英汉同声传译98-08
考研英语之翻译手译本1998-2009年
1998年71）But even more importantꢀ it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the pastꢀ for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed15billion yeays ago.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：1ꢄꢅ分析：73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：2ꢄꢅ分析：75)Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：31999年71)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：4ꢄꢅ分析：73)During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：5ꢄꢅ分析：75)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62000年71)Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational researchexperts.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：7ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationꢀ with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followedꢀ was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.ꢀ ꢀ ：8ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsꢀ themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：92001年71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robotsꢀ and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offendꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：10ꢄꢅ分析：73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:ꢂIt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：11ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderꢀ kitchen rage.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：122002年61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：13ꢄꢅ分析：63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theoryꢀ and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇法：14ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejectedꢀ and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：152003年61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：16ꢄꢅ分析：63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Tylor defined culture asꢂ...that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：17ꢄꢅ分析：65)Thus,the anthropological concept ofꢂcultureꢃꢀ like the concept ofꢂsetꢃin mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：182004年61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：19ꢄꢅ分析：63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：20ꢄꢅ分析：65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：212005年46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedꢄand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：22ꢄꢅ分析：48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than50%took a loss in 1989.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Creating aꢂEuropean identityꢃthat respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：23ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to sayꢂUnited we stand,divided we fallꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：242006年46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(ꢅꢆꢇꢈ) way about moral problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：25ꢄꢅ分析：48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：26ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：272007年46)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：28ꢄꢅ分析：48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：29ꢄꢅ分析：50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significanceand make their own judgments.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：302008年46)He believes that this very difficult may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with metaphysics or mathematics.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：31ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was"superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：32ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：332009年46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：34ꢄꢅ分析：48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：35ꢄꢅ分析：50)We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of educationꢀ that of direct tuition or schooling.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：36。
2013海峡两岸口译大赛汉译英文本
1.1中国发射了一架无人飞船，这被称为北京建造自己空间站的第一步。
这个叫做“天宫一号”、重8.5吨的飞行器在当地时间上星期四晚间从中国西北部的戈壁沙漠上一个地点发射。
这架飞船由长征2F火箭推动升空。
中国各地的报纸刊登了有关这次发射的详细报道ciwai将在11月1日发射的另一艘无人飞船“神舟八号”将与“天宫一号”对接。
这将是中国第一次在太空中的对接。
项目将要求在2016年底前建设一个空间实验室，在2020年左右完成建造一个重60吨的空间站。
中国在2003年首次实现载人宇宙飞船升空，这距离美国和前苏联的创举有40多年之久。
在中国进行最新努力之际，美国航天飞机舰队的退役为美国太空项目的未来划上问号。
China has launched an unmanned spacecraft, in what is described as Beijing's first step toward building its own space station. The 8.5 ton module -- known as Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace" -- lifted off from a site in China's northwestern Gobi desert last Thursday night local time. The craft was propelled by a Long March 2F rocket. Detailed reports about the launch were splashed across Chinese newspapersAnother unmanned spacecraft to be launched November 1 will meet up with the module for China's first space-docking procedure. The program calls for construction of a space laboratory by 2016 and completion of a 60-ton space station around 2020.China conducted its first manned space flight in 2003, more than four decades after pioneering flights by the United States and Soviet Union. The latest efforts come at a time when the retirement of the U.S. space shuttle fleet has left the future of the American space program in question.1.2亚洲作为这次危机被波及的地区正深受其害，面临着出口下降、就业减少、外汇储备风险加大等威胁。
