vocabulary review and translation exercises
八年级英语复习课件
Analyze the introduction to identify the main points and structure of the article
Body Paragraph Analysis
Examine the body paragraphs to identify the main ideas, supporting details, and transitions
Grammar Review
Mastering basic grammar rules
Systematically review the grammar knowledge of eighth grade English, including tense, voice, tone, sentence structure, etc. By analyzing example sentences, practicing, and simulating situations, help students proficiently master and apply grammar rules.
answer analysis
目录
01
Review goals and plans
Reviewing goals
Improving reading comprehension
By reading a variety of texts, students will increase their ability to understand and analyze written materials
03
Vocabulary and Word Means: Define or choose the best definition for a given word or phrase
大学英语新四级试卷分析
Summarize key ideas and arguments in your own words to ensure understanding
04
Identify and analyze important evidence or examples provided in the text
Listening comprehension
Difficulty analysis
This section mainly tests the candidate's understanding and application ability of listening materials. Listening materials may include lectures, interviews, news reports, etc., covering a wide range of topics and fields.
03 Analysis of Reading Section
Quick reading
01
02
03
04
05
Quick reading: This type of reading aids to skim the text quickly to get the main idea or gift It helps the reader to identify the topic, structure, and key points of the text
Response strategy: Candidates should learn to grasp key information and themes, and pay attention to the turning points and logical relationships of the dialogue. At the same time, it is necessary to improve listening concentration and avoid anxiety caused by a large amount of information.
U6 grm and tr
Towards a Gender Free Society
Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement
Put the following into passive. 1. It gives them the opportunity to know each other and compete with each other. _____________________________________________________ They are given the opportunity to know each other and compete _____________________________________________________ with each other. Explanation: When the verb in the active voice takes two objects, it is more usual to make the indirect (personal) object the subject of the passive verb. 2. Their permanent identifying attribute “sex” predetermines their social roles and identity. Their social roles and identity are predetermined by their _____________________________________________________ permanent identifying attribute “sex”. _____________________________________________________ Explanation: In a passive sentence the doer is very often not mentioned. When it is necessary to mention the doer, it is preceded by by.
英语同声传译 初试参考书目
英语同声传译初试参考书目English: For those preparing for English simultaneous interpreting exams, a comprehensive approach to studying is essential. Start with building a strong foundation in both languages, ensuring fluency and a broad vocabulary. Practice listening and speaking in various contexts, focusing on clarity, speed, and accuracy. Familiarize yourself with different accents, dialects, and speech patterns. Additionally, study the specific terminology and vocabulary related to the fields you're likely to encounter in your interpreting work, such as politics, economics, and technology. It's also crucial to develop note-taking skills that allow you to capture key points quickly and accurately. Practice interpreting in real-time, using recordings or live speeches, and seek feedback to improve your performance. Finally, stay updated with current events and trends in both languages to be prepared for any topic that may arise during an interpreting assignment.中文翻译: 准备英语同声传译考试的人，需要采取全面的学习方法。
A_Corpus-Based_Study_on_the_Translators’_Styles_in
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, September 2023, Vol. 13, No. 9, 643-649doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2023.09.003A Corpus-Based Study on the Translators’ Stylesin the English Versions of The True Story of Ah-QSUN Huan-niUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaThe True Story of Ah-Q written by Lu Xun has been translated into forty different languages, making greatcontributions to the external dissemination of Chinese culture. This paper adopts the corpus stylistics method toanalyze the translators’ styles presented by William A. Lyell and Julia Lovell’s translations of Ah-Q. Based onthe self-built comparable corpus of the two translations, the paper investigates and analyzes them from the lexicaland sentence level. In terms of vocabulary, the translations are statistically analyzed from the standardizedtype-token ratio, word frequency, word length and vocabulary density; at the sentence level, the article studies theaverage sentence lengths and sentence complexity. The first major finding is that Lovell’s vocabulary is richerthan that of Lyell, and Lovell’s average word length is longer. Also, the average sentence length of bothtranslations exceeds