2023年专四题型
2023年法律专业四级考试真题及答案
2023年法律专业四级考试真题及答案
一、选择题
1. 下列哪个宪法条款规定了的内容？
A. 第一条
B. 第五条
C. 第十条
D. 第十三条
正确答案：B
2. 侵权行为的构成要件包括下列哪些？
A. 违反法律规定
B. 造成损失
C. 侵害他人合法权益
D. 决心实施侵权行为
正确答案：A、B、C
二、简答题
1. 请简述刑事责任的构成要件。
答：刑事责任的构成要件包括犯罪的主体、犯罪的客体、犯罪的客观行为和犯罪的主观方面。
主体指的是犯罪的人，客体指的是犯罪行为涉及到的物质和精神对象，客观行为指的是犯罪的行为表现，主观方面指的是犯罪人的故意、过失等心理状态。
2. 简述合同成立的要件。
答：合同成立的要件包括意思表示的一致、订立合同的能力、合同条款的确定和合同形式的合法性。
意思表示的一致即双方当事人就合同的内容达成共识；订立合同的能力指双方当事人应当具备相应的法律行为能力；合同条款的确定指合同中各项条款应当清晰明确；合同形式的合法性指合同的形式应当符合法律规定。
三、论述题
请以互联网时代的知识产权保护为背景，论述知识产权保护的重要性及存在的问题。
（略）
以上为2023年法律专业四级考试真题及答案的部分内容，详细内容请参考相关教材和资料。
2023年英语专业四级考试真题及答案
2023年英语专业四级考试真题PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two．The earthquake of 26th December 2023 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not alwayshappen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____．Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be soviolent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous．In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousandpeople died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen．This could(50)____ many lives．31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with36．A．how B．why C．when D．what37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway38．A．that B．it C．this D．which39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but43．A．like B．for C．as D．that44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelterPART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A，B, C and D．Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him．B．No one except his supporters agree with him．C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party．D．Few students in my class are really lazy．52．Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?A．many a B．few C．such D．the next53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A，He promised himself rapid progress．B．The manager herself will interview Mary．C．I have nothing to say for myself．D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A．By now she will be eating dinner．B．I shall never do that again．C．My brother will help you with the luggage．D．You shall get a promotion．56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．How strange feelings they are!B．How dare you speak to me like that!C．What noise they are making!D. What a mess we are in!57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject? A．We never doubt that her brother is honest．B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay．C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。
2023年英语专业四级真题-(2)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023) PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.l. The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers onA. product price.B. product quality.C. manufacturers.D. production methods.2．According to the conversation, an ethical shopper shouldA. ask for others’advice before buying things.B. consider the worth of something to be bought.C. postpone buying things whenever possible.D. search for things that are less costly.3．According to the conversation, ethical shoppers can be best described asA. shrewd.B. thrifty.C. extravagant.D. cautious.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．4. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Mary?A. She is enjoying her language study.B. She is enjoying her management study.C. She is not feeling very well at the moment.D. She is not happy about her study pressure.5. What does Mary think of the course initially?A. It is useful.B. It is difficult.C. It is challenging.D. It is interesting.6. What is Mary’s problem of living in a family house?A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She has no chance to make friends.D. She finds the rent high.7. Which of the following is Mr. Davies’advice?A. To tryto make more friends.B. To try to change accommodation.C. To spend more time on English.D. To stop attending language classes.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now,listen to the conversation.8．According to the conversation, the day is special becauseA. many people are surfing the net on that day.B. it is an anniversary of the internet.C. the net brought about no changes until that day.D. big changes will take place on that day.9. We learn from the conversation that peopleA. cannot Jive without the internet.B. cannot work without the internet.C. all use the internet to keep in touch.D. have varied opinions about internet use.10. At the end of the conversation. the speakers talk aboutA. the future of the internet.B. the type of office furniture.C. when changes will come.D. how people will use the internet.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11．In order to open a bank account, you need to produce____in addition to your passport．A. a library cardB. a registration formC. a telephone billD. a receipt12. Which of the following might NOT be included in the‘utility bill’?A. Rent.B. Gas.C. Water.D. Telephone.13．According to the passage, what can one do in the post office?A. Getting contact details.B. Obtaining tax forms.C. Paying housing rents.D. Applying for loans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14．According to the passage, ‘scheduling’means that youA. need to be efficient in work.B. plan your work properly.C. try to finish work ahead of time.D. know how to work in teams.15. According to the passage, one of the activities to relax could beA. protecting wild animals.B. spending time with your family.C. learning how to read efficiently.D. learning how to do gardening.16. One of the ways to reduce stress is toA. do better than anyone else.B. fulfill high ambitions in one's work.C. work and have reasonable aims.D. start with a relatively low aim.17．According to the passage, to reduce stress has something to do with the following EXCEPTA. one's position.B. one's interest.C. one's health.D. one's mood.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18．According to the passage, new words tend to come fromA. world politics.B. advances in science.C. areas of life.D. all the above.19. The passage explains the larger and richer vocabulary of English mainly from a viewpoint.A. historicalB. culturalC. commercialD. colonial20．According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the English language?A. It is outdated in grammar.B. It accepts new words from science.C. It has begun taking in new words.D. It tends to embrace new words.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based OH the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．21. Where was the marble statue found?A. Out in the sea.B. Inside a bath house.C. On a cliff along the coast.D. On the coast outside Jerusalem.22. Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A. It was incomplete.B. It was recent artwork.C. It was fairly tall.D. It was in pieces.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item. you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. The rescue efforts concentrated mainly onA. the U. S. -Canada borderB. snow-stricken regions.C. highways.D. city streets.24．According to the news, the last group of people might have been stranded in their vehiclesfor more than ____ hours before being rescued.A. 24B. 25C. 40D. 48Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25．According to the 2023 anti-smoking restrictions, smoking was NOT allowed inA. offices.B. restaurants.C. bars.D. school playgrounds.26．According to the news, which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law?A. Television producers.B. Hotel owners.C. Medical workers.D. Hospital management.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27．