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 (1)北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班) (6)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (22)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (27)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (32)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (36)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (41)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (45)北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green”of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for thecoming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints –can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between themis the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. Howmany English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。
(NEW)冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库(含考研真题)
目 录第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译第二节 增词翻译第三节 减词翻译第四节 合并翻译第五节 转性译法第六节 名词的抽象和具体译法第七节 数字和倍数的翻译第八节 成语的英译第九节 修辞格的翻译第二章 句法翻译第一节 换序和转态第二节 断句和合句译法第三节 长句的译法第四节 正说与反说第三章 语篇与翻译第一节 衔接第二节 连贯第四章 文体与翻译第一节 实用文体翻译第二节 文学文体翻译第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。
1. ①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①letter of application②report③agreement④grade report⑤sales confirmation⑥white book⑦a letter from home2. ①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①case history form②resume③timetable④schedule⑤price list3. ①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letter of recommendation②certificate③an oral message4. ①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①name list②menu③bill④policy⑤subscription form⑥account note⑦ticket5. ①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①quality of writing②art of leadership③standard of living④level of development⑤work performance⑥degree of openness6. 身体好，学习好，工作好。
【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.7. ①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①to manage economic affairs within a framework②economic globalization③to build a knowledge-driven society④the practice of democracy in international relations⑤to build an information-based national economy⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production8. ①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①a swarm of bees②a brood of chickens③a litter of pups9. ①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①a bevy of beautiful ladies②a pack of hounds③a team of ducks④a herd of antelopes10. ①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailing support②proactive fiscal policy③make effective use of overseas resources11. ①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basic wage②capital construction③essential commodity④primary industry⑤fundamental interest12. ①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①a big city②a heavy rain③a high aim④an important person⑤general principle13. ①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①a veteran②a senior leader③a master craftsman④overgrown celery14. ①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①to make a phone call②to take a taxi③to knit a woolen sweater④to fetch water⑤to play basketball⑥to spray insecticide15. ①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①to uphold unity②to uphold independence and sovereignty③to defend national honor④to defend state sovereignty⑤to safeguard the people’s interests⑥to safeguard self-respect⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security16. ①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行协商⑦进行核试验【译文】①to carry out socialist revolution②to carry on a spirited debate③to make an on-the-spot investigation④to have a cordial conversation⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with⑥to conduct a nuclear test17. 严格训练、严格要求。
1995-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
1995-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers thatsurround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
交替传译实践教程听力原文
交替传译实践教程听力原文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：交替传译是一种在口译中常见的技能，即传译者在听说两种语言之间进行迅速切换，同时在大脑中进行翻译和语言转换。
这项技能在国际会议、商务洽谈、学术研讨等场合中扮演着重要的角色。
为了帮助大家提升交替传译能力，下面将介绍一份关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文。
在进行交替传译之前，传译者需要熟练掌握两种语言的听力技巧。
在接受讲话时，要注意提前了解讲话内容的主题和背景，这样有助于理解讲话者的意图和表达。
要注意讲话者的语速、语调和口音，以便更好地理解讲话内容。
传译者还要善于利用上下文信息和语境来帮助理解并准确传译。
在交替传译过程中，传译者需要不断进行练习和训练，以提高自己的传译能力。
可以通过听力练习、口语练习和模拟场景练习等方式来进行训练。
在练习中，传译者可以利用录音设备录制讲话内容，然后进行逐句逐段的传译，检查自己的准确性和流畅度。
还可以参加口译培训班或交流会议，与其他口译者进行交流和学习，互相帮助提升口译水平。
在进行实际的交替传译时，传译者需要具备一定的心理素质和应变能力。
