X理论和y理论优缺点

X理论和y理论introduction
在资本主义管理理论中，根据人的行为看法不同划分的两种理论。

道格拉斯·麦格雷戈(Douglas Mcgregor,1906—1964)，美国麻省理工学院教授，于1957年首次提出X理论和Y理论，在1960年发表的“企业的人的方面”一文中，他对两种理论进行了比较。

这是关于人性的两种截然不同的观点：一种是基本上消极的X理论;另外是基本上积极的Y理论。

通过观察管理处理员工关系的方式，麦格雷戈发现，管理者关于人性的观点是建立在一些假设基础之上的，而管理者又根据这些假设来塑造他们自己对下属的行为方式。

麦格雷戈的X理论观点：人的本性是坏的，一般人都有好逸恶劳、尽可能逃避工作的特性;由于人有厌恶工作的特性，因此对大多数人来说，仅用奖赏的办法不足以战胜其厌恶工作的倾向，必须进行强制、监督、指挥、并惩罚进行威胁，才能使他们付出足够的努力去完成给定的工作目标;一般人都胸无大志，通常满足于平平稳稳的完成工作，而不喜欢具有“压迫感”的创造性的困难工作。

相反地，Y理论是较为传统的X理论的合理替代物。

麦格雷戈的Y理论观点：人并不懒惰，他们对工作的喜欢和憎恶决定于这对工作对他是一种满足还是一种惩罚;在正常情况下人愿意承担责任;人们都热衷于发挥自己的才能和创造性。

Theory X and theory y the introduction
In capitalist management theory, according to the views of the two theories of different division.
Douglas Mcgregor (Douglas Mcgregor, 1906-1964), a professor at the Massachusetts institute of technology, for the first time in 1957 proposed the theory X and theory Y, published in 1960, "enterprise of people", he compares the two theories.This is two completely different ideas about human nature: one kind is basically negative theory X;The other is basically positive theory Y.By looking at the way management deals with employee relations, McGregor found that managers view about human nature is based on some assumptions, and managers according to these assumptions of the staff to shape their own behavior.
McGregor's theory X view that human nature is bad, generally has the property of indolence, as far as possible to avoid work;Due to the nature of people work with disgust, so for most people, only by reward is not enough to overcome the tendency of its aversion to work, must be forced, command, supervision, and punishment for threats, to make them enough effort to accomplish a given goal;Generally the heart, often meet to smooth finish the work in and don't like to have a "pressure" the difficulty of creative work.On the contrary, theory Y is relatively reasonable alternative to the traditional theory X. McGregor's theory Y view that people are not lazy, their likes and dislikes of work depends on the job to him is a kind of meet or a punishment;In normal human willing to accept responsibility;People are keen to use of their talents and creativity.
X理论的优缺点：
二者的差别在于对工人的需要看法不同，因此采用的管理方法也不相同。

按X理论来看待工人的需要，进行管理就要采取严格的控制、强制方式;它的优点是准确，直接的给工人下达指令，减少工人对工作怠慢的机会，增加工作效率。

缺点是强制的指挥和监督使工人产生压迫感。

Y理论的优缺点：
如果按Y理论看待工人的需要，管理者就要创造一个能多方面满足工人需要的环境，使人们智慧、能力得以充分的发挥，以更好地实现组织个个人目标。

Y 理论的优点是充分发挥员工的个人潜质，使员工在轻松，快乐的环境下工作。

它的缺点是这种方式只针对于有良好自觉性的员工，但是对于喜欢逃避责任的员工来说，这种方式使他们更加逃避工作。

The advantages and disadvantages of theory X:
The difference between the two is the need for workers view is different, so the management method is not the same.To view the needs of the workers, according to theory X management will take strict control, to enforce way;It has the advantage of accurate, directly to the workers of an order, reduce the workers for working opportunity to snub, increase work efficiency.The disadvantage is that the compulsory command and supervision, make the worker produces oppressive feeling.
The advantages and disadvantages of theory Y:
If the theory Y think about the needs of the workers, managers must create a can meet the needs of the workers in many aspects of the environment, make people wisdom and ability to full play, in order to better achieve organizational a personal goal.Theory Y is give full play to the advantages of the personal potential of employees, make employees in a relaxed and happy environment.Its disadvantage is that only in this way have good consciousness of employees, but for employees like to evade responsibility, this way to make them more to avoid work.。