上海市嘉定区2019届高三历史上学期期末(一模)学科质量检测试题

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区2019年高二高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测历史试题及答案【推荐】

浦东新区2018-2019学年第一学期期末考质量监测高二（高三）年级历史学科试卷注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分，每题只有一个正确选项。

）1. “在孔子之前，中国历史文化当已有2500年以上的积累，而孔子集齐大成。

”从空间看，孔子所集的文化，主要集中于A. 西北B. 中原C. 江南D. 东北2. 把中国推向大一统时代，奠定中国两千余年统治制度基本格局的是A. 夏启B. 商汤C. 周武王D. 秦始皇3. 右图是东魏墓葬出土的东罗马帝国发行的金币。

以此作为史料，它可以佐证东魏时A. 东西方有官方交往B. 东西方有商旅往来C. 东正教已传入中国D. 佛教与基督教并立4. 作为中国古代的对外贸易机关，见证了宋元明初海上贸易繁荣的是A. 市舶司B. 宣政院C. 巡检司D. 江海关5. 郑和下西洋比新航路开辟早了半个多世纪。

据此推测，郑和下西洋应在A. 13世纪下半期B. 14世纪上半期C. 15世纪上半期D. 16世纪下半期6. 因下列事件而导致宋朝迁都和重建的是A. 陈桥兵变B. 澶渊之盟C. 靖康之变D. 绍兴和议7. 刚独立的美国就派遣“中国皇后号”来华，开启了两国的首次通商。

此船应驶靠A. 大都B. 广州C. 上海D. 泉州8. 张学良在台参观某祠堂时曾赋诗“逆子孤臣一稚儒，填膺大义抗强胡；丰功岂在尊明朔，确保台湾在版图”。

他赞的是A. 张骞B. 岳飞C. 郑成功D. 林则徐9. 1803年，英国所使用的棉花中，来自本土的不大8%，其他的全部来自新世界。

这里的“新世界”是指A. 亚洲B. 非洲C. 美洲D. 大洋洲10. 1859年，洪仁玕在《资政新篇》中写道：“日本邦近与花旗邦通商，得有各项技艺以为法则”。

文中的“花旗邦”是指A. 美国B. 英国C. 法国D. 荷兰11. “盲目的批判孔子的时代过去了，盲目的尊崇孔子的时代也过去了，科学的研究孔子的时代到来了。

嘉定区2019年高二高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测历史试题及答案【精编】

嘉定区2018-2019学年第一学期期末考质量监测高二（高三）年级历史学科试卷满分100分时间60分钟注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分，每题只有一个正确选项。

）1. 就研究中华农业文明起源问题来说,下列各项中属于直接证据的是A. 历史神话传说B. 考古发掘资料C. 古代文献记载D. 民间祭祀遗存2.“大人世及以为礼”在《礼记·礼运》看来，夏朝建立后中国社会进入A. 大同之世B. 铁器时代C. 青铜时代D. 小康之世3. 公元前230年至公元前221年秦灭六国，这一时间段可表述为A. 公元前2世纪前期B. 公元前2世纪后期C. 公元前3世纪前期D. 公元前3世纪后期4.“上古竞于道德，中世逐于智慧，当今争于气力”，“争于气力”时代“唯法为治”，此处“当今”是指A. 史前时期B. 夏商时期C. 西周时期D. 战国时期5. 以下图片内容揭示当时历史特点是A. 国家分裂B. 民族交融C. 佛教盛行D. 文化差异6. 司马迁怀“究天人之际，通古今之变”志向，司马光抱“鉴前世之兴衰，考当今之得失”目的，成就史学巨篇。

二人的治史理想体现古代传统史学特色是A. 考察变化与变通，经世致用B. 尊帝王、尊圣贤、人本主义C. 纪传体通史体例，正式官修D. 贵直书斥“曲笔”，求真求实7. 《大明会典》罗列朝鲜货物清单，规定朝鲜每三年呈送50匹种马。