According to the news, who first discovered the fraud?A. A client.B. A bank manager.C. The police.D. Bank headquarters.28. When did the bank employee hand himself in?A. A month before the fraud was discovered.B. A day before the fraud was discovered.C. A day after the police launched investigation.D. A month after he transferred the money.Question 29 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.29. What is this news item mainly about?A. How to open Hotmail accounts.B. How to retrieve missing e-mails.C. New e-mail service by Microsoft.D. Problems and complaints about e-mails.Question30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.30．Compared with 2023, which of the following figures remained about the same in 2023?A. Number of tickets sold.B. Box office revenues.C. Attendance rate. D Number of cinemas.PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.The earthquake of 26th December 2023 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines, communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years. This is one(34)____ of earthquakes, when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another. Scientists can predict where butnot(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. On one fault line in Kobe, Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed. (37)____, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, (38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____．Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin: lava, dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth. They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt, (42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world. This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous. In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted. The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below. Twenty thousand people died. Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable. We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen, or (48)____ where they will happen. In the future, scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen. This could(50)____ many lives.31. A. massive B. significant C. great D. grand32. A. changed B. converted C. destroyed D. transformed33. A. frequently B. continuously C. regularly D. periodically34. A. source B. reason C. movement D. cause35. A. collides with B. confronts with C. meets with D. faces with36. A. how B. why C. when D. what37. A. Generally B. However C. Similarly D. Anyway38. A. that B. it C. this D. which39. A. unpredictable B. unaccountable C. inevitable D. irresistible40. A. surface B. appearance C. crust D. cover41. A. flowed out B. burst out C. 1eaked out D. trickled out42. A. or B. and C. nor D. but43. A. like B. for C. as D. that44. A. living B. active C. alive D. live45. A. relatively B. hardly C. still D. gradually46. A. down B. on C. across D. beyond47. A. are to B. should C. must D. might48. A. else B. even C. though D. whether49. A. accidents B. incidents C. occasions D. events50. A. rescue B. save C. preserve D. shelterPART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.B. No one except his supporters agree with him.C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.D. Few students in my class are really lazy.52. Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?A. many aB. fewC. suchD. the next53. Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A, He promised himself rapid progress．B. The manager herself will interview Mary.C. I have nothing to say for myself.D. They quarreled themselves red in the face.54. My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A. be sentB. were sentC. were to be sentD. must be sent55. Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A. By now she will be eating dinner.B. I shall never do that again.C. My brother will help you with the luggage.D. You shall get a promotion.56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. How strange feelings they are!B. How dare you speak to me like that!C. What noise they are making!D.What a mess we are in!57. which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?A. We never doubt that her brother is honest.B. The problem is not who will go but who will stay.C. You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。
2023年专四阅读理解题型分解要点
专四考前阅读冲刺要点练习以全真题为主注意控制时间严格按照阅读理解解题环节做完后总结得失、避免再犯同类错误总之: 适量练习、多体会、多总结阅读理解五步法第一步:预览全文了解大意(高度的概括能力:弄清文章的topic,thesis,structure)第二步:扫描题干拟定关键(拟定题干关键词有助于在阅读时忽略大量细节,提高阅读速度)第三步:通读全文定位出处(快速的定位能力:定位significant details)第四步:缩小范围仔细研读(准确的推断能力:记住每个答案必在文中找到根据)第五步:平均用力适当放弃(当机立断,迷惑性太大的题目凭第一直觉,不要踌躇不决,不要花太多时间)专四阅读理解题型分析及应对策略1. 主旨类(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?(2)What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?(3)The main theme of this passage is ___________.(4)The main point of the passage is__________.(5)Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?(6)The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.(7)On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found ina textbook ?(8)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.(9)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?应对策略: 跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。
2023英语专四真题 (2)
2023年英语专四真题IntroductionThe English Level Test for Professional IV (commonly known as the English Specialist Level Test IV or 英语专四) is a standardized English examination conducted in China. It is designed to assess the English language proficiency of non-English major students at an advanced level, typically after they have completed four years of English learning.In this document, we will analyze and provide a sample of the 2023 English Specialist Level Test IV exam, exploring the format, structure, and content. This will give you a better understanding of what to expect and how to prepare for this important exam.Format of the ExamThe English Specialist Level Test IV consists of three main sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. The total duration of the exam is approximately 3 hours.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThis section tests your ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. You will listen to a series of short recordings, conversations, and lectures, and answer multiple-choice questions based on what you hear.The listening comprehension section usually comprises 40 questions, which need to be completed within 30 minutes. It assesses your ability to comprehend the main idea, specific details, and implied meanings in the spoken language.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionIn this section, you will be presented with several texts, such as articles, essays, and reports. You will need to read and comprehend the information provided in the texts, and answer a series of multiple-choice questions.The reading comprehension section generally consists of 50 questions, and you will have 60 minutes to complete it. This section evaluates your ability to understand the main ideas, vocabulary, and reasoning skills within the texts.Section 3: WritingThe writing section aims to assess your ability to express yourself in written English. You will be given a topic and asked to write an essay or a short paragraph on a given topic. It tests your writing skills, including grammar, vocabulary, coherence, and logical organization of ideas.You will have 90 minutes to complete the writing section. It is important to plan your time effectively to ensure you have enough time to brainstorm, outline, write, and revise your composition.Content of the ExamThe content of the English Specialist Level Test IV covers a wide range of topics, including social issues, culture, science, technology, and current events. The exam requires advanced comprehension and usage of the English language.The listening comprehension section includes dialogues, interviews, lectures, and presentations on various topics. It tests your ability to follow conversations, understand different accents and intonations, and