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事业单位课程答案解析-公文常识

事业单位课程答案解析-公文常识

第四部分公文常识【考点预测】一、选择题1.下列公文文本中,无条件具有法定效用的是()。

A.试行本B.缩印本C.修订本D.副本【答案】A。

解析:试行本是规范性公文正本的一种特殊形式,即试验推行本,在规定的试验推行期间具有正式的公文的法定效用。

缩印本和修订本不具有法定效用。

副本作为正本复份,在效用方面具有法定效用,但是如果作为复制件的公文副本,不具备公文效用。

2.下列公文写作中不恰当的是()。

A.我们一定要严厉打击少数腐败分子,把反腐败进行到底B.以上意见如无不当,着即批转各有关单位认真遵照执行C.我们必须排除种种不利因素,争取在第一季度建成东方贸易商厦D.党组织应该注重发现、培养、提拔年经干部,做到后继有人【答案】A。

解析::“打击”,打击对象,为显而易见的违法事实行为,腐败则是比较隐密的行为,需调查取实证,方能实施处理。

故,措辞应为“查处”,另外,“我们一定要严厉打击少数腐败分子,把反腐败进行到底”这句话的句性是针对有明确事实对象的表态,而“腐败”作为一种普遍现象,在未查实之前只是一种可能,故,句性应该是警告性表态,因此,正确句为:我们一定要严厉惩治腐败分子,把反腐败斗争进行到底。

3.公文区别于其他信息记录的特点是()。

A.传播知识 B.具备查考价值 C.书面文字材料 D.具备法定权威性【答案】D。

解析:公文一般格式较为正式,内容比较规范,并且有行政机关赋予的特定的效能和影响力。

4.根据会议的主导思想和会议记录,对会议的重要内容、决定事项进行整理、综合、摘要、提高而形成的一种具有纪实性的公文种类为( )。

A.决定B.通告C.会议纪要D.决议【答案】C。

解析:会议纪要是用于记载、传达会议情况和议定事项的公文,对会议内容、决定事项进行整理、提高和综合、摘要的具有纪实性的公文。

5.以“决定”、“命令”、“指示”等形式制定行政规章的部门是()。

A.国务院 B.国务院各部委 C.自治区人民政府 D.直辖市人民政府【答案】B。

中国古典文献学习题与答案

中国古典文献学习题与答案

中国古典文献学习题一、名词解释题:1.本校法2.《玉海》3.《十三经注疏》4.《艺文类聚》5.十通6.监本7.简牍8.包背装9.类书10.辑佚11.经厂本12.蜀本13.《通志》14.别集15.《古今图书集成》二、问答题:1.宋刻本书有何特点?2.如何进行古书辨伪?3.我国历史上采用过的文献载体有哪些?4.蝴蝶装和包背装图书各有什么优缺点?5.荀勖《中经新簿》与刘歆《七略》相比有何优劣之处?6.如何鉴定活字印刷本书籍的版本?7.版本有何作用?8.辨伪通常采用哪些方法?9.四部分类法是怎样形成的?中国古典文献学习题答案一、名词解释题:1.本校法:就是将本书前后文字互证,比较其异同,从而断定其中的错误的校勘方法。

在没有同书别本可以对校的情况下,采用本校法是一种较好的方法。

历代校勘学家根据本书的上下文义,相同的词语,相同相近的句式,校勘出本书错误的例子很多。

2.宋王应麟编。

此书专为参加科举考试而编,元至元六年(公元1269年)刊行,全书200卷,分为天文、律历、地理、帝学、圣文、艺文、诏令、礼仪、车服、器用、郊祀、音乐、学校、选举、官制、兵制、朝贡、宫室、食货、兵捷、祥瑞等21门,门下再分类,共240多类。

书中采辑丰富,自经、史、子、集至百家传记,宋代掌故多取材于实录、国史、日历等文献。

编排也比较特殊,每类之下按隶属关系以事物或图书名称列若干小标目。

每一类、目,先有“提要”简释类、目名称或概述事实梗概,然后才汇集有关资料。

类目之间,时有“参见”。

每遇异说,还略引古籍加以考证。

有清光绪九年(公元1883年)浙江书局重刊本,江苏古籍出版社、上海书店1987年影印。

3.宋佚名编,清阮元撰校勘记,嘉庆二十年(1815年)南昌府学刊本,中华书局1982年据原世界书局缩印本影印出版。

十三经为儒家的经典著作,历代注疏本甚多,且单独成书。

南宋绍兴间始有合刊本,共416卷。

包括:《周易正义》、《尚书正义》、《毛诗正义》、《周礼注疏》、《仪礼注疏》、《礼记正义》、《春秋左传正义》、《春秋公羊传注疏》、《春秋谷梁传注疏》、《论语注疏》、《孝经注疏》、《尔雅注疏》、《孟子注疏》。

银行反假币业务考试试题

银行反假币业务考试试题

银行反假币业务考试试题一、填空:1、中华人民共和国的法定货币是,它的单位是;它的辅币单位是、。

答案:(人民币、元、角、分)2、人民币是指依法发行的货币,包括和。

答案:(中国人民银行、纸币、硬币)3、人民币简写符号为,人民币国际货币符号为。

答案:(CNY)4、中国人民银行自1948年12月1日起陆续发行了第一套人民币,共有种面额个版别,最大面额是元,最小面额是元。

答案:(12、62、50000、1)5、中国人民银行成立于1948年12月1日。

同志为第一套人民币题写了中国人民银行行名。

答案:(董必武)6、中国人民银行自1955年3月1日起陆续发行了第二套人民币,共有种面额版别,最大面额是元,最小面额是。

答案:(11、16、10元、1分)7、第二套人民币中国人民银行行名由同志书写,字体为魏碑“张黑女”碑体,后成为中国人民银行行名的通用标准字体。

答案:(马文蔚)8、3元面额的人民币仅在第套人民币中发行和使用过。

答案:(二)9、中国人民银行自1962年4月20日起陆续发行第三套人民币,共有种面额个版别,最大面额是元,最小面额是。

答案:(7、13、10元、1角)10、1962年4月20日发行的是我国设计、发行的和流通时间最长的一套人民币。

答案:(第三套人民币)11、中国人民银行自1987年4月27日起陆续发行第四套人民币,共有种面额个版别,最大面额是,最小面额是。

答案:(9、17、100元、1角)12、迄今为止,第四套人民币1元纸币共发行了3个版别,分别是版版版。

答案:(1980年、1990年、1996年)13、第四套人民币增加了元和元两种券别。

答案:(50、100)14、1999年10月1日,中国人民银行发行了第五套人民币1999年版纸币;2000年10月16日发行了第五套人民币1999年版纸币、和硬币;2001年9月1日发行了第五套人民币1999年版、纸币;2002年11月18日发行了第五套人民币1999年版纸币、硬币;2004年7月30日发行了第五套人民币1999年版纸币。

