Brief Introduction of Ezra Pound
•IntroductionThe poems of Cathay contribute positively to literary and cultural interaction between the Chinese audiences and the English audiences. By and large, Cathay ought to be viewed as a recreation translation from the Chinese classic poetry. In terms of its relations to the Chinese classic poetry and Fenollosa's manuscripts, the intermediary translations base on, not all source texts are selected and not all qualities have been transferred in Cathay, including loss of local taste, of rigid rhythm and form of the originals. On the contrary, Cathay presents us a new mask: colloquial in language, graphic space in versifying, and flexible in its movement. According to Pound's strategies, the creative translation applied in Chinese poetry translation would produce a verse that reads like a "good" English poem but in fact distort the original in many manners. A translator who tries in this way usually needs super literary talent, for he cannot produce "good" verse if not an excellent poet himself. Pound was a gifted poet, so he did the job well. But perhaps the result of Pound's practice has had so much effect upon poetry that people notice only Pound's innovating Imagism and neglect his contribution to translation.ⅠBrief Introduction of Ezra PoundEzra Pound (1885-1972), a leading spokesman of the "Imagist Movement," was one of the most important poets in his time. Despite the fact is that he was politically controversial and notorious for what he did in the wartime, Pound's literary talents are extraordinary. He composed poems, wrote criticisms and did translations.1.1 Ezra Pound’s Education BackgroundEzra Pound was born in Hailey, Idaho in 1885. But he was brought up in Philadelphia. He made his first visit to Europe with his family in 1892 and 1902. At the age of twelve Pound entered Cheltenham, a military school, where he was introduced to Greek and Latin. Just before his sixteenth birthday, Pound entered the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1903 he transferred to Hamilton College, where he studied Anglo-Saxon and Romance(罗曼语，拉丁系语言)languages. He received his bachelor’s degree in1905. He was undoubtedly a genius. Before graduating from university, he had mastered nine languages. Such as English, Latin, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Provencal(普罗旺斯语), Anglo-Saxon, Greek and Romance languages, which laid a good foundation for his later literary and translation career. (Net.2)1.2 Pound as a PoetHe taught Romance languages at Wabash College in Indiana for a short time in1907. However, his teaching career was cut short when he had entertained an actress that he allowed to stay overnight with him in his room.In 1908 Pound traveled widely in Europe, working as a journalist. His first book of poems, A Lume Spento(1908), was privately printed in Venice. He then moved to London and came into contact with T.E. Hulme later founded imagism together with H.D. and Richard Aldington. And they edited their first anthology, Des Imagists(1914). In their manifesto the Imagists promised: "1. Direct treatment of the 'thing' whether subjective or objective. 2. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation. 3. As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome." Pound's short "one-image poem" 'In a Station of the Metro' is among the most celebrated Imagist works: "The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough." Pound had seen a succession of beautiful faces one day on the Paris Metro, and in the evening he found suddenly the expression for his sudden emotion1.3 Pound as a TranslatorIn 1913 with the notebooks of the Orientalist Ernest Fenollosa, he pursued a lifelong study of ancient Chinese texts, and translated among others the writings of Confucius. Pound's translations based on Fenollosa's notes, collected in Cathay (1915), are considered among the most beautiful of his writings. Ezra Pound’s Cathay(1915) is the first collection of Chinese classical poetry published in America. The small pamphlet was a great success, as it not only attracted the western eyes to the oriental world, but also put forward the Imagism movement. Being a sensitive, rebellious