不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别

如果按上述I heard him speak.句中的解释，speak表示"一个完成的动作"，"讲过话了"，在我听的时候，speak怎么会是一个完成的动作呢?按理可推，I heard her singing.能理解为说话的此刻她还在唱歌吗?

由此可见，"一个完成的动作"是对哪个时间参照点而言，如果是对说话的此刻而言，那么，当hear,feel,notice,watch等为过去时，不管是不带to的动词不定式，还是现在分词都表示"完成的动作"

如果hear,feel,notice,see,watch等为一般现在时或一般将来时，则不带to的不定式不可能是"一个完成的动作"如：We want to come and hear you play.能解释为说话的此刻，play是"一个已完成的动作(已演出过了)"吗?

在语言的运用中，实际上不带to的动词不定式表示整个活动(a complete activity, a complete action或a whole action)，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(an activity in progress)或者不管是不是全过程试比较：

I saw him change the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子(意味着我看到了整个动作过程)

I saw him changing the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分)

又如：I saw him cross the road.是指"我看到他穿过马路的整个过程"(从离开人行道到另一侧的人行道)，而I saw him crossing the road.则是指"我看到他正在穿越马路"再比较下列动

词不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语在意义上的差别

I watched the boy climb the tree.我看见那男孩爬到树上

I watched the boy climbing the tree.我看见那男孩正在爬树

We felt the table move.我们感到桌子移动了

Can you feel the train slowing again.你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗?

I could hear the girls singing in the classroom.我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌

另外，笔者有一次听到一位学生向老师质疑下面一个句子：The missing boys were last seen to play near the river.为什么要把句中的to play改为playing?

这位老师对此题作了如下的解析：

"当孩子们走失了，费尽周折最终找到他们时，我们一定会睁大眼睛看着他们在干什么，因此，用playing更逼真，更生动，更贴切"

但笔者认为这位老师误解了句子含义以及playing的用法，因而作了错误的解析虽然他指出了正确的答案，但未完全理解全句句中last应作"上一次"或"最后一次"解全句含义为：The last time they were seen, the missing boys were playing near the river.即丢失的男孩们在丢失之前有人曾看到他们在河边玩耍那么这位老师所说的"最终找到他们"，"我们一定会睁看大眼睛看着他们在干什么"违背句子原意

应该解析原句不能用to play是因为那就意味着有人从头到尾在看着那些孩子们玩耍，在这种情况下，他们还会丢失吗?而要用playing是对的，就意味着人们并没有观察到男孩们整个玩耍的过程，而只是看到他们玩耍的片段，即没有看到过程的完结又如：

He was seen to cross the road.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路

He was seen crossing the road.(正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路

I was in the kitchen cooking when I felt the floor move.我在厨房做饭，觉得地板动了一下(是指从地震开始到结束的整个地震过程中我都感到了地面的移动)

When I woke up, I felt I could feel the floor moving.当我醒来时，我感觉地板在移动(是指地震开始时，说话人在睡觉或者处于昏迷状态，当他醒来时，突然发现地面的移动)

英语中的双宾语和宾语补足语的区别

详解双宾语和宾语补足语的区别：以make, give举例说明双宾语结构：1. 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2. 动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语 3. 动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语其中间接宾语是指人的，直接宾语是指物的宾语补足语结构：1.动词+人（宾语）+动词原形 2.动词+宾语+形容词 3.动词+宾语+带to的不定式 4.动词+宾语+省to的不定式 5.动词+宾语+名词短语其中红色部分作为句子的宾补成分, 特别强调的是宾语补足语不可以和宾语换位置。一、举例说明双宾语： 1. She made us coffee. 其中us 为句子的间接宾语coffer为句子的直接宾语。本句子可改为同义句： She made coffer for us. 2. He gave me a book. 其中me 为句子的间接宾语a book为句子的直接宾语。本句子可改为同义句： He gave a book to me 二、举例说明宾语补足语: We make Lijian our monitor. 其中红色为宾补成分这个句子最容易让人弄错，以为是双宾语，其实是our monitor作为句子的宾语补足语，这个句子是不可以改写成： We make our monitor for Lijian. （×） He asked me some questions. 这个句子容易让人误认为是宾语补足语结构，实际是双宾语结构，只不过这个句子中的动词的间接宾语不能+to或+for,这类动词还有cost, refuse, promise