中国古典文献学习题及答案

中国古典文献学习题及答案

中国古典文献学习题及答案一、名词解释题:1.本校法:就是将本书前后文字互证,比较其异同,从而断定其中的错误的校勘方法。

在没有同书别本可以对校的情况下,采用本校法是一种较好的方法。

历代校勘学家根据本书的上下文义,相同的词语,相同相近的句式,校勘出本书错误的例子很多。

2.《玉海》:宋王应麟编。

此书专为参加科举考试而编,元至元六年(公元1269年)刊行,全书200卷,分为天文、律历、地理、帝学、圣文、艺文、诏令、礼仪、车服、器用、郊祀、音乐、学校、选举、官制、兵制、朝贡、宫室、食货、兵捷、祥瑞等21门,门下再分类,共240多类。

书中采辑丰富,自经、史、子、集至百家传记,宋代掌故多取材于实录、国史、日历等文献。

编排也比较特殊,每类之下按隶属关系以事物或图书名称列若干小标目。

每一类、目,先有“提要”简释类、目名称或概述事实梗概,然后才汇集有关资料。

类目之间,时有“参见”。

每遇异说,还略引古籍加以考证。

有清光绪九年(公元1883年)浙江书局重刊本,江苏古籍出版社、上海书店1987年影印。

3.《十三经注疏》:宋佚名编,清阮元撰校勘记,嘉庆二十年(1815年)南昌府学刊本,中华书局1982年据原世界书局缩印本影印出版。

十三经为儒家的经典著作,历代注疏本甚多,且单独成书。

南宋绍兴间始有合刊本,共416卷。

包括:《周易正义》、《尚书正义》、《毛诗正义》、《周礼注疏》、《仪礼注疏》、《礼记正义》、《春秋左传正义》、《春秋公羊传注疏》、《春秋谷梁传注疏》、《论语注疏》、《孝经注疏》、《尔雅注疏》、《孟子注疏》。

4.《艺文类聚》:唐欧阳询等奉敕编撰,是我国现存最早的一部完整的官修类书。

唐高祖武德七年(公元624年)成书。

全书100卷。

分为46部,包括天、岁时、地、州、郡、山、水、符命、帝王、后妃、储宫、人、礼、乐、职官、封爵、政治、刑法、杂文、武、军器、居处、产业、衣冠、仪饰、服饰、舟车、食物、杂器物、巧艺、方术、内典、灵异、火、药香草、宝玉、百谷、布帛、果、木、鸟、兽、鳞介、虫豸、祥瑞、灾异等。

高考文言翻译题答案商榷(之三)

高考文言翻译题答案商榷(之三)

⾼考⽂⾔翻译题答案商榷(之三)⾼考⽂⾔翻译题答案商榷(之三)宋桂奇《语⽂考试研究》2009年7期2009年18套试卷中41例译句题的“参考答案”,值得商榷的有14例之多。

兹申说如下:(1)与郡丞元宝藏深相交结,前后令长,未有不受其指麾者。

(全国卷Ⅰ)【参考答案】赵君实和郡丞元宝藏互相勾结,前前后后的县令县长,没有不受到他指挥的。

“相”即“互相”,“交结”即“勾结”,显然漏译了“深”。

由后⽂“前后令长,未有不受其指麾者”来看,⼆⼈“相交结”的时间可谓⾮常之长,因⽽,将这个“深”释作“历时久”(《汉语⼤词典》缩印本3336页,以下引⾃此书者只注页码),意译为“长时间地(相互勾结)”,⽆疑⾮常妥帖!将“前后令长”译为“前前后后的县令县长”,似有违“信”“达”原则:“前前后后”不见于《现代汉语词典》,《汉⼤》释其为:“①从前到后,从后到前。

②或前或后;先后.③指事情的全过程。

④前⾯和后⾯。

泛指各个⽅⾯。

”(793页)从字⾯上看,义项①与②之“先后”似可以与“前前后后的县令县长”产⽣联系,但实际上①⽤于表⽰空间,②则表⽰“⾏⾛”的先后;这是否意味着,译⽂中“前前后后”这⼀词语属于误⽤?其实,句中“前后”乃偏义复词,“前后令长”即“前(以前的)令长”(魏德清的诸多前任),德清之后的“令长”还不知为谁,当时⼜怎能认定他(他们)“受其指麾”呢?⼜,“令长”即“县令”——《汉⼤》释其为:“秦汉时治万户以上县者为令,不⾜万户者为长。

后因以‘令长’泛指县令。

”(475页)⽽译⽂竟将其看作两个词,释为令⼈费解的“县令县长”!若将“前后令长”译为“以前的(多任)县令”,则既切合⽂意,⼜简洁通畅,岂不更好?(2)⾃以不能⼴施,⾄使此⼈颠沛,乃于此植⽵处沟上⽴⼩桥,令⾜通⾏。

(全国卷Ⅱ)【参考答案】⾃认为不能⼴泛施舍,致使这⼈跌倒,于是在种⽵处的沟上建起⼩桥,让⼈⾜以通⾏。

“桥”即“桥梁”,《现代汉语词典》释其为:“架在⽔⾯上或空中以便⾏⼈、车辆等通⾏的构筑物。

印刷装订专业考试题及答案

印刷装订专业考试题及答案

印刷装订专业考试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 印刷机中使用的油墨主要分为哪两大类?A. 水性油墨和油性油墨B. 热敏油墨和光敏油墨C. 胶印油墨和丝网油墨D. 溶剂型油墨和UV油墨答案:D2. 以下哪项不是印刷过程中常见的颜色校正方法?A. 色彩管理B. 色标校正C. 色彩对比D. 色彩平衡答案:C3. 印刷品的装订方式中,"骑马订"是指什么?A. 将纸张折叠后用线缝制B. 将纸张折叠后用胶粘合C. 将纸张折叠后用钉子固定D. 将纸张折叠后用夹子夹住答案:A4. 印刷品的纸张克重通常是指什么?A. 纸张的厚度B. 纸张的重量C. 纸张的面积D. 纸张的密度答案:B5. 以下哪种纸张不适合用于胶版印刷?A. 铜版纸B. 胶版纸C. 牛皮纸D. 宣纸答案:D...(此处省略其他选择题)二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1. 印刷机的四大组成部分包括______、______、______和______。

答案:印前系统、印刷机、印后加工设备、控制系统2. 在印刷过程中,"四色印刷"指的是使用______、______、______和______四种基本油墨进行印刷。

答案:青色、品红、黄色、黑色3. 印刷品的装订方式之一"胶订"是指使用______将纸张粘合在一起。

答案:胶水...(此处省略其他填空题)三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 简述胶版印刷的基本原理。

答案:胶版印刷是一种平面印刷方式,其基本原理是利用油水不相溶的原理,通过印版上的图文部分吸附油墨,非图文部分排斥油墨,然后通过压力将图文部分的油墨转移到承印物上,从而完成印刷。