extract key information from the audio materials.The reading comprehension section includes passages that may cover academic articles, newspaper reports, opinion pieces, and essays. The topics can range from politics and economics to literature and history. You will be assessed on your ability to understand and analyze the given information, as well as your ability to draw logical conclusions and make inferences.The writing section often requires you to express your own opinions and thoughts on a particular topic. You may be asked to write an argumentative essay, a persuasive piece, or a reflective composition. It is important to demonstrate clear and coherent writing, supported by accurate grammar, appropriate vocabulary, and well-structured paragraphs.Tips for PreparationPreparing for the English Specialist Level Test IV requires consistent effort and practice. Here are some tips to help you prepare effectively:1.Familiarize yourself with the format of the exam by reviewing pastexam papers and sample questions. This will help you become acquainted with the types of questions and the time constraints.2.Enhance your listening skills by regularly listening to English audiomaterials, such as podcasts, news reports, and conversations. Focus onunderstanding different accents and intonations to improve your listeningcomprehension abilities.3.Improve your reading comprehension skills by reading a variety ofEnglish texts, including newspapers, magazines, and academic articles. Practice summarizing the main ideas and identifying supporting details.4.Develop your writing skills by regularly practicing writing essays,paragraphs, and short articles on various topics. Pay attention to grammar,vocabulary, and overall organization of your writing.5.Consider taking English courses or engaging in language exchangeactivities to improve your speaking skills and expand your vocabulary.Speaking fluently and confidently can greatly enhance your overall Englishlanguage proficiency.6.Practice time management during the exam by simulating realistictesting conditions. Set a timer and aim to complete each section within theallocated time to improve your pacing and avoid rushing through the questions.ConclusionThe English Specialist Level Test IV is a challenging exam that requires thorough preparation and practice. By familiarizing yourself with the format, content, and by following the tips mentioned above, you can enhance your English language skills and increase your chances of success in the exam. Good luck with your preparation!。
2023年英语专四真题及答案解析
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023)PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, an example of “Christmas trimmings” could beA. presents.B. fruitsC. sauceD. meat2. A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECTA. roast turkeyB. sweet potatoesC. meatD. carrots3. Why did Helen come to Rob’s house?A. She wanted to talk to Bob.B. She had come to help Bob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.4. Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about it.B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.5. We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organize language activities.B. accepts members from local students.C. has been set up for a long time.D. is increasing its membership.6. According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. Wednesday.B. Tuesday.C. Monday.D. Friday.7. What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her address.B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.8. According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from interviewees.B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees.C. Lack of professional background.D. Lack of interviewing skills.9. The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPTA. prospective.B. useful.C. important.D. tiring.10. We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairs.B. prefers honest people.C. often works on her own.D. is experienced in her work.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.11. According to today’s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Scandinavian mountain.B. Northwestern Europe.C. Northern Europe.D. Southern Europe.12. In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern Europe.B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D.Northwestern Europe.13. In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 2014. According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. Closer contact with modern devices.B. Greater changes in social organization.C. Better understanding of mass media.D. More useful information to better their life.15. The speaker questions about everybody’s access to technological advances. The main reason isA. illiteracy.B. poverty.C. food shortage.D. ignorance.16. According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPTA. giving everyone a radio or TV.B. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years.C. offering internet service to more people.D. providing more job opportunities.17. What could be topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunications.B. Technology and the developing world.C. Education and medical care.D. Building an information society.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.18. People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their hopes for wealth in the New Year.A. newB. redC. whiteD. yellow19. Which of the following New Year’s traditions signals friendship?A. Throwing old dishes.B. Wearing something red.C. Wearing something white.D. Eating round fruits.20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one’s own New Year’s tradition?A. Watching TV at home.B. Going to bed early.C. Visiting friends.D. Running and shouting outside.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.21. What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studies.B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks.C. Students are ready to use electronic resources.D. Digital textbooks are used for social studies.22. With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million dollars.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.23. Who found the suspicious item at the airport?A. TSA agents.B. FBI agents.C. The police.D. Passengers.24. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwards.B. There was a thorough search inside the airport.C. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound.D. The security authorities identified the explosives.Questions 25 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.25. According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the following problems EXCEPTA. alcohol abuse.B. smoking.C. depression.D. schizophrenia.26. Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?A. To prevent patients from smoking.B. To better understand patients.C. To get patients occupied.D. To teach patients some skills.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.27. What is the main purpose of the new rules?A. To reduce the number of pilots on duty.B. To prevent pilots from working overtime.C. To ensure an adequate amount of sleep.D. To fix the amount of work for each pilot.28. The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new rules because theyA. had only covered cargo plane pilots.B. had failed to cover all the pilots.C. would be put into effect in two years.D. would be too costly if implemented.