定语从句特殊形式

并列定语从句
两个或两个以上的定语从句通过and，or，but等并列连接词来共 同修饰一个先行词：
• The errors occurring in the exam often result from the things that you don’t know or that you think you know. • The 20th century will not be remembered as the era when space was conquered,or the power of the atom （原子） harnessed（利用）,but that in which were made the first machines having intelligence.
I have no doubt whatever about it. = I have no doubt about it at all. She has no sense whatever.
注意：as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 他是一名教师，这从他举止可以清楚看出。 back
than作关系代词引导定语从句
注意：1)主句中须有比较级字样和than前后呼应。 He smoked more (fewer) cigarettes than (he bought.) were normally available.
没有比她更自私的女人了。
He is a scientist than whom I can imagine no one greater.
我想不出一个比他更伟大的科学家。
3)other than,else than和otherwise than表示除了，相当与
but，except。 but else 或other)than You can’t get to the top of the mountain e (/except n by climbing.
• The goal for for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.（v） to which your • I am sending you an inquiry(询价单),to prompt (立刻的)attention is highly appreciated.（n）
3、What is called ,what we called, what you called 表示所谓的。有 时有贬义。
It is what you call a "new fashion"
4、 No sense whatever的含义 Whatever 可作形容词，常同not，any，no，nothing，anything一 起用于否定句或疑问句中，放在名词或代词后，表示一点也不，相当于 at all。
定语从句特殊 形式
特殊关系词 特殊结构 其他特殊用法
关系代词
关系副词 whose when where why
带有插入语的定语从句 介词+关系代词 并列定语从句
as用法 but用法 than用法 what用法 Ps：that which who
双层定语从句
习题
带有插入语的定语从句
• 定语从句关系词后插入一个主谓结构。 作主语的关系词+插入语+定语从句谓语部分：
很少有人不佩服他的才华。
• but结构也可以省略
• No rule but has exceptions.(There is)凡是规则,都有例外
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What用法
1、用作关系代词
•用于What is +形容词比较级的结构中是关系代词，泛指上下文，意 为更…，尤其…。通常用作插入语。
He attended the contest and what is more surprising,won a gold medal. Great men are often unknown,or what is worse, misknown.
• What一般单独使用不接名词，可表人或物。意义上相当于the person that或the thing that.不具有“什么”这样的疑问意义。
She is not what she used to be. Show me what you have written.
• 如果句中有先行词，那么一定不用What引导定语从句。
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双层定语从句
• 双层定语从句有这样的特点： 1.一个先行词先被一个限定性定语从句所修饰，来表示一个特定的意思， 然后这个结构再被另一个限定性定语从句修饰。 2.这两个限制定性定语从句是处在不同层次的，与并列性定从不同，不 能用but，and或or连接。
• •
He is the only person that we know who speaks so many foreign languages. What was it you started to tell me in the restaurant that you didn’t understand about me?
He referred me to some reference books ______ with which I am not very familiar .(ad.)
• 关系代词前面的介词有时与固定的介宾短语相关，比如in this case， in one’s honor会变成相应的形式in which case ， in whose honor。这时关系代词前的介词是从原来短语中继承过来的 。
You can’t get to the top of the mountain except (或but) by climbing.
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Surely there isn ’ t a mother but faces this 应特别注意but虽然形式上是肯定的，意义上却是否定的。只用 problem.
He may be late ,in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built.
2、介词+which后接不定式短语，相当于一个定语从句。
• Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes • The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains.
• 注意用这个句式时介词+关系代词不能用一个关系副词来替换。比如 不能说：
The farmer used wood to build a house where to store grains.
• 有介词、有关系代词时，不能把介词置于句末。比如不能说：
The farmer used wood to build a house which to store grains in.
他吸的香烟比他买的（弄到的）要多（少）。
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
要彻底理解这种局势要作比迄今为止更多的思考。
2)than 可与whom连用，构成比较结构。 She is a woman than whom no one is more selfish.
他挣的那点钱都花烟酒上了。 我们希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个包和我昨天丢失的包的样子是同样的。
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。
• 2）引导非限制性定语从句可放句首、句中、句末。as后常 接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
于限定性定语从句。 相当于who…not, that…not,which...not. 很可以肯定，凡是母亲都面临这个问题。 • There is no tree but bears some fruit.
没有不结果实的树。
but也可以用作关系代词引导定语从句
• There are very few but admire his talents.
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as作关系代词引导的定语从句
• 1）引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或 such与as相呼应, as不可省略。 We hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.
在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但含义有所不同。that引出 Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and 的从句，指的是与先行词同一的事物，而 as引导的从句指的是与先行词 tobacco. 同类的事物。
Most of the food_____elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. Most of _____food elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. A.what B.which C.who D.as