【语法讲解】高中英语强调句型专题讲解

英语强调句

一、强调句的基本结构及用法

强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是…”等字眼。

其基本结构是：It+ be的适当形式+被强调成分+that (who)+其他成分He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he)

→It was the book that he boug ht in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book) →It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop)

【注意】

1.在该强调结构中，It 无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。

It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。

2. 关于that与who：

当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that；

当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who

It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．

当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。

当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when / where /why代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。

1）It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until

B. that

C. when

D. so

2）It was in Qingdao _____ I saw the sea for the first time.

A. what

B. that

C. when

D. which

3）It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off.

A. so

B. so that

C. why

D. that

如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。

It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class．

3.关于be的适当形式：

在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。

①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，就用is。

It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，就用was。例如:

It was between 1989 and 1999 _____ great changes took place in our hometown.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. because

③也可以根据需要用It may/might/must be…that/who…; It must have

been… that/who… 如

It might be Sally that you are thinking of.

It might be in the morning that he broke into the house.

It might be his father that you are looking for.

It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf our class.

It must have been her twin sister that you saw.

It_____ Peter who has let this secret out because I only told him the news. A. can be B. should be C. might be D. must be

It must have been his brother that you met.

4. 关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because 引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although引导的让步状语从句、for、since, as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如：

强调主语、宾语。

例1．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET03)

A. who

B. that

C. how

D. what

例2．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience’s interest. (上海2000 春)

A. so that

B. that

C. what

D. in which

强调主语从句how the young man had learned five foreign languages。

例3．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it