2013年江西师范大学全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题-英语翻译基础

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

2013年江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试

2013年江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 722高等数学（决策学方向）适用专业: 0701Z1决策学一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为 150 分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构和题型结构（考试的内容比例及题型）内容结构：微积分。

题型结构为计算题、求解题和证明题。

二、考查目标（复习要求）要求考生系统地理解高等数学的基本概念和基本理论，掌握高等数学的基本方法。

要求考生具有抽象思维能力、逻辑推理能力、数学运算能力和综合运用所学的知识分析问题和解决问题的能力。

三、考试内容与要求（一）函数、极限、连续考试内容函数的概念及表示法函数的有界性．单调性．周期性和奇偶性复合函数．反函数．分段函数和隐函数基本初等函数的性质及其图形初等函数函数关系的建立数列极限与函数极限的定义及其性质函数的左极限和右极限无穷小量和无穷大量的概念及其关系无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较极限的四则运算极限存在的两个准则：单调有界准则和夹逼准则两个重要极限：0sin lim 1x x x →= 1lim 1xx e x →∞⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭函数连续的概念函数间断点的类型初等函数的连续性闭区间上连续函数的性质考试要求1．理解函数的概念，掌握函数的表示法，会建立应用问题的函数关系． 2．了解函数的有界性．单调性．周期性和奇偶性．3．理解复合函数及分段函数的概念，了解反函数及隐函数的概念． 4．掌握基本初等函数的性质及其图形，了解初等函数的概念． 5．了解数列极限和函数极限（包括左极限与右极限）的概念．6．了解极限的性质与极限存在的两个准则，掌握极限的四则运算法则，掌握利用两个重要极限求极限的方法． 7．理解无穷小的概念和基本性质．掌握无穷小量的比较方法．了解无穷大量的概念及其与无穷小量的关系． 8．理解函数连续性的概念（含左连续与右连续），会判别函数间断点的类型． 9．了解连续函数的性质和初等函数的连续性，理解闭区间上连续函数的性质（有界性、最大值和最小值定理．介值定理)，并会应用这些性质．（二）一元函数微分学考试内容导数和微分的概念导数的几何意义和经济意义函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系平面曲线的切线与法线导数和微分的四则运算基本初等函数的导数复合函数．反函数和隐函数的微分法高阶导数一阶微分形式的不变性微分中值定理洛必达（L'Hospital ）法则函数单调性的判别函数的极值函数图形的凹凸性．拐点及渐近线函数图形的描绘函数的最大值与最小值考试要求1．理解导数的概念及可导性与连续性之间的关系，了解导数的几何意义与经济意义（含边际与弹性的概念），会求平面曲线的切线方程和法线方程．2．掌握基本初等函数的导数公式．导数的四则运算法则及复合函数的求导法则，会求分段函数的导数会求反函数与隐函数的导数．3．了解高阶导数的概念，会求简单函数的高阶导数．4．了解微分的概念，导数与微分之间的关系以及一阶微分形式的不变性，会求函数的微分．5．理解罗尔（Rolle ）定理．拉格朗日( Lagrange)中值定理．了解泰勒定理．柯西（Cauchy)中值定理，掌握这四个定理的简单应用．6．会用洛必达法则求极限．7．掌握函数单调性的判别方法，了解函数极值的概念，掌握函数极值、最大值和最小值的求法及其应用．8．会用导数判断函数图形的凹凸性（注：在区间(,)a b 内，设函数()f x 具有二阶导数．