the original text, and Lovell has the highest average sentence length. Secondly, Lovellprefers to use simple sentences while Lyell prefers complex sentences. Nevertheless, both of them strive to makeLu Xun’s works understandable to foreign readers, thus understanding Chinese culture better.Keywords:The True Story of Ah-Q, corpus stylistics method, translators’ stylesIntroductionThis thesis attempts to conduct a corpus-based analysis on two English versions of The True Story of Ah-Q, with qualitative and quantitative analysis, in order to access the characteristics and difference between two foreign translators and find out the reasons. What’s more, by comparing the relations among the two translators’ background, native culture, translation strategies and norms, it may shed light for other translators concerned Lu Xun’s works, and also enables readers to choose a version right for them to understand. In addition, based on the deeper study and discussion with the help of the self-built corpus, the thesis can provide some suggestions to facilitate the output of Chinese culture to the rest of the world as well as enhance our cultural self-confidence.Theoretical Foundations and MethodologyAs a critical research topic of corpus translation, there are two contrast modes concerning translator style: one is the translator style proposed by Baker (2000), which is the research based on analogy focusing on theSUN Huan-ni, postgraduate student, Master of Translation and Interpreting, University of Shanghai for Science andTechnology.A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q 644overall translation style differences among different translations, such as vocabulary diversity and sentence complexity. Another is the study of translator style based on parallel corpus, which pays attention to the regular handling of language phenomena in the same source text by different translators in their respective translations, such as different processing of source text narrative styles.Therefore, this thesis adopts both the modes above—analog mode and parallel mode. Baker’s research method only focuses on the translator’s translation text, and the analysis process pays a particular emphasis on the translator’s subconscious language behavior (Baker, 2000, pp. 241-266), usually without considering the corresponding source text. Regardless of which mode, the studies complement Baker’s methodology from different angles. For this reason, we might as well put aside the strict distinction and expand the scope of research, paying attention to the different treatments of special phenomena in the source text or source language in their translated text.In addition, this paper adopts a method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, namely, the quantitative analysis stresses on the words in the form of number. And qualitative analysis aims to identify variables for further study as well as formulate future hypothesis.The research method is an organic combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Sara Laviosa-Braiwaite points out that Corpus translation research paradigm covers different aspects of translation phenomena, intending to reveal the universal and specific characteristics of translation through the interaction between theoretical construction and hypothesis, various data, new description categories, and rigorous and flexible method (Braithwaite, 1996).Data Analysis and ResultsDiscussion at Lexical LevelVocabulary is usually considered as one of the most significant parameters, which can lead to a more detailed discussion about some features of words and then reflect distinctive translator’s style, including such main parameters as type/token ratio, word frequency, word length, and lexical density. Hence, it is easier to know how translators utilize words during the translation process through these parameters and data.Type/token ratioType refers to different words in the corpus, or the form of speech that appears separately for the first time (Laviosa, 1998, pp. 557-570). And token refers to all the forms that appear in the corpus. Type/token ratio refers to the proportion between class character and form character, which can be used to explain the change of lexical application in the corpus. The larger the type/token ratio (short for TTR), the greater the change in the vocabulary used in a specific text, and vice versa.However, because type/token ratio is easily affected by text length or corpus capacity, Scott (2004) proposed standardized type-token ratio (short for STTR) to measure lexical variability. Table 1 shows the detailed information.Table 1TTR and STTR of the Two CorporaLyell’s version Lovell’s version BNC Baby FictionTypes Tokens TTR STTR 3,51722,1981642.493,21216,1402045.3255,481996,0025.5744.77A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q645The data shown above in Table 1 is calculated with the help of software Wordsmith 4.0. As can be seen from the table, the number of types in Lyell’s version and Lovell’s version are respectively 3,517 and 3,212, and the number