2018级英语试题

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2018英语专四试题

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. Duringthe first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, youmay look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.试卷用后随即销毁。

2018年6月英语四级考试真题及答案第1套

2018 年6 月英语四级考试真题及答案第 1 套PartIWriting (30 minutes )Directions: Forthispart, youareallowed 30minutes towriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit. Youshouldwriteatleast 120 wordsbutnomorethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.C) A father's message for his daughter.D) The history of a century-old motel.2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.B) She wanted to honor her father's promise.C) She had been asked by her father to do so.D) She was excited to see her father's handwriting.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees.B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.C) Two million bees were infected with disease.D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.4. A) It apologized to its customers.B) It was forced to kill its bees.C) It lost a huge stock of bees.D) It lost 2.5 million dollars.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.B) It took off and landed on a football field.C) It proved to be of high commercial value.D) It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.6. A) Engineering problems.B) The air pollution it produced.C) Inadequate funding.D) The opposition from the military.7. A) It uses the latest aviation technology.B) It flies faster than a commercial jet.C) It is a safer means of transportation.D) It is more environmentally friendly.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It seems a depressing topic.B) It sounds quite alarming.C) It has little impact on our daily life.D) It is getting more serious these days.9. A) The man doesn't understand Spanish.B) The woman doesn't really like dancing.C) They don't want something too noisy.D) They can't make it to the theatre in time.10. A) It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.11. A) Watch a comedy.B) Go and see the dance.C) Book the tickets online.D) See a film with the man.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.C) There are too many activities for her to cope with.D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.13. A) Seek advice from senior students.B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies.C) Participate in after-school activities.D) Look into what the school offers.14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it.B) Accept her as a transfer student.C) Find her accommodation on campus.D) Introduce her to her roommates.15. A) She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.B) She has become friends with Catherine.C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.D) She has just transferred to the college.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.C) To discover what most mice like to eat.D) To determine what feelings mice have.17. A) When they are hungry.B) When they are thirsty.C) When they smell food.D) When they want company.18. A) They search for food in groups.B) They are overweight when food is plenty.C) They prefer to be with other mice.D) They enjoy the company of other animals.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Its construction started before World War I.B) Its construction cost more than $ 40 billion.C) It is efficiently used for transport.D) It is one of the best in the world.20. A) To improve transportation in the countryside.B) To move troops quickly from place to place.C) To enable people to travel at a higher speed.D) To speed up the transportation of goods.21. A) In the 1970s.B) In the 1960s.C) In the 1950s.D) In the 1940s.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Chatting while driving.B) Messaging while driving.C) Driving under age.D) Speeding on highways.23. A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.B) A gadget to charge the phone in a car.C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.24. A) The car keeps flashing its headlights.B) The car slows down gradually to a halt.C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.D) They get a warning on their smart phone.25. A) Installing a camera.B) Using a connected app.C) Checking their emails.D) Keeping a daily record.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the towerwas first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stonesbecame a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 .During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large 30has never been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by theMillbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce muchless pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , butrather one to collect the most solar energy.A) cheaper B) cleaner C) collection D) competed E) constructed F) consulted G) dimension H) discovered I) eventually J) height K) necessarily L) production M) range N) scale O) undertakenSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their HomeworkA) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to completecoursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students arecomplaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing —and sometimesjoining —expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to completecoursework and submit assignments.B) The codes —which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ 155 per course —give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson.These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted thattheir new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with,represent the future of the industry.C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos ( 观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could oncebuy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentiallyimpossible to avoid.D) "When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly( 垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the highereducation advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. "Ratherthan $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $ 120," said Senack. "But because it's alldigital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homeworkand tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out."E) SarinaHarpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemmawhen she first started college in 2015 —pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework.She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, asystem provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams andtrack their grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120 —a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200,to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. "It's abalancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in herfirst two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbookbusinesses, they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher educationmarket, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first timein 2015. The company said that 45% of its $ 140 million revenue in 2015 "was derived fromdigital products."H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that "digital materials are less expensiveand a good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledgechecks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared totraditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a requestfor comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over."I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students."These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offerall kinds of features," David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in away that you can't do with print homework assignments."J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try tomake things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. "The online systems may make my life a lot easierbut I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise canbenefit the students most."K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that shenormally spends $ 500-$ 600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn'trequire students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year shesaid she spent $ 900 on access codes to books and programs. "That's two months of rent,"she said. "You can't sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 -$ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books. With an access code, you're outof that money. "L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, toldBuzzFeed News that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have topay for all these access codes to do our homework." Many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "Often it's only 10% of yourgrade in class." he said. "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affectsyour grade —but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C." Wolverton said he spent $ 500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.M) Harper, a poultry ( 家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statisticstextbooks for about $ 20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $ 85.N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to thehigh prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy," she said. "If you miss it, youjust miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everythingback up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun."26. A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.27. The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.28. If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submittheir assignments.29. McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.30. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which theybelieve will be the future of the publishing business.31. One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the hightuition.32. Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed booksaccording to a publisher.33. One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for herpart-time job.34. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of theirexpertise for their students.35. Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbookbusiness.