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Sonix Technology Co., Ltd. v. Publications Interna
美国联邦巡回上诉法院（CAFC）对主观权利要求术语清楚性做出澄清在Sonix Technology Co., Ltd. v. Publications International, Ltd.案, 卷号16-1449 (Fed. Cir. Jan. 5, 2017)中，联邦巡回上诉法院推翻了地方法院根据35 USC§ 101 条款第二段，判定一项包含主观权利要求术语构成权利要求不清晰的决定。
35 USC§ 101 条款第二段指出，某程度上，专利中的权利要求书必须明确、清楚地指出作为发明的主体事项及其所要求的权利。
因此，为了满足这一规定的要求，权利要求应当清楚地定义要被专利所保护的主体事项的范围和界限。
权利要求是否符合该规定的要求（即，专利中的权利要求必须明确、清楚地指出作为发明的主体事项及其所要求的权利），其衡量标准是该技术领域的一般技术人员能否从权要求书的上下文理解权利要求的范围。
主观术语是指基于个人感觉、审美、意见或受这些影响的术语。
因此，主观术语没有一个精确的意思；相反，其意义依赖于解释该术语的人的意见。
这与客观术语正相反，客观术语是清晰的、基于事实而非解释的。
由于主观术语的意思灵活，根据35 USC§ 101 条款第二段，在主张发明的过程中使用主观术语可能会导致权利要求不清晰的问题。
Sonix Technology Co., Ltd. (简称“Sonix”) 是美国专利号No. 7,328,845专利的拥有人，该专利内容是一项使用一种图形指示物将物体表面信息编码的系统和方法（例如：一本书中的某一页）。
当一件物体表面的编码信息没有更新，‘845专利意图通过使图形指示物“视觉上可忽略”来改进传统方法。
在2013年，Sonix指控Publications International, Ltd., SD-X Interactive, Inc., Encyclopedia Brittannica, Inc., 和 Herff Jones, Inc.（统称为“被告公司”）侵犯‘845专利专利所主张的权利。
Spandidos Publications 旗下8个杂志信息
Aims & ScopeOncology LettersOncology Letters is a monthly, peer-reviewed journal, available in print and online, that focuses on all aspects of clinical oncology, as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental model systems relevant to the mechanisms of disease.The principal aim of Oncology Letters is to provide the prompt publication of original studies of high quality that pertain to clinical oncology, chemotherapy, oncogenes, carcinogenesis, metastasis, epidemiology and viral oncology in the form of original research, reviews and case reports.Oncology Letters has an impact factor of 1.554 (2014).Aims & ScopeInternational Journal of OncologyThe International Journal of Oncology provides an international forum for the publication of the latest, cutting-edge research in the broad area of oncology and cancer treatment. The journal accepts original high quality works and reviews on all a aspects of oncology research including carcinogenesis, metastasis, epidemiology, chemotherapy and viral oncology.Through fair and efficient peer review, the journal is dedicated to publishing top tier research in the field, offering authors rapid publication as well as high standards of copy-editing and production.The International Journal of Oncology is published on a monthly basis in both print and early online.The International Journal of Oncology has an impact factor of 3.025 (2014).Molecular and Clinical Oncology非SCIAims & ScopeExperimental and Therapeutic MedicineExperimental and Therapeutic Medicine aims to ensure the rapid publication, in both print and electronic format, of studies relating to biology, gene therapy, infectious disease, microbiology, molecular cardiology and molecular surgery. The journal welcomes studies pertaining to all aspects of molecular medicine, and relating to in vitro or in vivo experimental model systems relevant to the mechanisms of disease. All materials submitted to this journal undergo appropriate review via referees who are experts in this field. All materials submitted follow international guidelines with regards to approval of experiments on humans and animals.Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine has an impact factor of 1.269 (2014)Aims & ScopeInternational Journal of Molecular MedicineThe International Journal of Molecular Medicine is a monthly, peer-reviewed journal devoted to the publication of high quality studies related to the molecular mechanisms of human disease. The journal welcomes research on all aspects of molecular and clinical research, ranging from biochemistry to immunology, pathology, genetics, human genomics, microbiology, molecular pathogenesis, molecular cardiology, molecular surgery and molecular psychology.The International Journal of Molecular Medicine aims to provide an insight for researchers within the community in regard to developing molecular tools and identifying molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of a diverse number of human diseases.The International Journal of Molecular medicine has an impact factor of 2.088 (2014). Aims & ScopeBiomedical Reports 非SCIBiomedical Reports is a new, monthly, peer-reviewed journal, dedicated to publishing research across all fields of biology and medicine, including pharmacology, pathology, gene therapy, genetics, microbiology, neurosciences, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology and molecular surgery. The journal provides a home for original research, case reports and review articles.Aims & ScopeOncology ReportsOncology Reports is a monthly, peer-reviewed journal devoted to the publication of high quality original studies and reviews concerning a broad and comprehensive view of fundamental and applied research in oncology, focusing on carcinogenesis, metastasis and epidemiology.The journal is published in both print and electronic format.Oncology Reports has an impact factor of 2.301 (2014).。
知识产权英语词汇
abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请abridgment [ə'brɪdʒmənt]文摘词根：bridg=short,表示"短,缩短"abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼action of a patent 专利诉讼address for service 文件送达地址affidavit [ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt]宣誓书allowance [ə'laʊəns]准许amendment 修改[ə'men(d)m(ə)nt]annual fee 年费[ˈænjuəl fi:]annuity 年费[əˈnju:əti]anticipation 占先[ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn]appeal 上诉appellation of origin 原产地名称[ˌæpəˈleɪʃən ɔv ˈɔridʒin applicant for patent 专利申请人application date 申请日期application documents 申请案文件application fee 申请费application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请application number 申请号application papers 申请案文件arbitration 仲裁[ˌɑ:bɪˈtreɪʃn]art 技术article of manufacture 制品assignee 受让人[ˌæsaɪ'ni:]assignment 转让[ə'saɪnmənt]assignor 转让人author of the invention 发明人author's certificate 发明人证书basic patent 基本专利Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约英[bə:n,bɛən]美[bɚn, bɛrn]Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟best mode 最佳方式bibliographic data 著录资料[ˌbibliəˈɡræfik ˈdeitə]参考文献资料，目录资料着录资料；著录资料；书目数据BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局.board of appeals 申诉委员会breach of confidence 泄密Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit[dɪ'pɒzɪt]of Microorganisms ,maikrəu'ɔ:ɡənizəm]for the Purposes of Patent Procedure[prə'siːdʒə]国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约burden