此清单反映的是A. 平等贸易B. 民间贸易C. 槯场交易D. 朝贡贸易8. 与下列世界地图内容变化直接关联的历史事件是A. 宗教改革B. 文艺复兴C. 新航路开辟D. 启蒙运动9. 美国资产阶级找到真正崛起的道路并使美国成为最发达的工业化国家是在A. 独立战争之后B. 南北战争之后C. “新政”之后D.“二战”之后10. 1902年，16岁的柳亚子在读完西方某著作后，因“雅慕其名，更名曰人权，字亚卢”。

上海市嘉定区2019年高二高三一模历史试题及答案(word版)

嘉定区2018-2019学年第一学期期末考质量监测高二（高三）年级历史学科试卷2019.1满分100分时间60分钟注意：1. 本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 检测时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分，每题只有一个正确选项。

(历史4份试卷)上海市嘉定区重点中学2019-2020学年历史高考模拟试卷

历史高考模拟试卷含答案注意事项：1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每小题2分，共48分。

）1．有关春秋战国时期“百家争鸣”的描述，正确的是：①形成中国的传统文化体系②奠定中国奴隶社会的经济基础③中国历史上第一次思想解放运动④是该时期生产力发展的反映A．①②③④B．①②③ C．②③④D．①③④2．孔子、孟子、荀子思想的共同点是：A．认为教育可以兴国 B．具有唯物主义的观点C．重视民意 D．认为统一是民心之所向3．在西方人文精神的起源和发展过程中，欧洲思想家提出了各自的主张。

下列思想家与其思想主张之间的对应关系正确的是①普罗塔戈拉——人是万物的尺度②苏格拉底——道德（美德）就是知识③马丁·路德——法律面前人人平等④伏尔泰——“社会契约”A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④4．汉武帝对中国古代教育发展做出了贡献，在他统治时期：①教育为儒家所垄断②兴办太学拓宽了人才选拔渠道③初步建立了地方教育系统④私学兴盛A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．①②④5．以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人探索了一条有中国特色的革命道路；以邓小平为首的中国共产党人开创了一条有中国特色的社会主义建设道路。

二者根本的共同点是A．坚定不移的走社会主义道路 B．始终不渝的贯彻党的最高纲领C．把反“左”作为革命进程的重要任务 D．实事求是，从中国的国情出发6．下列有关宋时期程朱理学的描述，错误的是：A．是儒、道、佛三家思想融合的产物B．二程的理学学说有唯心的一面C．适应了统治阶级的政治需要D．成为北宋起长期居于统治地位的官方哲学7．朱熹提出“存天理，灭人欲”，其中“天理”主要是指：A．天体运行法则 B．社会发展规律C．封建道德规范和等级秩序 D．“天人感应”理论8．下列对中国传统文化主流思想──儒家思想的阐述，有误的是A．春秋战国时期产生了我国的早期儒学B．汉武帝时期儒家学说开始定于一尊C．两宋时期产生的理学实现了儒学的更新D．明清之际的进步思想家们是中国传统思想文化的背叛者9．古希腊智者学派的出现，表明人类第一次意识到自己是自身所属社会的审判者，人有资格、有力量，也有权利重新规范自己的生活，这是原始宗教和自然统治之下人类自我意识的第一次觉醒，是西方人文精神的起源。

上海市嘉定区2022-2023学年高三(上)学期期末考试历史试卷(一模) 附答案

2022-2023学年上海市嘉定区高三（上）期末历史试卷（一模）题号一总分得分一、问答题（本大题共4小题，共100.0分）1.我国历史上统一的国家治理表现出四个重要特点，即“国家统一、要在中央、郡县体制、因俗而治”，请按要求完成下列各题。