2. 描述印刷品装订过程中的"折页"步骤。

答案:折页是印刷品装订过程中的一个重要步骤,它指的是将印刷好的大张纸张按照一定的折线折叠成若干小页,以便于后续的装订工作。

折页的方式有多种,如单折、双折、三折等,具体选择哪种折页方式取决于最终产品的要求和设计。

高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材 综合教程(上)--最齐全的课后练习答案

大家仔细阅读以下内容,本书是通过数位同学的结晶和心血聚集而成,而非网上的翻译版,阅读版等,是最齐全的所有课后练习题版本,此书对要求寻找课后练习答案的同学没好处,因为本人通过幸苦排版,已经排成最佳“阅读”方式。

例如:完形和完形是在一起,翻译全部在一起,改错也在一起,答案都做了重点强调符号。

大家往下看就会明白。

大家需要此电子文档打印的时候,缩印50%就完全可以看清。

谢谢大家惠顾!敬请期待下册!required forcefully and without resistanceto make sth esp.an action or process easy or easierto emphasize,to focus on somethingthe act of killing sb;punishment by death( congeniality ) 2.the same or a similar nature,common interests(niche ) 3.suitable or fitting position( intellect ) 4.the ability to understand things and to thirk irbeligenbly(commitment ) 5.responsibility,a promise to do sth( temperament ) 6.a person’s nature,esp.as it influences how he she thinks,behaves or acts in general (individuality ) 7.the characters and qunalities which make sb difenent fiom all others(courteous ) 8.polite and kind;showing good manners(accentuate ) 9.emphasize,make more noticeablef \an arrangement in business2,charity c\a society that gives help to the needy3,column a\an article by a particular writer that regularly appears in the newspaper4,foundation h\an organization that provides money quickly, sometimes improperly5,raider g\a person who makes a lot of money quickly,sometimes improperly6,throwaway e\something that is designed to be used only once or for a short time7,violation b\the breaking of an agreement or law8,arraignment d\the answering of a charge before a court9,breed j\a particular type of person with special characteristics or skils10,victim i\someone who has been hurt or killed by someone or something1.2.’sale.3.4.5.by the local police station because of his criminal record.the interview,Mary told the interviewer that she would like to do something interesting but Tom said with8.could not overcome.9.country.10.the fine if you tell us who else was involved.11.12.services.13.,which is popular in the market,may be harmful to children.14.This book is worth buying for it15.corporate way of doing most things and it is much the same wether in Hong Kong or in Shanghai.2,The consultant even suggested that they use devious means to justify their actions.3,He is of American origins but he is now a naturalized Chinese subject with a Chinese name.4,The actress now lives most of the year on her country extate.5,The young woman’s greed for expensive jewelry was well known.6,He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’imprisonment for committing several crimes.7,We saw a lot of flattering pictures of Wellington in the museum.8,He is a shrewd buyer who gets good value for his money.9,Electronic art is a form of art that uses materials as moving and flashing light displays as the artistic medium.10,The policeman took away his bike because he had violated traffic regulations.spouse.2 They went into a small bar and sat at a coffee table that separated one piece of the sectional lounge from its counterpart.3 In order to have a good beginning of the conference, both sides carefully avoided some touchy subjects on politics.4 The experienced businessman counseled the company not to sign with unknown corporations.5 Sometimes, the subtle relationship among people makes our life complicated.6 A person who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness is defined as therapist.7 The director told the enthusiastic youngsters in the hall that he only needed three prospective candidates for the new play.8 The problem of some kindergarten teachers is that they only pay attention to those adorable kids while they ignore the others.9 Her capabilities were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.10 She likes her new job very much because she could have three days to gallivant around business streets of the townIt is a place where people should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization should be available to all.2 The culture argument for preserving wildlife, that is part of our natural heritage, argues itself, except to those who are blind to cultural values.3 With keen insight, convincing facts and a global angle, Epstein vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.4 The vegetarian restaurant makes its dishes resemble meat in every way except ingredients.5 People’s appearance makes the difference in how others judge him.6 My university, founded about a century ago, has gained a nationwide reputation for academic excellence.7 It is the accumulated knowledge of centuries which differentiates modern humans from their ancestors in the dawn of civilization.8 I have been ashamed of my refusal to help the desperate man, which might have been the final cause of his death.9 With the development of our national economy, more and more people believe in the market economy.10 They are convinced that they incorporate foreign business model so as to be more competitive in the business world.appreciation for all your hard workwed like to give you a bonus and a promotion.(para.3)2 The governing body,as currently_ constituted includes three staff members(para.3)3 He is quite different at parties-witty,outgoing he really_ sparkles __,but his sister is shy and quite.(para.9)4 His life was carefully compartmentalized ,with his work in one tity and his social life in another.(para.10)5 Lloyd has carved a_niche __for himself as a proifessional terries p;ayer.(para.10)6 As the feeling of panic_ heightened ,peop;e started to fee towartis the exits.(para.12)7 Both ides have reached an agreementthat is _ binding __on all parties.(para.12)8 He was a famous joumalist who wrote articles elegartly and_ articulately.(para.13)9 Bill disliked the man immediately,and the feeling was_ mutual __.(para.13)10 The differences between the two parties seemed especially_ irreconcilable,so it was difficult for them to reach an agreement.(para.14)g.collect 2affuent----o.wealthy 3reversal----a.oppsite4.reversal----b .respond5.disparity----c. difference6.counsel----f.advise7.subtle----k.delicate 8.therapy----l.treatment 9.prospective---d.would-be10.adore----e.idolize 11.bliss----j.happiness 12.loathe----n .hate13.macho ----h.masculinity 14sneer----I. ridicule 15touchy----m.offensiveof humor.pulsoryof their parents.3.leaseA.Many new and tall buildings have big posters on their front windows saying―For Sale‖but the real estate prospects are still quite bleak..A.Because he was driving his car at a speed of over 180 miles an hourroad.the world may make people aware how serious airin the last century have again become a fashion now.of China.6.deficiencya diet in vitamin D.C.The demerits of the present educational system are revealed by colledgeexperience.7.extractA.There is no need to read the whole novel.Sometimes people may benefit a lot from reading just a few extracts.Germany to join the air force officers in the search for answers to the mysterythatB.9.spareprospered at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.(C) succeeded2.Having taken the medicine, he went to bed and soon feel into a profound sleep. (D) D. sound3.If l’ve hurt your feelings, it was not intended. (B) B. planned.4.How can you justify your rude behaviour towards your parents who love you so much? (A) A. defend asblameless5.He withheld the money until he was sure they would use it properly. (C) C. kept6.The witness gave a factual account of what had happened in the court. (C) C. true7.She had a pathetic look on her face because he left without saying good-bye to her. (D) D. sorrowful8.Even in modern society, barter(物物交换) transactions account for a certain amount of trade. (D) D. dealings9.They omitted from the report any mention of the programme’s difficulties. (D) D. canceled10.The young generation holds different views about family values and they show great disrespect to their parents. (B)B. rudenessaccessible to every kind of citizen form the most deperate of the poor to the wealthiest and most powerful among us.A agreeable C influential D managealedecline of scores on scholastic achievement tests for the rise in crime and for theA rejection D Shrinkagefoestering conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth. AB meaningfulC capableD creativeinnvative. DA generativeB meaningfulC capablebecause they allow for the development of skills and simplifyD efficiency of a machineupheavalA depression Bcollapseprestige. AB significanceC distinctionD eminenceresent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. AB declineC rejectD avoid:the Universe is a Universe of law, and God is not confusing us with deliberte paradoxes. DA complicationsB commissionsC confrontationsthem when they came and registered inC protectedD usheredA.emitted C.smiledB.shone D.shotA 2 Joyce is loved by all her friends because she is very congenial.A.pleasant C.courageousB.wealthy D.sensitiveD 3 We dressed in casual clothes for the outing.A.expensive C.fineB.plain rmalB 4 When two people feel the same way about each other,their feelings are mutual.patible C.visibleB.reciprocal D.typicalA 5 We’ve made tentative plans for a holiday but haven’t decided anything yet.A.temporary C.purposelyB.detailed D.refreshingC 6 Our sales campaign will be intensified to meet the keen competition.A.moderated C.strengthenedB.satisfied anizedC 7 We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.A.exepect C.enjoyB.loathe D.sunspendB 8 Without a moment’s hesitation he accepted the mission.A.offer C.promotionB.assignment D.invitationD 9 The result surpassed the highest anticipations of the promoters of the scheme.A.eagemess C.excitementsB.hesitations D.expectationsB 10 It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the large one.A.urgent C.importantB.unavoidable D.necessary1.The first English immigrants that is (A) now the United States crossed (B) the Atlantic long after (C)Spanish colonieshad been established(D) in Mexico, the West Indies and south America. (A) what is2.We’d rather have long waits than (A) no shifting of the scenes, and (B) all the actors on (C) the stage doing (D) nothing.