of proof 举证责任case law 判例法caveat 预告['kævɪæt; 'keɪ-]certificate of addition 增补证书certificate of correction 更正证明书certificate of patent 专利证书certified copy 经认证的副本Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘citation 引证[saɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]claim 权项classifier 分类员['klæsɪfaɪɚ]co-applicants 共同申请人co-inventors 共同发明人color coding 色码制commissioner 专利局长[kə'mɪʃ(ə)nə]Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约complete application 完整的申请案complete description 完整的叙述complete specification 完整的说明书comptroller 专利局长[kəm'trəʊlə; kɒmp-]compulsory license 强制许可证['laɪsns]conception 概念conception date 概念日期confidential application 机密申请confidential information 保密情报conflict award 冲突裁定conflict procedure 冲突程序[prə'siːdʒəconflicting applications 冲突申请案continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案contractual license 契约性许可证contributory infringement 简介侵犯[kən'trɪbjʊt(ə)rɪ] convention application 公约申请convention country 公约国convention date 公约日期Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约convention period 公约期限convention priority 公约优先权[praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ]copyright 版权correction slip 勘误表counter pleadings 反诉状counterclaim 反诉country code 国家代号cross license 交叉许可证data 资料data exchange agreement 资料交换协议data of application 申请日期date of grant 授予日期date of issue 颁发日期['ɪʃu:]date of patent 专利日期date of publication 公布日期dedication to the public 捐献于公众defendant 被告人defenses 辩护defensive publication 防卫性公告deferred examination 延迟审查dependent claim 从属权项dependent patent 从属专利Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司design patent 外观设计专利development 发展disclaimer 放弃权项disclosure 公开division 分案divisional application 分案申请domination patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期[djuˈreɪʃn]economic patent 经济专利effective filing date 实际申请日期employee’s invention 雇员发明EPO 欧洲专利局European Patent Office 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织esripouEuropean Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约evidence 证据examination 审查examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report 审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利[iks'paiəd]exploitation of a patent 实施专利[eksplɒɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用[eks,prəʊprɪ'eɪʃən]extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限fee 费用[ɪk'stenʃ(ə)n; ek-]FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会file copy 存档原件filing date 申请日期filing fee 申请费filing of an application 提出申请final action 终局决定书first-to-file principle 先申请原则first-to-invention principle 先发明原则force majeure 不可抗力[mæ'ʒɜ:foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查gazette 公报[ɡə'zet]Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约[dʒə'ni:və]grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权holder of a patent 专利持有人ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会[rɪˈtri:vl]IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会International Federation of Inventor’s Association 国际发明人协会联合会IBB 国际专利研究所Institut International des Brevets 国际专利研究所imitation 仿造impeachment 控告improvement 改进improvement patent 改进专利independence of patents 专利独立indication of source 产地标记indirect infringement 间接侵犯industrial applicability 工业实用性industrial design 工业品外观设计industrial property 工业产权information in the public domain 公开情报infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权infringement of a trade mark 侵犯商标权INID 著录资料识别码ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 著录资料识别码INPADOC 国际专利文献中心INSPEC 国际物理学和工程情报服务部insufficient disclosure 公开不允分intellectual property 知识产权interdependent patents 相互依存的专利interference procedure 抵触程序interlocutory injunction 中间禁止令interlocutory order 中间命令International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约International Patent Classification Agreement 国际专利分类协定International Preliminary Examining Authority 国际初审单位international protection 国际保护International Searching Authority 国际检索单位invalidation 无效invention 发明inventive step 独创性inventor 发明人inventor’s certificate 发明人证书IPC 国际专利分类International Patent Classification 国际专利分类issue of a patent 办法专利joint applicants 共同申请人joint invention 共同发明joint inventors 共同发明人joint patentees 共同专利权人journal 公报judgment 判决junior party 后申请方know-how 技术诀窍lapsed patent 已终止的专利lawsuit of a patent 专利诉讼legal person 法人legend 说明LES International 国际许可贸易执行人协会Licensing Executives Society International 国际许可贸易执行人协会letters patent 专利证书license 许可证license agreement 许可证协议license of course 当然许可证licensing 许可证贸易licensor 许可人Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 保护原产地名称及国际注册里斯本协定Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design 建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定loss of a patent 专利权的丧失Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 制止商品产地虚假或欺骗性标记马德里协定main patent 主专利maintenance fee 维持费marking 标记memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录method 方法microforms 微缩文件minimum documentation 最少限度检索文献minimum royalties 最低提成费misuse of patent 滥用专利权mixed license 混合许可证model laws 示范法most-favoured provision 最惠条款name of invention 发明名称national treatment 国民待遇natural person 自然人neighboring rights 邻接权new varieties of plants 植物新品种Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定non-examining countries 不审查制国家non-exclusive license 非独占性许可non-obviousness 非显而易见性non-use of a patent 不实施专利notary public 公正机关notice of infringement 侵权通知novelty 新颖性OAPI 非洲知识产权组织objection 异议office action 专利局审查决定书opposition 异议originality 独创性owner of a patent 专利所有人parent application 原申请Paris Convention 巴黎公约Paris Union 巴黎联盟patent 专利patent act 专利法patent agent 专利代理人patent applied for 已申请专利patent attorney 专利律师patent classification 专利分类patent documentation 专利文献patent documents 专利文件patent families 同族专利patent for an invention 发明专利patent law 专利法patent license 专利许可证patent number 专利号patent of addition 增补专利patent of confirmation 确认专利patent of importation 输入专利patent of introduction 引进专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent office 专利局patent pending 专利未决patent right 专利权patent rules 专利实施细则patent system 专利制度patentability 专利性patented invention 专利发明patentee 专利权人patenting 授予专利权PCT 专利合作条约PCT Union 专利合作条约pending application 未决申请period of a patent 专利有效期person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员petition 请求书petty patent 小专利plaintiff 原告人plant patent 植物专利pleadings 起诉状precautional patent 预告专利precedents 判例prescription 时效prevention of unfair