河南省焦作市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题
河南省南阳市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题
2023 年秋期高中三年级期中质量评估英语试题说明：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题，满分95分)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，满分55分)两部分。
2. 将所有答案均按题号填涂或填写在答题卡或答题纸相应的答题处，否则不得分。
满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题, 共 95分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want his pie served with?A. Cream.B. Cheese.C. Nothing.2. Who is the woman probably?A. A customer.B. An eye specialist.C. An online shop owner.3. Which jeans will the boy wear?A. The white ones.B. The black ones.C. The blue ones.4. What does the man think of the woman's hair?A. Short hair suits her.B. She should grow it long.C. Her hair grows slowly.A. Once.B. Twice.C. Three time.第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或读白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。
2023-2024学年河南省部分名校联盟高二上学期秋季期中检测英语试题
2023-2024学年河南省部分名校联盟高二上学期秋季期中检测英语试题The New Writers Flash Fiction Competition 2024 is open and we’re seeking your best stories of up to 300 words before January 31st,2024. You can find the full details about the competition on the New Writers Flash Fiction Competition 2024 page.There’s a tidy top prize of £．1,000 as well as £300 for the second-placed story and £200 for third. We’re also happy that famous author Stephanie Carty has agree d to be our head judge. You can check out details of her published works at her website: .The entry fees are £10 (one entry),£19 (two entries), or£27(three entries), with early bird entry fees (￡8/£15/£．22) available until 30th November, 2023. Note that £1 from each entry will be given freeto First Story, which is England’s leading creative writing charity for young people.The competition is open to people from anywhere in the world and there is no set theme or genre(类型), though it’s not a competition for “children’s stories”.Also, we want to make the competition accessible to as many writers as possible. We therefore have up to 50 free entries for low-income writers, available on a first-come, first-served basis, but remember to submit(提交) the entries before 15th January, 2024.Free entries are available to writers from low-income households. If you would like to apply for a freeentry,*******************************.ukbeforemiddayonMonday15thJanuary,2024.So if you would like to enter the Flash Fiction Competition and get the chance to win the top prize, head over to the competition page now. And please make sure that you read the full terms and conditions before entering. Good luck!1. How much is needed for an entry submitted in December, 2023?A．£8. B． £． 10. C．£15. D．£19.2. What can we know about this contest?A．It is a global competition. B．Its prizes come from a charity.C．Its target group is poor writers. D．It is organized by Stephanie Carty.3. What is a requirement for a free entry?A．It needs an application in advance.B．It must be around the given theme.C．It should be emailed to the judge directly.D．It must be submitted before 31st January, 2024.I was driving when I received a new email. Filled with expectation , I pulled over and eagerly opened it. My emotions quickly changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had beenrefused a promotion to full professor. I was sad that the place I worked in didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table.When I told my family that news at night, my children offered a surprising response. They were excited to see what I was going to do next, they said. They clearly knew long before I did that losing my application for a promotion would turn out to be the best thing that could have happened for me.To my surprise, having a final answer brought a welcome sense of closure. Once it was all over, I realized how tiring the process had been. For 15 months, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university. I was underweight. My self-worth was at an all-time low. I just wanted to regain my fitness and happiness.I wrote a letter of resignation(辞职)—but instead of sending it, I saved it on my desktop, ready to attach it to an email at any moment. Because I love working in academic circles too much to quietly quit, I decided to carry on in my existing position for a while but put my own values first. I began to say no to work that wasn’t personally rewarding so I would have more time to spend with m y children, exercise, eat well, and sleep more. I disconnected from people in my life who are against my values, and developed my relationships with those who bring out the best in me.As my mental health improved, I rethought about my institution and concluded it was no longer serving me well. A month after that email, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. This time the email brought a job offer with a promotion to full professor and more salaries from a famous university.4. What’s the children’s attitude to the author’s news?A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unclear.5. What did the author do after being rejected?A．He posted a letter of resignation immediately.B．He prepared for the next application.C．He turned to his friends for more help.D．He focused more on personal health and joy.6. Which word can best describe the author?A．Unadaptable. B．Flexible. C．Imaginative. D．Generous.7. What lesson can be learned from the author’s experience?A．Hard work will pay off. B．Experience must be bought.C．He who does not advance loses ground. D．Misfortune may be an actual good turn. The dust settled earlier this week after attendees at the annual Burning Man festival were finally given the green light to leave after heavy rains turned the event grounds into a muddy pool that prevented tens of thousands of people from driving out. Festival goers were told to save food and water until the ground dried sufficiently for cars, trucks, and RVs to drive on.For some, the uncooperative weather may remain only an unfortunate footnote in the storied history of this increasingly popular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But for others, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannot escape from the cruel realities of global warming.One of Burning Man’s most well-known principles is to “leave no trace(痕迹)”, where partygoers are encouraged to pick up every bit of pieces and“ matter that is out of place” in order to leave the site in a good s tate. However, despite attendees’ efforts to leave no trace on the site itself, local residents in the nearest town, have spoken out about how their town has become a junkyard after the event.Then, there are the scientists who say that the site’s delicate(脆弱的) ecosystem is put under great pressure each year. Though the pale sands of the desert may seem like they don’t support much life, it’s actually an ancient, dried lakebed that reawakens under rain.In fact, during the festival’．s opening, a climate organization blocked traffic temporarily from entering the festival grounds, whose aim was to draw attention to the fact that the event produces about 100,000 tons of CO₂ a year—90% of that coming from travel as people drive and fly to reach the festival.Though Burning Man has taken measures to make the festival greener, some protesters(抗议者) are pointing out that it’s simply not enough. Burning Man as a phenomenon has clearly reached a crossroads. Given the real environmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time for organizers and community members to rethink how the festival continues going forward.8. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 probably refer to?A．The storied history. B．The bad weather.C．The huge event. D．The global warming.9. What can be learned from paragraph 3?A．The partygoers are not responsible at all.B．Burning Man has set up the most famous principle.C．Local residents often have an argument with attendees.D．There is a gap between the organizers’ wishes and reality.10. Why did the climate organization prevent the entry of traffic?A．To reduce the risks of car accidents.B．To limit the number of attendees.C．To attract people’s attention to the festival.D．To raise people’s awareness of the carbon footprint.11. What can be the best title for the text?A．It Is Time to Rethink Burning Man B．Burning Man Is Losing Its AppealC．Global Warming Is Ruining Our Life D．Burning Man Met Heavy RainIn a box stands a baby black-tailed godwit, which is only a few days old and, in a few weeks, this bird will set off on an extraordinary journey. First, it will be carefully loaded into the back of a truck with nine other young godwits and driven 1,000 kilometers east to Poland. From there, it will join the local black-tailed godwits on a vast migration(迁徙), traveling 3,600 kilometers south to sub-Saharan Africa.In the process, this little bird will help answer a fundamental question that has been troubling shorebird biologist Theunis Piersm a for more than 30 years: Are godwits born with their migratory routes programmed into their genes(基因), or do they learn it from other birds?Piersm a and his co-workers raised dozens of wild black-tailed godwits they collected from nests in the Netherlands’ north. They equipped the birds with tiny devices and freed them to migrate. Half were let go from their home; the others were trucked to Poland. Every 36 hours, the birds’ solar-powered devices reported their locations to passing satellites—and on to the biologists’ c omputers. Throughout 2015 and 2016, the scientists tracked 80 godwits, and all but one of the birds trucked to Poland assumed the Polish birds’ route. By tracking the birds’ progress, Piersma proved his idea that social learning, not genes, is driving the godwits’ migration.Though how the birds are learning from each other remains unclear, Piersm a thinks the godwits are not simply following the crowd. Instead, he believes they are somehow sharing information of their route with each other before they leave.Piersm a believes that the key point of this work—that scientists have been overvaluing the contributions of genes to bird migration—can extend(扩展) beyond shorebirds to other groups, such as songbirds, whose migration routes are seemingly related to their genes.In a changing world, Piersma believes godwits’ ability to learn new migration routes may make them more adaptable.12. What were the baby birds used to do?A．To add to the diversity of the local species.B．To explore the main reason for birds’ migration.C．To test birds’ ability to adapt to the new surroundings.D．To find out the key factor in the selection of migratory routes.13. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assumed” in paragraph 4?A．Guessed. B．Changed. C．Adopted. D．Avoided.14. Why did Piersma mention songbirds?A．To show the conclusion of the study is reliable.B．To point out the contribution of genes is great.C．To stress scientific discovery applies universally.D．To prove shorebirds have similar genes to songbirds.15. What is mainly talked about in the text?A．Birds migrate along the same route.B．