of tokens is 22,198 and 16,140 respectively. According to Vinay & Darbelnet, the token is a significant characteristic of explicitation (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1995). Compared with those of Lovell’s, the number of tokens in Lyell’s version is much bigger, which means that Lyell’s version shows the most obvious language redundancy characteristics and expresses the source information more clearly, making it easier to understand. Also, Nida argues that a good translation is usually longer than the original, because a translator is likely to increase the redundancy of the translation by expressing the implied information of the original text (Nida & Taber, 1969). Therefore, Lyell’s translation has more explanations for the source information while Lovell is apt to retain the deep meaning for readers to explore themselves.Moreover, it is clear that the STTR of Lovell’s at 45.32 is the highest, while the Lyell’s version is the lowest. It indicates that Lovell’s version is more varied and abundant in terminology, while Lyell employs the lowest lexical variability. In addition, the STTR of the reference corpus can be regarded as a standard norm of the word richness of the original English language (Hunston, 2002). We know that the STTR of Lovell’s is beyond and close to the data of reference corpus, so the features of vocabulary in Lovell’s translation are more in line with those of the original English language. That is why Chinese literature has increasingly entered the mainstream book market in the West and Lu Xun’s works have also reached more foreign readers by her vivid translations.Word lengthBy comparing the word length, we can find the text with the longest words. In fact, the word length reflects the degree of difficulty, and generally, the longer the mean word length is, the more complicated the text may be. As is known to all, the average word length is 4 letters or so in a common text. The average word length is the ratio of the number of real words to the total number of words in the text. Table 2 below shows the mean word length and word length standard deviation (short for word length std. dev.).Table 2TTR and STTR of the Two CorporaLyell’s version Lovell’s version BNC Baby FictionMean word length Word length std. dev. 4.172.204.282.404.322.22Table 2 reveals that Lovell’s translation is slightly longer than Lyell’s from the respective mean word length at 4.28 and 4.17, in another word, Lovell’s translation utilizes harder words and reaches a high level of formality than the other one. What’ more, Lovell’s version is closer to the reference corpus, which means that it is easier than the native language to understand but more difficult than Lyell’s version.And with the help of software Wordsmith 4.0, statistics about word length std. dev. can be obtained easily and accurately. The word length std. dev in BNC Baby Fiction is slightly larger than Lyell’s version and smaller than Lovell’s version. This shows that Lyell’s is little bit easier and Lovell’s is more difficult than native English, and especially Lovell’s may be somewhat difficult for foreign readers.Figure 1 below demonstrates the distribution of different word length in two distinct versions, more clearly and intuitively.A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q646In Figure 1, three-letter word ranks the highest among all other words and both the corpora occupy over 20%. The percentage of the other word length from high to low respectively is 4-letter words (around 20%) and 2-letter words (around 18%), 5-letter words (around 11%), 6-letter words (around 8%), and 7-letter words (around 7%). Generally speaking, Figure 1 shows that the average word length of Lyell’s version is close to that of Lovell’s version.Usually, a text consists of 1-to-6-letter words, so according to the statistics from Wordsmith 4.0, which lists the frequencies of 1-letter to 6-letter short words and 7-letter to 12-letter long words separately. As is shown in the table, frequencies of short words in the two versions are 84.67 words and 86.52 words respectively, compared with 83.31 words in the reference corpus; while frequencies of long words are 15.02 and 17.95, compared with 16.48 in BNC Baby Fiction. Therefore, it is evident that Lyell uses more complex and longer words in translating The True Story of Ah-Q. And it seems that despite that Lyell is not in favor of long words, he tends to narrow the gap with native language by comparing with Lovell.Word frequencyWord frequency refers to words that appear more frequently than other words in a text, and it shows the explicit vocabulary which a translator is accustomed to utilizing or prefer to choose. Xiao Weiqing indicates that word frequency counting in corpus-based analysis is based on the basic meaning of corpus, which is conducive to the study of vocabulary preference for original or translated texts and the study of translator style (肖维青, 2005, p. 6).With the aid of Wordsmith, the author compared the first fifteen words in Lyell’s version and Lovell’s