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia ( 痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. Thereare pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, placesand things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in thebrain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affectcommunication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced asblood vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about.But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far moreconcerning, Daffner says.When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more seriousmay be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, orforgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also besigns of something going wrong.But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can causeconfusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathingduring sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications ( 药物) like antidepressants.You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to checkon medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And thebest defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive( 认知的) reserve, Daffner says."Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physicallyactive, because exercise is a known brain booster.36. Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.B) They occur only among certain groups of people.C) Not all of them are related to one's age.D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.37. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.C) Communication within our brain weakens.D) Our whole brain starts shrinking.38. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?A) Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.B) Inability to recall details of one's life experiences.C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.39. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?A) Check the brain's cognitive reserve.B) Stop medications affecting memory.C) Turn to a professional for assistance.D) Exercise to improve their well-being.40. What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.B) Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.D) Staying active both physically and mentally.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian InstitutionArchives ( 档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice."We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of theSmithsonian Insitution Archives. "It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern ( 实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone askedto see the letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter back. "The intern likelytook the letter again once nobody was watching it."Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located veryclose to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to presscharges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archivesto determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand VandeveerHayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that wouldbecome Yellowstone National Park.The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum stafffor so long. "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minorthings in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, butnothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of itand that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value orinterest to the public online."It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this."Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep ourhigh value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to."41. What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?A) It was recovered by the FBI.B) It was stolen more than once.C) It was put in the archives for research purposes.D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.42. What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?A) They proved its authenticity.B) They kept it in a special safe.C) They arrested the suspect immediately.D) They pressed criminal charges in vain.43. What is Darwin's letter about?A) The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.B) His cooperation with an American geologist.C) Some geological evidence supporting his theory.D) His acknowledgement of help from a professional.44. What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?A) Reserve it for research purposes only.B) Turn it into an object of high interest.C) Keep it a permanent secret.D) Make it available online.45. What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?A) Growing interest in rare art objects.B) Radical changes in archiving practices.C) Recovery of various missing documents.D) Increases in the value of museum exhibits.Part IV Translation (30 minutes )Directions: Forthispart, youareallowed 30 minutes totranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish. YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Annoyed.B) Scared.C) Confused.D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel.C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction.C) McDonald's new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B) The inefficiency of employees.C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C) . government's approval of private space missions.D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7. A) It is significant.B) It is promising.C) It is unpredictable.D) It is unprofitable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Visiting her family in Thailand.B) Showing friends around Phuket.C) Swimming around a Thai island.D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage.B) She met a Thai girl's parents.C) She learned some Thai words.D) She sunbathed on a Thai beach.10. A) His class will start in a minute.B) He has got an incoming phone call.C) Someone is knocking at his door.D) His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop.C) He collects things from different countries.D) He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B) Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C) Signing up for a weight-loss course.D) Trying out a new gym in town.13. A) Professional personal training.B) Free exercise for the first week.C) A discount for a half-year membership.D) Additional benefits for young couples.14. A) The safety of weight-lifting.B) The high membership fee.C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B) She used to do 200 sit-ups every day.C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D) She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B) They often apply for a number of positions.C) They worry about the results of their applications.D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized.B) Edit their references.C) Find better-paid jobs.D) Analyze the searching process.18. A) Provide their data in detail.B) Personalize each application.C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.D) If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C) Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.21. A) Allow kids to learn at their own pace.B) Encourage kids to learn from each other.C) Organize kids into various interest groups.D) Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa.B) It is really marvelous to look at.C) It offers free dance classes to seniors.D) It offers people a chance to socialize.24. A) Their state of mind improved.B) They became better dancers.C) They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened.25. A) It is fun.B) It is life.C) It is exhausting.D) It is rhythmical.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state's bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected asa 28 . All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workers went on strike and the city's 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work" days have done their job by 35 pollution lows. A) assisted B) collaborating C) consequence D) consumers E) creating F) detail G) domestic H) frequently I) inhabitants J) innovation K) intended L) outdoor M) pollutants N) restricted O) sumSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces 'Endangered' ListA) On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, therewas a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.B) "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea ofpicture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.D) Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."F) For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.G) Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the . cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become "intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations."I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world,granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.K) But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.36. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its cultural heritage.38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years.39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of tourists.40. If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day.41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice.42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local residents.43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism industry.44. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authoritieshave only focused on the revenues from tourism.45. UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency.B) Add to their sustained happiness.C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Settle in an urban area.C) Gain fame and popularity.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its positive effect is.C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits people physically.49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation.C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of threestate-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospitalship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51. What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A) They performed marvellously on the sea.B) They could all break the ice in their way.C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D) They were models of modern engineering.52. What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A) Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C) Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D) The long voyages they were able to undertake.53. What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A) It was a mere piece of decoration.B) It was the work of a famous artist.C) It was designed to let out extra smoke.D) It was easily identifiable from afar.54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A) Their unscientific designs.B) Their captains' misjudgment.C) The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D) The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55. What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A) She was used to carry troops.B) She was sunk in World War I.C) She was converted into a hospital ship.D) She was retired after her naval service.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。