The book cost me five yuan. 三、动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语，这种结构中能用for改为同义句的动词有：buy, play, make, find,keep,choose,cut,cook,wash等 Please cut Tom the cake.= Please cut the cake for Tom. My father often washes me the clothes.=My father often washes the clothes for me. My father often cooks me lunch.=My father often cooks lunch for me. 四、动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语，这种结构中能用to改为同义句的动词有：七给give, hand, pass, lend, send, show, write,一带bring，还有pay, teach, tell, wish, return, sell, read,等 I returned him the storybook= I returned the storybook to him. He showed all his friends his pictures.= He showed his pictures to all his friends. He sent me a book.= He sent a book to me

不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别

不少英语语法书上认为英语中的感官动词如feel, hear, see, look at, listen to, notice, watch等后要跟复合宾语，即"宾语+宾语补足语"并举例说：I heard him speak.我听了他的发言句中的不带to的不定式speak表示已发过言了，表示一个完成的动作I heard him speaking.我听见他在说话句中的现在分词speaking表示"正在说话"笔者认为上述的解释是不正确的下面谈谈自己的一点肤浅见解，与同行们探讨如果按上述I heard him speak.句中的解释，speak表示"一个完成的动作"，"讲过话了"，在我听的时候，speak怎么会是一个完成的动作呢?按理可推，I heard her singing.能理解为说话的此刻她还在唱歌吗? 由此可见，"一个完成的动作"是对哪个时间参照点而言，如果是对说话的此刻而言，那么，当hear,feel,notice,watch等为过去时，不管是不带to的动词不定式，还是现在分词都表示"完成的动作" 如果hear,feel,notice,see,watch等为一般现在时或一般将来时，则不带to的不定式不可能是"一个完成的动作"如：We want to come and hear you play.能解释为说话的此刻，play是"一个已完成的动作(已演出过了)"吗? 在语言的运用中，实际上不带to的动词不定式表示整个活动(a complete activity, a complete action或a whole action)，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(an activity in progress)或者不管是不是全过程试比较： I saw him change the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him changing the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) 又如：I saw him cross the road.是指"我看到他穿过马路的整个过程"(从离开人行道到另一侧的人行道)，而I saw him crossing the road.则是指"我看到他正在穿越马路"再比较下列动

不定式做宾补

动词不定式做宾语补足语动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中，不定式作宾语补足语的有以下几种类型：(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语) 一、许多动词可跟一个“宾语 + to do…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如： My boss told me to type out two letters. 分析：句中“My boss”做主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 They forbid her to leave the country. 适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： He saw her enter the room. 分析：句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 She won't let me do it. I heard her lock the door. 适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at。三、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。如：I'll help you(to) push the car. 分析：句中“I”做主语，“will help”作谓语，“you”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。动词不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。(to do/ not to do) 1.表示目的 To save the child, he laid down his life.

宾语补足语总汇

宾语补足语总汇六、具体说明：（一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等； 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don't allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义在“ hav e ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：

动词后接不定式与动名词的区别

接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词 1. remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较。如：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生) He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了) 2. try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如： I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。 Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 3. mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。如： He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。 He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。 This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。 4. stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如： He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。 He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。【注】后接不定式时，不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。 5. can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如： He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。 6. go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事，接动名词表示继续做正在做的事。如： You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。 Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。【注】也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。

动词不定式做宾补

接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事不带to的不定式作宾补 “一感”（feel）、 “二听”（listen，hear）、 “三让”（let，make，have）、 “四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）