(A) than have3.The teacher said that if (A) we believed something was (B) true and good we should (C) hold on to them (D). (D)it4.The text and dialogues below (A) focus on (B) cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which (C)can create misunderstanding if ignoring (D). (D) ignored5.When sailors are not supposed (A) to be at (B)work on the ship, they go to (C)ashore and look around (D) town.(C) go6.Abraham Lincoln once spoke of (A)democracy by (B)saying that (C)he would not be a slave and nor he would be (D)a master. (D) would he be7.I didn’t mind their coming (A)late to (B) the lecture, but objected (C) their making so much (D) noise. (C)objected to8.It’s true that the old road is less direct and a bit (A)longer; we won’t (B) take the new one, therefore (C), because wedon’t feel as safe (D) on it. (C) though9.Don’t make the examiner spend (A) too much (B) time trying (C)to get you say something (D). (D) to saysomething10.On (A)seeing the young girl falling (B) into the lake, Eric sprang on his feet (C) and went to (D)her rescue. (C)to his feetcan predict that(A) the consequences of urban growth on(B) such a scale will be (C) for (D) the people living there or elsewhereAthat改为what2 Human beings are paying a lot for medicine and are not getting all that (A) they think they are (B) paying(C) a guarantee to (D) endless bettermentC playing后面加上for3 Despite (A) his low opinion of(B) professors –or perhaps in (C) an effort to improve the breed –Smith himself eventually became it(D)D it改为one4 With(A)the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B)spend a life tme for(D)the advancement of scinece to the best(D) of one’s abillityA with改为By5 Any culture ,which,in the interests (A) of efficiency or in the name of (B)some political or religious dogma,that seek (C) to standardize the human individual ,commits an outrage against (D) man’s biological natureC that seek改为seeks6 The stroke left(A) him with serious difficulties (B) in speaking and with an impairing (C) memory for(D)C impairing改为impaired7 As for (A) the last point ,it is perhaps not generally realized how dfficult is it (B) to make verbally (C) accurate translations(D) of extremely techinical materialB it is 改为is it8 This has caused(A) them to deduce that scineces is mathematics(B) and hardly nothing(C) else(D)C nothing改为anything9 It is (A) no doubt that (B) China has benefited from(C) her population policy (D)A it is改为There is10 The university ,faced with tightening (A) budgets and declining enrollments ,is (B) casting about(C) for new ways to support and enlarge their(D) research activitiesD their改为itsstudy of oceanic plants and animals and their ecological relations, has furthered the efficient development of fishers.2, In spite of his aged appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man’s.3 Since I loved her very much when she was alive, I prize my mother-in-law’s picture and I wouldn’t sell it for all the money in the world.4 Human beings are social animals who usually prefer not to live in physical or psychological isolation.5 People who lose weight with the help of behavioral techniques, like weighing themselves regularly and keeping records of what they eat, seem to need the same techniques to keep the weight off.6 The current anti-procreative atmosphere may be interpreted as a triumph of private over social interests or, more, a triumph of rational man over natural man of the facilities of planning, reason, and choice over emotion, heredity, and instinct.7 They cannot go camping right now because they are taking care of a three-week-old baby.8 The field of dynamics in physics is concerned with a particle’s motion in relation to the forces acting on it.9 The suggestion that taxes be cut was not accepted by the mayor who foresaw a deficit that was not yet public known.I think I would have enjoyed the movie we went to last night even more if I had read the book before seeing it.that(D)knowledge or skill. C. how little it might be2 Every paper and magazine were(A)lying in wait(B)with(C)exhaustive stones about the royal split(D)between the prince and princess of Wales. A. was3 In debating,one musr correct the opponents’s facts,demy the relevance of his proof,or(A)deny that(B)what(C)he presents as proof,unless(D)relevant,is sunfficent. D. however4 The reason why james Bond movies are(A)so popular is(B)because(C)they combine the appeal of traditional spy(D)stories with the appeal of technological devices. C. that5 So(A)effective these techniqunes are(B)that(C)considerable experimentation is now being done(D)in teaching by means od television. B. are these techniques6 A knowledge of several languages is essential to(A)the study of comparative literature because without(B)them(C)one can read books only in(D)translation C. it7 This time Williams had to(A)stay a week longer than is expected(B)but had brought(C)his family some special gifts to make up for it(D). B. expected8 A Brazilian linguistics professor claims(A)that language learners’rights(B)are ignored in language teaching,and that(C)no approach can be truly“hunmanistic”when(D)these rights are recognized. D. until9 It is our deckine since then(A)in relation to our Europenan partners that has been so marked,in order that(B)today we are not only no longer(C)a world power,but we are not in the first rank even as(D) a European one. B. so that10 Aside with(A)overcrowding and poor public transport(B),the biggest(C)problems that(D)face Athenians are noise and pollution.. A. Aside fromuntil they can afford it financially.2 I would advise you not to press the matter too hard or become convinced that money does not matter.3 In these days, with the rising cost of living, it is dangerous for a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community.4 He argues that he would not want his children to have to suffer hardship or not be socially acceptable because of lack of money.5 By the time people reach the sixties and are faced with(删除)retirement, the value of money as a source of security might reach its peak.6 Accordingly, this may be chief reason why some people wish to get rich as the actual goods or possessions play a secondary part to the(删除)envy or admiration that this wealth brings them.7 When a person lives on inherited income, whether it supplements what he earns, or frees him from working, he in judged as coming from a successful family.8 Man requires accurate mathematical information but may find it difficult to express numbers in a way he can understand.9 The trouble is that with everything becoming qualified, from micro up to macro, the world is becoming overburdened with numbers that defy man’s own ability to comprehend, even when they are about his own body.10 In Latin America, for example, studies indicate that women, who have completed primary school average, have about two children fewer than those who have not.make alternative arrangements to get to the airport.2.No one in this department has ever accused the governor of taking advantage of his position ;he is hard-working and considerate.3.The pet dog died when it was fifteen,not of old age,but of a head injury when it fell down a flight of stairs.4.Casualties are said to be very high and in some villages,where older and less substantial buildings predominate,it is said that not a house remains standing.5.It was an accepted custom in western countries for men to open the door for women and always to let ladies go first on social occasions.6.Early industrial people used three times as much energy as their agricultural ancestors;modern people are using three times as much as their industrial ancestors.7.Geothermal sources, though in a