当()0f x ''>时，()f x 的图形是凹的；当()0f x ''<时，()f x 的图形是凸的），会求函数图形的拐点和渐近线．9．会描述简单函数的图形．（三）一元函数积分学考试内容原函数和不定积分的概念不定积分的基本性质基本积分公式定积分的概念和基本性质定积分中值定理积分上限的函数及其导数牛顿一莱布尼茨（Newton- Leibniz ）公式不定积分和定积分的换元积分法与分部积分法反常（广义）积分定积分的应用考试要求 1．理解原函数与不定积分的概念，掌握不定积分的基本性质和基本积分公式，掌握不定积分的换元积分法和分部积分法． 2．了解定积分的概念和基本性质，了解定积分中值定理，理解积分上限的函数并会求它的导数，掌握牛顿一莱布尼茨公式以及定积分的换元积分法和分部积分法．3．会利用定积分计算平面图形的面积．旋转体的体积和函数的平均值，会利用定积分求解简单的经济应用问题． 4．了解反常积分的概念，会计算反常积分．（四）多元函数微积分学考试内容多元函数的概念二元函数的几何意义二元函数的极限与连续的概念有界闭区域上二元连续函数的性质多元函数偏导数的概念与计算多元复合函数的求导法与隐函数求导法二阶偏导数全微分多元函数的极值和条件极值．最大值和最小值二重积分的概念．基本性质和计算无界区域上简单的反常二重积分考试要求1．了解多元函数的概念，了解二元函数的几何意义．2．了解二元函数的极限与连续的概念，了解有界闭区域上二元连续函数的性质．3．了解多元函数偏导数与全微分的概念,会求多元复合函数一阶、二阶偏导数，会求全微分,会求多元隐函数的偏导数． 4．了解多元函数极值和条件极值的概念，掌握多元函数极值存在的必要条件，了解二元函数极值存在的充分条件，会求二元函数的极值，会用拉格朗日乘数法求条件极值，会求简单多元函数的最大值和最小值，并会解决简单的应用问题．5．了解二重积分的概念与基本性质，掌握二重积分的计算方法（直角坐标．极坐标）．了解无界区域上较简单的反常二重积分并会计算．（五）无穷级数考试内容常数项级数收敛与发散的概念收敛级数的和的概念级数的基本性质与收敛的必要条件几何级数与p 级数及其收敛性正项级数收敛性的判别法任意项级杰的绝对收敛与条件收敛交错级数与莱布尼茨定理幂级数及其收敛半径．收敛区间（指开区间）和收敛域幂级数的和函数幂级数在其收敛区间内的基本性质简单幂级数的和函数的求法初等函数的幂级数展开式考试要求1．了解级数的收敛与发散．收敛级数的和的概念．2．了解级数的基本性质和级数收敛的必要条件，掌握几何级数及p 级数的收敛与发散的条件，掌握正项级数收敛性的比较判别法和比值判别法．3．了解任意项级数绝对收敛与条件收敛的概念以及绝对收敛与收敛的关系，了解交错级数的莱布尼茨判别法． 4．会求幂级数的收敛半径、收敛区间及收敛域．5．了解幂级数在其收敛区间内的基本性质（和函数的连续性、逐项求导和逐项积分），会求简单幂级数在其收敛区间内的和函数．6．了解xe ．sin x ．cos x ．ln(1)x +及(1)x α+的麦克劳林（Maclaurin ）展开式．（六）常微分方程与差分方程考试内容常微分方程的基本概念变量可分离的微分方程齐次微分方程一阶线性微分方程线性微分方程解的性质及解的结构定理二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程及简单的非齐次线性微分方程差分与差分方程的概念差分方程的通解与特解一阶常系数线性差分方程微分方程的简单应用考试要求1．了解微分方程及其阶、解、通解、初始条件和特解等概念．2．掌握变量可分离的微分方程．齐次微分方程和一阶线性微分方程的求解方法． 3．会解二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程．4．了解线性微分方程解的性质及解的结构定理，会解自由项为多项式．指数函数．正弦函数．余弦函数的二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程．5．了解差分与差分方程及其通解与特解等概念． 6．了解一阶常系数线性差分方程的求解方法． 7．会用微分方程求解简单的经济应用问题．参考教材《高等数学》（上、下册），同济大学数学教研室主编，高等教育出版社，2007年第六版。