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.29. Why is increase in livestock production necessary?A. Because livestock production is highly efficient.B. Because more people will become wealthier.C. Because it may help double food production.D. Because it has fewer ecological risks.30. What does the word “challenge” mean in the news item?A. Balance between human survival and ecology.B. Conflict between less land and more production.C. Difference between present and future needs.D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.PART 3 CLOZE 15 MINEveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state:without it,it(31)____ _not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us;(32)_____the workers in government offices who(33)_____our health,our food,our water,and all the other things th at we cannot do for ourselves.(34)_____taxation,we pay for things that we need just(35)_ ____we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But(36)_____everyone knows that taxation is necessary,different people have different ideas about(37)____taxation should be arranged.In most countries,a direct tax on(38)_____,which is called income tax,(39)_____.It is arranged in such(40)______that the poorest people pay nothing,and the percentage of tax gro ws(41)____as the taxpayer's income grows.In some countries,for example,the tax on the r ichest people(42)______as high as ninety-five per cent!(43)_____countries with taxation nearly(44)_____have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to p ay taxes or“duties.”Of course,it is the men and women who buy these imported things in th e shops(45)______really have to pay the duties,in the(46)______of higher prices.In some countries,(47)_____,there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things a re taxed,a lot of money is(48)____but the poor people suffer most.If unnecessary things (49)___jewels and fur coats are taxed,less money is obtained but the tax is(50) ______a s the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax,together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for t he poor and high for the rich,is the best arrangement.31. A. can B. may C. could D. would32. A. nor B. neither C. never D. not33.A. look into B. look over C. look over D. look through34.A. In accordance with B. By means of C. With reference to D. On account of 35. A. as well as B. as good as C. as such as D. as much as36. A. if B. when C. though D. as37. A. when B. how C. why D. which38. A. personst B. sectors C. communities D. classes39.A. remains B. stays C. exists D. happens40.A. form B. way C. measure D. method41. A. quicker B. speedier C. more D. larger42. A. grows up B. increases up C. goes up D. lifts up43. A. But B. Consequently C. Similarly D. And44.A. periodically B. almost C. often D. always45. A. which B. who C. what D. whom46. A. manner B. form C. means D. way47.A. either B. also C. too D. often48. A. lent B. saved C. borrowed D. collected49. A. alike B. like C. as D. for50.A. heavier B. fairer C. finer D. betterPART4GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINThere are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or p hrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51.Facing the board of directors,he didn‟t deny________breaking the agreement.A.himB.itC.hisD.its52.Xinchun returned from aboard a different man.The italicized part functions as a(n)____ __.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement.53.Which of the following is a compound word(复合词)? ______.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______.A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before5o’clock?B.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead,and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55.The following determiners(限定词)can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT______.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?______.A.She opened the door and quietly went in.B.Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C.Think it over again and you‟ll get an answer.D.He is somewhat arrogant,and I don't like this.57.Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)? ______.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT______.A.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week.C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.59.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?______.A.Politics are the art or science of government.B.Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D.All the furniture has arrived undamaged.60.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship? ______.A.The arrival of the touristsB.The law of NewtonC.The occupation of the islandD.The plays of Oscar Wilde61.Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? ______.A.He is not the man to draw back.B.Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.rry has a large family to support.D.There is really nothing to fear.62.Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? ______.A.Let me drive you home,shall I?B.You will mind your own business!e and have dinner with us.D.I wish you could stay behind.‘63.If it______tomorrow,the match would be put off.A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained64.Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?______.A.Mary and her son must be home by now.B.Careless reading must give poor results.C.It‟s getting late,and I must leave now.D.He must be working late at the office.65.The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词)EXCEPT______.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.66.____to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.He is fed up with the same old dreary routine,and wants to quit his job.The underlined p art means_________.A.dullB.boringC.longD.hard68.At last night‟s party Larry said something that I though was beyond me.The underlined p art means________.A.I was unable to do C.I was unable to stopB.I couldn’t understand D.I couldn’t tolerate69.The couple______their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A.did forB.did inC.did withD.did up70.Sally contributed a lot to the project,but she never once accepted all the____for herself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.The child nodded,apparently content with his mother‟s promise.The underlined part me ans_________.A.as far as one has learntB.as far as one is concernedC.as far as one can seeD.as far as one is told72.The________that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work.The underlined part means________.A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much74.The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident.The underlined part means_________.A.if an accident happensB.if an accident can be preventedC.before an accidentD.during an accident75.Traditionally,local midwives would________all the babies in the area.A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help76.No food or drink is allowed on the premises.The underlined part means________A.prop osition B.advertisement C.building D.street77.The court would not accept his appeal unless________evidence is provided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.As soon as he opened the door,a________of cold air swept through the house.A.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast79.She really wanted to say something at the meeting,but eventually________from it.A.preventedB.refrainedC.limitedD.restricted80.The couple told the decorator that they wanted their bedroom gaily painted.The underlin ed part means_________.A.brightlyB.light-heartedlyC.cheerfullyD.lightlyPART V READING COMPREHENSION25MINIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,eac h with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over2,000years ago.Now,twitter,instan t messaging,e-mail,blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication - but non e can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions:persuading or inspiring,informing,payi ng tribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past year,the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what wa s certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view.When the leaders m et inCopenhagen in December2023,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to com mit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions.They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts.During wars,generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.The informatio n must be clear,accurate,and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way.