(1) 国家统一如图是四个统一朝代的形势图，请按时间先后排序______ 。

(2) 要在中央中央集权是2000多年封建国家治理的基本制度体系，其核心是“事在四方，要在中央”。

中央政府通过文书律令、官僚行政、官员选拔、考核监察等方式推行政令，维护中央权威。

下表以唐朝为例，请补全表格内容。

（将表中序号与表后各项匹配）方式说明文书律令《大唐开元礼》是秦汉以来封建礼仪制度的集大成，是一部体系庞大、体例严谨、内容繁复的礼仪法典。

①______ 是唐玄宗年间官修行政法典，是我国现存最早的一部行政法典。

②______是中国现存最早、最完善的封建法典，是中华法系确立的标志。

官僚行政唐朝三省六部制，三省是皇帝直接掌控的政治中枢。

③______ 是受命于皇帝的决策机构，④______ 是审议封驳朝廷政令的机构，尚书省是执行机构。

三省长官并称宰相分掌相权，他们共同议政的地方叫⑤______ 。

尚书省下设六部，负责处理具体政务。

此制度使中央决策和行政体系日臻完备。

官员选拔唐朝统治者将⑥______ 作为官员选拔制度，此制度有利于打破魏晋以来门阀士族垄断政治的局面，加强中央集权。

考核监察唐朝官员考核归尚书省下属机构。

⑦______ 以品德和才能为标准考核官员，分为九等，依据考核结果确定官员升迁。

⑧______ 为最高监察机构，委派监察官定期或不定期对全国十个监察区巡回监察。

A.科举制B.中书省C.政事堂D.门下省E.《唐律疏议》F.御史台G.《大唐六典》H.吏部(3) 因俗而治“因俗而治”体现了政治治理的灵活性，是指“修其教不易其俗，齐其政不易其宜”，适度保持自治、分治，根据不同地区的具体状况采取不同治理方式。

2019届上海市嘉定区高三上学期期末质量监控(一模)地理试卷

2019届上海市嘉定区高三上学期期末质量监控（一模）地理试卷考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸，试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，作答必须涂或写在答题纸上。

在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 2018年11月5日中国首届国际进口博览会在上海开幕，这是我国推进新一轮高水平对外开放的重大决策。

这有利于我国A.获得国际贸易规则制定权B.提高人民生活质量C.提高进口商品的技术标准D.降低进口商品关税2. 2018年7月27日晚，我国大部分地区都观察到了月全食。

此时，日地月的相对位置（白色为光照面）可能是A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁3. 2018年2月7日，我国第五个南极科考站罗斯海新建站（74°50′S）举行选址奠基仪式。

此后三个月内，罗斯海新建站的正午太阳髙度A.逐渐变大B.逐渐变小C.先变大再变小D.先变小再变大4. 玄武岩具有出色的抗压抗折性能，是修筑公路、铁路、机场跑道的良好材料。

形成玄武岩的主要地质作用是A.喷出冷凝B.侵入冷凝C.高温变质D.固结成岩5. 非洲板块与亚欧板块碰撞，造就了多种多样的地表形态。

它们包括：①红海②地中海○3东非大裂谷○4阿尔卑斯山脉A.①②B.①○3C.②○4D. ○3○46. 右图是我国云贵高原某地等髙线地形图。

图示区域的地形特点是A.北陡南缓的山地B.北缓南陡的山地C.北陡南缓的“天坑”D.北缓南陡的“天坑”7. 不同的天气系统产生不同的天气现象。

下图所示的天气系统为A.台凤B.冷锋C.暖锋D.准静止锋8. “至三月（农历），桃花水至则河决”是《水经注》中关于河水的描述，三月出现水决堤的原因可能是A.地形平坦，水流缓慢B.泥沙沉积，水流不畅C.髙山冰川融水量最大D.冰雪消融，河水猛涨9. 水循环由多个环节组成。

2019届上海市嘉定区高三上学期期末教学质量检测(一模)英语试题(解析版)