sense free ,in order to be maintained, would end up using more energy than they produced.8.Ever since the invenetion of the tow-day weekend,where-to-go-for-the-holiday has been live topic for people in this city.9.When we speak of leisure nowadays,we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something;time weighs less heavily on our hands.and the problem is how to fill it.10.There is absolutely no reason for saying that there are no regularities in Nature with which our statements of natural law correspond.known the snowstorm would be(B) so treacherous,the hikers did not venture (C)into it(D)without proper equipment.C. would not have ventured2.His mood has swung (A) from a deep depression (B)to something(C) approaching(D)optimism.B. deep depression3.People seem to (A)respond on (B) an individual basis depended upon (C) how much hassle (D) each life eventcreates for a particular person.C. depending upon4.These are some of the key issues (A)about bringing up and educating(B)girls discussing (C)in ProfessorSimps on’s talks and confidence-building(D)workshop for women.C. discussed5.On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C)in Professor Simpson’s talks andconfidence-building(D) workshop for women.B. were6.Were it (A) not for the developments in steel production ,the railroad system had not developed (B) to open up (C)the west of the United States and to industrialize (D) England.B. would not have developed7.He had turned down (A) something he wanted to do because he was scared (B), and had ended up (C) f eelingdepressive(D).D. feeling depressed8.If (A) the highly honored Duke Ellington, who had appeared on (B) the bandstand some 1,000 times over 30 years,has anxiety attacks (C) who was l to think (D) l could avoid them?C. had anxiety attacks9.Brush strokes are not only (A) used for (B) making contour and structure, they are symbols of (C) sentiments andemotions of the painter for himself(D).D. himself10.Economists have tried to discourage(A)the use of the phrase ―undeveloped nation‖ and encouraging (B) themore (C)accurate phrase ―developing nation‖ in order to suggest an on-going (D) process.B. to encourageas happy families value pleasures that involve personal effort, so they value possessions that have personal meaning, like Grandma’s wedding ring.2:If so pervasive a medium has come into our society in the last four decades, and if our society has changed in drastic ways in that same time, why not assume that TV is the reason why American life looks so different?3:Consider the frequently heard charge that the increase in television violence is somehow responsible for the surge in crime.4:American fire departments have to be the world’s best –equipped as America has twice Japan’s population, and 40 times as many fires.5:To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instructions that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school.6:Vincent Van Gogh killed himself when he was only 37, but he left behind him more than 2,000 paintings and drawings, which established his reputation in a way he would have never considered possible.7:The chairman of the department, together with some other teachers, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.8:A great book (in删除) rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading to(加of)which you are capable.9:Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility and decomposes animal remains.10:If only I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture.The identical twins have adjoining rooms because they are inseparable from each other.2.His friends slapped him on the back when he said he was getting married.3.He took her by the shoulders,but she took an alarmingly long time to open her eyes.4.She suffered burnout after doing her last exam.5.She’s an excellent student-bright,attentive and conscientious.6.All the survivors of the disaster needed counseling,and the worst affected received psychotherapy.7.About 100 years ago,two American researchers theorized that tooth decay was caused by a microbe.8.His behavior is that of a manic depressive.9.She sang an emotional song about love and death.10.Life was pure misery last month;the children were ill and l had little money.s wife did not really stick by him when business fell apart and he became penniless.2,After his graduation from Shanghai Conservatory of Music,he went to Guangzhou to try his luck at a musical career. 3,These were creatures thriwn up,so to speak,from the depths.4,It’s unlikely that the forthcoming talks will amount to very much.5,If you don’t know what you want,you might end up getting something you don’t want.6,I asked him how he was and how his project was working out.7,The strange noise turned out to be just the dog scratching at the door.8,He left his hometown to seek his fortune in big cities when he was only fifteen in spite of his parents’objection.9,Buying a stretch limousine costs big bucks and only a few people can afford one10,Not many people could have their income increased beyond their dreams.1 In order to prevent corruption, the top leaders of government are required to announce their income in public.2 Some educators think that laying too much emphasis on classroom discipline is holding back the students’ enthusiasm in study.3 With the encouragement of their teacher, most students now take comfort in speaking English with each other in class.4 People are expecting to have a robot servant at home, that is, the orders are programmed in computers and then everything will be done by it.5 We had planned a picnic for the weekend but it rained all day, so we decided to make up for it on the coming weekend.6 The projector will not work unless it is connected with that machine.7 Aside from taking twenty credits for the compulsory courses, you have to take at least twelve credits of elective courses to earn a degree.8 She is quite comfortable with her new job because she loves to talk with people.the Silent Generation?7 They training as a way to learn a new skill or behaviour that makes them more marketableThere are women with1. whom, if our paths weren’s 2. crossing all the time,we’d have no particular reason to be friends: a next-door3. neighbor, a woman in our car pool, the4. mother of one of our children’s closest friends or 5. maybe some mommy with whom we serve juice and cookies each week at the Glenwood Co-op Nursery.Convenience friends are convenient 6. indeed. They’ll lend us their cups and silverware 7. for a party.They’ll drive our kids to soccer 8. when we’re sick.They’ll take us to pick up our car when we need a 9. lift to the garage. They’ll even take our cats when we go on vacation, 10. as we will for them.But we don’t , with convenience friends, ever11. come too close or tell too much;we maintain our 12. public face and emotional distance. ―13. which means,‖says Elaine, ―that I’ll talk about14. being overweight but not about being 15. depressed.That means I’ll admit being mad but not 16. blind with rage. That means that I might say that we’re pitched this month but 17. never that I’m worried sick 18. over money.‖But that doesn’t mean that there isn’t19. sufficient value to be found in these friendships of 20. mutual aid, in convenienceViewers in Shanghai now have more than ten channels at their disposal.2.The British Army was in the throes of reorganization after War ll.3.We went to a restaurant that specializes in ltalian food during our stay in London.4.Chronic in digestion comes in a number of forms,one of which is stomachache.5.She had a talent for music and played the piano very well.6.These community services are likely to be available to all of us before long.7.Having the car stolen completely screwed up our holiday plans.8.Climate is especially important in the case of articles that are readily affected by moisture.9.She was absent today because she’s had a touch of hay fever.10.When we visited the Tower of London we had to wait outside because only a certain number of people were allowed inPsychiatnic treatment of the family__ centered on ___separating the children from their parents.2When my parents went back to ___their childhood,they began to discuss or consider some events that had happened at that time.3He__ drew on ___his experience as a joumalist to make a documentary programme.4Taking into account ____all the circumstances,he thought it wise not to say anything further.5The other members of the Council were expected to fall into step ___with the chairperson.6When at last she lost her voice,he__ took up ___the reading aloud of the story.7He got really jealous when his girlfriend___ strikes up __a fniendship with another young man.8The film__ is based on ___a short story by Thomas Mann.9Do you know when Parliament first__ came into being ___?10She has__ served on ___the committee for the last fifteen years.11“Sorry,l got interrupted”.。