version, and the corresponding sequence in the BNC Baby Fiction.According to the data collected in Bank of English, the top 5 high-frequency English words are “the”, “of”, “to”, “and”, “a” when English is the native language (Olohan, 2004).While the first 5 words are “the”, “and”, “to”, “of”, “a” in Translational English Corpus (Butler, 1985).From the analysis, the top 5 high-frequency words are “the”, “and”, “to”, “are” and “of”. In addition, there are altogether 8 words which are shared by three corpora, that is, “the”, “to”, “of”, “and”, “a”, “was”, “in”, “it”. And three words can be found in the two translations instead of BNC Baby Fiction, for these three words are “Ah”, “Q” and “His”, which are from the name of major character in the article. By comparing these data, it isA CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q647evident that Lyell’s version is more similar to BNC Baby Fiction as to the top 5 high-frequency words, which indicates that Lyell prefers to use local vocabulary.Obviously, “the” ranks first in the three corpora; “to” is listed as the second place in Lyell’s version whereas “to” is listed as the third place in Lovell’s version and BNC Baby Fiction. Also, most of the high frequency words in the two translations are close to those of native English fiction in terms of word frequency. Discussion at Syntactic LevelWang Kefei points out that sentences are important units in translation. In fact, a word is the smallest language unit while a sentence is a language unit consists of words or phrases which can express an integral meaning (王克非, 2004). Hence, it is also necessary to pay attention to characteristics at syntactic level. The pattern of the sentence is determined by the speaker’s functional methods, which shows that different speakers always perform different language functions for different purposes.Butler divides sentence length into three levels: short (1-9 words), medium (10-25 words) and long (more than 25 words). Generally speaking, the longer sentence is that its structure is more difficult and its style is more formal. The average sentence length is the average number of words in a given corpus. What’s more, based on the research of English-Chinese parallel corpus, some Chinese scholars also point out that the number of words in the target text usually increases in English translation or Chinese-English translation (冉明志, 2019, pp. 32-37).Mean sentence lengthAverage sentence length refers to the average length of translated text sentences. The average sentence length is calculated by period marks, question marks and exclamation points, which is also a general marker of the translator’s style. And sentence length standard deviation is the degree of difference between sentence length and average value, which is also related to the translator’s style. Table 3 demonstrates the mean sentence length and sentence standard deviations (short for sentence length std. dev) of the reference corpus and two translational corpora.Table 3Mean Sentence Length and Sentence length std. devLyell’s version Lovell’s version BNC Baby FictionMean sentence length Sentence length std. dev 17.6111.3118.3312.2512.3611.70Table 3 shows that the mean sentence lengths of the two translations are respectively 17.61 and 18.33 respectively, compared with that of BNC Baby Fiction at 12.36. With regard to the sentence length std. dev, the result demonstrates that Lyell’s version is lower than Lovell’s version at respectively 11.31 and 12.25. Apparently, the mean sentence lengths of the two translations of Lyell and Lovell are longer than that of the BNC Baby Fiction corpus, and Lyell’s version has the longest average sentence length. From this aspect, Lyell utilizes the highest complexity in terms of sentence level. Meanwhile, mean sentences std. dev of two versions are close to that of native English fictions.Sara Laviosa compared the average sentence length of the translated English corpus, and the results demonstrates that the mean sentence length of the former was 24.087, 54% higher than the latter (15.626) (Braithwaite, 1996).This is the reason for the results that two translations are higher than BNC Baby Fiction inA CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q 648terms of the average sentence length. Besides, the sentence length std. dev. of the Lovell’ version is higher than that of the reference corpus, suggesting that Lovell uses the sentences more flexibly.Complexity of sentencesZhang Zhenbang divided English sentences into simple sentence, complex sentence, compound sentence and compound-complex sentence. And compound sentence falls into two types: complex sentences and coordinate sentences (胡开宝& 谢丽欣, 2017, pp. 12-18, 128). Generally, a complex sentence is the mixture of subordinating conjunctions, including “when”, “where”, “where”, “although/though”, and appropriate pronouns, such as “that/which”, and “who/whom”. The following table 4 shows the frequency of subordinators in the two corpora.Table 4Frequency of Main Subordinators in the Two CorporaLyell’s version Lovell’s