lookforward to-----期望、期盼;5）object to-----反对;6）be opposed to-----反对; 7）pay attention to-------注意、关注; 8）stick to---------;9）apply------to集中精力、专注坚持10）accustom-------to使------习惯于；11）help oneself to ------请随便------”等.E g: You should pay more attention to your health.译文：你应该多加注意身体.疯狂操练：You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你要多留意你的发音.You should pay more attention to your kids. 你要多留心你的孩子.You should pay more attention to your teeth. 你要多注意保护牙齿.You should pay more attention to your family.你要多关心家人. You should pay more attention to your schoolwork.你要多花心思在学业上.You should pay more attention to our environment.我们应该多关注保护环境.E g: She applied herself to learning English.译文：她刻苦学习英语.E g: You must accustom yourself to getting up early译文：你必须习惯早起.E g: I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you.译文：我一直期望收到你的来信.疯狂操练：Help yourself to something to drink. 你自己随便喝点什么，别客气.Help yourself to something to eat.你自己随便吃点什么，别客气.Make yourself at home. 别拘束.Sit down and relax for a while.坐下来放松一下.My home is your home.我的家就是你的家.。
不定式的用法及归纳
不定式的用法及归纳一、不定式的构成1、一般不定式由动词原形和to组成，即“to + 动词原形”，例如：to do, to sing, to go。
2、完成不定式则由动词的过去分词（V-ed）加上to组成，例如：to have done, to have gone, to have seen。
二、不定式的用法1、不定式作宾语（1）常用于跟情态动词或助动词连用，例如：We can't help but to do it. 我们只好做这件事。
We must make sure to be there on time. 我们必须务必准时到达那里。
（2）常用于跟感叹词连用，例如：How nice to see you back again! 真高兴你又回来了！How strange to hear that! 听到那件事真奇怪！2、不定式作主语（1）用来表示自然现象，例如：Rain to come soon. 马上就要下雨了。
（2）形式主语，实际主语为真正的主语，例如：It is funny to see him like that. 看见他那样有些可笑。
3、不定式作表语（1）作表语时，要用完成式不定式，例如：Time is limited and we must make the most of it. 时间有限，我们必须把握住。
（2）另外也可以用一般不定式作表语，例如：My plan is to go to Beijing next month. 我的计划是下个月去北京。
4、不定式作状语（1）用作状语的，也可以是一般不定式，例如：I left early to catch the train. 我早早出发是为了赶火车。
（2）另外，也有完成不定式用作状语，使句子更加丰满，例如：She looked around, having entered the room. 她走进房间后，四下张望。
动词不定式要点总结
动词不定式要点总结动词不定式要点总结动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want，love，learn，agree，decide，hope，refuse 等。
例如：I'm learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。
［特别提醒］不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。
例如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现入睡很困难。
二、动词不定式常用作目的状语。
例如：He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。
Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生了。
三、tell，ask，want，order，get，wish，warn，teach，invite等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ ask……sb to do sth（“告诉/请……某人做某事”）结构。
例如：Could you ask him to call me，please？请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？［特别提醒］使役动词let，make，have等，感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，notice，look at，listen to等，后常跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。
例如：A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到（它掉下）了。
We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
注意：在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to.例如：He was made to do it. 他被迫做这件事。
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不定时的用法to do 的其它用法：1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing(1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。
People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race.He’s said to have written a new novel.I would like to have had your help.I hoped to have seen her .He planned to have gone abroad.He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years.(1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。
I hope to finish reading the book tonight.We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.2.to do 的主动表被动(1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。
I have a lot of papers to deal with.(2) be + 性质adj. + to do .easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with.This book is difficult to understand.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe.(2)be + let /blame/ seekIt seemed that water was to blame.The cause isn’t far to seek.The house is to let.(3)wh- + to doI had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost.How to divide labor among them is still a question.(5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。
There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.)3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。
It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party.The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room.I wanted the letter to be typed at onceShe asked to be assigned to do a heavy job.4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。
It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party.To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing.5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to .(1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to.afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ caree.g. We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to study in any worldfamous university we want to.Would you like to go shopping with us?I prefer not to. /I would like to ./ I would love to./ No, but I plan to.(2) be going to /be to /have to /ought to /used to /be able to /mean toHe didn’t like fish but he used to.I didn’t mean to take a taxi, but I had to as I was late.He wanted to go but he wasn’t able to.I’m going to Beijing next week , what about you ? I’m going to.(3) to do 作某些动词的宾补时：ask/persuade/wish/allow/permit/tell/expect/force/invite/begShe’s very strict –we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.(4) to do 在表“急于，乐于，担心”等adj.后作状语时。
---Would you go to visit the Great Wall with us ?---Yes, I’m glad to. / deligh ted to. /pleased to./happy to.(5) to be / to have 中保留动词。
- Hasn’t he finished writing the report?- No, but he ought to have.Are you a driver? No, but I used to be.Are you on holiday? No., but I’d like to be.6. 省略to(1) 主语中含do的形式，作表语的不定式省略to .The first thing I do every morning is take plenty of exercise.What I choose to do is live in peace in the country.(2) 在介词except/but/other than 前有do的某种形式，介词后的不定式省略to. 否则带to.In my spare time, I usually do nothing but enjoy music.There’s nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.There’s no choice but to act on his advice.(3) 省略to的句型：Had better (not ) do/ would rather do / cannot but do / do nothing but do / can’t choose but do/ Can’t help but do/ can’t but/ would sooner do···than do/why (not ) do/He cannot but agree.He would rather die than surrender.(4) like/wish/want/choose/prefer/please/love/hate/plan/try/hope 用在以if/unless/as/when/as longas 引导的从句中。
You can do whatever you want ( to) .You shouldn’t come in unless asked to (to) .(5) 在某些情况下，如果省略名词后的不定式则可省略to.I’d like to do it now. but I haven’t got the time (to ) .Tom will never miss school without reason, he hasn’t got the courage (to ).I’ll come as soon as I have got a chance (to) .(6) 当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起，由and/or连接时，除第一个外，其余省略to .He told me to finish my work and (to) hand it in.It’s for you to decide whether to stay or (to) leave.I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.。