poetic spirit as well as a multi-lingual translator, Ezra Pound had inexhaustible influence upon the American poetry and the translation of Chinese classical poetry.The First World War woke Pound up from his intense poetic occupations, and pushed him into the interest for economics and politics, which proved to be unfortunate for him. In the late 1930s’s, Pound devo ted much of his energy to defending fascism. At the end of the war, he was arrested by the U.S. military authorities. After being declared insane, He was sent to St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington, D.C.In 1958, the joint effort of such eminent personalities as T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, and Ernest Hemingway secured his release. He returned to Italy, where he worked until his death in 1972.•ⅡEzra Pound’s Creative Translation of Chinese Classical PoemsEzra Pound’s Cathay is a great success. He translated 19 classical Chinese poets into English. At the same time, many others scholars, foreign or domestic, have been engaged in translating the classical Chinese culture to the world. However, the task has never been easy. In the history of verse translation, there emerged three different types of translating. Namely “metaphase” or literal translation represented by Arthur Waley; liberal translation represented Giles. And adaptation or creative represented by Ezra Pound. This paper studies the Ezra Pound’s translation theory and demonstrates its advantages.2.1 The Definition of Creative Translation of Chinese Classical PoemsWith the passage of time people seem to be forgetting his war time follies and beginning to evaluate his achievement as a poet, and has come to realize that he has helped to make modern poetry. And as such he will be remembered.In Pound’s literary works, it is often difficult to tell translation or adaptation from original composition. Translation to pound assumes an importa nce seldom found in other modern poets. To some extent, Pound’s poetics is essentially the poetics of translation. Actually, his translation theories reinforced and promoted his imagist poetics. Pound doesn’t see much difference between a poet and a poem translator. A poem translatorshould explore deep into the mind of the poet to think what he thought and to feel what he felt, so that the overlap of mind could occur and the cultural and linguistic barriers could be surpassed. Thus the translation could achieve fidelity to the original on both meaning and atmosphere. Pound doesn’t put much emphasis on words and sentences. Instead, he puts himself in the position of the poet and summarizes the poet’s thoughts and emotions, then turns it into the target lang uage. Words and sentenced are not the source text for him. But merely a media to introduce him to source text which is the thoughts and feeling of the poet. This is we called adaptive way of poetry translation which has come to be a dominant strategy in twentieth century fuelled also by the development of English free verse.2.2 Ezra Pound’ Creative Strategies in Translating Poetic Elements Though as a practical translator rather than a translation theorist, Pound made some noteworthy statements concerning translating activity. In how to read special points concerning the translation of different elements in poetry elaborated. The language is charged or energized in various matters that are to say there are three kind of poetry. Namely, Melopoeia, Phanopoeia, logpoeia. He makes three kind of distinction in his thinking about the translation of poetry, and endeavors to define elements that are more or less translatable. He suggests there are there kinds of poetry that may be found in any literature, the first is2.2.1 The Melody of PoetryMelopoeia (the melody of poetry): words are surcharged with musical property that directs the shape of the meaning. This musical quality can be appreciated by the foreigner with the sensitive ear, but cannot be translated, except perhaps by divine accident or even half a line at a time. In A Retrospect, Pound devoted a lot of space to discussing rhythm and rhyme. He insists it is not necessary that a poem should rely on its music, but if it does rely on its music