Birds differ from one another.C．Birds can learn from each other when migrating.D．Genes play a great part in birds’ migration.How to Avoid Post-Vacation StressLike many of us, I turn to vacation as a way to re charge from the daily stress of my life. Vacation can offer us many benefits, from creating memories to disconnection to rest. 16But something that many of us forget to do is to put in place a post-vacation plan. A plan that allows us to slowly return to our pre-vacation life and work pace. Or, if we’．re lucky, a plan that allows us to reduce that real-world pace altogether. 17 Then focusing on your post-vacation plan is a must.Plan post-vacatio n leisure activities. There’s a tendency when we get back from vacation to feel like we should stop leisure activities for a while. 18 If you’ve felt that, that is not scientific. In fact, research finds that planning post-vacation leisure activities can help you remain a good state, especially if the activity encourages relaxation.19 Just as job stress can reduce our vacation return on investment, so can home-related stress. Before leaving for your vacation, anticipate(预期) the stress that might happen when you return and make preparations for them.Fridge empty and you’ll need to grocery shop when you’re back? Loa d up the Instacart basket before you leave and submit the order on your drive back home. Will it be the end of the month requiring you to pay bills? ．Schedule payment in advance for all bills electronically. 20 This will make you less stressed when you are back from vacation.In a word, while we are still in the height of vacation season, consider investing just as much forethought and time in planning the post-vacation transition as you do the actual vacation. Your well-being will thank you!Going on a honeymoon adventure is something lots of couples do. However, few of them have the ______ of saving a life. When Zachary Lazev and his wife made their way to Rome,everything______ . But things took a turn for a fellow passenger on their way back home.While on a United Airlines flight, an attendant asked passengers if there were any ______providers on board. Zachary, who is a doctor, didn’t ______ to leap into action.Two other emergency nurses ______ Zachary, all of them learning that a woman was suffering from dangerously low blood pressure. ______, they began to make use of the medical supplies they could ______.Despite the ______ they were able to provide for her, it became clear to Zachary that this passenger ______ so much more. In fact, her health had worsened to the point where he knew s he wouldn’t make it to their destination. ______ this, the plan e was turned around for an emergency landing in Paris. Back there, French EMS waited for her arrival.No one can ______ prepare for an emergency like this one. Zachary expressed his ______ to his college and his hospital for the ______ he needed at that moment.“We usually work in the operating rooms, a ______ environment,” Zachary said. “This certainly isn’t, but I will say sometimes you can ______ yourself by doing what you never think you’re able to do.”21.A．dream B．ability C．experience D．duty22.A．sped up B．came back C．worked out D．took off23.A．healthcare B．finance C．technology D．training24.A．hesitate B．expect C．forget D．stop25.A．reminded B．introduced C．invited D．joined26.A．Rather B．Together C．Still D．Moreover27.A．reach B．change C．examine D．afford28.A．suggestions B．support C．evidence D．opportunities29.A．donated B．achieved C．wasted D．needed30.A．Apart from B．Due to C．Instead of D．As for31.A．merely B．slightly C．truly D．immediately32.A．intention B．determination C．appreciation D．apology33.A．knowledge B．time C．equipment D．patience34.A．learning B．controlled C．crowded D．public35.A．adjust B．protect C．cure D．amaze阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
河南省焦作市第一中学2024届高三上学期11月月考数学试题
河南省焦作市第一中学2024届高三上学期11月月考数学试题一、单选题1．已知集合{}{}223,log 1M x x N x x =-≤≤=≤，则M N =I （ ）A ．[2,3]-B ．[2,2]-C ．(0,2]D ．(0,3] 2．若0,0a b >>，则“1ab <”是“1a b +<”的（ ）A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件3．若3tan 4α=，则21sin 212sin αα+=-（ ） A ．17- B ．7- C ．17 D ．74．已知ABC V 是边长为1的等边三角形，点D ，E 分别是边,AB BC 的中点，连结DE 并延长到点F ，使得2DE EF =，则AF BC ⋅u u u r u u u r 的值为（ ）A ．18-B ．18C ．1D ．8-5．定义方程()()f x f x '=的实数根0x 叫做函数()f x 的“躺平点”.若函数()ln g x x =，3()1h x x =-的“躺平点”分别为α，β，则α，β的大小关系为（ ）A ．αβ≥B ．αβ>C ．αβ≤D ．αβ<6．已知x ，y 为非零实数，向量a r ，b r 为非零向量，则“a b a b +=+r r r r ”是“存在非零实数x ，y ，使得0xa yb +=r r r ”的（ ）A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件7．在ABC V 中，AB AC ⊥u u u r u u u r ，且AB AC ==u u u r u u u r ，M 是BC 的中点，O 是线段AM 的中点，则()OA OB OC ⋅+u u u r u u u r u u u r 的值为（ ）A ．0B ．C ．12-D ．28．如图，圆M 为ABC V 的外接圆，4AB =，6AC =，N 为边BC 的中点，则AN AM ⋅=u u u r u u u u r （ ）A ．5B ．10C ．13D ．26二、多选题9．已知实数a 满足，3i 2i 1i a +=+-（i 为虚数单位），复数(1)(1)i z a a =++-，则（ ） A ．z 为纯虚数 B ．2z 为虚数 C ．0z z += D ．4z z ⋅= 10．已知不等式2210x ax b ++->的解集是{}x x d ≠，则b 的值可能是（ ）A ．1-B ．3C ．2D ．011．关于函数()sin |||cos |f x x x =+有下述四个结论，则（ ）A ．()f x 是偶函数B ．()f x 的最小值为1-C ．()f x 在[2,2]ππ-上有4个零点D ．()f x 在区间,2ππ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭单调递增 12．如图，正方形ABCD 与正方形DEFC 边长均为1，平面ABCD 与平面DEFC 互相垂直，P 是AE 上的一个动点，则（ ）A ．CPB ．当P 在直线AE 上运动时，三棱锥D BPF-的体积不变C ．PD PF +D ．三棱锥A DCE -的外接球表面积为3π三、填空题13．已知曲线e ln x y m x x =+在1x =处的切线方程为3y x n =+，则n =.14．已知数列{}n a 是等差数列，1370,30a a a >+=，则使0n S >的最大整数n 的值为. 15．某区域规划建设扇形观景水池，同时紧贴水池周边建设一圈人行步道.要求总预算费用24万元，水池造价为每平方米400元，步道造价为每米1000元（不考虑宽度厚度等因素），则水池面积最大值为平方米.16．已知()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数，且(1)()f x f x -=，则()f x 的最小正周期为；若对任意的121,0,2x x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，当时12x x ≠，都有()()1212f x f x x x π->-，则关于x 的不等式()sin f x x π≤在区间33,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上的解集为.四、解答题17．已知向量2sin ,2sin 4a x x π⎛⎫⎛⎫=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭r，向量cos sin )b x x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭r ，记()()f x a b x =⋅∈R r r .(1)求()f x 表达式；(2)解关于x 的不等式()1f x ≥.18．记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和，已知11,n n S a a ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭是公差为13的等差数列． (1)求{}n a 的通项公式；(2)证明：121112na a a +++<L ． 19．ABC V 中，sin 2A －sin 2B －sin 2C =sin B sin C ．(1)求A ；(2)若BC =3，求ABC V 面积的最大值．20．已知数列{}n a 满足111,22n n na a a a +==-． (1)若11n nb a =-，证明数列{}n b 为等比数列，并求通项公式n b ； (2)数列{}nc 的前n 项和为(1)1,2(*)2n n n n S c b n N -+=+∈，求2n S ． 21．有人收集了春节期间平均气温x 与某取暖商品销售额y 的有关数据，如下表所示．(1)根据以上数据，用最小二乘法求出回归方程$$y bxa =+$； (2)预测平均气温为9C ︒-时，该商品的销售额为多少万元． ()()()$1122211,n ni i i ii i n n ii i i x x y y x y nx y b a y bx x x x nx ====---===---∑∑∑∑$$ 22．设函数()()ln f x a x =-，已知0x =是函数()y xf x =的极值点． （1）求a ；（2）设函数()()()x f x g x xf x +=．证明:()1g x <．。
2023-2024学年河南省焦作市高二(上)期中数学试卷【答案版】
2023-2024学年河南省焦作市高二（上）期中数学试卷一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．已知集合A ={−3，−2，1，3}，B ={x|3x ＜19}，则A ∩B ＝（ ） A ．{﹣3，﹣2}B ．{﹣3}C ．{3}D ．{1，3}2．已知双曲线C ：x 24−y 2b2=1(b ＞0)的一条渐近线与直线x ﹣3y ﹣2＝0平行，则b ＝（ ）A ．36B ．4√2C ．6D ．233．已知a ，b ∈R ，若z 1=a−i1+i与z 2＝b ﹣3i 是共轭复数，则a ＝（ ） A ．﹣7B ．﹣4C ．2D ．54．图1所示的明矾晶体可近似看作一个正八面体P ﹣ABCD ﹣Q （图2），其中P ﹣ABCD ，Q ﹣ABCD 均为所有棱长都相等的正四棱锥，若AB →=a →，AD →=b →，AP →=c →，则PQ →=（ ）A ．a →+b →+2c →B ．2a →+2b →+2c →C ．−a →−b →+2c →D ．a →+b →−2c →5．已知直线l ：y ＝2x 与圆C ：x 2+y 2+2x ﹣4ay +1＝0（a ≠0）交于A ，B 两点，且点C 到直线l 的距离等于|AB |，则a 的值为（ ） A ．1 B ．2√5+4C ．1或−13D ．2√5+4或2√5−46．已知椭圆C ：x 225+y 29=1的右焦点为F ，点E （0，2），点P 是C 上的动点，则|PF |+|PE |的最小值为（ ） A ．5B ．10−2√5C ．10D ．10+2√57．已知点A （﹣3，0），B （3，0），若在直线l 上有唯一点P 满足P A ⊥PB ，且有唯一点Q 满足|QA |＝2|QB |，则符合条件的l 有（ ） A ．4条B ．3条C ．2条D ．1条8．已知正六边形ABCDEF ，把四边形ABCD 沿直线AD 翻折，使得点B ，C 到达B 1，C 1且二面角B 1﹣AD﹣E 的平面角为120°．若点A ，B 1，C 1，D ，E ，F 都在球O 1的表面上，点O 1，B 1，C 1，E ，F 都在球O 2的表面上，则球O 2与球O 1的表面积之比为（ ） A ．34B ．43C ．√3D ．√32二、选择题（共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分） 9．已知双曲线C ：x 2a 2−y 24=1(a ＞0)，当a 变动时，下列结论正确的是（ ） A ．C 的焦点恒在x 轴上 B ．C 的焦距恒大于4C ．C 的离心率恒大于2D ．C 的一个焦点到其中一条渐近线的距离不变10．已知在平面直角坐标系中，点A （x 1，y 1），B （x 2，y 2）是不重合的两点，则下列结论错误的是（ ） A ．直线AB 的方程为y−y 1x−x 1=y 2−y 1x 2−x 1B ．若2x 1﹣y 1﹣1＝0，2x 2﹣y 2﹣1＝0，则直线AB 的方程为2x ﹣y ﹣1＝0C ．若3x 1﹣y 1﹣1＝0，3x 2﹣y 2+4＝0，则|AB |的值可以是√2D ．若x 12+y 12=x 22+y 22=4，y 1x 1−3=y2x 2−3，且|AB |是定值，则直线AB 有2条11．已知空间直角坐标系O ﹣xyz 中，点A （1，0，1），B （﹣1，﹣1，2），C （0，1，2），则下列结论正确的是（ ）A ．直线AB 的一个方向向量的坐标为（2，1，﹣1）B ．直线AC 与平面xOy 的交点坐标为（2，1，0） C ．点B 关于平面yOz 的对称点为B ′（1，﹣1，2）D ．∠BAC 为钝角12．已知函数f(x)={sin 2x cosx ，x ≠π2+kπ，cosx ，x =π2+kπ(k ∈Z)，则下列结论正确的是（ ） A ．f （x ）在区间(0，π2)上单调递增 B ．若f （α）＝1，则cos α有2个不同的取值 C ．f （x ）的图象关于点(π2，0)对称D ．若f （x ）在区间（0，x 0）上有且仅有10个零点，则x 0的取值范围是(5π，11π2) 三、填空题（共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分）13．若函数f(x)=log 3(9x +1)+(ax +3)2是偶函数，则实数a ＝ ．14．已知点O （0，0，0），A （2，0，1），B （﹣1，0，2），则△OAB 的面积为 ．15．著名数学家笛卡尔曾经给出一个四圆相切的定理：半径分别为r 1，r 2，r 3的三个圆两两外切，同时又都与半径为r 4的圆外切，则2(1r 1r 2+1r 1r 3+1r 1r 4+1r 2r 3+1r 2r 4+1r 3r 4)=1r 12+1r 22+1r 32+1r 42．已知O 1（﹣2，0），O 2(2，0)，O 3(0，32)，若圆O 1，O 2，O 3两两外切，且都与圆O 4外切，其中圆O 1，O 2的半径相等，则圆O 4的标准方程为 ． 16．已知椭圆C 1：x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1（a ＞b ＞0）与抛物线C 2：y 2＝2px （p ＞0）交于点A ，B ，直线AB 与x 轴的交点既是C 1的右焦点，也是C 2的焦点，点A ，B 关于原点的对称点分别为A '，B '，点P 是C 1上与A ，A '，B ，B '均不重合的点，记直线P A ，P A '的斜率分别为k ，k '，则kk '−4kk′= ． 四、解答题：共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17．（10分）某沙漠地区每年有2个月属于雨季，10个月属于旱季．经过初步治理该沙漠地区某年旱季的月降水量（单位：mm ）依次达到12.1，12.0，10.4，10.5，12.5，14.1，14.3，14.3，16.7，18.1．记这组数据的第40百分位数与平均数分别为m ，x ． （1）求m ，x ；（2）已知雨季的月降水量均大于旱季的月降水量，该沙漠地区人工种植了甲、乙两种植物，当月降水量低于12.0mm 时甲种植物需要浇水，当月降水量低于15.0mm 时乙种植物需要浇水，求这一年的某月甲、乙两种植物都需要浇水的概率及二者中有植物需要浇水的概率．18．（12分）在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知点F （﹣2，0），直线l ：x ＝3，动点P （x ，y ）（x ≤0）到l 的距离等于|PF |+1．设动点P 的轨迹为曲线C ． （1）求C 的方程；（2）若直线x ＝my ﹣4与曲线C 交于A ，B 两点，证明：OA →⋅OB →为定值．19．（12分）如图，在三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中，侧面ABB 1A 1与侧面ACC 1A 1都是菱形，AA 1＝AB 1＝2，∠BAC ＝∠AA 1C 1＝120°．记AB →=a →，AA 1→=b →，AC →=c →． （1）用a →，b →，c →表示AB 1→，BC 1→，并证明BC 1⊥AB 1； （2）若D 为棱A 1C 1的中点，求线段BD 的长．20．（12分）在△ABC 中，点D 是BC 边上一点，BD ＝2AD ，AD ＝2DC ． （1）求证：5AB 2+20AC 2＝8BC 2；（2）若∠BAC 是锐角，∠BAD ＝∠CAD 且AB +AC ＝5，△ABC 的面积为4825，求sin B ．21．（12分）如图，在四棱台ABCD ﹣A 1B 1C 1D 1中，四边形ABCD 是边长为4的正方形，AA 1＝5，A 1B 1＝3，AA 1⊥平面ABCD ，E 为CC 1的中点． （1）求直线AC 1与平面B 1CD 1所成角的正弦值；（2）若平面α经过BE 且与AC 1平行，求点B 1到平面α的距离．22．（12分）已知椭圆C ：x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1（a ＞b ＞0）经过A 1(√2，0)，A 2(√2，1)，A 3(√2，−1)，A 4(0，√2)中的3个点． （1）求C 的方程．（2）若直线x ＝ty +√2(t ≠0)与C 交于点M ，N ，点M 关于x 轴的对称点为M '，点D 是△MNM '的外接圆圆心，判断在x 轴上是否存在定点P ，使得|DP||MN|为定值．若存在，求出点P 的坐标及|DP||MN|的值；若不存在，请说明理由．2023-2024学年河南省焦作市高二（上）期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．已知集合A ={−3，−2，1，3}，B ={x|3x ＜19}，则A ∩B ＝（ ） A ．{﹣3，﹣2}B ．{﹣3}C ．{3}D ．{1，3}解：因为不等式3x ＜19可化为3x ＜3﹣2，解得x ＜﹣2，则B ＝（﹣∞，﹣2），所以A ∩B ＝{﹣3}． 故选：B ．2．已知双曲线C ：x 24−y 2b 2=1(b ＞0)的一条渐近线与直线x ﹣3y ﹣2＝0平行，则b ＝（ ）A ．36B ．4√2C ．6D ．23解：由题设，双曲线渐近线为y =±b2x （b ＞0），其中一条与y =13x −23平行，所以b2=13⇒b =23．故选：D ．3．已知a ，b ∈R ，若z 1=a−i1+i与z 2＝b ﹣3i 是共轭复数，则a ＝（ ） A ．﹣7B ．﹣4C ．2D ．5解：由题设z 1=a−i1+i =(a−i)(1−i)(1+i)(1−i)=a−1−(a+1)i2，与z 2＝b ﹣3i 是共轭复数， 所以a+12=−3⇒a =−7．故选：A ．4．图1所示的明矾晶体可近似看作一个正八面体P ﹣ABCD ﹣Q （图2），其中P ﹣ABCD ，Q ﹣ABCD 均为所有棱长都相等的正四棱锥，若AB →=a →，AD →=b →，AP →=c →，则PQ →=（ ）A ．a →+b →+2c →B ．2a →+2b →+2c →C ．−a →−b →+2c →D ．