2010-2013年江西师范大学827真题

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。

2013上大翻硕真题

2013上大翻硕真题翻硕英语1,30个选择题。

生词很少，大多是容易忽视的语法和词汇比较，比如it's about time...it's high time...it's the first time...再比如regretful,regretable,regretting,regretted.....2，4篇阅读。

前两篇选择，后两篇问答。

p1是07年专八阅读真题textA，关于Welsh语言和民族resurgence的。

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the count ry’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” saidDyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan co ntinued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”（源自/view/2f88c61dff00bed5b9f31d5f.html）p2是讲网络个人信息隐私不安全的，比较好找，选项直接。

2013MTI英语翻译基础真题回忆版

QE3CNNthe Eighteenth National Congress of the CPCUS pivot to AsiaIMFASEANThe Gaza Strip长三角中产收入陷阱纳米技术独立自主的和平外交政策钓鱼岛争端【想不起了待补充】英译汉Broken BRICs （毁了的“金砖四国）Why the Rest Stopped RisingBy Ruchir SharmaNovember/December 2012Over the past several years, the most talked-about trend in the global economy has been the so-called rise of the rest, which saw the economies of many developing countries swiftly converging with those of their more developed peers. The primary engines behind this phenomenon were the four major emerging-market countries, known as the BRICs: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The world was witnessing a once-in-a-lifetime shift, the argument went, in which the major players in the developing world were catching up to or even surpassing their counterparts in the developed world.These forecasts typically took the developing world's high growthrates from the middle of the last decade and extended them straight into the future, juxtaposing them against predicted sluggish growthin the United States and other advanced industrial countries. Such exercises supposedly proved that, for example, China was on the verge of overtaking the United States as the world's largest economy-apoint that Americans clearly took to heart, as over 50 percent of them, according to a Gallup poll conducted this year, said they think that China is already the world's "leading" economy, even though the U.S. economy is still more than twice as large (and with a per capita income seven times as high).As with previous straight-line projections of economic trends, however-such as forecasts in the 1980s that Japan would soon be number one economically-later returns are throwing cold water on the extravagant predictions. With the world economy heading for its worst year since 2009, Chinese growth is slowing sharply, from doubledigits down to seven percent or even less. And the rest of the BRICs are tumbling, too: since 2008, Brazil's annual growth has droppedfrom 4.5 percent to two percent; Russia's, from seven percent to 3.5 percent; and India's, from nine percent to six percent.None of this should be surprising, because it is hard to sustainrapid growth for more than a decade. The unusual circumstances of the last decade made it look easy: coming off the crisis-ridden 1990s and fueled by a global flood of easy money, the emerging markets took off in a mass upward swing that made virtually every economy a winner. By 2007, when only three countries in the world suffered negative growth, recessions had all but disappeared from the international scene. But now, there is a lot less foreign money flowing into emerging markets. The global economy is returning to its normal state of churn, with many laggards and just a few winners rising in unexpected places. The implications of this shift are striking, because economic momentum is power, and thus the flow of money to rising stars will reshape the global balance of power.【译文出自网络，仅供参考】为何“其它国家”停止增长？全球经济中提到最多的趋势是所谓的“其它国家”的崛起。

江西师范大学2013年827学科英语考研真题

江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, andwasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start sho pping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users c ould tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in P aragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to[A] ease competition among themselves.[B] lower their operational costs.[C] avoid complaints from consumers.[D] provide better online services.27. “The industry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to[A] online advertisers.[B] e-commerce conductors.[C] digital information analysis.[D] internet browser developers.28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default.[A] may cut the number of junk ads.[B] fails to affect the ad industry.[C] will not benefit consumers.[D] goes against human nature.29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of[A] indulgence.[B] understanding.[C] appreciation.[D] skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely —though by no means uniformly —glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversatio n of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment.[B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks.[D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are[A] a sustained species.[B] a threat to the environment.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a misplaced race.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majorit y overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, rul ed that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Thre e provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41) . Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) . This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) .When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) . This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had acategory specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) . That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented andpublishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers publishedglobally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal.Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behaviour: all require behavioural change and social innovations, aswell as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some areup in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all researchand development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; 46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. 47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. 48) The gardens of the homeless which are in eff ect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environmentin which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, 49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal lift, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingP art ADirections:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案详解Section ⅠUse of English1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和固定搭配题。

江西师范大学2011年翻译硕士研究生入学考试答案(_A___卷)

江西师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试评分标准（ A 卷）专业：翻译硕士科目：翻译硕士英语注：如确实无法提供标准答案的，也请给出详细且易操作的评分标准。