在面对长时间的口译任务时，传译者要保持专注和耐心，保持头脑清晰和思维敏捷。
在遇到词汇难点或语义模糊时，传译者要善于应对，灵活处理，避免出现停顿或犹豫。
要保持良好的心态和情绪，保持自信和自信心，才能应对各种突发情况和挑战。
交替传译是一项需要专业技能和实践经验的口译技能，在日常实践中需要不断学习和提升。
通过科学的训练和规范的实践，传译者可以逐渐提高交替传译能力，为自己的口译事业打下坚实的基础。
希望以上关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文可以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握交替传译技能，取得更好的口译成绩。
第二篇示例：交替传译是一种在不同语言之间进行口译的技能，通常用于会议、研讨会、考试等场合。
在交替传译中，译员需要将听到的内容通过口译方式传达给听众，要求其具有出色的听力、口语和记忆能力。
本篇文章将介绍一份关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文，旨在帮助想要学习交替传译技能的人们提高自己的口译水平。
英语同声传译资料(中英双语)
刘建超中菲建交34周年晚会致辞尊敬的国防部长特奥多罗阁下，尊敬的阿布达林副外长阁下，尊敬的伊斯库第洛参议员阁下，尊敬的戴宏达主席，各位使节及使团同事，各位来宾，女士们，先生们，大家晚上好，欢迎各位莅临今晚盛会。
34年前的今天，我们的先辈们开启了中菲外交关系。
他们种下了友谊的种子，今天我们收获了两国强劲的战略性合作关系的硕果。
感谢先辈们的远见和勇气，我们将继续为中菲关系美好未来而努力前行。
我谨代表中国人民，感谢菲律宾人民对我们的友好和善意，感谢你们宣布2002年起，每年的6月9日为“菲中友谊日”。
今年是第8届“菲中友谊日”，我相信这一节日将继续传承下去。
我还想利用这一机会，感谢菲律宾华人为两国关系发展所作的贡献。
数百年来，菲律宾华人融入菲主流社会，为菲经济发展和民生建立功勋。
他们现在是并将继续是中菲关系发展的重要推动力量之一。
今晚是一个欢庆的盛会。
我们很高兴邀请到广东省艺术家来菲表演。
今晚的演出将进一步为业已绚烂多彩的中菲文化交流增光添彩。
祝愿大家度过一个愉快的夜晚。
谢谢！Y our Honorable Gilberto Teodoro (Secretary of National Defense), Y our Honorable Franklin Ebdalin (Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs), Y our Honorable Senator Chiz Escudero, Respectful Dr. Peter Ty (Chairman of the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Associations of the Philippines), Excellencies and Colleagues of the Diplomatic Corps, Leaders of Filipino-Chinese Communities, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,Good evening and a big welcome to this special and festive gathering.Thirty-four years ago today, the forerunners of our two countries started the diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines. They planted the seeds of friendship, and today, we are reaping a bumper harvest of an ever strong strategic and cooperative relationship between us. We are obliged to the forerunners for their vision and courage, and we shall never waver in carrying this cause forward to a greater and brighter future.On behalf of the Chinese people, I want to thank the Philippine people for your friendship and goodwill towards us. We thank you for proclaiming 9th of June sinc e 2002 as the Filipino-Chinese Friendship Day. This is the 8th Friendship Day and I am sure there will be more of them for us to celebrate in the time to come.This is also an opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of the Filipino-Chinese to the thriving bilateral relationship. For centuries, the Filipino-Chinese have been struggling, fighting and working together with the Philippine people for independence, liberty and prosperity. They are, and will continue to be a driving force for the growth of China-Philippine relations.This is a time to celebrate. Tonight, we are so pleased to have with us visiting artists from China's Guangdong Province. Their performance will be another event adding to the already colorful cultural exchanges between our two countries. I hope you will find the performance fascinating, impressive and enjoyable. Thank you and Mabuhay!2003年温家宝在世界旅游组织15届大会开幕式上的讲话世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利先生, 联合国常务副秘书长弗莱切特女士, 各位代表，女士们，先生们:十月的北京, 天高气爽, 秋色宜人。
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北京外国语大学1998年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语（35％）有一次，有拥护的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客:―您下车吗？‖女乘客没理他。
―你下车吗？‖他又问了一遍，女乘客还是没理他。
―下车吗？‖他耐不住了，放大声问，那女乘客依然没有反映。
―你是聋子，还是哑巴？‖他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引得车厢里的人都往这里看。
女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛回手给男乘客一拳。
见此情景，我猛然想起在60 路沿线上有家福利工厂，女乘客可能就是个聋哑人听不见声音。
我赶忙向男乘客解释，又用纸条写了一句话，举到女乘客眼前:―对不起！他要下车，他问了您好几声，您是不是没听见？‖女乘客点了点头，把道让开了。
从此以后，我就特别注意聋哑人的特征，还从他那里学会了一些常用的手语。
比如，我可以用哑语问他们:―朋友，您好！‖―您到哪里下车？‖―您请往里走！‖―谢谢‖等等。
这样，不仅我能更好地为他们服务，与他们进行感情交流，也减少了一些他们与其他乘客的误会和纠纷。
II.将下列单句译成英语（15％）1.目前我们国内正在进行改革。
我是主张改革的，不改革就没有出路，旧的那一套经过几十年的时间证明是不成功的。
2.中国反对霸权主义，自己也永远不称霸。
3.我们搞社会主义才几十年，还处在初级阶段。
巩固和发展社会主义制度，还需要一个很长的历史阶段，需要我们几代人、十几代人，甚至几十代人坚持不懈地努力奋斗。
III. 将下列短文译成汉语（35％）India has always had ride: Now it has ambition. In the early years of independence Nehru‘sgovernment rejoiced in standing apart, the epitome of the ―nonaligned‖ nation.As aconglomeration of peoples with seven major religions and 18 official languages, India had its own rules —— a democracy in a continent ruled by despots, a planned economy whose bureaucratic stewards were satisfied to creep along at a 3 or 4 percent ―Hindu rate of growth.‖Only when the New Delhi elite squarely acknowledged that its hubris had put the nation on the sidelines of the global economy ——while India‘s great rival China was getting rich ——did real reforms begin. Six years into India‘s opening to the world, the economy is growing by nearly 7 percent a year—— a rate that by the year 2020 will transform India into the world‘s fourth largest economy (afterChina, the United States and Japan). ―There is a lot of political cacophony,‖ says Finance MinisterP. Chidambaram, who has served under two coalition governments in the last 14 months. ―But weare on course.