a →+b →−2c →解：连接AC ，BD 交于点O ，如图所示：则AO →=12AC →=12(AB →+AD →)，PQ →=2PO →=2（AO →−AP →）＝2[12（AB →+AD →）−AP →]=AB →+AD →−2AP →=a →+b →−2c →．故选：D ．5．已知直线l ：y ＝2x 与圆C ：x 2+y 2+2x ﹣4ay +1＝0（a ≠0）交于A ，B 两点，且点C 到直线l 的距离等于|AB |，则a 的值为（ ） A ．1 B ．2√5+4C ．1或−13D ．2√5+4或2√5−4解：圆C ：x 2+y 2+2x ﹣4ay +1＝0（a ≠0）即（x +1）2+（y ﹣2a ）2＝4a 2（a ≠0）， 所以圆心C （﹣1，2a ），半径r ＝|2a |， 则圆心到直线l ：y ＝2x 的距离d =|−2−2a|5， 因为点C 到直线l 的距离等于|AB |，所以d 2+(d2)2=r 2， 即(|−2−2a|√5)2+(|−1−a|√5)2=4a 2，解得a ＝1或a =−13． 故选：C ． 6．已知椭圆C ：x 225+y 29=1的右焦点为F ，点E （0，2），点P 是C 上的动点，则|PF |+|PE |的最小值为（ ） A ．5B ．10−2√5C ．10D ．10+2√5解：设F 1为椭圆的左焦点，则F 1（﹣4，0）， 由椭圆的定义可得|PF 1|+|PF |＝2×5＝10， 则|PF |＝10﹣|PF 1|，即|PF |+|PE |＝10+|PE |﹣|PF 1|， 又||PE|−|PF 1||≤|EF 1|=√(−4)2+22=2√5， 则−2√5≤|PE|−|PF 1|≤2√5，则|PF |+|PE |＝10+|PE |﹣|PF 1|≥10−2√5，当且仅当点P 在EF 1的延长线上时取等号， 即|PF |+|PE |的最小值为10−2√5． 故选：B ．7．已知点A （﹣3，0），B （3，0），若在直线l 上有唯一点P 满足P A ⊥PB ，且有唯一点Q 满足|QA |＝2|QB |，则符合条件的l 有（ ） A ．4条B ．3条C ．2条D ．1条解：若P A ⊥PB ，则P 在以AB 为直径的圆上，对应方程为x 2+y 2＝9，令Q （x ，y ），由题设有（x +3）2+y 2＝4（x ﹣3）2+4y 2，整理得（x ﹣5）2+y 2＝16， 所以直线l 与圆x 2+y 2＝9、（x ﹣5）2+y 2＝16均有且只有一个交点，即直线与两圆都相切， 又两圆圆心距离为5，半径之和为7，故两圆相交，它们的公切线有2条， 所以符合条件的l 有2条． 故选：C ．8．已知正六边形ABCDEF ，把四边形ABCD 沿直线AD 翻折，使得点B ，C 到达B 1，C 1且二面角B 1﹣AD ﹣E 的平面角为120°．若点A ，B 1，C 1，D ，E ，F 都在球O 1的表面上，点O 1，B 1，C 1，E ，F 都在球O 2的表面上，则球O 2与球O 1的表面积之比为（ ） A ．34B ．43C ．√3D ．√32解：由题设，若O 1为AD 中点，则OA ＝OB 1＝OC 1＝OD ＝OE ＝OF ， 令正六边形的边长为2，则球O 1的半径r ＝2，过C 1作C 1G ⊥DO 1于G ，连接EG ，由正六边形性质，△DC 1O 1，△EDO 1都为等边三角形， 所以G 为DO 1的中点，故EG ⊥DO 1，则二面角B 1﹣AD ﹣E 的平面角为∠EGC 1＝120°， GC 1=EG =√3，故C 1E ＝3，又C 1G ∩EG ＝G ，C 1G ，EG ⊂面EGC 1，故DO 1⊥面EGC 1，即DA ⊥面EGC 1， C 1E ⊂面EGC 1，则DA ⊥C 1E ，而B 1C 1∥DA ∥EF ，故B 1C 1⊥C 1E ，EF ⊥C 1E ， 由B 1C 1＝EF ＝2，故B 1C 1EF 为矩形，其对角线长为√13，由O 2是O 1﹣B 1C 1EF 外接球球心，故O 2必在O 1与底面B 1C 1EF 中心的连线上， 设球O 2的半径O 1O 2＝B 1O 2＝C 1O 2＝EO 2＝FO 2＝R ，如上图示，所以O 1O 2=√C 1O 12−(132)2+√C 1O 22−(132)2，即R =√4−134+√R 2−134=√32+√R 2−134，故(R −√32)2=R 2−134⇒R 2−√3R +34=R 2−134⇒R =43， 所以球O 1与球O 1的表面积之比为R 2r 2=43．故选：B ．二、选择题（共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分） 9．已知双曲线C ：x 2a 2−y 24=1(a ＞0)，当a 变动时，下列结论正确的是（ ） A ．C 的焦点恒在x 轴上 B ．C 的焦距恒大于4C ．C 的离心率恒大于2D ．C 的一个焦点到其中一条渐近线的距离不变解：由双曲线C ：x 2a2−y 24=1(a ＞0)，焦点在x 轴上，A 对；c =√a 2+4＞2，故焦距2c ＞4，B 对； 离心率e =c a =√1+4a2∈(1，+∞)，C 错； 由渐近线为y =±2ax ，即ay ±2x ＝0，焦点坐标为（±c ，0），所以一个焦点到其中一条渐近线的距离d =2√a 2+4√4+a 2=2，D 对．故选：ABD ．10．已知在平面直角坐标系中，点A （x 1，y 1），B （x 2，y 2）是不重合的两点，则下列结论错误的是（ ） A ．直线AB 的方程为y−y 1x−x 1=y 2−y 1x 2−x 1B ．若2x 1﹣y 1﹣1＝0，2x 2﹣y 2﹣1＝0，则直线AB 的方程为2x ﹣y ﹣1＝0C ．若3x 1﹣y 1﹣1＝0，3x 2﹣y 2+4＝0，则|AB |的值可以是√2D ．若x 12+y 12=x 22+y 22=4，y 1x 1−3=y2x 2−3，且|AB |是定值，则直线AB 有2条解：A ：当x 1＝x 2时，直线方程不能用y−y 1x−x 1=y 2−y 1x 2−x 1表示，错；B ：由题设，不重合的点A ，B 在直线2x ﹣y ﹣1＝0上，故直线AB 的方程为2x ﹣y ﹣1＝0，对；C ：由题设，A （x 1，3x 1﹣1），B （x 2，3x 2+4），则|AB|=√(x 1−x 2)2+[3(x 1−x 2)−5]2， 所以|AB|=√10[(x 1−x 2)−32]2+52≥√102＞√2，错； D ：由题设，不重合的点A ，B 在圆x 2+y 2＝4上，且与点C （3，0）所成直线斜率相同， 所以A ，B ，C 共线，而C 在圆x 2+y 2＝4外，只需过C 的直线y ＝k （x ﹣3）与圆有两个交点即可，如下图示，若|AB |是定值且为4时，结合圆的性质知：此时直线AB 有1条，而定值不为4时有2条，错．故选：ACD ．11．已知空间直角坐标系O ﹣xyz 中，点A （1，0，1），B （﹣1，﹣1，2），C （0，1，2），则下列结论正确的是（ ）A ．直线AB 的一个方向向量的坐标为（2，1，﹣1）B ．直线AC 与平面xOy 的交点坐标为（2，1，0） C ．点B 关于平面yOz 的对称点为B ′（1，﹣1，2）D ．∠BAC 为钝角解：对于A ，由AB →=(−2，−1，1)，而−AB →=(2，1，−1)， 故直线AB 的一个方向向量为（2，1，﹣1），故A 正确；对于B ，由AC →=(−1，1，1)，令直线AC 与平面xOy 的交点D （x ，y ，0）， 则AD →=(x −1，y ，−1)， ∴x−1−1=y 1=−11⇒{x =2y =−1，即交点D （2，﹣1，0），故B 错误；对于C ，点B 关于平面yOz 的对称点为B ′（1，﹣1，2），故C 正确； 对于D ，由cos ∠BAC =AB →⋅AC →|AB →||AC →|=2√6×√30，故∠BAC 为锐角，故D 错误． 故选：AC ．12．已知函数f(x)={sin 2x cosx ，x ≠π2+kπ，cosx ，x =π2+kπ(k ∈Z)，则下列结论正确的是（ ） A ．f （x ）在区间(0，π2)上单调递增 B ．若f （α）＝1，则cos α有2个不同的取值 C ．f （x ）的图象关于点(π2，0)对称D．若f（x）在区间（0，x0）上有且仅有10个零点，则x0的取值范围是(5π，11π2)解：当x≠π2+kπ时，f(x)=1−cos2xcosx=1cosx−cosx，f（x+2π）=1cos(x+2π)−cos(x+2π)=1cosx−cosx，所以f（x+2π）＝f（x），当x=π2+kπ，k∈Z时，f（x+2π）＝f（x）也成立，故f（x）是周期为2π的函数，f′（x）=sinxcos2x +sinx=sinx(1+1cos2x)，当x∈(0，π2)时，f′（x）＞0，则f（x）单调递增，且f（x）＞0，故A正确；当x∈(π2，π)时，f′（x）＞0，则f（x）单调递增，且f（x）＜0，当x∈(π，32π)时，f′（x）＜0，则f（x）单调递减，且f（x）＜0，当x∈(32π，2π)时，f′（x）＜0，则f（x）单调递减，且f（x）＞0，且f（0）＝f（π）＝f（2π）＝0，又x=π2+kπ，k∈Z时，f（x）＝cos x，则f(π2)=f(32π)=0，可得函数f（x）的图象如图所示，若f(α)=1，f(α)=1cosα−cosα=1，则cos2α+cosα﹣1＝0，解得cosα=−1+√52或cosα=−1−√52（舍），故cosα只有一个值，故B错误；当x≠π2+kπ，k∈Z时，f(x+π)=1cos(x+π)−cos(x+π)=−1cosx+cosx=−f(x)，当x=π2+kπ，k∈Z时，f（x+π）＝﹣f（x）也成立，所以f（x）的图象关于点(π2，0)对称，故C正确；因为f(π2)=f(π)=f(3π2)=f(2π)=0，所以f （x ）在（0，2π]上只有四个零点， 若f （x ）在区间（0，x 0）上有且仅有10个零点，则x 0的取值范围是(5π，11π2]，故D 错误． 故选：AC ．三、填空题（共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分）13．若函数f(x)=log 3(9x +1)+(ax +3)2是偶函数，则实数a ＝ −16 ． 解：f(x)=log 3(9x +1)+(ax +3)2的定义域为R ，所以f(x)=log 3(9x +1)+(ax +3)2=log 3(9−x +1)+(−ax +3)2=f(−x)， 故log 3(9x +1)−log 3(9−x +1)+12ax =0，进而log 3(9x+1)−log 39x+19x +12ax =0，所以2x +12ax ＝0，解得a =−16． 故答案为：−16．14．已知点O （0，0，0），A （2，0，1），B （﹣1，0，2），则△OAB 的面积为 52．解：由题意可知OA →=(2，0，1)，OB →=(−1，0，2)，显然OA →⋅OB →=0⇒OA ⊥OB ，故△OAB 的面积为S =12|OA →|⋅|OB →|=12×√5×√5=52．故答案为：52．15．著名数学家笛卡尔曾经给出一个四圆相切的定理：半径分别为r 1，r 2，r 3的三个圆两两外切，同时又都与半径为r 4的圆外切，则2(1r 1r 2+1r 1r 3+1r 1r 4+1r 2r 3+1r 2r 4+1r 3r 4)=1r 12+1r 22+1r 32+1r 42．已知O 1（﹣2，0），O 2(2，0)，O 3(0，32)，若圆O 1，O 2，O 3两两外切，且都与圆O 4外切，其中圆O 1，O 2的半径相等，则圆O 4的标准方程为 x 2+(y −56)2=136 ． 解：设圆O 1，O 2，O 3，O 4的半径分别为r 1，r 2，r 3，r 4，由题意可得：{r 1=r 2r 1+r 2=|O 1O 2|=4r 1+r 3=|O 1O 3|=52，解得{r 1=r 2=2r 3=12， 又因为2(1r 1r 2+1r 1r 3+1r 1r 4+1r 2r 3+1r 2r 4+1r 3r 4)=1r 12+1r 22+1r 32+1r 42，即2(14+1+12r 4+1+12r 4+112r 4)=14+14+114+1r 42，解得r 4=16， 由|O 1O 4|＝|O 2O 4|，可知点O 4在线段O 1O 2的中垂线上，即y 轴上，设O 4（0，a ），由题意可得{|O 1O 4|=√4+a 2=2+16|O 3O 4|=|32−a|=12+16，解得a =56， 即圆O 4的圆心O 4(0，56)，半径r 4=16，所以圆O 4的方程为x 2+(y −56)2=136． 故答案为：x 2+(y −56)2=136． 16．已知椭圆C 1：x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1（a ＞b ＞0）与抛物线C 2：y 2＝2px （p ＞0）交于点A ，B ，直线AB 与x 轴的交点既是C 1的右焦点，也是C 2的焦点，点A ，B 关于原点的对称点分别为A '，B '，点P 是C 1上与A ，A '，B ，B '均不重合的点，记直线P A ，P A '的斜率分别为k ，k '，则kk '−4kk′= 4 ． 解：如图，令椭圆C 1半焦距为c ，由C 1的右焦点，也是C 2的焦点，得c =p2，又直线AB 过点F(p2，0)，由椭圆、抛物线的对称性知，点A ，B 关于x 轴对称，即直线AB ⊥x 轴，由{x =p 2y 2=2px ，得|y |＝p ，由{x =cx 2a 2+y 2b 2=1，得|y|=b2a ， 于是b 2a=2c ，即b 2＝2ac ，则a 2﹣c 2＝2ac ，解得ca=√2−1，不妨令A （c ，2c ），则A ′（﹣c ，﹣2c ），设P （x 0，y 0），x 0≠±c ，显然y 02=b 2−b 2a2x 02=2ac −2c a x 02，所以kk ′=y 0−2c x 0−c ⋅y 0+2c x 0+c =y 02−4c 2x 02−c 2=2ac−2c a x 02−4c 2x 02−c 2 =−2c a ⋅x 02−(a 2−2ac)x 02−c 2=−2c a ⋅x 02−c 2x 02−c2=−2c a =−2(√2−1)， 所以kk ′−4kk′=−2(√2−1)4−2(2−1)=4． 故答案为：4．四、解答题：共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17．（10分）某沙漠地区每年有2个月属于雨季，10个月属于旱季．经过初步治理该沙漠地区某年旱季的月降水量（单位：mm ）依次达到12.1，12.0，10.4，10.5，12.5，14.1，14.3，14.3，16.7，18.1．记这组数据的第40百分位数与平均数分别为m ，x ． （1）求m ，x ；（2）已知雨季的月降水量均大于旱季的月降水量，该沙漠地区人工种植了甲、乙两种植物，当月降水量低于12.0mm 时甲种植物需要浇水，当月降水量低于15.0mm 时乙种植物需要浇水，求这一年的某月甲、乙两种植物都需要浇水的概率及二者中有植物需要浇水的概率．解：（1）由数据从小到大为10.4，10.5，12.0，12.1，12.5，14.1，14.3，14.3，16.7，18.1， 又10×40%＝4，则第40百分位数为m =12.1+12.52=12.3mm ， 平均数x =10.4+10.5+12.0+12.1+12.5+14.1+14.3+14.3+16.7+18.110=13.5mm ． （2）由数据及题设知：12个月中降水量低于12.0mm 有2个月，降水量低于15.0mm 有8个月， 所以甲、乙两种植物都需要浇水的概率为16，二者中有植物需要浇水的概率为23．18．（12分）在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知点F （﹣2，0），直线l ：x ＝3，动点P （x ，y ）（x ≤0）到l 的距离等于|PF |+1．设动点P 的轨迹为曲线C ． （1）求C 的方程；（2）若直线x ＝my ﹣4与曲线C 交于A ，B 两点，证明：OA →⋅OB →为定值．解：（1）由点F （﹣2，0），直线l ：x ＝3，动点P （x ，y ）（x ≤0）到l 的距离等于|PF |+1， 可得|x ﹣3|＝1+√(x +2)2+y 2，即为（2﹣x ）2＝x 2+y 2+4x +4， 化为y 2＝﹣8x ；（2）证明：联立{x =my −4y 2=−8x ，可得y 2+8my ﹣32＝0，设A （−y 128，y 1），B （−y 228，y 2），则y 1y 2＝﹣32， OA →•OB →=164（y 1y 2）2+y 1y 2＝16﹣32＝﹣16，即为定值．19．（12分）如图，在三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中，侧面ABB 1A 1与侧面ACC 1A 1都是菱形，AA 1＝AB 1＝2，∠BAC ＝∠AA 1C 1＝120°．记AB →=a →，AA 1→=b →，AC →=c →． （1）用a →，b →，c →表示AB 1→，BC 1→，并证明BC 1⊥AB 1； （2）若D 为棱A 1C 1的中点，求线段BD 的长．解：（1）根据题意可得： AB 1→=AB →+AA 1→=a →+b →，BC 1→=BA →+AC →+CC 1→=−AB →+AC →+AA 1→=−a →+b →+c →，证明：∵BC 1→⋅AB 1→=(−a →+b →+c →)⋅(a →+b →)=−a →2−a →⋅b →+a →⋅b →+b →2+a →⋅c →+b →⋅c →＝﹣4+4+2×2×cos120°+2×2×cos60°＝0， ∴BC 1⊥AB 1；（2）∵D 为棱A 1C 1的中点，∴根据题意可得： BD →=BA →+AA 1→+A 1D →=−a →+b →+12c →， ∴BD →2=a →2+b →2+14c →2−2a →⋅b →−a →⋅c →+b →⋅c →＝4+4+1﹣2×2×2×cos120°﹣2×2×cos120°+2×2×cos60° ＝17， ∴|BD →|=√17．20．（12分）在△ABC 中，点D 是BC 边上一点，BD ＝2AD ，AD ＝2DC ． （1）求证：5AB 2+20AC 2＝8BC 2；（2）若∠BAC 是锐角，∠BAD ＝∠CAD 且AB +AC ＝5，△ABC 的面积为4825，求sin B ．解：（1）由题设，令BD ＝4DC ＝4x ，则AD ＝2x ，BC ＝5x ，△ADB 中cos ∠ADB =AD 2+BD 2−AB 22AD⋅BD ，△ADC 中cos ∠ADC =AD 2+DC 2−AC 22AD⋅DC，又∠ADB +∠ADC =π，故cos ∠ADB +cos ∠ADC =0， 所以4x 2+16x 2−AB 22⋅2x⋅4x+4x 2+x 2−AC 22⋅2x⋅x=0，即AB 2+4AC 2＝40x 2，则5AB 2+20AC 2＝200x 2＝8BC 2，得证． （2）设∠BAD =∠CAD =θ，在△ABD 中BD sinθ=AB sin∠ADB，在△ACD 中CDsinθ=AC sin∠ADC，而∠ADB +∠ADC =π，故sin ∠ADB =sin ∠ADC ，则AB AC=BD CD=4，又AB +AC ＝5，故AB ＝4，AC ＝1，又12AB ⋅ACsin2θ=4825，所以sin2θ=2425，由∠BAC =2θ为锐角，则cos2θ=1−2sin 2θ=725⇒sinθ=35，由BD sinθ=AD sinB⇒4x sinθ=2x sinB⇒sinB =sinθ2=310．21．（12分）如图，在四棱台ABCD ﹣A 1B 1C 1D 1中，四边形ABCD 是边长为4的正方形，AA 1＝5，A 1B 1＝3，AA 1⊥平面ABCD ，E 为CC 1的中点． （1）求直线AC 1与平面B 1CD 1所成角的正弦值；（2）若平面α经过BE 且与AC 1平行，求点B 1到平面α的距离．解：（1）根据题意，可建系如图，则A （0，0，0），B （4，0，0），C （4，4，0），B 1（3，0，5），D 1（0，3，5），C 1（3，3，5），E （72，72，52），∴AC 1→=(3，3，5)，B 1C →=(1，4，−5)，CD 1→=(−4，−1，5)，BE →=(−12，72，52)， 设平面面B 1CD 1所的法向量为m →=(x ，y ，z)，则{m →⋅B 1C →=x +4y −5z =0m →⋅CD 1→=−4x −y +5z =0，取m →=(1，1，1)， ∴直线AC 1与平面B 1CD 1所成角的正弦值为：|cos ＜AC 1→，m →＞|=|AC 1→⋅m →||AC 1→||m →|=11√9+9+25×3=11√129129；（2）∵平面α经过BE 且与AC 1平行，又根据（1）可知AC 1→=(3，3，5)，BE →=(−12，72，52)，BB 1→=(−1，0，5)，设平面α的法向量为n →=(a ，b ，c)，则{n →⋅BE →=−12a +72b +52c =0n →⋅AC 1→=3a +3b +5c =0，取n →=(1，1，−65)， ∴点B 1到平面α的距离为：|BB 1→||cos ＜BB 1→，n →＞|=|BB 1→⋅n →||n →|=7√1+1+3625=35√8686． 22．（12分）已知椭圆C ：x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1（a ＞b ＞0）经过A 1(√2，0)，A 2(√2，1)，A 3(√2，−1)，A 4(0，√2)中的3个点． （1）求C 的方程．（2）若直线x ＝ty +√2(t ≠0)与C 交于点M ，N ，点M 关于x 轴的对称点为M '，点D 是△MNM '的外接圆圆心，判断在x 轴上是否存在定点P ，使得|DP||MN|为定值．若存在，求出点P 的坐标及|DP||MN|的值；若不存在，请说明理由．解：（1）因为A 2(√2，1)，A 3(√2，−1)关于x 轴对称， 所以这2个点在椭圆上，此时2a 2+1b 2=1，①当A 1(√2，0)在椭圆上时，2a 2+0b 2=1，②由①②知，方程无解； 当A 4(0，√2)在椭圆上时，0a 2+1b 2=1，③联立①③，解得a 2＝4，b 2＝2， 因为a ＞b ＞0，所以a 2＝4，b 2＝2， 则椭圆C 的方程为x 24+y 22=1；（2）不妨设M （x 1，y 1），N （x 2，y 2），可得M '（x 1，﹣y 1）， 联立{x =ty +√2x 24+y 22=1，消去x 并整理得(t 2+2)y 2+2√2ty −2=0，由韦达定理得y 1+y 2=−2√2t t 2+2，y 1y 2=−2t 2+2， 所以|MN |=√1+t 2|y 1−y 2|=√1+t 2⋅√(y 1+y 2)2−4y 1y 2 =√1+t 2⋅√(−2√2t t 2+2)2−4×(−2t 2+2)=4t 2+4t 2+2，由外接圆的定义知，点D 为线段MM '，MN 垂直平分线的交点， 因为线段MM '的垂直平分线为x 轴， 所以线段MN 垂直平分线为y −y 1+y 22=−t(x −x 1+x 22)，令y ＝0，解得x D =y 1+y 22t =x 1+x 22=(t 2+1)(y 1+y 2)+2√2t2t=(t 2+1)(−2√2t t 2+2)+2√2t2t=√2t 2+2，不妨设P （x 0，0）， 此时|DP||MN|=|x 0−√2t 2+2|4t 2+4t 2+2=|x 0t 2+2x 0−√2|4t 2+4，所以当x 0=2x 0−√2， 即x 0=√2时，|DP||MN|为定值，定值为√24， 故当在x 轴上存在定点P （√2，0），使得|DP||MN|为定值，定值为√24．。
2023-2024学年河南省顶尖联盟高一上学期期中检测英语试题
2023-2024学年河南省顶尖联盟高一上学期期中检测英语试题1. Where does the conversation take place?A．In a shop. B．At a theater. C．At a restaurant.2. When can the man see the doctor today?A．At 2:30. B．At 10:15. C．At 11:15.3. What are the speakers talking about?A．Courses. B．Universities. C．Countries.4. What does the man want to do?A．Go to school. B．Have a meal. C．Do cooking.5. What might the woman do next?A．Have her clothes cleaned.B．Go shopping with the man.C．Invite the man to eat out.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What are the speakers doing?A．Having a meeting. B．Talking about a friend. C．Speaking on thetelephone.7. What is Mr. Green doing?A．He is away on business. B．He is travelling abroad. C．He is working in theoffice.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Teacher and student. B．Coach and player. C．Policeman and driver. 9. What did the woman do just now?A．She asked for help. B．She made a mistake. C．She knocked another car.10. What happens at the end of the conversation?A．The woman is punished.B．The man says sorry to the woman.C．The car is driven away by the man.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市郑州外国语学校高一上学期11月期中英语试题
