定语从句特殊情况
定语从句的特殊规则及练习
一、特殊规则：当先行词指物时宜用that，不用which的情况。
1. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything，nothing, few, little，much，all，the one, none 等。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything ______he had stolen.2 先行词为数词I am afraid I am not fit for the job, because it is one requires a lot of patience.3 先行词为同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons ______ we saw then.4先行词被any few little all some no修饰时5 先行词被序数词及the only，the very，the last 修饰时e.g. He is the only person _______ I want to see now.It is the only book _______ I want to see now.6. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the best book ______ I’ve ever read. 7．若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which,用that. e.g. Who of them _____ stood there was the monitor?Practice:1This is the only book I got last year.2This is the largest animal Tom saw in the zoo.3Rose still remember the trees and teachers in the mother school.4All the desks are bought look wonderful.5Do you have any money is used to build the factory?6This is the second watch my father bought for me.4) 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。
定语从句特殊用法
ask you some questions.
3.In their class there are 15 students who
can speak English very well.
In their class there are 15 students，
who can speak English very well.
5. The man ____gave us a talk on A science yesterday is a famous scientist. A, who B, whose C, which D, whom
6, ----Do you know the man ____is running along the street? A ----Yes. He is our English teacher.
中考聚焦：
1.-----Have you found the information about famous people ___you can use A for the report?
-----Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A, which
wonderful.
6. Do you have any money that used to ____is
build the factory?
which 7. Tom has a toy, _____ was given by his
father.
that 8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me.
定语从句
高中英语---定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习(有答案)
定语从句一、定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况1．当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one 等词时。
Everything that he said was true.2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.The only thing that is constant is change.There was little that we could do to help her.3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.What is the first American film that you have seen?5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6．当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?7．先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。
定语从句中引导词的特殊用法
一先行词指物的特殊情况：一．必须用that的情况：1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时，eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是all little much 时，eg. There is something that I want to tell you.3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时，eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,eg. This is the only method we can use.5. 先行词又有人又有物时，eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.6. 主句以who 或which开头时，eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况1，引导非限制性定语从句时。
例如：Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。
2，当关系词前有介词时。
例如：This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
定语从句关系词特殊情况
定语从句关系词一、先行词指物，只用that不用whi ch的特殊情况：1、先行词是不定代词all, little, few, someth ing等或被不定代词any, each, every, much, (a) little, (a) few等修饰时。
Eg. Do you have anythi ng that I can do for you? / Thereis much (work) that he can do here.2、先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级所修饰时。
Eg. This is the most intere sting storythat I have heard.3、先行词是序数词（以及last）或被序数词所修饰时。
Eg. This is the firstcity that I visite d in China.4、先行词前有t he very, the only, the just等修饰时。
Eg. This is the very pen that I lost yester day.5、一个句子带有两个定语从句，一个已用wh ich, 为避免重复，另一个只能用that。
Eg. They builtup a factor y whichproduc ed things that sold well.6、先行词既有人又有物时。
Eg. Do you rememb er the things and person s that we oftentalked aboutin our childh ood?7、主句是以wh o或whi ch开头的特殊疑问句时。
Eg. Who is the girl that is standi ng there? / Whichis the car that you bought last night?注：当先行词指人时，除了第6、7条以及有t he same修饰不能用wh o之外，其他情况既能用that又能用wh o/ whom引导。
三种特殊的定语从句介绍
由 于 引 入 了 电 子 计 算 机 ， 有 在 数 小 时 内 解 不 了 的 复 杂 没 问题。 提 示 ：ｕ 在作 关 系 代 词 ， 导 定 语 从 句 。 特 别 注 意ｂ ｔ ｂｔ 引 应 ｕ虽 然 形 式 上 是 肯 定 的 ， 意 义 上 是 否 定 的 。 这 正 是 ｂ ｔ 其 它 关 但 ｕ和 系词的不同之处。 三 、 ｓ 导 的 定 语 从 句 由ａ 引 ａ作 为 一个 关 系代 词 ， 引 导定 语从 句 时有 以下 几种 情 况 。 ｓ 它 １由 ａ 引 导 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 （ 般 用 逗 号 与 主 句 分 开 ） 。 ｓ 一
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初中英语定语从句语法及考点归纳
初中英语定语从句语法及考点归纳定语从句是英语中一个非常重要的语法结构，它可以用来修饰名词、代词等，在句子中起到限定、补充、说明的作用。
本文将对初中英语中的定语从句语法进行归纳，并列举一些常见的考点。
一、定义及基本结构定语从句是由关系词引导的从句，在从句中修饰先行词。
关系词常见的有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
定语从句的基本结构：关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分例如：1. The pen that I bought yesterday is very expensive.2. The book which is on the table is mine.3. David is the person who helped me.二、关系代词和关系副词的用法区别1. 关系代词用来代替先行词，并在从句中充当成分。
- that: 用来代替人或物，作主语或宾语，指代整个句子或先行词是不定代词、序数词、all, few, little, much, no, some, any等。