must be such as will delight the expert don’t chop your stuff into separate iambs naturally, your rhythmic structure should not destroy the shape of your words or their natural sound or their meaning he believes in absolute rhythm a rhythm that is in poetry which corresponds exactly to the emotion or shade of emotion to be expressed. That is to say only when the thing builds up a rhythm more beautiful than that of set meters or more real more a part of the emotion of the thing , more germane intimate interpretative than the measure of regular accentual verse a rhythm which discontents one with set iambic or rhythm can be seen Chinese classical poem s however has strict rhythm patterns of ping平，ze 仄，wulv五律，wujue五绝，qilv七律，and qijue七绝all have fixed rhythm without which the poems will be devalued. Though Pound receives poems of the second hand source his literary insight guarantees his awareness of Chinese rhythm the thorough examination of all 19 poems of Cathay reveals that pound makes no effortto preserve the original rigid rhythm at all. Take separation on the river kiang as an example:送孟浩然之广陵separation on the river kiang李白by Ezra Pound古人西辞黄鹤楼，ko-jin goes west from kokako-ro,烟花三月下扬州。
E.Pound翻译家 庞德及 翻译理论 简介
Ezra Pound
埃兹拉·庞德在英美现代诗坛和评坛上无可非 议是最有影响的人物，他对第一次世界大战后兴 起的现代文学运动的一代青年有着巨大的影响， 几乎是一位传奇式的人物。
庞德生于爱达荷洲，早年在宾夕法尼亚大学学 习.毕业时他不但精通英文文法和文学，而且掌握 了九种外语，22岁时在印第安纳的一所大学任教 授。由于他生活放荡，不久被解职，开始漂流他 乡。1908年来到伦敦并结识了著名爱尔兰诗人 W.B.叶芝。1912年他同几位青年诗人发起了意象 主义运动，成为英美新诗运动的积极倡导者。作 为一位诗人和诗歌理论家，他不但推动传播意象 技巧的新发明，而且还在探索盎格鲁-撒克逊，普 罗旺斯，汉语，日语及拉丁语诗歌并不断充实创 新，他的大多数杰作实际上是这些古老传统诗的 编译或再创作
Light rain is on the light dust. 渭城朝雨浥轻尘
庞德把握住了诗人诗歌语言中的图画性。 用“light”这个包含着清、轻、亮色含义的词
来点写出“雨”和“尘” 顿时就把原诗所要表达的语境刻画出来
“The willows of the inn-yard will be going greener and greener”
其中把“阳关”译成了“the gates of Go”
河西走廊尽头的阳关，和它北面的玉门关相对，从汉代以 来一直是内地通向西域的交通要塞，在盛唐人心中，从军或出 使阳关，是一种令人向往的壮举，“西出阳关”也因此而成为 中国文学一个常见文化意象，被人反复咏颂，具有了丰富的文 化意义。西出阳关在中国读者心中唤起的那种联想遥远、广裹、
二、 翻译是独立于原作的创作 对庞德来说，除了“阐释性翻译”外，还有“另一种翻
译”。“有时‘译者’显然是在创作新诗”，走出旧的逻辑， 回到当代，通过译语文化的主流诗学或译者的诗学进行调试。 这样，翻译就被视作改写，译作独立于原作，在译语文化中赋 予了新的意义。
Ezra-Pound-庞德
The
Seafarer《水手》 Translation from Old English. Cathay《华夏》(1915) Translation of ancient Chinese poetry. Hugh Selwyn Maubery《休· 赛尔温· 毛伯利》(1920) deplored the Western civilization in the Great War(WWI) and its afermath.
Cantos 诗章 (1915-1945) Pound`s major work. It is the inclusion of Chinese characters as well as quotations in European languages other than English. As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance, and culture are integral不可缺少的 to its content.
In 1920, upest by WWI, Pound Moved to Paris. There he joined the group of the Lost Generation(“迷惘的一代”). In 1924, he chose to stay in Italy. When WWII broke out, Pound support the Mussolini government and against the American soldiers. In 1945, arrested by the U. S. and tried for treason, then sent to hospital after being declared insane. Secured by T. S. Eliot and Robert Frost and Hemingway, settled down in Italy for the rest of his life.
Ezra_Pound英文介绍
W. W. II, Italian government, radio broadcasts died in in 1972, in Italy
Pound’s
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (October 30, 1885 – November 1, 1972) was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry.[1] The critic Hugh Kenner said of Pound upon meeting him: "I suddenly knew that I was in the presence of the center of modernism."[2] In the early teens of the twentieth century, he opened a fruitful exchange of work and ideas between British and American writers, and was famous for the generosity with which he advanced the work of such major contemporaries as Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, H. D., Ernest Hemingway, Wyndham Lewis, and especially T. S. Eliot. Pound also had a profound influence on the Irish writers W. B. Yeats and James Joyce. His own significant contributions to poetry begin with his promotion of Imagism, a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry—stressing clarity, precision, and economy of language, and forgoing traditional rhyme and meter in order to, in Pound's words, "compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of the metronome."[3] His later work, spanning nearly fifty years, focused on his epic poem The Cantos.