competitionprincipal patent 主专利prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional specification 临时说明书publication 公布reclassification 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 请求书restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费Science Abstracts 科学文摘scientific discovery 科学发现scope of protection 保护范围seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 机密专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 普通许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specification 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承sufficiency of description 充分描述technical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时保护term of a patent 专利有效期世贸组织WTO WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定《GATT》 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS ANDTRADE亚太经济合作组织《APEC》ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议《TRIPS》 AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS世界知识产权组织《WIPO》 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF INTELLECTUALPROPERTY RIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARIS CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定 MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS商标注册条约《TRT》 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION TREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THEPURPOSE OF THE REGISTRATION OF MARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNA AGREEMENT FOR ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS OF MARKS专利合作条约《PCT》 PATENT CO－OPERATION TREATY共同体专利公约 COMMUNITY PATENT CONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定《SA》 STRASBOURG AGREEMENT工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNO AGREEMENT ON ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会（SCT） STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON THE LAW OF TRADEMARK， INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND GEOGRAPHICALINDICATION国际专利文献中心《INPADOC》INTERNATIONAL PATENT DOCUMENTATION CENTER欧洲专利局《EPO》 EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE欧洲专利公约 EUROPEAN PATENT CONVENTION比荷卢商标局 TRADE MARK OFFICE OF BELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY国际商标协会 THE INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK ASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA英国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND美国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA日本商标法 JAPANESE TRADEMARK LAW商标 TRADE MARK商标局 TRADE MARK OFFICCE商标法 TRADE MARK LAW文字商标 WORD MARK图形商标 FIGURATIVE MARK组合商标 ASSOCIATED MARK保证商标 CERTIFICATION MARK集体商标 COLLECTIVE MARK驰名商标 WELL－KNOWN MARK著名商标 FAMOUS MARK近似商标 SIMILAR MARK防御商标 DEFENSIVE MARK服务标记 SERVICE MARK注册商标 REGISTERED MARK商标注册申请人 TRADE MARK REGISTRANT注册申请日 APPLICATION DATE OF TRADE MARK注册申请号 APPLICATION NUMBER商标注册证 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE商标注册号 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION NUMBER商标注册日 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION DATE 商标注册簿 TRADE MARK REGISTERED BOOK注册有效期 THE TERM OF VALIDITY商标注册官 EXAMINATION FOR TRADE MARK REGISTRATION注册查询 TRADE MARK ENQUIRIES注册续展 RENEWAL OF TRADE MARK分别申请 SEPARATE APPLICATION重新申请 NEW REGISTRATION别行申请 NEW APPLICATION变更申请 APPLICATION REGARDING CHANGES注册代理 TRADE MARK AGENCY注册公告 TRADE MARK PUBLICATION申请注册 APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION续展注册 RENEWAL OF REGISTRATION转让注册 REGISTRATION OF ASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项 MODIFICATION OF NAME ／ADDRESS OF REGISTRANT／OTHER MATTERS补发商标证书 REISSUANCE OF REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE注销注册商标 REMOVAL证明 CERTIFICATION异议 OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案 RECORDAL OF LICENSE CONTRACT驳回商标复审 REVIEW OF REFUSED TRADEMARK驳回续展复审 REVIEW OF REFUSED RENEWAL驳回转让复审 REVIEW OF REFUSED ASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审 REVIEW OF ADJUDICATION ON OPPOSITION异议复审 REVIEW OF ADJUDICATION ON OPPOSITION争议裁定 ADJUDICATION ON DISPUTED REGISTERED TRADEMARK 撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATION ON CANCELLATION OF IMPROPERLY REGISTERED TRADEMARK撤销注册不当复审 REVIEW ON CANCELLATION OF IMPROPERLY REGISTERED TRADEMARK处理商标纠纷案件 DEALING WITH INFRINGEMENT优先权 PRIORITY注册申请优先日 DATE OF PRIORITY注册商标使用人 USER OF REGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO USE REGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标的转让 ASSIGNMENT OF REGISTERED TRADE MARK商标的许可使用 LICENSING OF REGISTERED TRADE MARK使用在先原则 PRINCIPLE OF FIRST TO USE注册在先原则 PRINCIPLE OF FIRST APPLICATION商标国际分类 INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS专利 PATENT 专利权 PATENT RIGHT 专利权人 PATENTEE专利代理 PATENT AGENCY 产品专利 PRODUCT PATENT专利性 PATENTABILITY专利申请权 RIGHT TO APPLY FOR A PATENT实用新颖 UTILITY MODEL 专有性 MONOPOLY专利的新颖性 NOVELTY OF PATENT专利的实用性 PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY专利的创造性 INVENTIVE专利文件 PATENT DOCUMENT专利申请文件 PATENT APPLICATION DOCUMENT专利请求书 PATENT REQUEST专利说明书 PATENT SPECIFICATION专利要求书 PATENT CLAIM专利证书 LETTER OF PATENT商标淡化法 TRADEMARK DILUTION ACT商标权的权利穷竭 EXHAUSTION TRADEMARK平行进口 PARALLEL IMPORT灰色进口 GRAY IMPORT反向假冒 REVERSE PASSING－OFF显行反向假冒 EXPRESS REVERSE PASSING－OFF隐形反向假冒 IMPLIED REVERSE PASSING－OFF附带使用 COLLATERAL USE知识产权 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY工业产权 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY外观设计 DESIGN发明 INVENTION发明人 INVENTOR货源标记 INDICATION OF SOURCE原产地名称 APPELLATION OF ORIGIN （AOS）地理标记 GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION （GI）1.A patent is a governmental grant of an exclusive monopoly as an incentive and a reward for a new invention.专利权是政府对一项新发明授予的独立性权利，以给予发明鼓励和奖励。
Getting Yourself on the Shortlist