绝密★启用前上海市嘉定区2019届高三上学期期末质量检测（一模）英语试题（解析版）2018年12月(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Classmates. B. Boss and secretary. C. Colleagues. D. Teacher and student.2.A.To have a barbecue with her family. B. To go for a ride around town.C. To go to the supermarket in John's car.D. To go shopping with the man.3.A.The woman should find a spare key . B. They should come downstairs.C. The woman should be more careful next time.D. They should think of a solution.4.A. To the man's studio . B. To the man's company.C. To the railway station.D. To the subway station.5.A.Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed D. Regretful.6. A. He isn't sure. B. He'll go by bus.C. He'll go by train.D. He'll go by plane.7.A.The concert is very impressive B. She regrets paying for the concert.C. Applause encourages the singer .D. Almost everyone loves pop music.8. A. The plane's departure time remains unknown. B. The plane will leave at 9:14.C. The man has gone to a wrong check-in counter.D. The man has just missed his flight.9.A.She wants to take more optional courses .B. She thinks the course is wonderful.C. She couldn't understand the professor's lecture.D. She doesn't think the course is useful.10.A.He eats too much when playing chess. B. Chess is his favorite game.C. He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to.D. He won't join the chess club. Section B (15分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions are based on the following passage.11.A. To run some classes. B. To organize meetingsC. To collect information.D. To grow their own food12.A. To plant these seeds in his garden. B. To get new fruits and vegetables.C. To exchange them with his friends.D. To encourage others to sell their seeds.13.A. The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills.B. People are increasingly concerned with environment and health.C. Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another .D. People got together in Washington D.C to discuss the environmental issues. Questions are based on the following passage.14.A. It is a busy, crowded and booming place. B. It is suffering from increasing crime.C. It is a peaceful, friendly and convenient town.D. It is clean and pretty, buta little bit poor.15.A. It might lower their wages. B. It will change their way of life.C. It might cost them their jobs.D. It will cause a fierce competition.16.A. She is going to compete in the Olympics. B. She is an experienced debater.C. She leads the fight against the Wal-Mart storeD. She works in the local coffee shop.。