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市郑州外国语学校高一上学期11月期中英语试题Kew Gardens is not only a popular tourist destination in London, but also a botanic garden and a research center that has the largest collection of living plants at a single site. So, let’s explore the Royal Botanic Gardens with CGTN’s reporter Robyn Dwyer.Palm HouseThe first stop is the Palm House, a giant indoor rainforest with a wide range of plants. Visitors can enjoy these exotic plants while researchers can study the secrets of these flora. Eatable plants such as cocoa tree and African oil palm are all preserved here to keep the diversity of food resources. At the same time, it houses many medical use plants, including some that are used to treat cancer.Temperate HouseKnown as the world’s largest Victorian glasshouse, the Temperate House is home to1,500 species of plants from temperate regions of the world. Some of the species kept here have gone extinct in the wild, such as Encephalartos woodii, a cycad from South Africa. And some are already extinct like Saint Helena olive, but the Kew has stored its DNA.Mediterranean GardenIn the Mediterranean Garden, one can see plants from the Southern Europe, such as rosemary, olives and cork oak. Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe (氛围) of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants.On International Day for Biological Diversity this year, join CGTN to travel around the world’s national parks and reserves across seven continents. Our next program is to visit penguins and seals in the Antarctic Ice Aquarium Norway. Please stay tuned!1. What do the three stops have in common?A．They store plants for medical use.B．They have plants of economic value.C．They house plants of seven continents.D．They own plants for scientific research.2. Which one suits a visitor preferring outdoor sites?A．Palm House. B．Temperate House.C．Antarctic Ice Aquarium. D．Mediterranean Garden.3. Where is the text most probably taken from?A．A botanic dictionary. B．A TV travel series.C．A trip advertisement. D．A biodiversity essay.This winter, the state of California in the US received unusually large amounts of rain and snow. Now, people worry that some areas will flood as the snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains melts (融化).Ron Caetano lives about half-way between the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. He is preparing to leave in case his community, called the Island District, floods.More than 100 years ago, the Island District area was under Tulare Lake, a large lake. At one time, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. But reservoirs (水库) and watering systems for agriculture caused it to disappear. However, in very rainy years, farmland can still get covered with water.Experts say reservoirs near the area will likely receive three times more water than they can hold this year. That means officials must increase the amount of water they release (释放) from the reservoirs. But if too much water is released, the area might flood.The Island District has organized a community network to help prepare for floods. People are placing sandbags close to elderly neighbors’ houses to stop possible flooding. And they are looking at reports from water officials, county officials, and from each other.California has had very dry weather in recent years. Therefore, both cities and farm communities acclaimed this year’s winter rains. If the weather gets warmer slowly, the snow will n ot melt quickly and there may be little or no flooding. But if the weather gets hot quickly, that will bring trouble from too much melting snow.Officials announced plans to close parts of Yosemite National Park because of possible danger of flooding. The park is about 270 kilometers east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Nicholas Pinter is with the University of California, Davis Center for Watershed Sciences. He said the lake’s size has always changed because of California’s weather. He des cribed the surrounding area this way. “It has been an engineering problem all along,” he said. “This is a bathtub (浴缸) with no way out.”4. What made Tulare Lake disappear?A．Lack of rainfall. B．Natural disasters. C．Climatewarming. D．Human behavior.5. W hat does the underlined word “acclaimed” in paragraph 6 mean?A．Feared. B．Doubted. C．Welcomed. D．Tracked.6. What might Californians want to see?A．The government can help them move to other states. B．The weather can get warm gradually in California.C．There is more rain in the cities than on farms. D．The officials release water on a regular basis.7. What can we infer from Nicholas Pinter’s words?A．It is difficult to deal with the flood. B．It is easy to keep the snow water.C．The surrounding area is unfit to live in. D．The lake is already overflowing. Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy.English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion (侵略) in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels. For example, “bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in 1400, before changing through the years to its current sound. The effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but over 44 individual sounds depending on the variation of spoken English. There are several sounds represented by only one letter. For example, the letter “C” can sound like an “S” as in “city”. And it also sounds like a “K” as in “cat”.There are only 5 or 6 vowel (元音) letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. But there are 20 different ways to sound them. At the centre is the most common vowel sound of “uhhh”. It is the most relaxed and natural sound. It takes almost no e ffort of the tongue or throat to create the sound. Since it takes little effort, the sound “uhhh” often makes its way into pronunciations. For example, the word “please” often turns into “PUH-lease” when someone is trying to call attention. This is another reason why spelling in English is so difficult!8. How does the author lead to the topic of this text?A．By comparison.B．By making a classification.C．By the calculation of an example.D．By describing a process.9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A．The complex history of English.B．The formation of modern English.C．The influence of English on other languages.D．Factors promoting the development of English.10. When did the current spelling of English come into being?A．In the 12th century. B．Before the Norman invasion.C．In the late 1400s. D．In the 1500s.11. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．One Letter, Many SoundsB．So Many Ways to Sound a VowelC．Why Spelling in English Is So DifficultD．How to Improve the Accuracy of English SpellingWhen plates are set on the table, phones, rather than forks, are at the ready. At this point in our social media entanglement (纠缠), the fact that the camera eats first is pretty much a given. Sure, some chefs, including Michelin rated star chefs, express their displeasure at this, but efforts to make the table a screen-free domain have mostly fallen flat.New research from Aston University has found that people are indeed influenced by the food photos that their friends post on social media. For example, for every serving of fruits and vegetables that a person thinks their friends are eating, they’ll eat one-fifth of a serving more. This number makes more sense within the context of the recommended “five a day”, meaning someone who’s being influenced would make a point of eating six portions of fruits or vegetables. Similarly, for every three portions of junk food that a person sees friends consuming on social media, they’ll eat an extra one.The researchers have also suggested that social media can be very beneficial when it comes to people’s choices of food and their diets. Study supervisors Dr. Jason Thomas said, “The implication is that we can use social media as a tool to encourage each other’s eating choice within friendship groups, an d use this knowledge as a tool for public health interventions.”Actually, the daily food situation is somewhat different from everything else posted on social media. People also desire to copy what they see but they need good social media literacy skills in order to grasp what’s realistic and what’s absurd. It is necessary to avoid the fake perfection of social media. It gets boring trying to figure out what to eat three times a day, week after week, so no wonder people want to take the path of least resistance and eat what their friends are eating. Unfortunately, most of what gets posted is the more time-consuming recipes or the attractively styled restaurant meals. By all means, keep your antennae (触角) out for new ideas, but gather them from food magazines, cookbooks, store flyers, reliable cooking websites, and recommended recipes from friends and family.12. What phenomenon is talked about in Para.1?A．The influence of social media on people’s diet.B．People’s taking photos of food before eating.C．Chefs’ efforts to make the table screen-free.D．The pursuit of dining in fancy restaurant.13. What’s the consequence of people’s seeing their friends’ online post?A．They’ll copy what their friends do.B．They’ll take junk food more seriously.C．They’ll consume more than their friends.D．They’ll care more about their friends’ eating habits.14. What’s Dr. Jason Thomas’s attitude towards social media?A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Unclear.15. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?A．Point out the unreality of social media.B．Call on people to enrich their knowledge in cooking.C．Introduce the general classification of food posted online.D．Encourage people to broaden their sources of food inspiration.First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly. 16Injuries and AccidentsOne of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents. 17 In such situations, it is essential to provide immediate care to prevent further damage and ensure that the affected individual receives timely medical attention. Some of the initial steps in first aid for injuries include applying pressure to stop bleeding, immobilizing the affected area, and administering pain relief medication.Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳)Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary. 18 The first step in such a situation is to call emergency services and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until professional help arrives. Knowing how to perform CPR can be life-saving in such situations.Choking and Suffocation (窒息)Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly. 19 Similarly, if someone is suffocating due to a blocked airway, it is vital to clear the obstruction and ensure that the person’s airway is open.When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injur y or illness. 