Getting Yourself on the Shortlist: Observations and Thoughts on the Job Search From the Perspective of Members of a Faculty Search CommitteeSpencer Hall (sprhall@) and Leonie Moyle (lmoyle@)Department of Biology, Indiana UniversityJanuary 2007Introduction and Caveats:This document is an informal collection of observations from two faculty members who have recently served on a faculty search committee (Ecological/Evolutionary Genetics, Fall 06). It is meant as a resource for graduate students and post-docs who intend to apply to faculty jobs at research universities such as Indiana.Readers should realize that this informal document contains information that is highly opinionated and skewed to observations of individuals in this search and for jobs at institutions like Indiana. So, the advice should be taken skeptically, in the context of other advice offered by mentors, colleagues, etc. By no means is this document endorsed officially by Biology or IU.A guiding theme throughout this document:Review of your application in the early round is *extremely* superficial.meaning that searchers cannot spent large amounts of time on any one application when faced with a filing cabinet full of them. Sad but true. Given this reality, your goal as a candidate is to get your application past the first couple of rounds of review.Here are some thoughts on applications – those that made it to the short list, and those that did not.(1). Publications:Publications offer an absolutely crucial index by which we judge applications. However, it is important to appreciate that search committee members look at them very superficially (shockingly so), particularly until we narrow the candidates to approximately the top ten. Here are some observations:(A). Number: we quickly eliminated junior candidates who have not published at least 5-6 papers. (This number is not a rule – it may vary a lot with institution and with the degree of match of your interests to those of the search). This does not mean that people with 1-4 publications should not apply to jobs (since that can be a valuable experience). Just consider that your application may receive about 2 minutes of review time by the committee.(B). Rate: We typically looked for solid publication rate over several years since candidates received their PhD (the clock definitely starts ticking once minted with the degree). We were typically most impressed by publication of several papers per year over 1-3 years post PhD. Such a rate, established over several years, is important because it indicates to us that the candidate will continue to produce over time. In general, unless a junior candidate is truly outstanding, they are unlikely to get an interview at a research one university without at least 1strong first-authored publication from their postdoctoral work. You should bear this in mind when considering your publication priorities while postdoc'ing.(C). Quality: Quantity is definitely not everything – quality is very important because it offers an index for potential impact and broadness of appeal of the applicant’s science. Publications in Nature and Science are great, of course, but not necessarily required (i.e., Spencer has none as of Dec 2006). Great candidates publish in the top journals of their field. For Spencer, those journals are e.g., Ecology, Ecology Letters, and American Naturalist. For Leonie, these would include Genetics, Evolution, Molecular Ecology, MBE, and Am, Nat. Aim to send your work to similarly appropriate journals when possible. (Sending papers to these journals will mean receiving rejections from time to time, which is inevitable – but you cannot publish there if you do not submit them to these journals). Many papers published in minor journals do not necessarily help if unaccompanied by papers in those top disciplinary journals (they might even hurt a little bit). Book chapters do not count for much (in the eyes of the committee).(D). Nature and Science: High profile papers are very valuable, but surprisingly, they are not everything. For instance, a Science paper does not grant you an interview necessarily (although sometimes this can be institution- or even committee-dependent). Several of our candidates who did not make the shortlist had published in those journals – these top papers must be accompanied with a solid publication record, and in Spencer’s opinion, examples of deeper thinking that often permitted by space restrictions of the Science/Nature format. Also, be aware that papers published in PNAS may not impress committee members as much as you’d think IF a co-author of the paper is a member of the National Academy. (Academy members can submit papers through a different – and easier –route to PNAS). Leonie believes that two strong papers that establish your credentials, and your future research potential in a field, can often be regarded more favorably than a single Science or Nature article that has no future research legs. Overall, the publication list (as the rest of the application) should establish the impression that you have a long-term successful and influential career in science ahead of you.(2). Cover letter:The selection committee may have 100-200 applications to read. Thus, early on in the process, they may look at cover letters and then move straight to CVs to look at publications and grants. Given this superficial treatment, it is crucial that your cover letter:* occupy only 1-1.5 pages (not a long two or three pages),* get straight to the point about your research program* give the search committee a “label” for you – they need some way to categorize you, so give yourself a label that is useful to the committee given the nature of the search. (For the search that hired Spencer: “I am a community ecologist who studies the interface of food web interactions and disease using experiments, observations, and mathematical theory”). The committee should not have to puzzle over what it is that you do.* is easy to read, especially for non-specialists of your sub-discipline. It should have broad appeal. (For instance, if you study evolutionary genomics, can an ecologist understand your cover letter? An ecologist might be on the search panel. Of course, the reverse is completely true, too – can a genomics expert understand your letter about ecosystem processes?).* conveys enthusiasm for your research and for the position available (without appearing like a sycophant or using excessive punctuation!!!!)The cover letter is a balancing act – you want to present yourself confidently but not in a way that turns off or irritates the committee members. So, sell yourself, but avoid calling yourself “the ideal candidate”, excessively praising the novelty and impact of your work, or over emphasizing money you’ve brought in – unless it truly is special (e.g., you won a NSF grant as a grad student). Your letters of recommendation should say that you walk on water, so you do not have to say that about yourself.If you are worried that your letter seems too generic, adding one line that is specifically relevant to the institution to which you are applying, (e.g. "I am particularly enthusiastic about the opportunities offered by IU's IGERT program in 'Evolution, Genomics, and Development') can be helpful.