2018年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第2套)

Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on ho w to balance jobresponsibilities and personal interests. You should write at lea st 150 words but no more than 200 words.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustch oose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then m ark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Stop worrying about him.B) Keep away from the statue.C) Take a picture of him.D) Pat on a smile for the photo.2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.B) Publishing a collection of his photos.C) Collecting the best photos in the world.D) Becoming a professional photographer.3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A) They are far from satisfactory.B) They are mostly taken by her mom.C) They make an impressive album.D) They record her fond memories.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B) An introductory course of modem physics.C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A) The future of the physical world.B) The origin of the universe.C) Sources of radiation.D) Particle theory.7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.B) Whether the universe will turn barren.C) Why there exists anti-matter.D) Why there is a universe at all8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pas sage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer fromthe four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corres ponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.D) She woke up finding herself in another country.10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.D) It often happens to people with speech defects.11. A) British.B) Irish.C) Russian.D) Australian.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Water sports.B) Racing in rivers.C) Stories about women swimmers.D) Books about swimming.13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.B) They had a unique notion of modesty.C) They were prohibited from swimming.D) They were fully dressed when swimming.15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks f ollowedby three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Af ter you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choic es marked A, B, C andD. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shee t 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.C) Test the credibility of court evidence.D) Win people's complete trust in them.17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.B) They are sceptical of its reliability.C) They think it is but business promotion.D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.B) It does not sound economical.C) It may intrude into people's privacy.D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Its middle-class is disappearing.B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.C) Its population is rapidly growing.D) Its cherished dream is coming true.23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.C) A few dollars could go a long way.D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.24. A) Better working conditions.B) Better-paying jobs.C) High social status.D) Full employment.25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.B) Adopt effective business models.C) Hire part-time employees only.D) Make use of the latest technology.Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are require d to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the co rresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throught he centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurtsstudents who're already struggling to __26__ the material. A new study from Michigan StateUniversity, though, argues that all students—includ ing high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Inte rnet during class for non-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researche rs __27__500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State Unive rsity. Researchers usedACT scores as a measure of intellectual __28__ Bec ause previous research has shown thatpeople with high intellectual abilities are better at __29__ out distractions, researchersbelieved students with high ACT scores would not show a __30__ decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worseontheir exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the acade mically smarteststudents are harmed when they're distracted in class.College professors are increasingly __31__ alarm bells about the effects smar tphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 st udy of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptop s during class, with the average student checkingtheir digital device 11 times in a __32__ class. A quarter of students report that their use ofdigital device s during class causes their grades to __33__.Professors sometimes implement policies designed to __34__ students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors e ven confiscate (没收）tablets andphones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies of ten fail. One internationalstudy found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Untilstudents are able to __35__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing theweb, they may continue to straggle in their classes.A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) signific ant N) suffer O) typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2.A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 YearsA) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stay ed busy managinga household and rearing children. But on top of that, Meria n, a German-born woman who livedin the Netherlands, also managed a succe ssful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist andentomologist (昆虫学家).B)"She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time ta lking about," said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylv ania who has been studying thescientific history of Merian's work."She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was sig nificant. "C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian d iscovered factsabout plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneouslyemerged from mud. The knowledge she collectedover decades didn't just sati sfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medi cine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and theirhabitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she s ailed with her daughternearly 5,000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungl es ofwhat is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was h er masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valua ble to Europeansof the time that she received much acclaim. But a century l ater, her findings came underscientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women'sroles in 18th- and 1 9th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten."It waskind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）," said Dr. Etheridge."Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl o ut of it."F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent ye ars, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent andinspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into thescientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republish ed. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updateds cientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades do cumentingEuropean plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects."Then she got really serious," Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insect s at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars."Shewould sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them," she said.H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed pa intings anddescriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional vis uals and stories of insects andanimals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used amagnifying glass to capture the det ail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube fordrinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emer ged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the t ongue consists of two tiny half-tubesbefore merging into one.I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummi ngbird, but whenMerian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, no body objected. Dr. Etheridge calledit revolutionary. The image, which also c ontained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated aEuropean audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them thanthe gender of the person who painted it.J)"All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view," Dr. Etheridge said. B ut later, peopleof the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been rep roduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossibl e."She'd been called a silly woman for saying thata spider could eat a bird," Dr . Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of CharlesDarwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the fi rst time."InAmerica there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom h andle in a singlenight, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the a nts took the leaves below groundto their young. And she wouldn't have know n this at the time, but the ants use the leaves tofarm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridge s with theirbodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly l umped together army andleaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the ty pical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium aswell: not every cat erpillar and butterfly matched.M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Surina me trip aftergetting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. An d errors are common amongsome of history's most- celebrated scientific min ds, too."These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known mis conceptions published by Charles Darwin or IsaacNewton," Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focu sed onthe mistakes of her work.N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing fro m his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian fordescribing a frog in the account of her South A merican expedition, and named the young treefrog after her in his portraya l of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. Shereceived assistanc e naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Herdau ghters helped her color her drawings.O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Surina me, as well asslaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wro te moving passages that includedher helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower,"TheIndians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds t o abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. Th e black slaves from Guinea and Angolahave demanded to be well treated, thr eatening to refuse to have children. In fact, theysometimes take their own li ves because they are treated so badly, and because they believethey will be b orn again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. " P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford Univer sity, called thispassage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centurie s later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about soci al justice and women's rights."She was ahead ofher time," Dr. Etheridge said.36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than he r gender.38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened sta y in SouthAmerica.40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine a nd science.43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-establi shed.45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuriesago.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho ices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of c omplexity, manyof us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by t rade) may struggle to rememberthe last time we used calculus (微积分）.It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating howmath can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taughtin schools, or eliminate some courses enti rely?Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advan ced algebra andother higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics."We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the C hinese are runningrings around us," Hacker says."I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to toomany people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautic al (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queen s College： Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to a nalyze public information likethe federal budget and corporate reports. Suc h courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for thenumerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unableto calculat e the price of, say, a carpet by area.Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's neededis to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching themless math altogether.Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and wh at it could use in Americanclassrooms is an injection of childlike wonder. "Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says."Redesign it so it's more accessible tomore kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had badexperiences. " Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar p erspective. Harrissays that American education is suffering from an epidemi c of "fake math"一an emphasis onrote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how mathcan influenc e the ways we see the world.Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical."I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways t o make theirsubject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hac ker says."All that I ask is thatalternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. "46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?A) They struggle to solve math problems.B) They think math is a complex subject.C) They find high-level math of little use.D) They work hard to learn high-level math.47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?A) America is not doing as well as China.B) Math professors are not doing a good job.C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.B) Start teaching children math at an early age.C) Help children work wonders with calculus.D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?A) To enable learners to understand the world better.B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.D) To exert influence on world development.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The B ureau of LaborStatistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demandwill grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs bythen.So what's the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi Universit y of Technologyhas developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can makehospital rounds, delivermedications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as adoctor or nurse, who can use it to reco rd and access patient data. This type of robot will likelybe one of the first to b e implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cogni tive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can s erve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots suc h as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smar tphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotelymonitor pati ents or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If youcan't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresenc e robot to hang outwith her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consisten tly positive attitude" about the Giraffrobot's ability to enhance communicati on and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why theRIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop arobotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear . RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can h elp patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strongarms.On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-lik e that somepatients may not know the difference. This conversational robot c ompanion has cameras in itseyes, which allow it to track patients and use a ppropriate facial expressions and bodylanguage in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patientshow they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having itaround. "It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Ins tead, they perform routine andlaborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend t o patients with immediate needs. This is oneindustry where it seems the int egration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.51. What does the author say about Japan?A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.53. What are telepresence robots designed to do?A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C) Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family membe rs.54. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?A) It interacts with patients just like a human companion.B) It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.C) It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.D) It uses body language even more effectively than words.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B) The robotics industry will soon take off.C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.D) Collaboration will not replace competition.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。