20 Call for emergency services, and provide immediate care until professional help arrives. Being prepared and trained in first aid can ensure the safety and well-being of those around us.Have you had enough(or enuf)trouble spelling English words to make you want to scream(or skreem)? You are not alone. Generations of scholars since the 17th century have protested against the________ in English spelling.Part of the problem is caused by the_______ origins of English words. German, Latin, French and Greek are al common sources, and each follows a different set of________ for spelling. In fact, even within any one of these languages, it is________ to guarantee consistency(一致性). As these systems were________ over time, the English spelling system we see today came into being.Some English learners know that memorizing the Latin roots of English words is a great wayto________ their vocabulary, but most Latin-rooted words entered English from French after the Norman Conquest(诺曼征服)of the 11th century. The Normans used French as the language of the court, throwing Old English, a Germanic(日耳曼语的)language, out of________ usage for around 300 years.By the time English was again_______ at the court, it was a French-influenced language(Middle English). There was actually no________ form of spelling. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), the same word was spelled differently. This was not his fault. He was simply following the spelling of the time.Standardization did not come until the 15th century. The use of the printing press(印刷机)and, for the first time, the mass distribution(大量流通)of books________ the spelling of words. The spelling system we use today is based on the pronunciation of that time.Now the story gets a bit________. Between 1450 and 1750, English pronunciation went through what experts call the Great Vowel Shift(主要元音转移). However, _______ the nature of how English words are pronounced has evolved, the spelling system has remained largely unchanged.Supporters of English spelling reform argue that________ words with more phonetically accurate letter combinations will promote literacy(读写能力). Others don’t think so. They say that the spelling system we use today leaves plenty of________ to unlocking the history of the language, helping readers understand the origins of words. What do you think? Should English try to“________” the spelling of words?21.A．similarities B．mistakes C．irregularities D．varieties 22.A．ancient B．various C．local D．unknown 23.A．questions B．steps C．goals D．rules24.A．unnecessary B．impossible C．natural D．easy25.A．mixed together B．put forward C．figured out D．written down 26.A．understand B．recite C．expand D．practice 27.A．correct B．actual C．official D．popular 28.A．banned B．translated C．changed D．allowed 29.A．set B．alternative C．complex D．separate 30.A．transformed B．froze C．repeated D．measured 31.A．funny B．clear C．scary D．tricky32.A．since B．while C．unless D．until33.A．combining B．replacing C．sharing D．exchanging 34.A．obstacles B．admissions C．keys D．applications 35.A．fix B．improve C．copy D．avoid36. The UN recommended that all sides ______ a resolution on the Palestine-Israel conflict on Saturday, hoping it will end, even if temporarily, the deaths and sufferings of people in the Gaza Strip.A．adopted B．would adopt C．adopt D．could adopt37. A group of foreign climbers, ______ love adventures and extreme sports, are determined to visit Guilin and tried a vertical journey about Karsts.A．many of them B．many of who C．many of whom D．whose many 38. An earthquake occurs when plates below the earth’s surface ______.A．push together B．push up C．pull apart D．pull up39. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor ______ published the article as it had ______ been written.A．impatiently, organically B．independently, ordinarilyC．reluctantly, originally D．relevantly, occasionally40. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights ______ and its horn______, roared down the arcade.A．on, blaring B．on, blared C．up, blaring D．up, blared41. "______ there is something to identify, we will give people their money back," said a spokeswoman for the Bank. "Last year, we paid ￡1.5m on 21,000 ______."A．As long as, declarations B．So long as, claimsC．as if, announcements D．if only, statements42. ______ a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Great St. Bernard Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveler is in difficulty.A．Because of B．Due to C．On account of D．Now that43. Cats can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they never become ______ like dogs and horses.A．fascinated B．submissive C．suspicious D．mysterious44. ____ no means ______ give up English learning, the bridge between us and the world.A．By, we would B．By, should we C．In, we should D．In, shall we45. Sometimes twins don’t need to speak to each other and they can ______ send messages to each other when they aren’t in the same place.A．somewhat B．anyhow C．somehow D．anyway46. China and Cuba had worked hand in hand on the path of building socialism with their own characteristics, thus forging an unbreakable ______ of trust and friendship.A．bound B．measure C．bond D．response47. There are few warning ______ just before a tsunami hits, so scientists study and ______ tsunamis in order to warn people and minimize deaths.A．signs, track B．signals, track C．sighs, treat D．sights, treat 48. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to ______ dialects and characters.A．various of B．variety of C．varieties of D．diversity of49. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.A．breaks B．has brokenC．were broken D．had been broken50. Despite ______ under city ruins after the earthquake, he was still positive and relived a younger girl crying beside him.A．he was trapped B．trapped C．trapping D．being trapped阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
河南省2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题(含解析)
2024-2025学年度（上）高三期中考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟；满分：120分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将正确答案填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、C D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ADriver WantedClean driving license (执照).Must be of smart appearance.Age over 25.Apply to (申请): Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, Royston.Air Hostesses for International Flights WantedApplicants (申请者) must be between 20 and 33 years old.Height: 1. 6 m to 1. 75m.Education to GCSE standard.Two languages. Must be able to swim.Apply to: Recruitment (招聘) office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West. HR 37 KK.Teachers NeededFor private language school.Having college education.Teaching experience unnecessary.Apply to: The Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd. 279 Canal Street, Royston. 1．What prevents Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxi?A．Unable to speak a foreign language.B．Punished for speeding and wrong parking.C．Fond of beer and wine.D．Not having college education.2．What prevents Mary, aged 25, becoming an air hostess?A．She has never worked as an air hostess before.B．She doesn't feel like working long hours flying abroad.C．She can't speak Japanese very well.D．She once broke a traffic law and was fined3．Which of the following is not mentioned in the three advertisements?A．Education.B．Working experience.C．Male or female.D．Marriage.B“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”, “honour” and “honor”… Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy? Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster(1758 — 1843). He was a teacher who reformed (改革) English to make American identity (特征) stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year.After the Revolutionary War (1775 — 1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”.Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous(unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.” Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words.His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom.“He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.”4．Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary?A．It has local words in it.B．It is a 70,000-word dictionary.C．All the words are spelled without “u”.D．Its words are in American-style spelling.5．What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Depend on.B．Trust in.C．Put up with.D．Give up. 6．What do people think of Webster’s dictionary?A．It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today.B．It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence.C．It has no influence on the development of American English.D．It helped to make American English more useful than British English.7．What’s the main idea of the passage?A．The development of the British English.B．American English is better than British English.C．Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary.D．Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English.COne August afternoon, Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger, Mrs. Carey. Lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp (黄蜂) nest under the roof. Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting (蜇) in summer. He mentioned this to Mrs. Carey, who had opened the door.“Oh, they don’t bother me,” she said lightly. “I go in and out all the time.”Anxiously, Allen looked at the nest again—— to see the wasps flying straight at him. “Hurry!” he shouted to Mrs. Carey. “Get in!”She stepped quickly inside. Allen ran for his mini-bus. Too late; they were upon him. Just as he jumped aboard, half a dozen red spots showed on his arm, and he felt more on his back and shoulders.As he was driving down the road, Allen felt as if something was burning at the back of his neck, and the “fire” was spreading forward toward his face. And immediate anxiety took hold of him.Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die. But he had been stung the previous summer and the after-effects soon passed. However, what he didn’t know what that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion.Miles from the nearest medical assistance, Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy and his heartbeat louder. Most frightening, he felt his breathing more and more difficult. He reached for the radio mike (话筒), trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable. Signals were also poor that far out. He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Department’s north station. So his best chance was to make a run for it.Rushing down the mountain, Allen tried not to panic, focusing his mind on each sharp turn. He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock (休克). Just then he reached for the radio mike again.“Call fire station,” he shouted, concentrating to form the words. “Emergency. Bee sting. Emergency. There in ten minutes.”