(3). Post-docs:Unless the application is truly amazing, we really like to see that candidates have post-doctoral experience. This time spend post-docing offers an opportunity to establish and maintain a track record of publications. Many potentially promising people were eliminated because they just did not have enough experience. So, plan on getting yourself a great post-doc or two – those that allows you to continue developing as a scientist but also allows you to keep publishing at a competitive rate. Remember: being a post-doc is (can be) wonderful…… but be aware that you can post-doc too long. “Too long” depends upon the nature of the job market. However, the search committee begins to worry about candidates who have been post-docing for many years more than the norm. It makes us wonder “what is wrong with this candidate, why can’t (s)he find a job, etc.”(4). Make a webpage:If you apply to a job, make sure that the search committee can easily find your webpage. If you do not have a webpage, make one – make one right now – you can throw up a very simple and basic one very quickly (e.g., look at Spencer’s very plain one). You may not expect it, but we want to see who you are, what you look like, how you present yourself, etc. Everyone needs a webpage.(5). CVs:Make your CV easy to read and present the key information up front. Search committee members initially want to know about two main things, money and publications. They should easily see, without searching through your CV, how many pubs you have, which journals, and how much money your research program has been awarded (which is probably more key for more established candidates). List your papers in reverse chronological order – most recent papers first. Make it obvious where your name appears in the author string (bolding, underlining).This means: do not put papers presented at conferences, service to departments or organizations, etc., before money and publications.Also, try to avoid the temptation to include everything from your academic past in your professional CV. Unless it is extremely prestigious, or directly relevant to the job being applied for, the committee is unlikely to care about an award you received as a college freshman, for example. Including these kinds of elements can create an impression of academic immaturity.(6). Research and teaching statements:Research statements: Several of the comments written about cover letters apply here. In additional, make sure that:* a broad audience can understand your statements (the genomics-ecologist comment above)* it contains a solid statement about your future research directions – this is vital, since the committee must get the sense that your program is going somewhere in the next 5 year – and if you will be able to score a major grant. Weak statements of future direction can hurt candidates, especially young ones. (Remember that search committees have to gamble somewhat on academically young candidates, so do everything you can to reduce risk for them by writing a clear, compelling, concise, tangible statement of your future plans). In the research statement, as in the rest of the application, you are trying to convey a concrete sense of your future potential and the novelty of your projected contributions to the field.* Consider adding pictures, cartoons, or easy-to-digest figures to your statements. Searchers have to read many of them, so anything that can capture the imagination of the reader can help your application.Teaching statements:* Spencer is embarrassed to say that he spent very little time reading over these. For institutions like Indiana, they probably do not get as much attention as other portions of the application.* Nonetheless, it is still wise to write this section carefully, since certain search members may care passionately about, say, interest in undergraduate teaching.* There are many potential ways to write a teaching statement, and these are possibly the most variable components of a job application (see notes about these in the job guides, links below). However, unless you are applying for a position at a teaching college, resist the temptation to spend 1.5 pages waxing lyrical about your "exuberant desire to nurture the minds of a future generation of scientists…" etc., etc.. Chances are that this will not be appreciated by a busy search committee. In Leonie's opinion, for an application to a research one institution it is more useful to:1. clearly identify your past teaching experience (including AI positions, guest lectures, etc. as well as any individual classes you might have developed or taught)2. clearly identify several 'core' courses that you would like to teach and/or are qualified to teach (be careful to not claim you can teach, for example, ecology, if you are a molecular biologist);3. outline 2 to 3 brief synopses of potential upper-level undergraduate or graduate level courses that you would like to teach.* For other types of institutions, especially teaching schools, it might be worthwhile researching their specific teaching philosophy and incorporating key elements into your statement. These philosophies are often summarized somewhere on the institution’s website.* It is worth looking at classes taught by existing faculty at the institution to which you are applying – for instance, it does not pay to inadvertently indicate that you want to steal a committee member’s speciation or theoretical ecology class. Consider saying which classes you would like to teach (which might include speciation or theoretical ecology), and what opportunities you see available at the particular institution (probably not speciation at IU). (7). Recommendation Letters:For junior candidates, that haven't necessarily established a national reputation or a long string of publications, letters of recommendation can be quite influential for search committees. Make sure that you ask for letters of recommendation from people who are, first, appropriate for you and, second, likely to write you a strong letter. This requires that you have a reasonably strong (and positive) relationship with at least three academics, preferably four. Bear this in mind during your graduate school career. Think twice about asking a recommender for a letter that you suspect may not glow. There is no faster kiss of death for an application than a negative (or even flat/tepid) letter from a recommender.Except in very rare circumstances, the committee is expecting your graduate and postdoctoral advisors to be among your recommenders. In fact, it looks very strange when they do not write you a letter.It is also good to avoid making the search committee chase down your recommenders for letters. To do this, ask for your letters early (well before the due date), provide clear contact details for where the letters should be sent, and send them a friendly reminder a week before the due date.