2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)

2. A) It is stable. B)It is durable.
C) It is inexpensive. D) It istions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard。 3. A) It lasted more than six hours.
2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)
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2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)........................................................................................................... 1 快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试卷一详细答案(精品)............................................................................................. 15 2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试题二(完整版)......................................................................................................... 61 快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................... 75 2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试卷二详细答案(精品)............................................................................................. 75 2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试题三(完整版)....................................................................................................... 120 快速对答案......................................................................................................................................................................... 129 2018 年 12 月大学生英语四级真题试卷三详细答案(精品)........................................................................................... 129

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套完整版)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D)Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D)It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D)It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each one has a unique character.C)They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources they need.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18.A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C)They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C)It is the largest cat in Africa.D)It is a large-sized wild cat.20.A) They are as loyal as dogs.B)They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C)They have unusually long tails.D)They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents' biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C)Read books and magazines to them.D)Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious __26__ occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs __27__ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes __28__ like home heating and cooking, has remained __29__ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray __30__ it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little __31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income __32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they __33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited __34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel（柴油）__35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A) abilityB) associatedC) consciouslyD) constantE) control F) damageG) described H) equalsI) exclusivelyJ) innovatedK) regularlyL) relatesM) sourcesN) undermineO) vehiclesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some ideas on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni （通心粉）-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it? ” she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sur e they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications （药物）.By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with Your Do’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H)”It’s a different paradigm （范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients，nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea s ays. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long- term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet-particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41.One food-as-medicine program net only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted（抽取）.The team at Stanford investigatedthe aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating （脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A)The sinking of land surface.B) The harm to the ecosystem.C) The damage to aquifers.D) The change of the climate.49.What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughtsB) They are entirely free from pollutants.D)They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too 抑^ 识出whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between live. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings sm arter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching 及decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。