- which: 用来代替物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
- who: 用来代替人，在从句中作主语。
- whom: 用来代替人，在从句中作宾语。
- whose: 用来表示所属关系，在从句中修饰名词。
- when: 用来代替时间，在从句中作状语。
- where: 用来代替地点，在从句中作状语。
2. 关系副词用来引导定语从句，并在从句中充当状语。
- when: 用来引导时间状语从句。
- where: 用来引导地点状语从句。
- why: 用来引导原因状语从句。
三、定语从句的特殊情况1. 关系代词和关系副词可以省略。
例如：- The book (which/that) he bought is interesting.- This is the place (where) we met last time.2. 关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句特殊引导词as,but,than
定语从句特殊引导词as,but,thanAs、but和than引导定语从句As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等⾝份被⼤家所熟知，⽽它们居然可以摇⾝⼀变成为关系代词，在定语从句中做主语和宾语。
1. As As最基本的⽤法是做连词“与……⼀样”表⽰同级的⽐较，介词“作为”。
下⾯是它特殊的⽤法：例句：1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor. 他并不具备⼀名演员应有的资格。
2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them the same at the same time. 她买的那条裙⼦和我上周买的⼀模⼀样，我要和她商量⼀下，免得“撞衫”。
上⾯两个例句中定语从句都使⽤了as作为关系代词，我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”，例句2中含有“the same…as…”，由此可见，我们到底要不要使⽤as来做关系代词，可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进⾏判断。
3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected. 如我们所愿，那个在校园杀害数⼈的杀⼈犯终于被警⽅逮捕。
该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语，此处的⽤法是as做关系代词指代前⾯整个句⼦，在定语从句中做主语。
2. But⼤家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的⾝份出现，但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。
例句：There is no man but errs. 没有任何⼈能够不犯错误。
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定语从句中只用that不用as的情况【观察】 1. Is there anything（that） I can do for you in town?2. All the books that have selected are useful ones.3. The first thing（that） we should do is to work out the plan.4. This is one of the most exciting table tennis games that I have ever seen.5. The last place that we visited in the countryside was a farm.6. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.7. Who that has seen the film doesn’t like it?8. I’ll never forget the Sunday（that） my baby was born.9. This is the way that my father did this work.【归纳】限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况：1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
如：Have you set down everything that Mr Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。
如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如：The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：This is the best museum that I have visited all my life.4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。
如：She is the only person that understands me.After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
如：Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd?Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in?6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.7. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why,也常可省略。
如：She admired the way （that） they solved the questions.【歌诀】从句前有“不定式”，先行词前有only, when，some, any, the very在，或有“高”、“序”去替代，只用that来安排。
【小试】用适当的关系词完成下列句子。
1. The only book I want to read is missing.2. This is the second book I have ever written.3. This is all I want to say at the meeting.4. Have you any novels are worth reading?5. Let’s talk about the persons and the thingswe can remember.6. Everything we have seen in China is moving.7. I have nothing is worth reading.8. Who you have ever seen can beat him in chess?（答案略）2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况（1）在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.例如：① The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
② This is the reference boo k of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that，例如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
（2）先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：①Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
同学你好，引导状语从句的连词as可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句，因而被称作准关系代词。
1. 准关系代词as引导限制定语从句，用于以下3个结构中，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语：a. so / such…asSuch people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.b. the same…asModern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作宾语)I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)c. as…asAs many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主语)He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主语)补充：a. such…as 与such…that的区别such…as 引导定语从句；such…that引导结果状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。
I will provide you with such things as you may need.我要供给你一些你可以用得着的东西。
He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关门，结果玻璃碎了。
b. the same…as与the same…that的区别：the same…as指两物相似，the same..描述的是同一物。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的（书包）相似。
（相似物）This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。
（同一物）2. 准关系代词as引导非限制定语从句。
a. as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，可以放在主句前，后或中间，在从句中作主语或宾语、例如：As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首) He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句首)Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)常用的这类句式有：as is said above 综上所述 - as is known to all 众所周知as is often the case 通常如此 - as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报导的b. 主句具有否定意义，as引导的定语从句位于主句之后时，as指代得主句不包括否定意义，并可用but 取代。