（流行病）announced,the idea of“swine flu”many rmative speeches from World Health Or ganization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensibl e precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved on e and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson,after his death,highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his musi c.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.It can also be sur prisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you‟re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your a rgument.In sports,athletes know the importance of a pep talk（鼓舞士气旳发言）before a match to inspire teammates.You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level,a friend may be upset and need comforting.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where your language will b e needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with.Even Barack Obama works hard to p erfect every speech.For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because______.A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C.it plays important roles in human communication.D.it is of great use in everyday-life context.82.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking? __ ___A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers'speeches.D.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83.Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT______.A.to convince people in a debate.B.to inform people at a presentation.C.to advise people at work.D.to entertain people at a wedding.84.According to the passage,which of the following best explains the author's view on____ __ “great speaking ability”?A.It comes from observing rules.B.It can be perfected with easy effort.C.It can be acquired from birth.D.It comes from learning and practice.85.What is the main idea of the passage?______.A.Public speaking in international forums.B.The many uses of public speaking.C.Public speaking in daily life context.D.The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things,says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden:inspiration and desperat ion.In2023,Alden had both.He'd sold two snowboarding businesses,and he was desperatel y bored.But he had an idea:He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.“I kept seeing pe ople missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,”he explains.Then I' m in a chairlift,I've got my headphones on,and I realize my phone is ringing.As1take my g loves off and reach for my phone,I think,“It can't be that tough to make headphones with tw o plugs,one for music and one for your cell phone.”Alden described what he wanted to a des igner,perfected a prototype,and outsourced（外包）manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets,backpacks - anywhere that would mak e it easy to listen to music while snowboarding.“Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort,”he explains.“Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn‟t want to b e a manufacturer.And by outsourcing,he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt.But he was wrong.So he asked his wife,“Can I put a（抵押贷款）on the house?She said,…What is the worst thing that can happen?We lose the house,w e sell our cars,and we start all over again.‟I definitely married the right woman!”For the next two years,Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers .“Factories won't ship your product till they get paid,”he says.“But it takes four or five mon ths to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door.So we paid the factory first.”Gradually,non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones.In2023,the company started selling them in1,400FYE(For Your Entertainment)stores.“We knew that nine out of ten people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time.Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead?We had agreed to buy back anything we didn’t sell,but we were dealing with huge numbers.It’d kill us to take back all the productsAlden‟s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No.1headphone seller in those stores and tri pled its revenue to$120million in one year.His key insight was that headphones weren’t ga dgets;they were a fashion accessory.“In the beginning,”he says,“that little white wire that s aid you had an iPod ---that was cool.But now wearing the white bud means you’re just like everyone else.Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visi ble.”Today,Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier,after Sony.With79emplo yees,the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86.Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he______.A.was no longer in snowboarding business.B.had no other business opportunities.C.was very fond of modern music.D.saw an inconvenience among mobile users.87.The new headphone was originally designed for______.A.snowboarders.B.motorcyclists.C.mountain hikers.D.marathon runners.88.Did Alden solve the money problem?______.A.He sold his house and his cars.B.Factories could ship products before being paid.C.He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D.He borrowed money from his wife's family.89.What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?______.A.He spent more money on product advertising.B.He promised to buy back products not sold.C.He agreed to sell products at a discount.D.He improved the colour design of the product.90.Alden sees headphones as______.A.a sign of self-confidence.B.a symbol of status.C.part of fashion.D.a kind of device.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,”she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from h ell.I laughed and said,“It can't be that bad.”But it was.Before the phone call,I had30years of retirement saving in a“safe”fund with a brilliant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down the phone,my savings were gone.I felt as if I had died and,for some unknown reason,was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoff‟s arrest on charges of running a$65million Ponzi scheme,I'veread many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on.I wish I c ould say I had reservations about Madoff before“the Call”,but I did not.On New Year's Eve,three weeks after we lost our savings,six of us Madoff people gathered at Taj's house for dinner.As we were sitting around the table,someone asked,“If you could h ave your money back right now,but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losin g it,would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock.He said,“I just want the money back.”I wasn't cert ain where I stood.I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open.I’d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost:always focused on the bite that was yet t o come,not the one in my mouth.No matter how much I ate or had or experienced,it didn’t satisfy me,because I wasn’t really taking it in,wasn't absorbing it.Now I was forced to payattention.Still,I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back,I wou ld turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable,and they didn’t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability bei ngripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said,I’d started to get complacent.It’s as if the muscles of my heart starte d to atroph（萎缩）.Now they‟re awake,alive—and I don‟t want to go back.”These weren’t just empty words.Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses.Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone’s garage apartment in three weeks.Three fri ends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.91.What did the author learn from Taj‟s call?A.had got an awful haircut.B.They had lost their retirement savings.C.Taj had just retired from work.D.They were going to meet for lunch.92.How did the author feel in the following weeks?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.93.According to the passage,to which was she“forced to pay attention”?A.Her friends.B.Her husband.C.Her lost savings.D.Her experience.94.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A.Her friends valued their experience more.B.Her friends felt the same as she did.C.Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.95.What is the message of the passage?A.Desire for money is human nature.B.One has to be decisive during crises.C.Understanding gained is more important than money lost.D.It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.TEXT DIn the19th century,there used to be a model of how to be a good person.There are all these to rrents of passion flowing through you.Your job,as captain of your soul,is to erect dams to k eep these passions in check.Your job is to just say no to laziness,lust,greed,drug use and th e other sins.These days that model is out of fashion.You usually can’t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something.Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it.Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence.It's more like a。
2023年专业四级英语考试真题
2023年专业四级英语考试真题Title: 2023 Professional Level 4 English TestIntroductionThe 2023 Professional Level 4 English Test is designed to assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers in professional settings. This exam focuses on evaluating the test-taker's ability to communicate effectively in English in various business and professional contexts. The test includes listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the candidate's English language skills. In this article, we will provide a sample of the test questions and discuss how to prepare for the exam.Sample Test QuestionsListening Section1. Listen to the following conversation and answer the question:What is the main topic of the conversation?A) Traveling to foreign countries.B) Booking a hotel room.C) Arranging a business meeting.D) Discussing a work project.2. Listen to the following news report and answer the question:What is the weather forecast for tomorrow?A) Sunny skies.B) Rain showers.C) Snowfall.D) Cloudy with a chance of thunderstorms.Reading SectionRead the following passage and answer the questions:The role of a project manager is crucial in ensuring the successful completion of a project. Project managers are responsible for overseeing all aspects of a project, including planning, execution, and monitoring. They are also tasked with managing budgets, resources, and deadlines to ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget.3. According to the passage, what is the main responsibility of a project manager?A) Managing budgets and resources.B) Overseeing all aspects of a project.C) Ensuring the success of a project.D) Completing projects on time.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a responsibility of a project manager in the passage?A) Monitoring project progress.B) Managing project risks.C) Marketing the final product.D) Planning project activities.Writing Section5. Write an email to a colleague informing them about a project meeting scheduled for next week. Include details such as date, time, location, and agenda for the meeting.Speaking Section6. Describe a recent business negotiation you were involved in. Discuss the negotiation process, challenges faced, and the outcome of the negotiation.How to Prepare for the ExamTo prepare for the 2023 Professional Level 4 English Test, it is recommended that candidates focus on improving their listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Here are some tips to help you prepare for the exam:1. Practice listening to English conversations, news reports, and presentations to improve your listening skills.2. Read business-related articles, reports, and case studies to enhance your reading comprehension and vocabulary.3. Practice writing emails, reports, and memos to improve your writing skills.4. Practice speaking English in professional contexts, such as giving presentations, participating in meetings, and engaging in business negotiations.In conclusion, the 2023 Professional Level 4 English Test is a comprehensive exam that evaluates the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers in professional settings. By preparing for the exam and practicing the necessary skills, candidates can improve their chances of success on test day. Good luck to all test-takers!。
2023年新版英语专四真题及答案
英语专业四级真题及答案III. 语言知识：11. ___B_____ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot.A. RegardingB. Whatever.C. In so far asD. No matter12. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, ____B______ the women gave a quick knock before opening it..A. whereinB. on whichC. but whenD. then13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian ______C____ with seven years’ racing experience.A. woman driversB. women driverC. women driversD. woman driver14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___.A. past event for exact time referenceB. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncertaintyD. past event for politeness15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.A. alleviate hostilityB. express unfavorable feelingsC. indicate uncertaintyD. make a suggestion16. “It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express __B_____.A obligationB disappointmentC future in the past D. tentativeness17. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that _____D______ history.A. could have later madeB. should have made laterC. might make laterD. would later make18. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known ___C___by microbes.A. having been createdB. being createdC. to have been createdD. to be created19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____A_______alone.A. would have been …had beenB. should be … had beenC. could be … wereD. might have been… were20. You must fire __C____ incompetent assistant of yoursA. theB. anC. thatD. whichever21. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their __A___to reveal themselves.A. charactersB. characteristicsC. charisma D characterizations22. If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can ___D_____ extra purity by running it through a coffee filter.A. assureB. insureC. reassureD. ensure23. The daisy-like flowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to ___B____anxiety and insomnia.A. declineB. relieve C quench D suppress24. Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music, delivered a great crop of album ___C_______.A. publications B appearances C. releases D. presentations25. The party’s reduced vote in the general election was ___C______of lack of support for its policies.A. revealingB. confirmingC. indicativeD. evident26. He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind’s __B______ to analyzetheir differences.A. vision B eye C. view D. sight27. Twelve pupils were killed and five ___A_____injured after gunmen attacked the school during lunchtime.A. criticallyB. enormouslyC. greatlyD. hard28. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested ___C_____ accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high-school.A. overB. withC. onD. for29. It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight __D______to Germany from Abu Dhabi.A. boundedB. bindedC. boundaryD. bound30. It’s ____B_____ the case in the region; a story always sounds clear enough at a distanced, but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.A. unchangeablyB. invariablyC. unalterablyD. immovablyIV. 