2018年12月英语六级听力试题答案原文

2018年12月大学生英语六级考试真题卷一（听力部分）PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B) It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2. A) Physicists’ contribution to humanity.B) Stories about some female physicists.C) Historical evolution of modern physics.D) Women’s changing attitudes to physics.3. A)By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B) By describing her own life experiences.C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D) By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4. A) It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B) It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C) It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D)It provides experiments they can do themselves.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B) He does not know what kid of topic to write on.C) He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.B) It is outdated.C) It is challenging.D) It is interesting.7. A) Biography.B) Nature.C) Photography.D) Beauty.8. A) Improve his cumulative grade.B) Develop his reading ability.C) Stick to the topic assigned.D) List the parameters first.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the co rresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C) The unusual clod spell in the Arctic area in October.D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10. A) It has created a totally new climate pattern.B) It will pose a serious threat to many species.C) It typically appears about once every ten years.D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11. A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.C) Emigration of indigenous people.D) Better understanding of ecosystems.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A good start.B) A detailed plan.C) A strong determination.D) A scientific approach.13. A) Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B) Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D) It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14. A) They could keep on working longer.B) They could do more challenging tasks.C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D) They held more positive attitudes toward life.15. A) They are part of their nature.B) They are subject to change.C) They are related to culture.D) They are beyond control.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C) The jobs market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D) Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013.17. A) They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B) They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C) They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a single minute.D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18. A) It needs instructions throughout the process.B) It dose poorly on frequency, high-volume tasks.C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) The engineering problems with solar power.B) The generation of steam with the latest technology.C) The importance of exploring new energy sources.D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.B) Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C) Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.D) Cut-down the city’s energy consumption.21. A) Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B) Find a new material for storing energy.C) Recover super-heated steam.D) Collect carbon dioxide gas.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B) The impact of the current economics crisis at home and abroad.C) The poor management of day centres and home help services.D) The poor relation between national heath and social care services.23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B) It mainly caters to the need of privileged.C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24. A) Their longer lifespans.B) Fewer home helpers available.C) Their preference for private services.D) More of them suffering serious illness.25. A) They are unable to pay for health services.B) They have long been discriminated against.C) They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D) They have contributed a great deal to society.参考答案1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.2. B) Stories about some female physicists.3. C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.4. D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.5. D）He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.7. B) Nature.8. C) Stick to the topic assigned.9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.10. C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years.11. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.12. C) A strong determination.13. D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.14. A) They could keep on working longer.15. B) They are subject to change.16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.17. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.18. C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.19. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.21. B) Find a new material for storing energy.22. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.24. C) Their preference for private services.25. B) They have long been discriminated against.听力原文Conversation 1A: Hey, I just read a great book about physics. I think you‘d like it. It’s called the physics of the world. It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.B: Oh, I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.A: And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.B: I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors. I’ ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process.A: Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.B: Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.Question 1. what does the woman say about the book the man recommended?A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.Question 2. what can we find in the book the man recommended?B) Stories about some female physicists.Question 3. How does the author bring her book to life?C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.Question 4. How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics.D)It provides experiments they can do themselves.Conversation 2A: Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy. I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.B: Sure. I have quite a few students though. So can you remind me what your topic is?A: The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that’s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.B: Yeah，that’s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.A: Exactly. That’s what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.B: I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you’re interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right.A: Oh yeah, he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.B: Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. If you take a look at his biography. You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty. specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.A: Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I‘ll let you get back to class now.B: If there’s anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.Question 5. What is the man‘s problem?D) He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.Question 6. What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?A) It is too broadQuestion 7. What’s the man really more interested in?B) Nature.Question 8. What does the professor say the man has to do?C) Stick to the topic assigned.Passage 1During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland’ s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.Question 9. What did climate scientists describe as stunning?A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.Question 10. What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years.Question 11. What may occur in 20 years according to scientists’ recent observations?B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.Passage2A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it’s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. And if you want to increase that willpower, a new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we believe it’s a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people.Question 12. What is often necessary for carrying through a task?C) A strong determination.Question 13. What is the finding of the new study?D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.Question 14. What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?A) They could keep on working longer.Question 15. What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?B) They are subject to change.Lecture 1Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. In 2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. Over the past few years, we have made dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.Question 16. What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?A) About half of current jobs might be automated.Question 17. What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.Question 18. What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.Lecture 2We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. Can you run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawingtourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so. Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water for example a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.Question 19. What has the speaker previously talked about?D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.Question 20. What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?A) Drive trains with solar energy.Question 21. What has a Japanese research team tried to do?B) Find a new material for storing energy.Lecture 3Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services.Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. Even so, they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matter. However at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick olderpeople grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change. Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.Question 22. What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.Question 23. What does the speaker say about residential and community care?A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.Question 24. What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?C) Their preference for private services.Question 25. What does the speaker say about older people in England?B) They have long been discriminated against.。