“Five-ten,” the center replied.Hold on, Allen thought. Keep your eyes open. Breathe. Keep awake.At last he reached the station. Two firemen ran out. Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. You made it, he thought.8．It is mentioned in the passage that wasps are more likely to attack when _______.A．there are huge noisesB．strangers are approachingC．the air is filled with food smellD．the hottest season comes around9．Allen didn’t know that if stung by wasps again, he would _______.A．have no after-effectsB．suffer from sharper painC．surely lose his lifeD．become more sensitive10．Allen failed at his first attempt to send his message to the mini-bus center because _______.A．he was unable to speak clearlyB．his radio equipment was poorC．he was in a state of shockD．no one was on duty11．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Allen, A Helpless DriverB．Wasps, Bloody KillersC．A Race Against DeathD．War Against WaspsDArmy ants are mainly distributed in South America and Africa and mostly live in the Amazon River basin. They like to live in groups and generally one or two million in a group. They are migratory, have no fixed on the move. When encountering obstacles such as gaps, army ants are able to connect their bodies to each other and build a bridge for large groups of ants to pass through, saving crawling distance. The bridge can be built and removed very quickly, in seconds.Christopher Reid of the University of Sydney’s Insect Behaviour and Ecology Laboratory, said that when studying the ant bridge, he initially assumed that once the ant bridge was built the two end positions of the bridge would be fixed, and the bridge itself would be relatively stationary (不动的).However, after observation, it was found that the ant bridge would constantly change according to the army ants’ knowledge of the outside world. The ant bridge can move slowly from the original position, increasing the number of ants in the bridge, extending the length of the bridge, so that other ants may save a lot of efforts by using the ant bridge instead of taking other routes. In this way, it can continuously compress the distance to the target area.Meanwhile, the researchers have also found that the changing ant bridge does not always achieve the shortest distance. When the bridge is extended to a certain extent, the number of ants involved in the construction of the ant bridge will not continue to increase, and the length of the bridge will stop growing.Researchers believe that army ants use the best methods in the construction of bridges. Since the ants involved in building the bridge are unable to participate in other work, the colony stops putting in more ants as soon as it finds that the number of ants put into extending the bridge is out of balance with the number of ants needed for other jobs.12．What is mainly introduced about army ants in paragraph 1?A．Their migration.B．Their distribution.C．Their living habits.D．Their hunting targets.13．What did the research find about the bridge built by army ants ?A．It becomes longer constantly.B．It keeps unchanged once built.C．It achieves the shortest distance.D．It is adjusted according to the needs.14．What does the underlined word “compress” mean in paragraph 3?A．Reduce.B．Calculate.C．Neglect.D．Judge.15．What is the writing purpose of the text ?A．To stress the importance of cooperation.B．To explain army ants’ incredible strength.C．To show army ants’ collective intelligence.D．To indicate the harmony between nature and human.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高中英语 2023-2024学年河南省焦作市高二(上)期中英语试卷
2023-2024学年河南省焦作市博爱一中高二（上）期中英语试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）1．（1分）When is the first train to London tomorrow morning？A．At 5：00B．At 5：15C．At 6：00．2．（1分）Where does the conversation probably take place？A． In a libraryB． In a classroomC． In a travel agency3．（1分）What will the woman do tonight？A．Go to a party．B．Write a report．C．Do her housework．4．（1分）What does the man mean？A．He wouldn't like to walk the dog．B．He will be busy with his work．C．He is tired of the dog．5．（1分）What are the speakers mainly talking about？A． A writer．B． An actor．C． An explorer．6．（2分）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题．6．How many bathrooms are there in the woman's new house？A．Four．B．Three．C．Two．7．What can we learn about the new house？A．Each floor has a small kitchen．B．There are many wooden chairs．C．There is little furniture in the house．7．（2分）（1）Who could the woman probably be？A．A passenger．B．An air hostess．C．A pilot．（2）How will the woman deal with the computer？A．She will use it．B．She will repair it．C．She will take it away．8．（3分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．Why is the man upset？A．He has quarrelled with his friend．B．He has not got an e-mail from his friend．C．He has lost a long e-mail to his friend．11．What do we know about Jack？A．He had a bad experience of online shopping．B．He lost his girlfriend's ring．C．He lost 200 dollars．12．What did the seller suggest Jack do？A．Call the police．B．Phone the post office．C．Explain to his girlfriend．9．（4分）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．Where are the speakers？A．At a cinema．B．At a theater．C．At a school．14．What does the man say about people in the Poetry（诗歌） Club？A．They read all the time．B．They often hold parties．C．They know nothing about poetry．15．What is the man interested in？A．Guitar．B．Movies．C．Books．16．What are the speakers mainly talking about？A．What hobbies they have．B．What movie they will watch．C．Which club they should join．10．（4分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Where did the speaker take a journey last year？A．In south-west Africa．B．In south-east Africa．C．In south-west Asia．18．What did the speaker have to carry during his journey？A．Enough food．B．Plenty of water．C．A lot of clothes．19．How many hours did the speaker walk every day？A．Five．B．Three．C．Two．20．Where did the speaker stay for the hottest part of the day？A．Under some rocks．B．Under some trees．C．Under a space blanket．第二部分：阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案．11．（10分）A Japanese went to a small Australian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there．One night，he went out for a walk alone．It was late and the small street was dark and quiet．Suddenly he felt someone behind him．Heturned his head and saw an Australian young man who quickly walked past him．The man was nearly out of sight when the Japanese suddenly found that his watch was gone．He thought that it must be the Australian who had taken his watch．He decided to follow him and get back the watch．Soon the Japanese caught up with the Australian．Neither of them understood the other's language．The Japanese frightened the Australian with his fist（拳头） and pointed at the Australian's watch．In the end the Australian gave up his watch to the Japanese．When he returned to the hotel，the Japanese told his wife what had happened．He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table．Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed the watch and it was the Australian's．（1）The Japanese went to a small Australian town．A．aloneB．with his friend C．with his wifeD．with an Australian（2）Suddenly he found his was gone．A．watchB．moneyC．bookD．ring（3）The Japanese decided to follow the Australian because．A．The Japanese wanted to beat the AustralianB．The Australian wanted to beat the JapaneseC．The Australian believed the Japanese had stolen the watchD．The Japanese thought the Australian had stolen the watch（4）The Australian gave up his watch to him at last because．A．he had stolen the watch from the JapaneseB．he was afraid of the JapaneseC．he had picked up the watch on his w ay from workD．he understood what the Japanese wanted（5）Who was robbed of the watch on earth？A．The Australian was．B．The Japanese was．C．Both of them was．D．Neither of them was．12．（10分）Mr．Harris used to work in Dover，but then he changed his work，and he and his wife moved to another town．They did not have many friends there，but they soon met a lot of interesting people，and after a few weeks，they often went to dinner or to parties at other people's houses．Then Mrs．Harris said to her husband，"We've been to a lot of other people's houses，and now we must invite them to our house，mustn't we？""Yes，certainly，"answered her husband，"A big party will be the easiest thing，won't it？Then we can start to invite people to dinner in small numbers next month．"So Mrs．Harris said，"Yes，I'll invite all our friends here to a big party on 5th December．""How many will that be？"Mr．Harris asked．"Don't invite too many．"Mrs．Harris was beginning to write the invitation when her husband saw that she was writing，"Party：6：30 to 8：30 p．m．""That isn't very nice，is it？"he said．"You're telling our guests that they must go at 8：30．"So Mrs．Harris just wrote"Party：6：30 p．m．"A lot of guests came，and they all had a good time，so they did not go home at 8：30．In fact they were still there at mid-night when the door bell rang and a policeman arrived．He said，"You must stop making a noise，because someone has complained（抱怨）．"Mr．Harris said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman，so everyone went home．They were sorry to have to go．When Mr．and Mrs．Harris were alone again，she said to him．"That was a surprise，wasn't it？Who complained about the noise？""I did，"Mr Harris answered in a tired voice．（1）Why did Mr．Harris and his wife move to another town？A．They wanted to make some new friends．B．Mr．Harris changed his work．C．They wanted to meet a lot of interesting people．D．They enjoyed going to parties and visiting other people's houses．（2）What made Mr．and Mrs．Harris hold a party at their house？A．It was easy to hold a big party at home．B．They could ask people to dinner in small numbers．C．They had gone to other people's parties many times．D．They liked making friends with others．（3）How long would Mrs．Harris like the party to last？A．About two hours．B．About fourteen hours．C．From the morning till night．D．Till midnight（4）When did the party end that evening？A．At about 8：30．B．When the policeman talked with Mr．Harris on the phone．C．About twelve o'clock．D．When someone telephoned the police station．（5）Why did Mr．Harris telephoned the policeman about the noise？A．Because someone rang his door bell many times at mid-night．B．His friends had a good time that night and also feel tired．C．Because he hated the noise．D．He did not want his friends to stay late that night．13．（10分）If you'd like to go sight-seeing，the following World Heritage Sites may be your best choices．Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest AreaThe Jiuzhaigou Valley，which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province，reaches a height of more than 4，800 meters，with a series of different forest ecosystem （生态系统）．There you can enjoy watching excellent waterfalls．Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley，as well as a number of endangered plants and animals，including the giant panda．For more information，please visit http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/637．