完形填空：A. alwaysB. barelyC. demiseD. emergenceE. gainedF. implicationsG. leafH. lostI. naturallyJ. objectK. oneL. onlineM. risingN. singleO. valueMILLIONS of people now rent their movies the Netflix way. They fill out a wish list from the 50,000 titles on the company's Web site and receive the first few DVD's in the mail; when they mail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy（31）implications. What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster, which has, in fact, started a similar service? What will it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about "long tail" businesses -- ones that combine many niche markets, like those for Dutch movies or classic musicals, into a (32)single large audience? But one othermajor implication has (33)barely been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for that stalwart of the old economy, the United States Postal Service.Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from（34）online pharmacies, eBay vendors, and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet.The（35）demise of "snail mail" in the age of instant electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps （36）rising. It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970's.The harmful side of the Internet's impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People (37) naturally write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages. To (38) leaf through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been _(39) lost i n this shift: the pretty stamps, the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible (40) object that was once in the sender's hands.V. Reading comprehensionSection APassage one（1）When I was a young girl living in Ireland, I was always pleased when it rained, because that meant I could go treasure hunting. What’s the connection between a wet day and a search for buried treasure? Well, it’s quite simple. Ireland, as some of you may already know, is the home of Leprechauns – little men who possess magic powers and, perhaps more interestingly, pots of gold. （2）Now, although Leprechauns are interesting characters, I have to admit that I was more intrigued by the stories of their treasure hoard. This, as all of Ireland knows, they hide at the end of the rainbow. Leprechauns can be fearsome folk but if you can discover the end of the rainbow,they have to unwillingly surrender their gold to you. So whenever it rained, I would look up in the sky and follow the curve of the rainbow to see where it ended. I never did unearth any treasure, but I did spend many happy, showery days dreaming of what I could do with the fortune if I found it.（3）As I got older, and started working, rainy days came to be just another nuisance and my childhood dreams of finding treasure faded. But for some people the dream of striking it lucky never fades, and for a fortunate few, the dream even comes true! Such is the case of Mel Fisher. His dream of finding treasure also began in childhood, while reading the great literature classics “Treasure Island” and “Moby Dick”. However, unlike myself, he chased his dream and in the end managed to become one of the most famous professional treasure hunters of all time, and for good reason. In 1985, he fished up the priceless cargo of the sunken Spanish ship Atocha, which netted him an incredible $400 million dollars!（4）After the ship sank in 1622 off the coast of Florida, its murky waters became a treasure trove of pre cious stones, gold bars and silver coins known as “pieces of eight”. The aptly-named Fisher, who ran a commercial salvaging operation, had been trying to locate the underwater treasure for over 16 years when he finally hit the jackpot! His dreams had come true but finding and keeping the treasure wasn’t all plain sailing. After battling with hostile conditions at sea, Fisher then had to battle in the courts. In fact, the State of Florida took Fisher to court over ownership of the find and the Federal government soon followed suit. After more than 200 hearings, Fisher agreed to donate 20% of his yearly findings for public display, and so now there is a museum in Florida which displays hundreds of the objects which were salvaged from the Atocha.（5）This true story seems like a modern-day fairytale: a man pursues his dream through adversity and in the end, he triumphs over the difficulties - they all live happily ever after, right? Well, not exactly. Archaeologists object to the fact that with commercial salvaging operations likeFisher’s, the objects are sold and dispersed and UNESCO are worried about protecting our underwater heritage from what it describes as “pillaging”.（6）The counter-argument is that in professional, well-run operations such as Fisher’s, ea ch piece is accurately and minutely recorded and that it is this information which is more important than the actual object, and that such operations help increase our wealth of archaeological knowledge. Indeed, as in Fisher’s case, they make history more accessible to people through museum donations and information on web sites.（7）The distinction of whether these treasure hunters are salvaging or pillaging our underwater heritage may not be clear, but what is clear is that treasure hunting is not just inn ocent child’s play anymore but profitable big business. I have learnt that the end of the rainbow is beyond my reach, but in consolation, with just a click of the mouse, I too can have a share in the riches that the Atocha has revealed. As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”41. In Para.4, the phrase “hit the jackpot” means ______according to the text.A. discovered the jackpot.B. found the treasureC. broke one of the objectsD. ran a salvaging operation42. It can be concluded from Paras. 5 and 6 that _________.A. people hold entirely different views on the issueB. UNESCO’s view is different from archaeologists’C. all salvaging operations should be prohibitedD. attention should be paid to the find’s educational value43. How did the author feel about the treasure from the Atocha (Para. 7)?A. She was unconcerned about where the treasure came fromB. She was sad that she was unable to discover and salvage treasure.C. She was angry that treasure hunters were pillaging heritage.D. She was glad that people can have a chance to see the treasure.Passage two（1）PAUL was dissatisfied with himself and with everything. The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt her, or wounded his love for her, he could not bear it. Now it was spring, and there was battle between him and Miriam. This year he had a good deal against her. She was vaguely aware of it. The old feeling that she was to be a sacrifice to this love, which she had had when she prayed, was mingled in all her emotions. She did not at the bottom believe she ever would have him. She did not believe in herself primarily: doubted whether she could ever be what he would demand of her. Certainly she never saw herself living happily through a lifetime with him. She saw tragedy, sorrow, and sacrifice ahead. And in sacrifice she was proud, in renunciation she was strong, for she did not trust herself to support everyday life. She was prepared for the big things and the deep things, like tragedy. It was the sufficiency of the small day-life she could not trust.（2）The Easter holidays began happily. Paul was his own frank self. Yet she felt it would go wrong. On the Sunday afternoon she stood at her bedroom window, looking across at the oak-trees of the wood, in whose branches a twilight was tangled, below the bright sky of the afternoon. Grey-green rosettes of honeysuckle leaves hung before the window, some already, she fancied, showing bud. It was spring, which she loved and dreaded.