(8). Miscellaneous:Interpersonal stuff – the world of Ecology and Evolution is a very small one. People know each other, from meetings, from grad school, through the grapevine. Appreciate that fact that everyone with whom you interact at meetings, at school, etc., will form opinions of you – and that can help you or hurt you. So, just consider how you act in professional settings as a student and post-doc. This does not mean to constantly act in a political manner … but it does mean that if you are a jerk, arrogant, or difficult to get along with, the search committee may/probably will find out about it through their networks of friends and colleagues. Remember: groups want to hire great scientists who are also will be personable colleagues. It also means that the more‘exposure’ you have at conferences – giving talks or posters, or meeting with people – the greater the chances that someone on the search committee will have already heard about your great research before they see your application.More on the gossip mill/job circuit – Also please be aware that people talk to their friends all of the time about jobs – who has what job, who applied, etc. This means that it is important to do your best when you interview at institutions and be on your best behavior (see Alan Tessier’s thoughts on the socio-intellectual side of interviewing [PDF] for some helpful hints here)… evenif you discover that you really dislike the institution where you are interviewing once on the ground. Please realize that people *talk* about interviews that went particularly badly. Bad interviews can undermine your chances at getting more interviews.More resources – On Spencer’s Grad Resources page [HTML], there are some fantastic guides for academic job searches, check them out:(1) Anurag Agrawal’s extensive and wonderful guide [PDF](2) Armin Moczek’s equally great and complementary guide [PDF](3) Alan Tessier’s thoughts on the socio-intellectual side of interviewing [PDF](4) A complimentary list of questions to ask while interviewing [PDF]。
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EPUBPublications3.0_中文
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Trans Tech Publications 摄像头准备文档说明书
Exploration of the Classic Occupation Career Education Resource Sharing System in CollegeBased on the NetworkGao Yan*JiLin Engineering Normal University, Changchun,Jilin, Chinae-mail:******************** Corresponding AuthorZhang Na College of Art and Design Shenyang Jianzhu University Shenyang ,ChinaAbstract—This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc. There should be 60 pounds of space above the caption and 6 pounds of space below it before the text continues. There should be 6 pounds of space above other information of the author, such as name, address and so on. Corresponding author is optional.Keywords-Occupation；Career Education；Classic Resource； Sharing System；Network.；I.I NTRODUCTIONIn 2011, "the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Finance on the" Twelfth Five Year Plan "period to implement" the undergraduate teaching quality and teaching reform "opinion" and "the implementation of opinions" of the Ministry of education of national high-quality course construction requirements: To firmly establish the initiative for the social service consciousness, to carry out a full range of services. Occupation education resources such as the exemplary major should be opened training base, professional model, famous teachers and classes, high-quality courses etc. So they can provide the occupation education and skill training for all types of students.Higher requirement was put forward to college for the actively serve the society by recently policy. The requirement of the opening teaching resource is very clear and specific. It’s necessary to develop the occupational career education to provide the excellent teaching resource to satisfy the demand of the teaching reform.II.C URRENT DEMANDA. Demand Of high-quality resource occupation careereducation of college studentsIt has a history of one hundred years of abroad that the occupation career education has formed a special theoretical system by putting forward to the theory concept and completing it. The domestic universities also gradually introducing foreign occupation career planning theory and occupation career guidance thought, few universities set up the occupation career guidance center in the school, providing career guidance comprehensive service to students. The college students’career guidance is still in the primary stage in the theory and practice by the relatively started late since the late of economic system reform.College students pay more attention to the self occupation career development and more management, they aware of the importance of the establishment of their own development goal, they are glad to establishment of long-time development target and table by thinking about the relationship of future ideal occupation and their major.The aim of the occupation and career education is to stimulate students’occupation career development consciousness, to establish a correct concept of employment and to guide students to construct their own occupation career planning by understanding the relationship between their major and their future occupation, so they can respond to their future career. It’s a logical starting of the occupation career education resources to provide quality products for the increasing urgent demand, it’s also an urgent requirement of college should output the excellent