(完整word版)缩句练习及答案

缩句练习及答案六年级1、受惊吓的刺猬在镇外的葡萄园里像个刺球紧紧地缩成一团2、渔夫的妻子桑娜坐在火炉旁补一张破帆。

3、巨大的条石和城砖筑成了高大坚固的万里长城。

4、这样气魄雄伟的工程是一个伟大的奇迹。

5、雪白的小兔在田野里飞快地跑来跑去。

6、白发苍苍的老人第一次见到高大雄伟的天安门。

7、年轻的妈妈脸上渐渐露出笑容。

8、白家庄小学的学生在操场上用力地做广播体操。

9、海边的沙地上都种着一望无际的碧绿的西瓜。

10、许多大大小小的鸟在这棵树上做窝。

11、小螃蟹悠闲自得地挥舞着两只小钳子。

12、小鸟在那愈发繁茂的绿蔓里边发出一种尖细又娇嫩的鸣叫。

13、大片大片的雪花从彤云密布的天空中纷纷扬扬的飘落下来14、一群群光着脊梁、赤着脚的民工,向灌了水的销烟池里撒下盐巴。

15、五彩缤纷的气球迅速飘向瓦蓝瓦蓝的天空16、这是一条完全由我国的工程技术人员设计施工的铁路干线。

17、微风吹拂着千万条才展开带黄色的嫩叶的柳丝。

18、孙平用自己的脚挡住了对方踢来的球19、脚落在千年万年积累的几尺厚的松针上。

20、其实雄伟的万里长城更是我们伟大祖国的象征。

标准答案1、刺猬缩成一团。

2、桑娜补帆。

3、条石和城砖筑成了长城。

4、工程是奇迹。

5、小兔跑来跑去。

6、老人见到天安门。

7、脸上露出笑容。

8、学生做广播体操。

9、沙地上种着西瓜。

10、鸟做窝。

11、小螃蟹挥舞着钳子。

12、小鸟发出鸣叫。

13、雪花飘落。

14、民工撒下盐巴。

15、气球飘向天空16、这是铁路干线。

17、微风吹拂着柳丝。

18、孙平挡住了球。

19、脚落在松针上。

20、万里长城是象征。

【模拟试题】(答题时间:20分钟)一、下列句子的缩句各有两种,请你选择正确的一句,在()中划“√”。

1. 英勇的红军粉碎了敌人几次的进攻。

(1)红军粉碎了几次进攻。

()(2)红军粉碎了进攻。

()2. 我的妹妹高兴地穿上了漂亮的新衣服。

(1)妹妹穿上了衣服。

()(2)我穿上了衣服。

()3. 银色的飞机在天空中飞翔。

2022年出版专业资格初级基础综合试题及答案组卷29

2022年出版专业资格初级基础综合试题及答案组卷1、[多选题]著作权中的财产权包括()等权利。

A.署名权B.复制权C.改编权D.信息网络传播权。

E,保护作品完整权【答案】BCD2、[题干]在出版工作中,工作是()等。

A.贯彻出版方针的关键B.制订和实现出版计划的核心C.提高出版物质量的主要保证D.宣传发行工作的中心。

E,提高出版效益的基础【答案】ABCE3、[单选题]报纸、期刊与图书相区别的特点是()。

A.连续出版B.以纸张为载体C.由一位作者的多篇作品组成D.内容图文并茂【答案】A4、[单选题]《出版管理条例》和《印刷业管理条例》未涉及的印制制度是()。

A.准印制度B.备案制度C.ISO9000质量标准体系认证制度D.样本备查制度【答案】C5、[题干]关于出版专业初级职业资格证书的作用,下列表述中不正确的是()。

A.表明持证人已具备出版专业相应岗位的初级职业资格B.表明持证人已具备担任初级出版专业职务的水平和能力C.作为持证人从事出版专业岗位工作的上岗证D.保证持证人被聘任初级专业技术职务【答案】D6、[题干]把编辑学作为一门独立的学科来研究,是从()开始的。

A.日本B.中国C.美国D.法国【答案】B【解析】本题考查编辑学的学科建设。

7、[多选题]下列定义,从内涵角度界定的有()。

A.“百花齐放、百家争鸣”,是中国发展文化和科学事业的方针B.“北朝辞赋”,指北魏、北齐、北周三代的辞赋C.“赋”,中国古代铺陈景物、抒情言志、不歌而诵的一种文体D.“太极拳”,以《周易》太极阴阳之理为拳理的一种拳术。

E,“射电星”,有连续谱射电的恒星或恒星状天体【答案】CDE8、[单选题]下列关于数字出版产业的说法中,错误的是()。

A.数字出版产业是出版企业或组织所开展的数字出版活动的集合B.数字出版产业包括传统出版业的数字化部分C.数字出版产业不包括数字游戏D.数字出版产业外延包括电子书出版产业、数字期刊出版产业、数字报纸出版产业等【答案】C9、[题干]著作权又称()。