versionTHAT/WHICHWHENWHEREWHO/WHOMSINCEBECAUSE ALTHOUGTH/THOUGH IFTotalPercentage 36768962262629626492.93%1703793061939423522.29%The results from Wordsmith 4.0 demonstrates that there are 1,340 and 910 sentences respectively in Lyell’s and Lovell’s version. Since that there are 430 sentences more in Lyell’s translation than in Lovell’s, it employs larger number of main subordinators than Lovell’s. On the whole, it is evident that Lovell may utilize fewer complex sentences while Lyell prefers to adopt more complex sentences. We can also find that they have the same frequency in adopting where-clauses. In addition, that/which-clause are the most frequently used in both the corpora, and Lyell prefers to use when-clause while Lovell adopts if-clause more frequently than others.ConclusionBy applying a corpus-based method to adopt a comparative study of two English versions of the True Story of Ah-Q, this thesis discusses particular patterns of different translator’s style and demonstrates various characteristics of their translation in a both quantitative and qualitative approach. With the aid of comparable small corpora built by the author, the research is carried out at two major levels, including lexical level and syntactic level. What’s more, some possible explanations are also given for the differences and similarity among the corpora. This research investigates the two translator’s styles from a descriptive angle and method, and then find what is responsible for their distinctive styles. And this study argues that the translator’s native language culture and translation norms might impose an indispensable influence on the translator’s style. With regard to their distinctive styles, there are some results listed below:A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE TRANSLATORS’ STYLES IN THE ENGLISH VERSIONS OF THE TRUE STORY OF AH-Q649At the lexical level, Lyell prefers to utilize the shorter words but more difficult words to impart more information while Lovell utilizes a wider range of vocabulary and employs longer words, which is a little bit difficult to read. Also, as to the word frequency, both the corpora is closely in line with the native English expressions, for they try to enable foreign readers to understand Lu Xun’s work.At the syntactic level, the average sentence length of the two translations is much higher than the native English texts. Lyell utilizes more complex sentences while Lovell tends to use relatively simple sentence. However, Lyell’s translation is easier to understand than Lovell’s.Nevertheless, this study of translator style is not in-depth enough and not complete enough. And regarding the collection and handling of original texts and statistics are not that precise. Hence, more comprehensive works and more careful efforts are required. What’s more, with the explorations and inspirations from this thesis, research concerning translator’s style in the near future will be more comprehensive and concrete.ReferencesBaker, M. (2000). Towards a methodology for investigating the style of a literary translator. Targets, 12, 241-266. Braithwaite, L. (1996). The English Comparable Corpus (ECC): A resource and a methodology for the empirical study of translation. UK: University of Manchester.Butler, C. (1985). Statistics in linguistics. UK: Basil Blackwell.Hunston, S. (2002). Corpora in applied linguistics. UK: Cambridge University Press.Laviosa, S. (1998). Core patterns of lexical use in a comparable corpus of English narrative prose. Meta: Translators’ Journal, 43, 557-570.Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1969). The theory and practice of translation. Leiden: Brill Academic Pub.Olohan, M. (2004). Introducing corpora in translation studies. London, New York: Routledge.Vinay, J. P., & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative stylistics of French and English: a methodology for translation.Amsterdam/Phila-delphia: John Benjamins Pub-lishing Company.胡开宝, 谢丽欣. (2017). 基于语料库的译者风格研究:内涵与路径. 中国翻译, 38(02), 12-18+128.冉明志. (2019). 《阿Q正传》三个英译本中文化专有项英译策略对比研究. 四川文理学院学报, 29(03), 32-37.王克非. (2004). 双语对应语料库研制与应用. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.肖维青. (2005). 自建语料库与翻译批评. 外语研究, 4, 6.。
初三英语复习课件
Summary: Argumentative writing is a provisional form of writing that aims to provide the reader of a specific point of view or action It requires logical reasoning, evidence, and clear presentation of arguments
Counterarguments
Listening Review
CATALOGUE
05
Short dialogue listening review
Long conversation listening review
Review of dictation fill in the blank questions
Key Points
Purpose: Understand the purpose of the writing and identify the target audience
Structure: Ensure a logical and organized structure with clear introduction, body, and conclusion
A presence with a single clause and no dependent clauses
Reading comprehension review
CATALOGUE
03
Detail comprehension questions are a relatively basic type of reading comprehension questions, mainly testing students' understanding and memory ability of specific information in the article.