（本评分标准共 2 页）I.Vocabulary: (10 points, 1 X 1)Answer keys: 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.aII.Proofreading and Error Correction: (20 points, 1 X1)(1)damning→damnably(2)︷= never → [ and never more so ](3)in →for(4)taking →taken(5)they →we(6)︷= no → [ no more than ](7)Saying →speaking(8)should →can(9)︷= that → [ such as that “A”](10)√(11)rises →arises(12)a nother →other(13)√(14)Thus →It(15)take →make(16)with →to(17)／ = that(18)refer →imply(19)√(20)／ = theIII. Reading Comprehension: (30 points, 1 X 2)Answer Keys: 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.c 10.a11.d 12.d 13.c 14.b 15.cIV. Read the following passage and answer the questions briefly: (10 points) Question 1:New technology of searching doesn’t need to have the same form as old ones. Question 2:Prabhaker Raghavan believes that demands are more than supply on the web.V. Writing (30 points)作文评分标准：本题满分为30分，阅卷标准分为五等，阅卷人员根据评分标准在同一个档次酌情给分，具体标准如下：第一档（1--- 5分）条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，或大部分均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

2012年江西师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题

2012年江西师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、英译汉(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.CEO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.UNESCO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.EQ（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.WHO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.IMF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.WWW（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.FOB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.summit conference（分数：1.00）9.walkman（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.visiting scholar（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.request program（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.vanity projects（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.target language（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Foreign Affairs and Overseas Chinese Office（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.low-carbon lifestyle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、汉译英(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.主题公园（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.到岸价（分数：1.00）18.追星族（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.博客（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.以人为本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.同声传译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.直译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.公务员制度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.可持续发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.同比（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.共赢（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________27.源语（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________28.第三产业（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________29.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________30.长江三角洲（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、语篇翻译(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.From the Cabby's SeatO. HenryClose to the curb stood Jerry O' Donovan's cab. Night-hawk was Jerry called; but no more lustrous or cleaner hansom① than his ever closed its doors upon point lace and November violets. And Jerry's horse! I am within bounds when I tell you that he was stuffed with oats until one of those old ladies who leave their dishes unwashed at home and go about having expressmen arrested, would have smiled—yes, smiled—to have seen him.Among the shifting, sonorous, pulsing crowd glimpses could be had of Jerry’s high hat, battered by the winds and rains of many years; of his nose like a carrot, battered by the frolicsome② , athletic progeny③ of millionaires and by contumacious fares: of his brassbuttoned green coat, admired in the vicinity of McGary's was plain that Jerry had usurped the functions of his cab, and was carrying a “load.” Indeed, the figure may be extended and he be likened to a bread-wagon if we admit the testimony of a youthful spectator, who was heard to remark “Jerry has got a bun.”From somewhere among the throng in the street or else out of the thin stream of pedestrians a young woman tripped and stood by the cab. The professional hawk's eye of Jerry caught the movement. He made a lurch for the cab, overturning three or four onlookers and himself— no！ He caught the cap of a water-plug and kept his feet. Like asailor shinning up the ratlins④ during a squall Jerry mounted to his professional seat. Once he was there McGary's liquids were baffled. He seesawed on the mizzenmast of his craft as safe as a Steeple Jack rigged to the flagpole of a skyscraper.“Step in, lady,” said Jerry, gathering his lines. The young woman stepped into the cab; the doors shut with a bang; Jerry's whip cracked in the air; the crowd in the gutter scattered, and the fine hansom dashed away' cross town.When the oat-spry horse had hedged a little his first spurt of speed Jerry broke the lid of his cab and called down through the aperture⑤ in the voice of a cracked megaphone, trying to please:“Where, now, will ye be drivin' to?”“Anywhere you please, ” came up the answer, musical and contented.“ ’Tis drivin’ for pleasure she is, “thought Jerry. And then he suggested as a matter of course:“Take a trip around in the park, lady. Twill be ilegant cool and fine.”“Just as you like,” answered the fare, pleasantly.The cab headed for Fifth avenue and sped up that perfect street. Jerry bounced and swayed in his seat. The potent fluids of McGary were disquieted and they sent new fumes to his head. He sang an ancient song of Killisnook and brandished his whip like a baton.（提示：这个马车夫喝醉了。

江西师范大学2013年827学科英语考研真题

江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。