Khami Ruins National MonumentThe city of Khami，which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid-16th century，is of great archaeological （考古的） interest．The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major center for trade over a long period of time．For more information，please visit http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/365．Henderson IslandHenderson Island，which lies in the eastern South Pacific，is one of the few atolls （环礁） in the world whose ecology （生态） has not been touched by human beings．It is especially famous for the ten plants and four land birds that can only be seen on the island．For more information，please visit http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/487．The Old City of JerusalemAs a holy city for three different religions in the Middle East，Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance．It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the"List of World Heritage in Danger"the following year．For more information，please visit http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/148．（1）The passage is mainly about ．A．Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest AreaB．One of the few atolls in the worldC．Several World Heritage SitesD．Khami was a major center for trade（2）What can we know about The Jiuzhaigou Valley？A．It sits at the foot of a 4，800-meter-high mountain．B．It has different forest ecosystem．C．Most of China's endangered plants can be found here．D．In all about 140 kinds of birds and animals live there．（3）The discovery of some of the objects in Khami shows that the city ．A．had a very short historyB．was ruined in the mid-16th centuryC．was once Great Zimbabwe's largest cityD．once played a great role as a trade center（4）From the passage we can learn that Henderson Island ．A．isn't suitable for humans to live onB．has been open to visitors for yearsC．is made up of a few large atollsD．hasn't been greatly influenced by human activities（5）If you are interested in religion，you should visit ．A．http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/148B．http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/365C．http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/487D．http：//whc．unesco．org/en/list/637第二节 七选五（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选择中有两项为多余项．14．（10分）How to Overcome the Sense of FailureIn the modern society，failure can be made to feel like the worst thing that could have ever happened to a person．The fact is that failure is common．In this article，you'll learn a little about how to overcome failure through having the right attitude．Expect mistakes．（36）To expect life to be always smooth （顺利） is not practical．Failure helps to create balance in your life and presents an opportunity for personal growth．Accept the fact that things won't always go your way．Learn to love finding out that you're wrong about something．That's not failure；it's the path to finding the right way．（37）Whatever you're feeling about a failure，keep cool．Look at it this way---it won't make any difference to the result itself whether you blow your top or stay calm，but it will take a lot less energy if you choose the latter response．If you're really angry，channel these emotions to motivate yourself to start again．（38）It's not good to bottle up feelings，but you can't take out your anger on those around you for no good reason．Go for a run or a swim to give yourself space to think．Just do something to distract （使分散注意力） yourself from the strong feelings until you calm down．（39）Not only will your failure soon be yesterday's news，but if you think other people are judging you，it won't be long before they're busy worrying about their own failures．After all，everyone is going to fail now and then．So does it really matter what others think？Stop worrying，start laughing．The sun will come up again tomorrow．Things might be terrible for a little while but how will worrying help？Think back to a time when you worried a lot．（40）Most likely not，apart from giving you more wrinkles （皱纹） and gray hair．The greatest thing you can do for yourself during failure is to use humor．A．Focus on trying again．B．Remain calm．C．Don't take your anger out on others．D．Did it make any difference？E．Forget about how other people view you．F．Life's hard knocks are as common as life's successes．G．It is a good thing to set out to do something that you know will fail．第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节 完形填空（满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．15．（30分）Earthquakes are （1）；thousands of them happen each day．But most are too weak to feel．During a （2）earthquake，there is often a great noise first．Then the earth shakes terribly；many houses（3）down．Railway tracks break and trains go （4）lines；a great many factories are （5）；thousands of deaths are caused，and many more lose homes…（6）the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake （7），other disasters such as fires often （8）．More buildings are destroyed and more （9）are caused．It is well known of the （10）of possible earthquake，and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes．More than 2，000 years ago，（11），a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng （12）the very machine （13）could find out from which （14）the seismic （地震的） waves had come，and this machine is still（15）by scientists today．Now we know much more about earthquakes and（16）they happen，but we stillcannot （17）exactly when and where an earthquake will happen，and cannot （18）it from happening．So earthquakes are among the （19）disasters in the world．No one can stop natural earthquakes．（20），scientists can help stop earthquakes from destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths．（1）A．common B．unusual C．strange D．familiar（2）A．real B．weak C．big D．small（3）A．get B．put C．set D．fall（4）A．off B．on C．into D．behind（5）A．burst B．hurt C．destroyed D．buried（6）A．Except B．Besides C．Instead of D．Because of（7）A．lonely B．later C．themselves D．itself（8）A．follow B．copy C．come D．enter（9）A．quakes B．deaths C．difficulties D．results（10）A．informationB．questions C．dangers D．shock（11）A．as a result B．in fact C．for example D．as well（12）A．invented B．discovered C．found D．operated（13）A．where B．which C．as D．that（14）A．country B．directions C．ways D．city（15）A．improved B．repaired C．protected D．used（16）A．where B．when C．what D．why（17）A．speak B．tell C．talk D．point（18）A．make B．prepare C．stop D．let（19）A．worst B．best C．most D．fast（20）A．However B．But C．And D．So第四部分：笔试部分（共四节）第一节：单句语法填空，每空填写一词（15分）16．（1分）Finally，the thief handed over everything he had stolen to the police．17．（1分）The big earthquake destroyed the city （entire）．18．（1分）The magazine which Betty paid one dollar was very good．19．（1分）I found him an honest and（rely） man．20．（1分） is known to all，English is not very difficult to learn．21．（1分）A teacher should not show（prefer） for any one of his students．22．（1分）He saw a house windows were all broken．23．（1分）We send our（congratulate） to her when she passed the exam．24．（1分）We should read such books will make us better and wiser．25．（1分）The man was too（frighten） to stand up．26．（1分）After hearing his words，the poor girl burst tears and rushed from the room．27．（1分）The army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead．28．（1分）In the traffic accident，he was seriously（injure）．29．（2分）Was it in 2008he was still at middle school he became an expert at computer．第二节：短文语法填空（10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（答案请写在短文下面的划线上）．30．（10分）In the past，black people in South Africa（75） （live） a miserable（悲惨的） life．They could not vote or choose their （76） （leader）．They could not get the jobs they wanted．The parts of town in which they had to live （77） （decide） by white people．They lived in the （78） （poor） areas in the country and could not get jobs they wanted．Nelson Mandela，a modern hero，called for black people（79） （fight） against white people to make black and white people equal．He said，"We were put into a position（80） we had either to accept we were less important，（81） fight the Government．We chose to attack the law．We first broke the law（82） a way which was（83）（peace）； when this was not allowed…only then （84）we decide to answer violence with violence．"第三节：单句改错（一句一错）（10分）31．（1分）One Sunday morning，there were much people in the park．．32．（1分）There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench，read a newspaper． ．33．（1分）We both work hardly and love sports．．34．（1分）I have been interesting in science since my childhood．．35．（1分）All the time he was glancing at his new shoes what his father had bought for him．．36．（1分）Our teacher was in the charge of this activity．．37．（1分）We should protect themselves from danger．．38．（1分）I was invited my friend Sam's home for dinner．．39．（1分）My aunt felt sadly and wanted him to stop doing experiment．．40．（1分）That night，we had a great fun together．．第四节：书面表达（满分25分）41．（25分）假设你叫李华，你的初中同学王莹到广州读高中，她来信告诉你，她的英语跟不上那里学生的英语水平，课堂上听不懂，不知道怎样才能提高英语，希望你给她提些有关英语学习的建议．现在请你根据以下内容提示给她写一封回信．【写作内容】1．对她在英语学习方面有困难表示关心，并愿意提供帮助．2．给她提出建议：1）每天坚持阅读，提高阅读能力；2）扩大词汇量；3）多听英语录音带或光盘，模仿准确的语音语调，提高听力；3．提出希望：希望她在英语方面能取得进步，并赶上其他同学．注意：词数：120字左右；参考词汇：积累、背：memorize；模仿：imitate；语调：intonationDear Wang Ying，Nice to hear from you again!All the best!Yours，Li Hua．。
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河南省焦作市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Our 100-word-story competition is your chance to show the world your storytelling talents!RulesEntries are now open. Multiple entries are allowed per person. We are unfortunately only able to consider UK-based entries.Please ensure that submissions are original, not previously published and exactly 100 words long (not including title). Don’t forget to include your full name, address, email and phone number when filling in the form.Terms and conditionsThe competitors are divided into three categories: adults, children aged 12-18 and children under 12. The only adult winner will receive £1, 000 and one runner-up will receive £250. The 12-18 child winner can get a £200 book voucher (代金券) and a £100 book voucher for their school, and the runner-up in this category will receive a £100 book voucher for themselves. In the under-12 category, the winner will receive £100 of book vouchers and £100 of book vouchers for their school, and the runner-up will receive a £50 book voucher.Please submit your stories by 5:00 pm on January 5, 2024 either online or by post.The editorial team will pick a shortlist (入围名单) of entries, and the three best stories in each category will be posted online on February 1, 2024.You can vote for your favorite, and the one with the most votes will win the top prize. Voting will close on February 29, 2024 and the winning entries will be published in our May 2024 issue, and posted online on April 16, 2024.1．What is requested for the entries?A．They are limited to 100 words.B．They can be co-authored.C．They must be from the UK.D．They must be submitted in person. 2．What’s the submission deadline for the entries?A．January 5, 2024.B．February 1, 2024.3．What do we know about the winning entries?A．They will be available in print only.B．They will be selected by popular votes.C．