2018年英语真题及答案

2018 xxxx英语试题卷第I卷第一部分理解（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How did the woman come?A. By airB. By train.C. By car2. Where does the man 1ive?A. In a town.B. In a city.C. In a vi11age3. Who can play the violin?A. George.B, Helen.C. Alice.4. How many students are there in the woman's schoo1?A. 330.B. 350.C. 370.5. What does the man mean?A. The bike is new.B. The bike is expensive .C. Thebike is heavy.第二节(共10小题,每小题2分,满分20分)听下面3xx对话或独白, 每xx对话或独自后有几个小題,从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置, 所每xx对话或独自前,你有时间各小题,每小题5秒钟. 听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每xx对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一xx对话.回答第6至第8三个小题.6. What are the two speakers talking about?A. Touring a schoo1.B. Visiting a museum.1. Having a picnic7. Which sign is mentioned in the conversation?8. What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Mom and son.B. Teacher and studentC. Waitress and customer听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11三个小题9. What is the woman?A. A restaurant ownerB. An interviewerC. A cafe waitress10. When do people in.New York usua11y go to restaurants?A. Between 5 and6 p.m.B. Between 7 and8 30 p.m.C. Between 8 and9 p.m.11. Which restaurants are getting popular with people in London?A. Indian restaurants.B. South American restaurantsC. Italian restaurants听下面一段独白.回答第12至第15四个小题.12. How many days does the speaker work every week?A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.13. Why does the speaker often eat a big lunch?A. He is very hungry.B. He is too busy for dinnerC. He really likes the food.14, What does the speaker often do to relax at night?A. Listen to musicB. Watch movies.C. Go shopping.15. What does the speaker think of his group members?A. Lonely but successfu1.B. Famous andprofessiona1.C. Hard--working and friendly第Ⅱ卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题.每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中选出最佳选项。

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班级__________ 姓名__________ 分数_______________职高一年级对口英语试题一，下列每组单词，只有一个符合所给汉语的意思，找出并将其标号写在题前括号内。

10’（）1．参观A．sight B．travel C．visit D．Follow（）2．职业的A．vocation B．vocational C．volleyball D．Volunteer（）3．跟随；跟得上A．follow B．fall C．fell D．following （）4．感觉A．feel B．food C．feet D．foot（）5．送；发送A．send B．lend C．borrow D．Give（）6．在周末A．on weekend B．at weekend C．on weekends D．at weekends （）7．进展A．make along B．get along C．put along D．set along （）8．权利，右边，正确的A．vote B．interest C．right D．left（）9．喜爱；欣赏；享受……的乐趣A．enjoy B．love C．like D．favorite （）10．不辞辛苦的，苦干的A．hardworking B．good-looking C．easy-going D．warm-hearted 二、单项选择20‘（）1．My father bought _____ a new bicycle.A．mine B．me C．my D．I（）2.There _____ more boys than girls in our classroom.A．is B．are C．have D．has（）3．Our English teacher is popular _____ the students of our class.A．for B．about C．with D．At（）4．There are _____ students playing games on the playground.A.hundreds of B．hundred of C．a hundred of D．Hundreds （）5．I will _____ Zhengzhou _____ Shanghai in two days.A．leave… for B．leave… to C．left…from D．leave… in （）6. _____ coat I bought yesterday is blue.A．An B．A C．The D．Which（）7. _____ mother is a doctor.A．Mary and Mike’s B．Mary’s and Mike’s C．Mary’s and Mike D．Mary and Mike （）8．On the table there are five _____.A．Tomato B．tomato C．Tomatoes D．pieces of tomato （）9．We are all busy _____ the entrance examination now.A．preparing for B．prepared to C．to prepare D．with preparing （）10．Our city is becoming _____ beautiful.A．more and much B．much and more C．much and much D．more and more 三、补充对话20’（）1．-- How are you getting along?-- ______________A．Good, and you? B．Quite well, thank you.C．Pleased to tell you. D．How do you do?（）2．-- Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.-- ___________ . You look well too.A．Great B．Thanks C．Oh, no D．Not at all（）3．-- Mum, I got the first place in the English Competition.-- ____________.A．Don’t be proud B．Congratulations! I’m proud of youC．Thank you D．Don’t mention it（）4．-- ____________, is anyone sitting here?-- Oh, no. You can take the seat.A．I’m sorry B．Excuse me C．Hi D．Well （）5．-- Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?-- __________, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.I’d like to B．I like C．I don’t D．I wil（）6．-- What day is it today?-- ___________ .A．July 27 B．Saturday C．The 27 of July D．Women’s Day（）7．-- ____________-- Yes, but a bit cold.A．Hot weather, isn’t it?B．Cold weather, isn’t it?C．Nice day, isn’t it?D．Bad weather, don’t you think?（）8．-- ____________.-- Thank you. I certainly will.A．Happy birthday to you B．Please remember me to your parentsC．Let me help you with your English D．Don’t forget to post the letter（）9．-- What does your classroom look like?-- ___________.A．It is over there B．It’s larg e and brightC．It is on the third floor D．I don’t like it（）10．-- Merry Christmas.-- ___________.A．Good luck B．Thank you. The same to youC．That’s all right D．Best wishes四，短语翻译10‘1，受。