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记5
History And Anthology of American Literature（5）PartⅤTwentieth-Century Literature二十世纪文学Ⅰ. Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885-19721.埃兹拉·卢米斯·庞德Ezra Loomis Pound。
他是一位非常具有个性的诗人，他能把传统与令人深刻和大胆的创新很熟练地结合起来he had a distinct poetic personality, he combined a command of the older tradition with impressive and often daring originality.他是一位多产的随笔作家，他不断地为纽约、伦敦、巴黎的小杂志撰稿，然后把这些作品汇集到一起，于是便组成了一个令人兴奋的文学大世界，他坚持无私地扶持那些刚入道，没什么影响，而他认为有前途的文学艺术家，最为重要的可能就是他给T·S·爱略特的帮助了he was a prolific essayist for the little magazines of New York, London, Paris, which then constituted a large and exciting literary world. He unselfishly and persistently championed the experimental and often unpopular artists. Most important of all, perhaps, was the advice and encouragement which he gave to T·S· Eliot.2.庞德和爱略特的作品都要求他们的读者熟悉古典作品，包括意大利和英国文艺复兴时期的作品，特别是欧洲大陆地区文学，包括法国象征主义，庞德保持了作品的艰深晦涩风格 both Pound and Eliot required of their readers a familiarity with the classics, the productions of Italian and English Renaissance,, and specialized areas of Continental literature, including the works of the French symbolists. Pound’s continued to draw fundamentally upon his formidably recondite culture.3.《向塞克斯图·普罗佩提多斯致敬》”Homage toSextus Propertius”; 《人物》（或《面具》）”Personae”or “Masks”;1920年《休·赛尔温·毛伯利》被看作是有关一战战争实质的讽刺类代表作”Hugh Selwyn Mauberley”, considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in World WarⅠ;1917年开始创作《诗集》，截止1959年总首数已达109首，有点象但丁的《神曲》，也是由三个部分组成，结构较为松散，作品中的主人公是喜剧性的人而不是神，他认为人类文明的毁灭主要是由于人类的三个时期，即上古时期、复兴时期和现代时期缺乏信用所至”The Cantos”, began in 1917, by 1959, the numbered 109 poems. The progressive series, exceeding the proposed limit of one hundred poems, are loosely connected cantos, like Dante’s“Divina Commedia”in three sections, butrepresenting a comedy human, not divine, dealingwith the wreck of civilizations by reason of theinfidelity of mankind in the three epochs-the ancientworld, the Renaissance, and the modern period.4.二战期间，庞德代表意大利政府，运用广播形式对美国军队进行强烈的谴责。
Ezra Pound
Ezra Pound: Theory of luminous detailsA brief introduction to PoundEzra Pound was born in Idaho and raised in Pennsylvania, Ezra Pound spent most of his life in Europe and became one of the 20th century’s most influential--and controversial--poets in the English language.He is one of the most influential persons in English and American literary field in the 20th century, and won the Bollingen Prize in 1949.He was engaged in many fields like poetry, criticism, visual arts, music politics and translation.He entitled the pioneer of Imagist（意象派）and V ortisist（漩涡派）, the inventor of Chinese classic poetry and the preacher of Confucianism. China is his emphasis and idea objects, he did a lot of work on studies and popularization of Chinese cultures, which are embodied in his Cathay. T.S Eliot’1928 introduction to Pound’s Selected Poem: Pound is the inventor of Chinese poetry for our time. 意象派宗旨是要求诗人以鲜明、准确、含蓄和高度凝炼的意象生动及形象地展现事物，并将诗人瞬息间的思想感情溶化在诗行中。
Ezra-Pound知识讲解
Thought transformation 思想转变
第二次世界大战时，庞德在罗马电台发表了数百 次广播讲话，抨击美国的战争行动，攻击罗斯福的作 战政策，赞扬墨索里尼，鼓吹墨索里尼的治国政策能 促成一个没有贪婪和高利贷的社会。
During World War II, the Roman Pound radio broadcast speech delivered hundreds of times, criticized the U.S. war effort, attacking Roosevelt's war policy, praised Mussolini, Mussolini's rule advocated policies can contribute to a no-greed and usury society.