‖ ……The Indian mind-set is without question changing in revolutionary ways. Not so long ago, the nation of 950 million people, growing by 18 million a year, worried mainly about feeding itself. Butin today‘s newly competitive India, bureaucrats and industrialists ponder the advantages of a lowcost labor pool that is growing younger while the work force of the developed world is again.Perhaps India‘s greatest strength of the 21st century will lie in its ability to employ hundreds of millions of people in labor-intensive industries ranging from food processing to textiles.IV. 将下列单句译成汉语（15%）1. Two thirds of Pakistan‘s 130 million people are illiterate, as are half of India‘s 929 million. While this is a big improvement compared with the less than 15% literacy rate when India becameindependent, it is well behind most of Asia.2. Both India and Pakistan spend less as a percentage of GDP on health than do most otherdeveloping countries.3. Rarely has the United States been at loss for words or actions when an international situation affects its interests. But Washi ngton‘s muted response to the currency crisis sweeping Southeast Asia is sowing suspicion among its allies in the region andfuelling anti-American sentiment北京外国语大学1999年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷1.将下列短文译成英语（35％）今年6 月克林顿访华带了一支庞大的新闻队伍，使美国的民众第一次有了一个比较客观地了解中国发展变化情况的机会，用新华社的话来说，克林顿访华的报道，才―使‗新中国‘的形象首次深入到美国的千家万户‖。
至于美国的政治家和新闻媒体则对所接触到的中国情况大感―意外‖。
以上的例子说明，西方世界对中国的认识与中国的实际情况相差有多远。
究其原因，主要是西方有些人习惯于用政治化，意识形态化的眼光看待人权问题，习惯把一种社会制度看成是人权的化身，而把其他社会制度和发展模式看成是侵犯人权的不表现，因此，总是把共产党领导的中国想象成一个反人权的国家。
这种思维方式，使他们无法正确认识中国人权的真是情况，看不到中国的积极变化和发展，甚至把中国促进人权的努力都误认为是侵犯人权的表现。
和平，发展与人权是世界各国的共同要求，更是一个多世纪以来中国人民矢志不渝的奋斗目标。
中国当前正致力于建设富强民主文明的国家，这是一项使五分之一人类彻底摆脱贫困，充分实现人权的跨世纪的伟大事业，也是世界和平发展和人权事业的重要组成部分。
开放的中国需要吸收人类一切优秀文化成果和有益经验，也需要得到各国的最大理解和支持。
II. 将下列单句译成英语（15％）1. 国家对经济的管理，已经由指令性计划为主的直接控制，转变为主要运用经济和法律手段的间接调控。
2. 1995 年的经济体制改革，使重点推进国有企业改革，并配套进行社会保障制度改革，进一步转变政府职能，培育市场体系。
3. 不顾本国的实际照搬其它国家的具体模式，或以自己的模式为尺度衡量和评判其它国家，都不是一种求实和相互尊重的态度，不利于国家之间的相互借鉴和共同发展。
III. 将系列短文译成汉语（35%）I like to think that my own relationship with President Reagan and the efforts I made to try to establish common ground between the United States and the Europeanshelped to prevent disagreements over the pipeline and other trading issues from poisoning western co-operation at this critical juncture. Certainly, the summer of 1982 saw some useful international diplomacy.Between 4 and 6 June the heads of government of the G7 countries met amid the splendid opulenceof Versailles. … President Mitterr and, who chaired the summit, had prepared a paper on the impact of new technology on employment. It quite often happened that the country in the chair at summit meetings felt that they must introduce some new initiatives even at the cost of extra government intervention and increased bureaucracy. This was no exception. For my part, I had no doubt about the attitude to take to technological innovation: it must be welcomed not resisted.There might be ―new‖ technology but technological progress itself was nothing new, and over the years it had not destroyed jobs but created them. Our task was not to make grand plans for technological innovation but rather to see how public opinion could be influenced in order to embrace not recoil from it.Fortunately, therefore, President Mitterrand‘s paper was kicked into touch in the form of a working group.……But my most vivid recollection of the proceedings atVersailles is of the impression made by President Reagan. At one point he spoke for twenty minutes or so without notes, outlining his economic vision. His quite but powerful words provided those who did not yet know him with some insight into the qualities which made him such a remarkable political leader. After he had finished, President Mitterrand acknowledged that no one would criticize President Reagan for being true to his beliefs. Given President Mitterrand‘s socialist policies, that was almost a compliment.IV. 将下列单句译成英语（15％）1. No serious student of history can doubt that the emergence of China as a world power presents a serious challenge to American foreign policy.2. Officials in many signatory states had disputed the complicated provisions of the treaty; somenational legislatures —— notably the US Senate —— refused to ratify the treaty onthe ground that it was too kind to developing countries by not requiring their compliance. Moreover, critics said that by not sufficiently emphasizing deadlines for implementation, the Kyoto treaty let even the rich nations off the hook.3. Success against inflation was the single achievement to which we drew most attention as weapproached the election, not least because Labor looked set to promise huge increases in spending and borrowing which could never be honestly financed and which would have sent prices soaringagain.北京外国语大学2000年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语（35％）失败产品提到产品，人们往往对名牌、精品津津乐道，而对一般产品却不屑一顾，对失败产品更是讳莫如深。