上海市嘉定区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题

嘉定区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测试卷高三英语2018.12（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Classmates. B. Boss and secretary. C. Colleagues. D. Teacher and student.2.A.To have a barbecue with her family. B. To go for a ride around town.C. To go to the supermarket in John's car.D. To go shopping with the man.3.A.The woman should find a spare key . B. They should come downstairs.C. The woman should be more careful next time.D. They should think of a solution.4.A. To the man's studio . B. To the man's company.C. To the railway station.D. To the subway station.5.A.Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed D. Regretful.6. A. He isn't sure. B. He'll go by bus.C. He'll go by train.D. He'll go by plane.7.A.The concert is very impressive B. She regrets paying for the concert.C. Applause encourages the singer .D. Almost everyone loves pop music.8. A. The plane's departure time remains unknown. B. The plane will leave at 9:14.C. The man has gone to a wrong check-in counter.D. The man has just missed his flight.9.A.She wants to take more optional courses .B. She thinks the course is wonderful.C. She couldn't understand the professor's lecture.D. She doesn't think the course is useful.10.A.He eats too much when playing chess. B. Chess is his favorite game.C. He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to.D. He won't join the chess club.Section B （15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possibleanswers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To run some classes. B. To organize meetingsC. To collect information.D. To grow their own food12. A. To plant these seeds in his garden. B. To get new fruits and vegetables.C. To exchange them with his friends.D. To encourage others to sell their seeds.13. A. The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills.B. People are increasingly concerned with environment and health.C. Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another .D. People got together in Washington D.C to discuss the environmental issues.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is a busy, crowded and booming place. B. It is suffering from increasing crime.C. It is a peaceful, friendly and convenient town.D. It is clean and pretty, but a little bit poor.15. A. It might lower their wages. B. It will change their way of life.C. It might cost them their jobs.D. It will cause a fierce competition.16. A. She is going to compete in the Olympics. B. She is an experienced debater.C. She leads the fight against the Wal-Mart storeD. She works in the local coffee shop. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Keep comparing options with your family. B. Read product reviews every day.C. Telephone the local store for a discount.D. Make enough investigations.18. A. To take her time to avoid hasty purchaseB. To spend another year looking for a favorite carC. To go to the local car companies to make detailed investigationD. To make a careful comparison and choose an ideal car as soon as possible.19. A. He is careful but hesitant. B. He is changeable and hasty.C. He is decisive and confident.D. He is fashionable but envious.20. A. Everyone has his own way to make a purchase.B. One can't make a good purchase without reading product reviews.C. Few people can resist the temptation of ads of newly released product..D. Comparing options when purchasing helps save money in the long run.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friend s’ names -- were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ info rmation is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. combiningB. analyzedC. concernD. tremendouslyE. effectiveF. appliedG. actually H. common I. limited J. assessing K. testGetting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any ageNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when ch ildren’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As f or __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __41__ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __42__ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a villa ge.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren’t free to breed themselves.A new study further __43__ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers repo rt that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __44__ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for __45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more __46__ explanation.One possibility is that an individual practices __47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By __48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may __49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior __50__ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of __51__ partners. Scientists call th is the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __53__ appeared to be true.Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ,in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time.When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time. "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or 54 avoidance," the study author reported. "Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more 55 expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting43. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protects44. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident45. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual46. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official47. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance48. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectations C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. casually C. delicately D. fearlesslySection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history. Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. Just as his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called "Germany's conscience", because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933-1945) that many would have rather forgotten.This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoirPeeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen-SS, the Nazi (纳粹)Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less-than-perfect recordhimself.Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.56. In The Tin Drum, the hero ________.A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the warB. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expectsC. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playingD. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred57. What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean?A. Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection.B. Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes.C. Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people.D. Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is.58. It can be inferred from the article that ________.A. Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood lifeB. critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of GermanyC. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspectiveD. no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record59. What is the author's purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.B. To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work.C. To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass.D. To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer.(B)Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it?Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle(摇摆) dance and the circle dance.Waggle danceThe waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive.A. DistanceThe dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in astraight line, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the wagglerun, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch.B. DirectionBees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How? Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun.Circle danceThe circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch’s location:that it is somewhere close to the hive.In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch.60.Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar?A. To inform them of the distance of the flower.B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar.C. To motivate them to collect the nectar.D. To ensure the bees find the right patch.61.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances?A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance.B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch.C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is.D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance.62.If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees?( C )Earth’s geologic ages---time periods defined by evidence in rock layers----typically last more than three million years. We’re barely 11,500 years into the current age ,the Holocene. But a new paper argues that we’ve already entered a new one—the Anthropocene, or “new man”, age.The name isn’t brand-new. Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen, a co-author of the paper, coined it in 2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution. The paper, however , is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age.Recent human impacts have been so great that they’ll result in an obvious boundary (界限) in Earth’s rock layer, the author’s say. “We are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environment that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth,” said co-author Jan Zala, a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK. Even so, it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age.If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized , scientists will first have to identify and d efine a boundary line ,or marker, that’s set in stone. “The key thing is thinking about how—thousands of years in the future---geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK.” It’s not as straightforward as you might think. The market has to be very precise, and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world,” said Haywood, who wasn’t involved in the new study.One candidate for the market is the distinctive radioactive signature left by atom bomb tests, which began in 1945. “The fallout (沉降) is basically across the world,” Haywood said. In a similar way, scientists used traces of the element iridium (铱) left by shooting star strikes to help define the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods---the time of the great dinosaur extinctions.The push for a formal declaration of the Anthropocene age is about more than just scientific curiosity. The move the scientists write in the last issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology, “might be used as encouragement to slow carbon emissions and biodiversity(生物多样性)loss” or “ as evidence on protection measures” Just as Haywood said, by underlining how much we're changing the environment, the formalization would be "a very powerful statement”.63. Which of the following is TRUE about the new paper?A. It denies the existence of the Holocene age.B. It documents the recent human impacts on earth.C. It pushes for the formalization of the Anthropocene age.D. It serves as a warning against the current mineral exploitation.64. Haywood's words in paragraph 4 indicate that___________________.A. the key to formalizing the new age is to find a deposit record set in stoneB the marker has to appear in various places globally to be considered validC. finding a marker is a straightforward way to define the beginning of an ageD. future geologists may find it hard to recognize the markers we choose today65. What can you infer from the passage?A. The element iridium may work as a marker for the Anthropocene age.B. The Nobel Prize winner Crutzen invented the name Holocene in 2002.C. The formalization of the new age may send a message for eco-protection.D Human activities have resulted from the change of boundaries in rock layers.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Humans Are Destroying the Earth, Geologists WarnB. Too Early to Set Things in Stone, Authorities SayC. More Evidence Is Needed, Universities RequireD. A New Earth Age May Begin, Scientists ArgueSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.B. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.C What she did was really beyond our imagination.D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of aparent.E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. _____67_____However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. ____68______.The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. ____69_____Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."____________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it.Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.V. Translation（15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。