（3）Hearing the clack of the gate she stood in suspense. It was a bright grey day. Paul came into the yard with his bicycle, which glittered as he walked. Usually he rang his bell and laughed towards the house. To-day he walked with shut lips and cold, cruel bearing, that had something ofa slouch and a sneer in it. She knew him well by now, and could tell from that keen-looking, aloof young body of his what was happening inside him. There was a cold correctness in the way he put his bicycle in its place, that made her heart sink.（4）She came downstairs nervously. She was wearing a new net blouse that she thought became her. It had a high collar with a tiny ruff, making her, she thought, look wonderfully a woman, and dignified. At twenty she was full-breasted and luxuriously formed. Her face was still like a soft rich mask, unchangeable. But her eyes, once lifted, were wonderful. She was afraid of him. He would notice her new blouse.（5）He, being in a hard, ironical mood, was entertaining the family to a description of a service given in the Primitive Methodist Chapel. He sat at the head of the table, his mobile face, with the eyes that could be so beautiful, shining with tenderness or dancing with laughter, now taking on one expression and then another, in imitation of various people he was mocking. His mockery always hurt her; it was too near the reality. He was too clever and cruel. She felt that when his eyes were like this, hard with mocking hate, he would spare neither himself nor anybody else. But Mrs. Leivers was wiping her eyes with laughter, and Mr. Leivers, just awake from his Sunday nap, was rubbing his head in amusement. The three brothers sat with ruffled, sleepy appearance in their shirt-sleeves, giving a guffaw from time to time. The whole family loved a "take-off" more than anything.44. It can be learned from the beginning that Mariam’s attitude toward love between her and Paul is ________.A. indifferentB. desperateC. pessimisticD. ambiguous45. The narration in Para. 3 tells us that Miriam had all the following feelings except _______.A.delightB. expectationC. uncertaintyD. forebearing46. Which of the following statements is correct about the family’s response to Paul’s mockery?A. Only the parents found it entertaining.B. Every member except Marriam was amusedC. The brothers found it hard to appreciate.D. Mariam also thought it was amusingPassage three（1）I’ve written this article and you’re reading it. So we are members of the same club. We’re both literate – we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialised western countries, such as the UK and the USA, approximately 20% of the population have 'low literacy levels'. But what exactly does that mean?（2）My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn't play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn't she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn't write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter that he'd written to the bank and asked me to check it for grammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn't comfortable or confident. Does that mean that my father had a 'low level of literacy'? I don't think so.（3）There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form, –anything that you need to do in everyday life – then you are 'functionally literate'.（4）Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can't read or write as well as you would like to.（5）If you live in a society where most people are literate then you will feel ashamed orembarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn't read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it - and believe it or not, his family had no idea.（6）We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word 'literate' meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call 'articulate'. Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is today in some societies. Reading was often a co-operative activity – someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible.（7）Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn't sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.（8）Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn't so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you.（9）And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.（10）Being illiterate can have a big effect on people's lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, and often unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.（11）World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don'tforget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low level of literacy, isn't necessarily stupid or ignorant – and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn't only found in writing.47. Why does the author give two examples in Para 2?A. To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways.B. To show that Father was more literate than Mother.C. To indicate how important reading and writing are.D. To compare the level of literacy between neighbours.48. According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCETT________.A. psyhchologicalB. functionalC. socialD. independent49. Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT?A. Reading and writing have always been regarded as equally difficult.B. People had to read and write well in order to be allowed to vote.C. Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing.D. Reading and writing have always been viewed as being connected.50. What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on ?A. Effects of illiteracy and employment problems.B. Effects of illiteracy and associated problems.C. Effects of illiteracy on one’s personality development.D. Effects of illiteracy on women’s career development.Section B. Short answer questions. (Answer each question with no more than ten words)Passage one.51. what does This in Para. 2 refer to?It refers to the treasure hoard of Leprechauns.52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)?Because he was sued over ownership of the treasure.Passage two.53.Why did Mariam wear a new net blouse on Sunday afternoon?Because she wanted to attract Paul’s attention.54. What is the meaning of the sentence “…he would spare neither himself nor anybody else” in Para. 5?Everyone, including himself, would become the targets of his mockery.Passage three.55. Explain the meaning of the last sentence of Para. 11 according to the context.Illiterate people may also have knowledge and wisdom.。
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2023年专四题型
摘要：
一、引言
二、2023年专四题型变化
1.阅读理解题型
2.完形填空题型
3.语法填空题型
4.改错题型
5.作文题型
三、应对策略
1.提高阅读速度和理解能力
2.加强词汇和语法学习
3.多做练习题，熟悉题型
4.培养写作能力和思维敏捷性
四、总结
正文：
随着社会的发展和教育改革的推进，每年的专业四级考试题型都会有所调整。
本文将针对2023年的专四题型进行详细解析，并提供一些应对策略。
一、引言
专业四级考试（简称“专四”）是我国高校英语教育体系中的一个重要考核，旨在检验考生的英语综合运用能力。
2023年的专四考试在题型上有所调
整，下面将进行具体分析。
二、2023年专四题型变化
1.阅读理解题型
阅读理解题将继续作为专四考试的重要部分，主要测试考生的阅读速度和理解能力。
2023年的阅读理解题型将更加注重考查考生的推理和分析能力，因此考生在备考过程中要加强对文章主旨和细节的理解。
2.完形填空题型
完形填空题将延续往年题型，主要测试考生的词汇、语法和篇章理解能力。
2023年的完形填空题将进一步加强对词汇和语法知识的考查，考生需加强相关方面的学习。
3.语法填空题型
语法填空题型主要测试考生的词汇和语法运用能力。
2023年的语法填空题将更加注重考查考生的语境理解和词汇运用能力，考生在备考过程中需加强对词汇和语法的掌握。
4.改错题型
改错题型将延续往年题型，主要测试考生的语法和词汇知识。
2023年的改错题将进一步加强对语法和词汇知识的考查，考生需加强相关方面的学习。
5.作文题型
作文题型作为专四考试的最后一部分，主要测试考生的写作能力和思维敏捷性。
2023年的作文题型将更加注重考查考生的观点表达和逻辑分析能力，考生在备考过程中要加强对各类文章的写作训练。
三、应对策略
1.提高阅读速度和理解能力。
考生在备考过程中要多读英语文章，提高自己的阅读速度，同时加强对文章主旨和细节的理解。
2.加强词汇和语法学习。
考生要熟练掌握英语词汇和语法知识，以应对各种题型的考查。
3.多做练习题，熟悉题型。
考生在备考过程中要大量练习往年真题和模拟题，熟悉各种题型的解题方法和技巧。
4.培养写作能力和思维敏捷性。
考生要经常进行写作训练，提高自己的写作能力，同时加强对社会热点问题的关注，培养自己的思维敏捷性。
四、总结
2023年的专四题型在阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、改错和作文等方面都有一定的变化。