欢迎 2，充满3在。

帮助下 4对。

表示关心5盼望着 6过的愉快7 兴高采烈地 8春节9太。

不能。

10做早操五、阅读理解20‘I’ve often heard students complain（抱怨）about having studied English for many years but still not being able to speak the language. My response（回答）is: Have you ever made any serious attempt to speak it? My first suggestion is: Make a serious, determined effort and be bold（大胆）when trying to speak English. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes or being l aughed at. Making mistakes is natural in the learning process. In China, the biggest problem for English learners is the lack（缺乏）of a helpful language learning environment（环境）. There is little chance of meeting or talking with native（本土的）speakers of English. There is often no easy access to English TV or radio programmes（节目）, or English newspapers and magazines. What’s to be done? The answer is: Try to create an environment. When you’re alone, try to practice reciting or reading aloud. You can read or recite（背诵）a text, a short story, or a poem（诗歌）.（）1．What does the author often hear students complain about?A．Having studied English for many years but still not being able to speak the language.B．Having too much homework after school.C．Spending too much time on studying English.D．Sleeping too little every day.（）2．What is the author’s response to these complaints?A．Have you ever made any serious attempt to speak it?B．Are you efficient at your studying?C．Do you spend too much time playing?D．What is your teacher’s advice?（）3．Don’t be afraid of ______ when trying to speak English.A．making mistakes B．practicing moreC．being laughed at D．Both A and C（）4．According to the text, which is NOT the problem in learning English in China?A．No easy access to English TV.B．No easy access to radio programmes.C．No easy access to school.D．No easy access to English newspapers.（）5．When you’re alone, try to practice _______ aloud.A．Readin B．Reciting C．Speaking D．Both A and B2Mr. Jones liked to be comfortable, so every time he took a train, he used to put his handbag on the seat next to him and pretended(假装) that it belonged to a friend who had gone to buy iazhuangsomething at the station.One day Mr. Jones did this when the train was very crowded（拥挤的）. At last, when all the vacant seats taken, an old man got on, looked at the handbag and asked, “Is this seat taken?”“Yes,” said Mr. Jones, “it belongs to （属于）my friend who has gone to buy some cigarettes（香烟）. He should be back here soon.” a nd he looked out of the window, pretending that he was worried about him. “All right,” said the old man, “I’ll just sit here until your friend returns, if you don’t mind.” Mr. Jones couldn’t say anything. Just then the train began to move out of the statio n. “Well,” said the old man, “What a pity! Your friend has missed the train, but his handbag is still here.” Before Mr. Jones could say anything, the old man took the handbag and threw out of the window.（）1．When Mr. Jones took a train, he usually occupied_______.A．one seat B．two seats C．three seats D．four seats （）2．Why didn’t the old man get a seat?A．Because he was too old to get one.B．Because Mr. Jones occupied all the seats.C．Because all the seats were occupied.D．Because he couldn’t see well.（）3．Mr. Jones said his friend_______.A．had gone to the dinner car.B．had gone to get some cigarettes.C．would come back no more.D．had found another seat.（）4．Why didn’t his friend appear?A．Because Mr. Jones was alone without his friend.B．Because the seat was already taken by the old man.C．Because his friend missed the train.D．Because the train started too early.（）5．Whom did the handbag belong to?A．The old man.B．Mr. Jones.C．Mr. Jones’ friend.D．The man next to Mr. Jones. 六，翻译下列句子20’1, 森林里有一只小熊和两只老虎。