They will be polished by the editorial team.D．They will be on a shortlist of no more than three.Throughout my twenties I told myself that I would give up smoking one day. That seemed comfortably far away to prevent me panicking too much, but also definitive enough to fool myself into thinking I’d give up before it killed me. But then my thirties came and went and nothing happened.Then, my aunt died from lung cancer. I had a moment of fear: unless I decide to stop smoking, there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I’ll have a cough or some other symptom (症状) and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease. Still, I didn’t act.But I couldn’t help beginning a good, hard think about my smoking and what I was going to do about it. The more I thought about it, the more I questioned what I really loved about it. Then came the sudden realization: I was an addict-I was making all the kind of excuses that the alcohol and drug addicts made.I decided to quit. But after a few days when out for drinks with friends, I yielded to temptation (诱惑) and had one. The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first quit attempt was well and truly a failure. But I learned from this and decided the next attempt would be better planned. I investigated different options online, and met with a smoking cessation (戒烟) nurse at my local surgery who used some techniques to change my thinking about smoking.With all the support around me, I felt so confident about my ability to quit. I actually looked forward to the date I’d set to stop. That was nearly 10 years ago and I haven’t looked back. Of course, in the early days it wasn’t always plain sailing. There were times when I was weak and times when I nearly slipped up. But I was prepared for this and didn’t let it throw me off. Stopping smoking was one of the best things I’ve ever done.4．What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?A．He was ignorant of cigarettes.B．He cared little about his health.D．He didn’t make up his mind to quit smoking.5．What inspired the author to make the first quit attempt?A．His self-analysis.B．Worsening health.C．Symptoms of lung cancer.D．Loss of a family member.6．What does the underlined phrase “yielded to” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Came up with.B．Gave in to.C．Stepped out of.D．Broke away from.7．Which can best describe the second attempt?A．It was fruitless.B．It lasted for 10 years.C．It was a determined attempt.D．It was abandoned halfway.It’s a familiar plot in movies and books: A bright-eyed man moves to the big city in search of fame and fortune. In the noises and lights, all hopes and dreams come true. But why do we stick to this old story? In Four Lost Cities, author Annalee Newitz explores ancient settlements to find out why people flood into big cities — and why they leave.The book is divided into four enjoyable, snack-sized sections, one for each city. Each section is accompanied by a handy map, drawn by artist Jason Thompson in an engaging cartoon style.Rather than dry history, Newitz makes a special effort to highlight the oddities and innovations that made these cities unique. Take Catalhöyük, the oldest city they feature, which boomed between 7500 and 5700 BC in what is now Turkey. This ancient city existed for nearly 2, 000 years despite lacking things that we might consider necessary for a city, such as roads, special public spaces or shopping areas.The section on Cahokia (AD 1050 to 1350) —located in what is now Illinois — offers an unexpected reason for a city’s emergence. Many people link cities with capitalism and trade. Cahokia’s 30-meter-tall pyramids, 20-hectare (公顷) squares and a population (at the time) bigger than Paris suggest that spiritual revival (复苏) can also build a large city. Cahokia and Angkor, which reached its peak from AD 800 to 1431 in what is now Cambodia, also show how cities can form when power gets concentrated in a few influential people.Each city, of course, eventually fell. But Newitz also reveals something else: Collapsing infrastructure (基础设施) provided the final push that kept people away. Here we spot ourBut Newitz’s vivid imaginings, bright language and boundless enthusiasm manage to keep the tone optimistic. These cities did end, yes. Yet the people lived on.8．Why is a bright-eyed man mentioned in paragraph 1?A．To introduce the topic.B．To raise some doubts.C．To make a comparison.D．To present a phenomenon.9．How is paragraph 3 developed?A．By citing data.B．By defining a term.C．By giving an example.D．By telling a story.10．What was the reason for the rise of Cahokia and Angkor?A．Trade.B．Capitalism.C．A large population.D．Concentration of power.11．What does the author think of Four Lost Cities?A．It features a cartoon style.B．It offers insight into our future.C．It consists of no original ideas.D．It promotes the ancient cultures.In the 20th century, conservationists set out to restore the Galapagos giant tortoise (巨型陆龟) on Española — and the island ecosystem. From 1963 to 2020, conservationists reintroduced nearly 2,000 Galapagos giant tortoises to Española. Since then, the tortoises have continued to multiply in the wild, causing the population to blossom to an estimated 3,000. They’ve also seen the ecological transformation of Española.The tortoises’ return has also helped the critically endangered waved albatross (信天翁) — a species that multiplies only on Española. During the island’s woody times, Maud Quinzin, a conservation geneticist who has previously worked with Galapagos tortoises, says that people had to repeatedly clear the areas the seabirds use as runways to take off and land. Now, if the landing places are getting overgrown, they’ll move tortoises into the area to take care of it for them. The secret to this success is that — much like brown bears and elephants — giant tortoises are ecological architects. As they wander around, they change the landscape. They step on young trees and bushes before they can grow big enough to block the albatrosses’ way.The giant tortoises likewise have a big impact on the giant species of prickly pear cactuses (仙人掌梨) that call Española home — one of the tortoises’ favorite foods and anleaves, they prevent them from taking root and competing with their parents. And, after they eat the cactus’s fruit, they drop the seeds across the island, offering a protective shell of fertilizer.The extent of these and other ecological effects of the tortoise are documented in a new study by James Gibbs, a conservation scientist of the giant tortoise restoration program. The results, he says, are a good sign for other rewilding projects that include giant tortoise restoration as a keystone of their efforts, such as those underway on other islands of the Galapagos and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.12．What is a result of reintroducing the Galapagos giant tortoise to Española?A．Endangerment of other species.B．Restoration of the local ecosystem.C．Decrease in giant tortoises’ population.D．Transformation of rewilding projects.13．How did the giant tortoise influence the waved albatross?A．By reducing the extent of woody plants.B．By spreading the seeds of a key species.C．By creating more living habitats for them.D．By limiting the number of their competitors.14．What is James Gibbs’s attitude towards the giant tortoise project?A．Unclear.B．Reserved.C．Positive.D．Dismissive. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Endangered Species Is Hard to Be RestoredB．Once-endangered Species Blossom in Galapagos IslandsC．Española Became a Wonderland for Galapagos Giant TortoisesD．Galapagos Giant Tortoises Prove Their Worth as Ecosystem Engineers二、七选五High-hope people are optimistic about their future and they believe in possibilities. They see challenges as opportunities to grow and learn, rather than as obstacles (障碍). Here’s a tip sheet to get you into the habit of hope.They know that without a clear goal, it’s easy to get distracted and lose focus. Meanwhile, they don’t let life happen to them. Instead, they actively make decisions and take action to move forward in their lives. They usually visualize their goals and create conditions that set them up for success.Being around positive people is one way to keep an optimistic mind. Hopeful people tend to spend more time associating with those who share a bright attitude. 17 People high in hope don’t block themselves from folks who have a more pessimistic viewpoint. They know that seeing different perspectives allows them to be realistic.Hopeful people are always grateful for what they have. 18 They recognize that even though they may not have everything they want, they’re still lucky to have so much good in life, thus making them focus more on what’s in front of them.19 When it comes to high-hope people, no matter what life throws at them, they try to see the silver lining. They don’t let the circumstance define their emotional response. In addition to having a positive outlook, high-hope people are also creative problem-solvers. When faced with a challenge, they don’t give up easily. 20A．People high in hope do both.B．Keeping a positive outlook is also important.C．Another trick is sticking with positive people.D．This allows them to stay positive and take urgent action.E．That keeps them appreciative and grounded in the moment.F．Instead, they find solutions that help them overcome the obstacles in their way.G．However, this doesn’t mean they are intolerant of another person’s negativity or struggles.三、完形填空Denisar.practiced and could read a book 27 , I recorded it and e-mailed it to Captain Denisar. And if they finished a writing assignment, I would take a 28 and e-mail it. Captain Denisar, then, would send back emails full of praise and 29 . You could imagine how excited my first graders were to 30 a soldier!We also used the information Captain Denisar included in his e-mails as 31 opportunities: what a soldier’s life was like, how to make a fire etc. Gradually, this man 32 the hearts of my students. They were so eager to please Captain Denisar that they tried their best to 33 themselves in my class. Now, teaching became a(n) 34 rather than a headache to me.At the end of that year, we wrote a letter of thanks to him. To my surprise, he was even more 35 of the communication, saying my first graders truly lightened things up for him.21．A．temporary B．tough C．steady D．urgent 22．A．as B．though C．in case D．ever since 23．A．decided B．pretended C．regretted D．failed 24．A．capable B．strict C．crucial D．military 25．A．greeting B．notice C．reply D．comment 26．A．reward B．alarm C．security D．communication 27．A．nervously B．fluently C．casually D．secretly 28．A．rest B．chance C．breath D．picture 29．A．impression B．prediction C．encouragement D．assessment 30．A．meet with B．pick up C．hear from D．cheer on 31．A．learning B．working C．teaching D．playing 32．A．broke B．stole C．protected D．felt 33．A．challenge B．recognize C．behave D．introduce 34．A．idea B．treat C．habit D．option 35．A．hopeful B．tolerant C．conscious D．appreciative四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。