The creation background 创作背景
❖ 我写了一首三十行的诗，然后销毁了，6 个月以后，我写了一首比那首短一半的诗， 一年后我写了日本和歌式的诗句。”
❖ 可以确定，这首短诗是庞德在法国的地铁 站触景而作，通过意象的叠加，诗歌最终大 大方方地落笔成简洁的14字。
Ezra Pound was America famous imagist poet. He and Eliot in the same post symbolist poetry leader. He Chinese from classical poetry, Japanese haiku of Health issued "poetry" theory, and made outstanding contributions to each other Eastern and Western poetry.
翻译名家介绍：EzraPound
艾兹拉。
庞德（Ezra Pound）
1885年出⽣于美国爱达荷州海莱市。
21岁时获宾⼣法尼亚⼤学⽂学硕⼠学位。
1909年前往伦敦，与当时在⽂坛上颇为活跃的休姆等⼈结识，庞德早期从事意象派的写作便是受这些⼈的影响。
1913年，弗。
福林特发表的意象派三点纲领，在两年后的《意象派诗选》的序⾔中，庞德⼜加了三条新原则：提倡⽤准确的⽇常语⾔，创造新的韵律以及⾃由选材。
这些主张对现代⾃由体诗的发展起了重⼤的作⽤，⽽也为庞德之后改写现代派诗作了准备。
1917年，庞德参与到温德汉。
路易斯创办的《风暴》杂志中，以表现⼒量为⽬的，宣扬应该改⾰意象派创作上的弊陋，要求那些善于写作平淡和伤感性诗歌的诗⼈⽤有⼒的、有运动感的意象和节奏来创作。
由于意见的相违，渐渐的庞德脱离出意象派。
1917年之后他开始了现代派的写作。
除此之外，庞德还是⼀个热衷于介绍中国古典诗歌和哲学的翻译家，经他改编并翻译了《神州⾏》、《诗经》等儒家经典。
代表作品：
《神州集》（1915年）
《休。
赛尔温。
莫伯利》（1920年）
《诗章》（1916-1968年）。
Ezra pound (1885-1972)
Ezra ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱound（18851972） 艾兹拉· 庞德
By
GuanXiao
Ezra Pound was identified as the father of American poetry and the most influential leader of the Imagist Movement.
‘In a Station of the Metro ’
The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.
1、在地铁车站 （辜正坤) 人丛中这些幽灵似的人脸， 潮湿的黑色树枝上的花瓣。
3、地铁站上 （余光中） 人群中，这些面孔的鬼影； 潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。
Cantos (1915)
● It contains 117 poems. ● It is about social history, cultures and languages. ● He imposes order and meaning upon a meaningless world. ● He sees Chinese history and Confucius孔子 counteract抵消 Western gloom and confusion. ● A chaotic inhuman and non-spiritual world needs saving.
Ezra Pound
• Imagism: it’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S flourished from 1909 to 1917. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell艾米•洛威尔.
The doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themselves imagists bewtween 1909-1917. Led at first by Ezra Pound, then after his defection to vorticism by Amy Lowell. Imagism is characterized by the 3 principles: 1. Direct treatment of "the thing", whether subjective or objective 2. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation 3. As regards rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome节拍器
Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德
During W.W. I, assisted young writers.
In 1924 moved to Italy and became involved in Fascist politics, broadcasting over Radio Rome against allies.
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4. Contributions of Ezra Pound
The forerunner of modern American poetry A leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement” One of the most influential American poets and critic
Ezra Pound (1885—1972)
埃兹拉·庞德
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The forerunner of
modern A精m选完e整prpit课c件an poetry
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contents
1.Life 2.Imagism 3.Works 4. Contributions
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1.Life Experience(1885-1972)
5
Later Life
• In 1945, returned to America and was arrested on charge of treason.
• In 1946, acquitted, and declared insane. • In 1958, released from St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in
Washington. • In 1972, died in Venice as a recluse.