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上海市嘉定区届高三历史上学期期末（一模）学科质量检测试题（含解析）满分分时间分钟注意：.本检测设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

.检测时间分钟，试卷满分分。

一、选择题（每小题分，共分，每题只有一个正确选项。

）.就研究中华农业文明起源问题来说，下列各项中属于直接证据的是. 历史神话传说. 考古发掘资料. 古代文献记载. 民间祭祀遗存【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，考古发掘资料最能直接反映所在年代的农业生产现象，故项正确。

神话传说、文献记载、祭祀遗存均为反映农业生产生活的间接材料，均不符题意，排除。

.“大人世及以为礼”在《礼记·礼运》看来，夏朝建立后中国社会进入. 大同之世. 铁器时代. 青铜时代. 小康之世【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，“大人世及以为礼”即天子诸侯的子弟世代承袭,认为合于礼，小康之世就是在天下为家的条件下，制定礼制使得社会在管理中安定，故项正确。

项，大同之世就是在天下为公的条件下，选贤举能使得社会不用管理就能安定，材料未体现，排除。

、两项以生产力为标准，材料中未能体现，故不符合题意，排除。

.公元前年至公元前年秦灭六国，这一时间段可表述为. 公元前世纪前期. 公元前世纪后期. 公元前世纪前期. 公元前世纪后期【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，题干纪年方法为公元纪年，公元前年至公元前年为公元前世纪后期，故项正确。

均不符合题意，排除。

.“上古竞于道德，中世逐于智慧，当今争于气力”，“争于气力”时代“唯法为治”，此处“当今”是指. 史前时期. 夏商时期. 西周时期. 战国时期【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，韩非子提出“法后王”的进步历史观，他把社会的发展分为“上古”、“中世”和“当今”三个阶段，批判复古思潮，提倡因时制宜，主张相应于不同时代而取适宜的制度和政策，韩非子为战国时期人物，故项正确。

均不符合题意，排除。

.以下图片内容揭示当时历史特点是. 国家分裂. 民族交融. 佛教盛行. 文化差异【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，图片分别为胡汉服饰相融的北魏文官俑及魏晋时期汉人烤串饮食风俗，两者均体现了汉族与少数民方向文化的融合，故项正确。

项，题干无法体现国家分裂特点，排除。

项，图片未体现佛教相关信息，排除。

项，图片强调的文化的融合并非文化的差异，排除。

.司马迁怀“究天人之际，通古今之变”志向，司马光抱“鉴前世之兴衰，考当今之得失”目的，成就史学巨篇。

二人的治史理想体现古代传统史学特色是. 考察变化与变通，经世致用. 尊帝王、尊圣贤、人本主义. 纪传体通史体例，正式官修. 贵直书斥“曲笔”，求真求实【答案】【解析】【详解】根据材料“通古今之变、考当今之得失”可知司马迁、司马光二人均以博古通今、鉴借古人教训为治史思想，故项符合题意。

项，材料未体现尊帝尊圣的思想，排除。

项，《资治通鉴》为编年史著作，排除。

项，材料反映了史学引古为鉴的功用，而非直言时弊求真求实的精神，故排除。

.《大明会典》罗列朝鲜货物清单，规定朝鲜每三年呈送匹种马。

此清单反映的是. 平等贸易. 民间贸易. 槯场交易. 朝贡贸易【答案】【解析】【详解】根据题干现象结合所学可知，朝鲜向明代政府每三年呈送匹种马反映了明代实行贡舶制度，即朝贡贸易体制，故项正确。