读书终是读自己阅读理解答案2022

读书终是读自己阅读理解答案2022真正的阅读是一种愉悦的体验,你会在书中发现令你百思不得其解的困惑,你会有突然顿悟的感觉,究其根本,读书终是在细节中读自己。

下面是本店铺带来的读书终是读自己阅读理解答案2022,希望大家喜欢。

读书终是读自己①大大小小的书店里都摆放着“名著缩印本”,据说是为中小学生量身定制的。

它只保留故事框架和主题,大量细节、对话和心理描写被删除。

②要知道,一本名著之所以伟大,从来不只是因为它的主题,更在于围绕这个主题,它有太多“人人心中有,个个笔下无”的动人细节。

比如,傅雷在翻译《约翰克里斯朵夫》的时候,已经把主题“英雄不是没有脆弱的时候,只不过不被脆弱征服罢了”写在了五卷本的扉页上。

人们还是热衷于读这部名著。

又比如《水浒传》能位列中国古典四大名著之一,不只因为它表现了“官逼民反”的主题,更因为它塑造了一个个鲜活的人物形象。

所以说,品读细节才能感受名著的魅力。

③这样看来,那些所谓的“浓缩版名著”,是对读者的欺骗。

拿掉了最优美的文字和最值得回味的细节,只保留一个主题,孩子们就没有机会读到原汁原味的作品。

这还不是最糟糕的,更不幸的是当他们以后有机会和真正伟大的原著相遇时,却不再看了,因为他们认为自己看过了,而且可能不太喜欢。

④其实,阅读就像一段旅程,随着年龄的增长,亲近文字慢慢会成为你的一种不可或缺的习惯。

品读细节才能和书中人物的心灵产生共鸣,映照真实的自己。

这样,你永远不会孤单,永远倍感踏实。

⑤每一本书中都蕴藏着你所期待的自己。

读《战国策》,当唐雎拔剑而起的时候,你可以读到英勇无畏的自己;读《老人与海》,当老人紧紧拽住大鱼不放手的时候,你读到永不言弃的自己;读《草房子》,当杜小康在暴风雨中寻找鸭子的时候,你和他共同变得坚强……⑥当你读书时,你会发现焦虑的心平息下来了。