双宾语vs宾语和宾语补足语

双宾语vs宾语和宾语补足语双宾动词1.动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 They granted us a loan. She will lend you her mp3. I owed him an apology. Hand me the cellphone. 间接宾语有时候要放后面, 需要加介词to, 这类动词有give, loan, play, send, tell, grant, mail, post, serve, write, award, offer, read, show, bring, lease, owe, rent, sing, deal, leace, pass, repay, take, lend, pay, sell, teach 2. 动词+直接宾语+for+ 间接宾语 Sing us a song, please.-------Please sing a song for us. 这类动词常见的有: book, find, pick, bring, fix, play, fix, buy, leave, reserve, build, get, prepare, book, make, save, cut, mix, set, design, order, sing, fetch, paint, spare 常见的跟宾语补足语的及物动词 1. 可跟adj, 或adj短语作宾补的动词 (这类动词只跟一个宾语意义不完整, 宾语后必须加一个成分, 使其意义完整) believe, drive, keep, set, declare, consider, leave, find, make, cut, judge, get, push, dye, paint 2. 可用名词短语作宾补 call, name, make (使变为), wish, consider, find, keep, choose, elect We choose Li our new manager. We consider him a talented genius. 3. 可带to不定式结构作宾补 advise, allow, ask, expect, invite, get, order, tell, teach, wish, warn If you want people to think well of you, do not speak well of yourself. How could they allow the state to build a prison so close to our neighbourhood. 4. 用ing做宾补 see, hear, keep, catch, find, have(让, 使) watch, smell, look at, observe, discover, get(使) Can you hear sb playing the piano in the hall? The boy was last seen playing by the riverside. 5. 用ed做宾补 have(使), get(使), make(使), find(发现), feel, see, heat, think, watch You will see this product advertised wherever you go. I found the story used in a book. 指示代词this和that都可以用来指代或概括上文提到的事物，或指代前面整个句子的内容，两者在意义上没有区别，只是that多用在较正式的文体中。（同一句话中） You smiled and talked to me of nothing, for this I’d been waiting long. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way of crops, but this only accelerates crisis. 如果要指代下文，通常用this，用that情况很少，而且常有讽刺，气愤等意味。 I want to know this; Has he been here the whole morning?

不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词

非谓语动词:英语中两个动词不能直接放在一起，要么加TO，要么加ING！不定式:to do (表示事情没做，将要做）动名词：V+ing 现在分词：V+ing(表主动，进行）过去分词：done(表被动，完成）特殊类动词直接加动原的：1.使役动词（have ,let, made ) 2.感观动词3.情态动词 2.区别 1.加to与加ing无区别的：start, begin, continue... 2.加to do 与加ing 区别小的(前者表一次性的动作，后者表习惯性动作）：like , love ,hate... 3.加to do 与加ing 区别大的 forget to do sth:忘记做某事(还没做) remember to do sth:记得做某事(还没做) forget doing sth忘记已经做了某事 rembember doing sth:记得已经做了某事stop to do sth:停止某事去做另外一件事regret to do sth:遗憾/后悔没做某事 stop doing sth:停止正在做的事情rgeret doing sth:遗憾/后悔做了某事 mean to do sth:打算做某事 try to do sth:努力做某事 mean doing sth:意味着.. .try doing sth:尝试做某事三,接to do 还是V-ing (常考词）接to do 的词： want/hope/wish/agree/ask/choose/learn/plan/seek/fail/offer/manage/pretend/promise/ref use 接V-ing的词：finish/avoid/mind/suggest/miss/practise/risk/feel like/give up/cann't help 四，用现在分词还是过去分词 Walking in the street, you must be careful. 表主动，逗号后面的主语是人，用现在分词. Written in English, it is difficult to read. 表被动,逗号后面的主语是物,用过去分词.