项，材料未能体现中朝间的平等贸易，排除。

项，题干现象为官方行为，并非民间行为，排除。

项，槯场交易为宋代汉族王朝与少数民族互市的贸易现象，属于边境贸易，排除。

.与下列世界地图内容变化直接关联的历史事件是. 宗教改革. 文艺复兴. 新航路开辟. 启蒙运动【答案】【解析】【详解】根据图片可知，图一为欧洲中世纪地图，所有陆地分为欧洲、亚洲、非洲三大洲，图瓦尔德泽米勒世界地图出现了美洲，结合所学可知新航路开辟发现了美洲大陆，故项正确。

三项均为欧洲近代三次思想解放运动，与地图的变化无直接联系，排除。

.美国资产阶级找到真正崛起的道路并使美国成为最发达的工业化国家是在. 独立战争之后. 南北战争之后. “新政”之后. “二战”之后【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，南北战争巩固美国国家统一的同时确立了北方大资产阶级在全国的统治地位，消灭了奴隶制，从而为美国的资本主义迅速发展扫清了道路，故项正确。

项独立战争后，美国保留了黑奴制度及南方种植园，不利于国内市场统一，排除。

项，“新政”即罗斯福新政，开辟了国家干预模式，与题干无关，排除。

项，二战后美国已经成为资本主义世界经济霸主，排除。

年，岁的柳亚子在读完西方某著作后，因“雅慕其名，更名曰人权，字亚卢”。

此著作是. 《社会契约论》. 《论法的精神》. 《路易十四时代》. 《论人类不平等的起源》【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学知识可知，《社会契约论》阐述主权及其权利，体现了主权在民思想，故项正确。

项，《论法的精神》阐述了国家权力的制衡分权理念，与材料无关，排除。

项，《路易十四时代》是伏尔泰编著的一本书籍，该书描绘了人类的才智和风俗，引人热爱道德、学术和祖国，启迪人类反思自我，告诉我们伟大的时代需要伟大的民族精神，与材料现象无关，排除。

项，该书探讨了社会不平等的原因及克服的方法，批判了封建等级关系，与题干无关，排除。

.李鸿章晚年心酸自喟“三十年来无时不在被谤”，李鸿章“被谤”是因为. 禁烟与抗英. 洋务与外交. 维新与新政. 变法与革命【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，李鸿章为地主阶级，是洋务运动的主要代表，并参与了《马关条约》的签订，故其“被谤”是在于洋务与外交，项正确。

项，为林则徐为首的地主阶级抵抗派，排除。

项，是以康梁为首的维新派，排除。

项，是以孙中山为首的资产阶级革命派，排除。

.鉴湖女侠秋瑾诗中“北上联军八国众，把我江山又赠送”讥讽的是签订. 《南京条约》. 《北京条约》. 《马关条约》. 《辛丑条约》【答案】【解析】【详解】根据材料“联军八国众，把我江山又赠送”结合所学可知，八国联军侵华战争后，中国与西方签订了《辛丑条约》，该条约是帝国主义列强强加给中国的又一奴役性条约。

它的签订进一步加强了帝国主义对中国的全面控制和掠夺，标志着中国已完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会，故项符合题意，均不符合题意，故排除。

.史学家陈旭麓先生将晚清的一次自救称为“假维新中的真改革”，其所指的历史事件是. 洋务运动. 戊戌变法. 清末新政. 新文化运动【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，清末新政是一场晚清挽救统治危机的自救改革，改革中仿效西方进行政治改革，实行预备立宪，但并非真正意义上的资产阶级性质的改革，故项正确。

项，洋务运动以学习西方军事科学为主的自强运动，并非改革，排除。

项，戊戌变法以学习西方君主立宪制为政治目标，并非假改革，排除。

项，新文化运动是资产阶级性质的思想文化运动，并非改革，排除。

.俾斯麦“大陆政策”让位于威廉二世的“世界政策”，首要原因是. 完成国家统一. 军国主义传统. 德国迅速崛起. 英法等国刺激【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，“大陆政策”确定统一后德国的主要活动舞台不是海外而是欧洲大陆，其重点是削弱和孤立法国，阻止其他大国结盟，德国统一后国内市场形成一体，经济军事实力大增，世纪年代末随着德国帝国主义的兴起，大陆政策让位于威廉二世谋求世界霸权的世界政策，故项正确。