你会发现你百思不得其解的困惑,千百年来被无数的人思考过,并且提供了各种各样的答案,突然有种豁然开朗的感觉。

真正使阅读成为一种深刻而愉悦体验的,是你从中找到了自己,塑造了自己。

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马克思基本原理概论(2008年修订版)+课后习题答案 绪论 1、(教材P20略)结合我们的学习谈谈马克思主义产生的历史必然性及在当代的适用性? 答:一、历史必然性: 1、工业革命和世界市场的形成,促进资本主义经济高速发展并产生生产过剩的危机,暴露了资本主义社会生产社会化同生产资料私人占有之间这一不可克服的矛盾,预示着未来社会革命的性质和历史发展的方向,为马克思主义的产生提供了经济、社会历史条件。 2、无产阶级反对资产阶级的斗争日趋激 化,对科学理论的指导提出了强烈需求,这就成为马克思主义产生的阶级基础和实践基础。 3、十九世纪自然科学一系列重大成就、特别是细胞学说、生物进化论和能量守恒与转化定律对自然规律的揭示及对新的世界观的需要,为马克思主义的创立提供了科学基础。 二、当代适用性: 1、马克思主义理论作为一种具有开放性和创新性的理论体系,是一个一脉相承而又与时俱进的历史进程。马克思主义基本原理与具体实际的结合,使马克思主义始终站在人类智慧的高峰,成为时代的旗帜, 指引人们在实践中不断开辟认识真理的道路。 2、马克思主义的科学世界观与方法论,致力于实现以劳动人民为主体的最广大人民的根本利益的政治立场,坚持一切从实际出发、理论联系实际、实事求是、与时俱进的理论品质,实现物质财富极大丰富、人民精神境界极大提高、每个人自由而全面发展的共产主义的崇高理想,至 今仍是指导全世界无产阶级和进步人民努力奋斗的武器强大思想。 3、马克思主义关于解决资本主义社会的矛盾、全球化问题、国际市场、经济周期和经济决定上层建筑等许多具有前瞻性的论述,不断地为现实社会所证实,并继续影响着当代许多社会科学家,对当今的社会革命与社会改革仍然具有巨大的现实指导意义和深远的 历史影响。 2、如何理解马克思主义是科学性与革命性的统一? 答: 首先,辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义是马克思主义最根本的世界观和方法论。 其次,马克思主义政党的一切理论和奋斗都应致力于实现以劳动人民为主体的最广大人民的根本利益,这是马克思主义最鲜明的政治立场。 再次,,坚持一切从实际出发,理论联系实际,实事求是,在实践中检验真理和发展真理,是马克思主义最重要的理论品质。 最后,共产主义社会是人类有史以来最美好、最进步的社会。实现物质财富极大丰富、人民精神境界极大提高、每个人自由而全面发展的共产主义社会,这是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想。 3、结合上述材料,谈谈我们对待马克思主义应有的科学态度,怎样才能把坚持和发展马克思主义统一起来。 答 : 坚持一切从实际出发,理论联系实际,实事求是,在实践中检验真理和发展真理,是马克思主义最重要的理论品质。这种与时俱进的理论品质,是150多年来马克思主义始终保持蓬勃生命力的关键所在。 首先,这种品质是马克思主义理论本质的反映。马克思主义理论的本质属性,在于它的彻底的科学性、坚定的革命性和自觉的实践性,而彻底的科学性是最根本的。彻底的科学性是与理论的与时俱进紧密联系在一起的。在一定 其次,这种品质是人类认识发展规律的具体体现。坚持一切从实际出发,实事求是,在实践中检验和发展真理,这是人类认识发展规律的基本要求。从这个意义上讲,与时俱进就要把握规律性。马克思主义经典作家从不认为他们的理论是一成不变的,而总是要求根据实践的发展和时代的变化丰富发展他们的学说。马克思主义理论诞生后,马克思恩格斯一直都是着眼实际,着眼历史条件的变化,以实事求是的科学态度对待自己创立的理论。 最后,这种品质是理论创新的内在要求。创新就要不断解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进。实践没有止境,认识和创新也没有止境。我们要突破前人,后人也必然会突破我们。马克思主义的发展,也是一个不断总结实践的新经验,借鉴当代人类文明的有益成果,在理论上不断扩展新视野,作出新概括的过程。 第一章 1、如何理解马克思主义物质观及其现代意义? 答: 一、如何理解物质观:1、马克思主义认为,物质是标志着客观实在的哲学范畴,它的唯一特性是客观实在性。它不依赖于人的感觉而存在,通过人的感觉为人 所感知、复写、摄影和反映。 2、物质是世界唯一的本源,物质第一性,意识第二性,意识是物质的产物,是物质世界的主观映象。 3、物质世界是联系的,发展 的,发展的根本原因在于事物的内部矛盾。 4、时间与空间是物质运动的存在形式。 5、不仅自然界是物质的,人类社会也具有物质性,世界的真正统一性在于它的物质性。 二、马克思主义物质观至今都具有丰富而深刻的理论指导意义。它坚持了物质的客观实在性原则和唯物主义一元论,同唯心主义一元论和二元论划清了界限;坚持了能动的反映论和可知论,有力地批判了不可知论;体现了唯物论和辩证法的统一、唯物主义自然观与唯物主义历史观的统一,为彻底的唯物主义奠定了理 论基础。世界的物质统一性是马克思主义哲学的基石。我们通过实践改造客观物质世界,就要充分认识是物质是世界的本原,人的实践活动依赖于客观物质世界,而客观世界的规律性更制约着人的实践活动。就要在马克思主义物质观指导下,正确认识和利用客观实际的发展规律,一切从实际出发,更好地认识和改造客观物质世 界,以取得社会主义实践和各项事业的胜利。(教材P26-27、P29) 2全部社会生活在本质上是实践的。 答:这一观点是正确的。从实践出发去理解社会生活的本质,是马克思主义世界观的重要组成部分。 在马克思主义看来,全部社会生活在本质上是实践的:首先,构成社会的人是从事实践活动的人,推动社会运动的力量是千百万人的社会实践活动;其次,社会生活的全部内容就是不断进行的社会实践;再次,实践既是人的自觉能动性的表现,也是人的自觉能动性的根源,是人的生命表现和本质特性。因此,“全部社会生活在本质上是实践的”。 3、国际经验表明,当一个国家和地区人均GDP进入1000美元到3000美元的时期,既是黄金发展期,又是矛盾突显期,处理得好,就能顺利发展,处理不好,将对经济社会产生不利影响。我国已进入这一时期,请用唯物辩证法的观点对这一问题加以分析。(见下题) 4、《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》中提出:“发展必须是科学的发展,要坚持以人为本,转变发展观念,创新发展模式,提高发展质量,落实„五个统筹‟,把经济社会切实转入全面协调可持续发展的轨道。”请谈谈你对这段话的理解。 答:一、对立统一规律是任何事物发展的根本规律。在我国社会主义社会初级阶段,存在着两对社会矛盾,一是社会的基本矛盾,即生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑之间的矛盾;二是社会的主要矛盾,即人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。这些矛盾解决得好,就能促进经济社会的良性发 展;解决得不好,就会极大地影响经济社会的发展。建设社会主义,必须努力克服生产关系中不适合生产力发展的部分,上层建筑中不适合社会主义经济基础的部分,大力发展生产力,不断加大经济社会发展的步伐,以最大限度地满足广大人民群众的物质文化需要。 二、人均GDP进入1000-3000美元时期,一方面 生产力和人民群众的物质文化生活水平普遍有了较大提高,这自然有利于激发广大人民群众的生产积极性,有利于经济社会的向前发展,所以是社会主义事业的黄金发展期。另一方面由于历史原因与现实的差异,所有制形式与分配方式的差异等,各地区各民族经济文化发展相对处于不平衡状态,各经济实体中人民群众的收入水 平也出现了逐渐拉大差距的趋势,甚至引发局部贫富不均的现象。这必然要影响一部分人的生产积极性,成为各类社会矛盾的突显期,从而对生产力和社会经济发展产生不良影响。三、鉴于我国经济社会发展已经进入人均GDP1000美元到3000美元的时期,我们要以马克思主义社会基本矛盾与主要矛盾的基本原理为指导,高度关注经济社会发展中可能出现的各种情况,转变发展观念,坚持以人为本,不断创新发展模式,在发展生产的基础上,调整经济、社会政策,兼顾社会公平 公正,缩小贫富差距,关注社会弱势群体,正确地处理各类社会矛盾,调动一切积极因素,搞中国特色的社会主义。我们就能不断提高发展质量,将我国的经济社会转入全面协调可持续发展的轨道。 5、试论矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的原理及其对建设有中国特色社会主义的重要意义。 答:矛盾的普遍性是指事事有矛盾、时时有矛盾,矛盾的特殊性是指各种事物的矛盾都各有其特点或个性。矛盾的普遍性与特殊性的关系,是共性与个性、绝对与相对的关系,是关于事物矛盾问题的精髓。具体说它们之间的关系包括:①两者是相互联系的,共性寓于个性之中,个性是共性的表现;②两者是相互区别的,共性只是概括了个性中的共同本质,而不是包括个性的全部内容;③两者在一定条件下 矛盾普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理,对建设有中国特色社会主义具有重要的现实指导意义。我国的社会主义建设,要以马列主义普遍真理为指导,坚持社会主义道路和方向;同时又要从我国特殊的国情出发,去探索有自己特色的建设和发展道路。在这里,社会主义是普遍性、共性,中国特色是特殊性、个性,建设有中国特色社会主义,就是要把个性与共性有机地结合起来,走自己的路。 6、为什么说唯物辩证法是认识世界和改造世界的根本方法? 答:唯物辩证法是认识世界和改造世界的根本方法,体现在以下几点: 第一,唯物辩证法是对整个物质世界的本质属性的高度概括,它要解决的问题是世界怎么样; 第二,唯物辩证法认为,万事万无都处于普遍联系和永恒发展中,联系具有客观性,普遍 第三,唯物辩证法认为整个世界是一个矛盾是世界,万事万物都包含着矛盾,不包含着矛盾的事物是不存在的,认识矛盾就是发现问题,解决矛盾就是处理问题。要求我们在学习和生活中要敢于承认矛盾,发现矛盾和处理矛盾。这样,才能推动事物的发展; 第四,唯物辩证法认为,整个世界总体上都是有低级向高级不断的发展,它的发展是由量的不断积累,超出度的范围,达到质的飞跃。这要求我们在学习和生和中要重视量的积累,以便突破质的飞跃 第五,唯物辩证法是认识世界和改造世界的根本方法,我们在认识问题和处理问题时,要以唯物辩证法作思想导。 7如何把握主观能动性和客观规律的辨证关系 答:一、概念 客观规律是指事物运动过程中本身所固有的本质的联系和必然的趋势。主观能动性是指人们能动地认识世界和能动地改造世界的实践能力和作用。

二、辩证关系 1、尊重客观规律是发挥主观能动性的前提和基础,只有尊重客观规律,才能更好地发挥人的主观能动性。人们对客观规律认识愈深刻、全面,主观能动性愈充分地发挥。如果违背客观规律,就会受到它的惩罚。

2、发挥人的主观能动性是认识、掌握和利用客观规律的必要条件,因为客观规律是隐藏在事物内部的。要正确地认识必须

3、尊重客观规律和发挥人的主观能动性是相辅相成的,辩证统一的。既要尊重客观规律,又要发挥人的主观能动性,把坚持唯物论和辩证法有机统一起来。 三、意义 1、主观能动性和客观规律性辩证关系的原理是我们反对唯心论,形而上学,反对“右”的和“左”的错误思想的武器,否认客观规律性,夸大人的主观能动性,就会陷入形而上学的泥坑,其表现为“精神万能论”,在革命和建设中往往会导致超越历史发展的阶段。在政治上会犯冒险盲动的“左”的错误。夸大尊重客观规律性,否认人的主观能动性,就会陷入形而上学机械论的错误。其表现为“宿命论”,在革命和建设中,往往会导致落后于历史发展的阶段,在政治上开历史的倒车,犯“右”的错误。 2、在社会主义四化建设中,必须尊重社会主义建设的

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