五上英语三单元复习课
Summary of the key and differential points of this unit
• Identifying ionic statements and their implications in written and spoken English
Summary of the key and differential points of this
03
Review methods
Vocabulary review methods
Flashcards
Create or print out flashcards with vocabulary words and their meanings Review them regularly to review memory
Word Wall
Create a word wall where you post new vocabulary words Review the wall often to familiarize yourself with the words
Dictation Exercises
Have someone read a word or phrase, then write it down This helps improve handling and spelling skills
Translation Exercises
Provide sentences in English, then ask students to translate them into Chinese, focusing on maintaining the original sentence structure
2023考研英语-新文道经典长难句 手译本
2023考研英语-新文道经典长难句手译本全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023考研英语-新文道经典长难句手译本In the journey of preparing for the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination, mastering the skill of understanding and interpreting complex and lengthy sentences is essential, especially in the English language section. One valuable resource to improve this skill is the New Textiway Classic Long and Difficult Sentence Hand Translation.The New Textiway Classic Long and Difficult Sentence Hand Translation is a comprehensive guide that focuses on breaking down challenging sentences, providing detailed explanations, and offering translations to help students better comprehend the content. It covers a wide range of topics, from literature to science, making it a versatile tool for students of different academic backgrounds.One of the key features of this guide is its emphasis on practical exercises. By practicing translating long and difficult sentences by hand, students can gradually enhance theirunderstanding of sentence structures, vocabulary, and grammar. This hands-on approach allows students to develop their language skills in a systematic and effective manner.Furthermore, the New Textiway Classic Long and Difficult Sentence Hand Translation includes tips and strategies for tackling complex sentences, such as identifying key words, understanding the logical relationships between clauses, and grasping the overall meaning of the sentence. These insights provide students with valuable tools to decode and interpret challenging passages more efficiently.In addition to its educational value, this guide also serves as a useful reference tool for students who are studying for other English language tests, such as the TOEFL or IELTS. Its comprehensive coverage of long and difficult sentences can help students improve their reading comprehension skills and prepare them for a variety of language exams.Overall, the New Textiway Classic Long and Difficult Sentence Hand Translation is an invaluable resource for students who are looking to strengthen their English language skills and excel in the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination. By mastering the art of understanding and interpreting complex sentences, students can enhance their academic performanceand achieve their goals in the competitive field of higher education.篇2Contents1. Introduction2. Classic Long and Complex Sentences in New Wenda Reading Material for 2023 Postgraduate Entrance Examination3. Detailed Analysis of Selected Long and Complex Sentences4. ConclusionIntroductionThe 2023 postgraduate entrance examination for English has introduced a new set of reading material known as the New Wenda Reading Material. This material is known for its challenging long and complex sentences that test the candidates' reading skills and comprehension abilities. In this document, we will provide an analysis of some of the classic long and complex sentences found in this reading material, along with a detailed explanation of their structures and meanings.Classic Long and Complex Sentences in New Wenda Reading Material for 2023 Postgraduate Entrance Examination1. "Despite the challenges posed by the global pandemic, the government has taken proactive measures to ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens."2. "In view of the increasing demand for sustainable development, companies are now incorporating environmentally-friendly practices into their business models."3. "As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, it is crucial for individuals to adapt and acquire new skills to stay relevant in today's competitive job market."4. "The rise of social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others, but it has also raised concerns about privacy and security issues."Detailed Analysis of Selected Long and Complex Sentences1. Sentence 1: This sentence consists of a main clause ("the government has taken proactive measures") and a subordinate clause ("Despite the challenges posed by the global pandemic"). The use of the subordinating conjunction "despite" indicates a contrast between the challenges posed by the pandemic and thegovernment's proactive measures. This sentence showcases the government's response to a difficult situation.2. Sentence 2: This sentence contains a main clause ("companies are now incorporating environmentally-friendly practices") and a subordinate clause ("In view of the increasing demand for sustainable development"). The phrase "in view of" signals the reason for companies incorporating environmentally-friendly practices. This sentence highlights the growing emphasis on sustainability in business practices.3. Sentence 3: In this sentence, there is a main clause ("it is crucial for individuals to adapt and acquire new skills") and a subordinate clause ("As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace"). The subordinate clause provides the context for why individuals need