项，“大陆政策”是德国统一后的政策，排除。

项，军国主义传统是推动德国对外扩张的历史因素，并非首要原因，排除。

项，英法等国刺激是外部原因而非首要因素，排除。

.导致图中美国工业生产指数变化的原因是. 英美日军备竞赛所致. 经济危机的巨大冲击. 美苏对抗拖累了经济. 法西斯扩张制约美国【答案】【解析】【详解】根据图表结合所学可知，苏联在世纪年代进行工业化建设，故生产指数迅速增长，与此同时西方资本主义国家深陷资本主义世界经济大危机，生产下降经济萧条，故项正确。

项，经济危机下，英美经济受到严重打击，而日本试图通过对外扩张转嫁经济危机，故排除，三国并未实行军备竞赛，排除。

项，美功对抗是战后两极格局形成之后，排除。

项，美国经济下滑是由于经济危机的冲击，而非法西斯势力的制约.“计划经济”“高度集权”为特征的社会主义经济模式建立于. 沙皇时期. 临时政府时期. 苏联时期. 苏俄时期【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，斯大林时期，苏联开展社会主义工业化建设，逐渐形成了高度集中的政治经济体制，即斯大林模式，故项正确。

项，沙皇俄国处于专制之下，未建立社会主义制度，排除。

项，临时政府时期资产阶级当政，排除。

项，苏俄时期，尚未进行社会主义工业化建设，排除。

.下表罗列了世纪末世纪初中国部分出版物对西方某人的介绍，此人是. 伏尔泰. 马克思. 列宁. 斯大林【答案】【解析】【详解】根据题干中“科学革命的社会主义、百工领袖、社会主义泰斗”结合所学可知，世纪末马克思主义传入中国，对中国思想界产生极大影响，故项正确。

项，伏尔泰为世纪法国启蒙运动时期资产阶级民主思想的代表人物，排除。

此时俄国尚未进行十月革命，未对中国思想界造成巨大影响，故排除。

年五四运动周年，年前学生喊出的口号是. “外争国权，内惩国贼”. “停止内战，一致对外”. “暴动打倒国民政府”. “抗美援朝，保家卫国”【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，年巴黎和会中国外交的失败直接推动了五四运动的爆发，学生作为先锋队，率先发起运动，提出“外争国权，内惩国贼”的口号，故项正确。

项，“停止内战，一致对外”为年共产党八一宣言内容，排除。

项，“暴动打倒国民政府”为年湘赣秋收起义口号，排除。

项，为建国后抗美援朝的口号，排除。

.“三国之宗旨在剥夺日本自年第一次世界大战开始以后在太平洋所夺得的或占领之一切岛屿，例如满洲、台湾、澎湖群岛等，归还中华民国。

”上文引自. 《四国条约》. 《九国公约》. 《开罗宣言》. 《联合国家宣言》【答案】【解析】【详解】结合所学可知，第二次世界大战取得决定性胜利后，中、美、英三国首脑于年月至日在开罗举行会议，讨论如何协调对日作战的共同军事问题和战后如何处置日本等政治问题其中，关于中国的领土主权问题，中美双方同意：日本用武力从中国夺去的东北各省、台湾和澎湖列岛，战后必须归还中国，故项正确。

项，《四国条约》是美、英、日、法国四国在年月日签订，互相尊重它们在太平洋区域内岛屿属地和岛屿领地的权利，排除。

项，《九国公约》为了调和帝国主义列强在东亚和太平洋地区的矛盾而签订，排除。

项，年月日，个国家的代表在华盛顿签署了《联合国家共同宣言》，标志着国际反法西斯联盟正式形成，排除。

.下图作为研究革命根据地土地政策的第一手史料，其对应的历史时期是. 太平天国时期. 十年内战时期. 抗日战争时期. 解放战争时期【答案】【解析】【详解】根据题干图片字样“革命根据地土地政策…革命委员会”结合所学可知该土地分配证出现于土地革命时期，即国共十年内战期间，项符合题意项，太平天国的土地分配政策并未得以实行，排除。