不定式做宾语补足语及练习

不定式作宾语补足语的类型动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等：动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语) 一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+ to do…构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如：do sb/sth to do sth My boss told me to type out two letters. 分析：句中“My boss”做主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 They forbade her to leave the country. Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： I consider him to be the best candidate. 分析：句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： He saw her enter the room. 分析：句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 She won't let me do it. I heard her lock the door. We watched the children play games. 高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at. 注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。请看下列句子，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如： A child was seen to enter the building. She was often he 3 ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。 What would you have me do?

宾语补足语Word版

一、宾语补足语的概念某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。比如说： I like to keep everything tidy. I'm going to paint it pink. 句子中的it显然是宾语。主语将要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是执行了paint的动作。二、宾语补足语与双宾语的区别宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是不同的。 1，比如pass me the book中，me是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；the book是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有： give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read等。 2，在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说： I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。 singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。三、宾语补足语的各种形式能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如： I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补） I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补） Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 1,名词或代词宾格+名词 They named the baby Jim. We call him Tom. 2, 名词或代词宾格+形容词 They painted the wall white. I always find her happy and gay(愉快). 3，名词或代词宾格+介宾短语 People praised（称赞）him as a national hero. The next morning I found him at his machine again. 4，名词或代词宾格+动词不定式 We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again. The teacher helped him see his error(错误)。 5，名词或代词宾格+分词 I heard somebody knocking at the door. He had his ankle sprained while playing football.他踢足球时把脚踝扭伤。注意：

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。 2．基本用法 ①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如： When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，doing / being done;

动词不定式、动名词用法和区别

动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别动词不定式：动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语： To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 2. 动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I like to help others if I can. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4. 动词不定式作表语： What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 5. 动词不定式作定语： There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you. 6. 不定式作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。 Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station. 带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish, 动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 ●动名词动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语： Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . （注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it作形式主语，而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。）It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 2) 动名词作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows? 4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag. （动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词） He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick. / I can't really stand being treated like that.

动词+宾语+动词不定式作宾补的动词总结及短文填空训练

动词+宾语+动词不定式作宾补的动词总结及短文填空训练 I.动词+宾语+动词不定式作宾补的动词总结 advise (劝告) , ask (请、要) , allow(允许、让).permit(允许), forbid(禁止), beg(请求) , cause (使) , command (命令) , encourage (鼓励) , expect (预料) , force (迫使), get (让) , help (帮助) , invite (邀请) , intend (想要) , instruct (指令) , like (喜欢) , oblige (迫使) , order (命令) , permit (允许) , persuade (劝说) , prefer (宁愿) , press (强求) , remind (提醒) , request (要求) require(要求), urge (催促) ,tell(告诉),teach(教)，warn (警告) , want (想要) , wish (希望) 另外，还有某些短语的后面也可以用这样的复合宾语，这样的成语动词常见的有： call on (号召), count on (仰仗) , depend on (依靠) , long for (渴望) , rely on (依靠) , vote for (投票) , wait for (等待) 。特别注意：hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。 II.短文填空训练 While Teachers in high school are trained and certified to educate,high school does not generally encourage students 1 ( explore ) new aspects of life, In Henan Province and Shandong Province, China, the senior high school life is extremely tough and boring. Parents count on them depend on them 4 ( enter ) the gates of their dream universities. As a result, higher grades mean everything, and self control is the key to success. Some are begged 6 ( give up )their own interests; some are forbidden 7 ( watch )TV;some are urged8 ( finish )their papers on time; some are warned 9 ( avoid ) 10 (fall) behind; some are reminded 11 (work )out to relax; some are persuaded 12 ( go )to Cram school ; some are pressed 13 ( accept) their parents’ advice ;others are requested 14 ( eat ) two prepared eggs every morning , causing them 15 ( eat) less;My classmate wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not16 . Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. He do esn’t have to be made18 ( learn). He always works hard. 19 (conclude), people here spare no efforts 20 ( defeat ) others and 21 ( get )high marks comes first. Middle school students in China usually have some problems, such as stress, anger and loneliness, but college sets the stage for that exploration. Be independent.