occupation career education so it can satisfy the demand of students’ and the society by college education system and training system and the guidance system in network monitoring management sharing platform. The colleges should take the open to the society boutique resources occupation career education as their mission and responsibility.B.Demand of college occupation career educationteaching and practice teaching reformUnitsOccupation career planning education in China has just started pushing by the National Ministry in order toInternational Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2016)comply with the requirements of the socialist market economy and is currently in the perceptual stage of development. The development path of occupation career planning education is along with the knowledge education-quality education-choosing a career and obtains employment-innovation-entrepreneurship education.Study of the occupation career planning education is transiting from analysis of the concept, origin, expounding the importance of education to education, teaching, principle, method, path and pattern. We should take through the problems of current college occupation and career planning education and actively explore the contraction of sharing system of college students’career planning education. To set the guidance from the specialized agencies, establish the professional guidance teachers, promote the sharing platform service full coverage of the network, set up the course system of the scientific and reasonable construction, set up a complete career planning theory and practice teaching system and carry out a occupation career planning education of whole process, personalized, marketing so put forward the effective path of college students’occupation career planning education sharing system.The high-quality resource sharing system of occupation career education is the need of culturing excellent applied and technical talent; it’s a very important part of the talent training and practicing system. It’s irreplaceable in guiding students to link theory with practice, raising the students’practical ability and innovation ability. The construction of high-quality resource sharing system of occupation career education will effectively promote the reform of experiment teaching content, teaching system, teaching method and means. It’s very important to improve the quality of students and raise more high level occupation skill talents.III.C OLLEGE HIGH-QUALITY RESOURCE OF OCCUPATION CAREER EDUCATION S YSTEM REFORMIn recent years, Japanese universities take a curriculum reform according to the school and professional characteristics. Such as the Mustachio University established occupation career education curriculum system composed of occupation career education pandect which including the basic course, self understanding course and social understanding course, and single theory which involving professional courses in all fields.In addition, University and society courses of the Hokkaido University, occupation and self realization course selection of Hiroshima University, Wakayama University occupation society and qualification system course. Students of these universities master the basic knowledge of society and social skills which can help students better understand the social and adapt society.The opening occupation career course resource construction and operation showing a variety patterns and ways which beginning to “open education” upgrading in America. Open occupation career education resources construction mode, application mode and operation develop from displaying their teaching resources to provide network course for teaching, continuing education and the social learning. Those schools that open to all the occupation career course syllabus and teaching plan on the website are supervising the quality of curriculum autonomy with the simple and effective way. The construction of the domestic occupation career education excellent resources system should draw lessons from foreign occupation career education mature theory teaching and practice teaching system, here take my school as an example to explore sharing constitute and reform of system resources occupation career education quality.A.Background of the quality occupation careereducation resource sharing system reform The development of occupation career education is an important way to promote economic development, promoting employment, improve people's livelihood and a key to ease the contradiction between labor supply and demand structures.Occupation career education focus on the occupation skill and employment ability and students' occupation moral. The regulations is employee based on the training, to establish and perfect the theory and practice of occupation career education system and encouraging graduates continuing learning, to improve the employment ability of graduate’s occupation and broaden the channel of continue learning.B.Contents of the quality occupation career educationresource sharing system reformOccupation career education excellent resource sharing system reform is to improve the teaching resource center and occupation career education training center for students, , as shown in figure 1.Firstly we should construct the te achers’ occupation career education of teaching resource center: some basic resources are nursery to be constructed completely, the course introduction, teaching outline, teaching calendar, evaluation methods and standards, study guide, teaching plan (presentation), the problem sets, exams, example, courseware, teaching case, media material, learning manual, electronic materials, experiment and practice training, simulation training, experimental animation, common problems, expert lectures, students' works, documents, terms, introduction and teaching video course should be involved. At the same time, vigorously curriculum resources should be developed. In addition, the case library, including library, lecture material database, knowledge retrieval system, demonstrating the virtualsimulation experiment training system, database system, operation system, online self testing examination system, teaching software and other auxiliary resources also should be developed.The second, the constriction of students’ ca reer planning education training center should involve laboratory and some sets of experimental instruments. There should set occupation career planning simulation training room, recruitment and interview simulation training room, training room, combat simulation of entrepreneurship students innovative thinking ability of training room, training room, ERP sand table simulation training room, student venture evaluation of students' innovative combat simulation training room, training room in the center.IV.R ESULTSA.To develop a new high-quality college careereducation sharing systemThe new high-quality college career education sharing system namely to take the course construction, teachers team construction, evaluation system establishment, practice training implementation, network sharing service as a whole. The five factors mutual support and complement each other that the curriculum structure is the guidance, the teachers’ team construction is pilot and security, job evaluation is a means, practice is the carrier, network service is the developing direction, they are with strong scientific and practical in practice.The aim is to guide the students to understand the method of occupation career planning, guide the students to plan their occupation career in advance during the college, to adapt to the social development and changes in every aspect of the occupation target, comprehensive quality, mental status, to definite the occupation development goals so to prepare a adequate knowledge and skills according to their own development goals, then they can master career skills and techniques and improve the skills and social cognitive ability through the system in order to get a space for one person in the fierce occupation post the competition.At the same time, network tutoring should be taken to the students about the working process of the occupation career development, and try to achieve beneficial for college graduates occupation career self-monitoring, self management and self development.B.To improve the occupation career education theoryteaching and practice systemIn theory teaching, occupation career education should introduce "six dynamic teaching mode", that means the task driven, teaching, interest drive, transmission affects reflection, practice, operation pull linkage.The six dynamic teaching mode is through the arrangement of each class is reasonable in theory in the teaching content to make the students understand the teaching task to improve the teaching content, teachers should know about the knowledge and skills students should master before the class in the teaching process through each course. Teachers should ensure the students fully integrate into the class and try to increase interest in learning. Teachers should profound consideration about each class so can reflect the learning effect, after the completion of the theoretical teaching for students, lead them to actively participate in practice, such as through the occupation career planning course book design to help students better understand the content of the course. Each time after the class teachers should arrange necessary homework, teachers provide students with regular counseling and coaching through the network so can help them solving the practical problems and understanding the next course content so let the students prepare the next course. Colleges should put the occupation career education with professional education and comprehensive quality education for improving their employment and entrepreneurship capacity.In addition, colleges should strengthen the education practice, highlight the effectiveness, improve the teaching practical ability, innovation ability and the ability of teaching reflection. The basic resources course should be completed construct, while develop the distinctive curriculum resource. By the form of career training, human-computer interaction, micro teaching, experience to explore the development rules of occupation career and construct the characteristic occupation education practice teaching system to provide the conditions to the graduates in the occupation career management to facilitate the timely monitoring and evaluation in the work.The establishment of the education system, not only can provide a high level experimental teaching and academic competition platform for college students, it also provide the open network environment so the college graduates' can better manage their occupation career, at the same time, it also provides the scientific research and test platform for teachers, provide the necessary conditions for the discipline construction, lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of high quality technical talents of application.C.C.To build a professional teachers guidance andstudents' self-managementThrough the assistant of the counselors, students can actively planning career self cognition research and formulate reasonable career planning, finally they get the self adjustment ability and finally promote students' career development goal activity.The aim is guide the students to survey the internal relationship between occupation and life development by a wild field of vision and evaluate the various development resources the students owned so they can confirm how to select and plan their occupations so to realize the effective interaction by promoting the development of individual autonomy between the individual and society.V.CONCLUSIONSObviously, through the occupation career education sharing quality resources system introduced to the college can change the single training method of current training such as myopic, narrow, single training method and complete students’ comprehensive development.At the same time, we can better guide the college students’ occupation career development by improving the college high-quality occupation career planning education sharing system and complete current fragmented, isolated, the fault type of student management system, so to realize the continuous information and sharing, can make better career development counseling for students, let them havea clear plan for their own career development, to help students to clear their own position, so they can find a suitable location in the future work and life.REFERENCES[1]Liu Wenming. 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