to adapt and acquire new skills. This sentence underscores the importance of staying current in a fast-changing technological landscape.4. Sentence 4: This sentence features a main clause ("The rise of social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others") and a subordinate clause ("but it has also raised concerns about privacy and security issues"). The conjunction "but" introduces a contrast between the benefits and drawbacks of social media. This sentence raises awareness ofthe challenges associated with the widespread use of social media.ConclusionThe New Wenda Reading Material for the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination presents candidates with a variety of long and complex sentences that require careful analysis and interpretation. By understanding the structures and meanings of these sentences, candidates can improve their reading comprehension skills and prepare effectively for the examination. These sentences reflect important issues and trends in contemporary society, providing candidates with valuable insights into current global issues.篇32023考研英语-新文道经典长难句手译本In the field of English language learning, one of the most challenging aspects for students is mastering the complex and intricate structures of long and difficult sentences. The ability to understand and translate these types of sentences is essential for success in exams such as the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination.To help students improve their skills in this area, the New Textbook of Classic Long and Difficult Sentences provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and translating a wide range of complex sentence structures. This textbook is designed to help students develop the critical thinking skills and language proficiency needed to tackle even the most challenging sentences.The New Textbook of Classic Long and Difficult Sentences covers a wide range of sentence types, including compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. Each chapter of the textbook focuses on a different type of sentence structure, providing students with a detailed explanation of the grammar rules and principles behind each type of sentence.In addition to providing detailed explanations of sentence structures, the textbook also includes a variety of practice exercises to help students reinforce their understanding of the material. These exercises are designed to challenge students to apply their knowledge of complex sentence structures in a practical and meaningful way.Overall, the New Textbook of Classic Long and Difficult Sentences is an invaluable resource for students looking toimprove their English language skills and succeed in exams such as the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination. By mastering the intricate structures of complex sentences, students can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of academic success.In conclusion, the New Textbook of Classic Long and Difficult Sentences is an essential tool for students preparing for the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination. By mastering the complex structures of long and difficult sentences, students can improve their language proficiency and achieve their academic goals.。
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• 他努力在游记中记录下大瀑布的美。 In his traveling report, he tried to capture the beauty of the Great Waterfalls. • 两条小溪在这儿汇成一条河流。 The two streams converge here to form a river. • 我们必须停止这些谣言的传播；公司的名声 正处在危险中。 We must stop these rumors; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
19
• When you look up at a tall building, the sides seem to _________. A. diverge B. converge C. settle D. commence • It is the firm ______ of all the peace-loving people that every effort must be made to preserve world peace. A. liberty B. authority C. conviction D. symbol
苗条的，细长的
• Slender-Line 2
• She had long and slender expressive hands, like a concert pianist. • Synonym: • slim, lean, narrow, slight, thin; fragile, skinny • Anonym: • fat, obese, overweight, plump, paunchy, stout
7/80
作为兼职
• On the side -Line 41
• 为了送孩子上学，他业余时间兼职擦窗户 挣点钱。 • In order to send his children to school, he makes a little money on the side by cleaning windows in his spare time.
• a slender income; slender chance
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新拓居地 n.
• Settlement-Line 3
• 白种人五百年前开始在非洲大陆定居。 • The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago.
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• The play starred a retired actress who was _______ a come-back. A. intent on B. confident in C. head for D. making like • That was too complicated. Please tell me again, this time in ________ English. A. apparent B. obvious C. plain D. noticeable
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• The instructor want to teach his students what it felt like to be_______ and enslaved. A. captured B. compelled C. transported D. disguised • __________ his employee, Mr. Richard is a man of principle, but he is at the same time amiable and considerate. A. In addition to B. In relation to C. In the context of D. In the eyes of
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特殊使命，任务
• Mission -Line 20 • He was sent to Washington on a diplomatic mission. • 他被派往华盛顿执行外交任务。
Байду номын сангаас
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解放
• Liberate -Line 23 • 该部队的目标是年底解放这个国家。 • The troop’s aim is to liberate the country by the end of the year.
• • • • • • • •
我们很乐意来。 We’re more than happy to come. 这艘船开往古巴。 This ship was heading for Cuba. 法官判他罚款10 美元。 The judge imposed a fine of ten dollars on him. 她为自己开创了做歌手的新事业。 She forged a new career for herself as a singer.
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逼近，包围
• Close in (on/around) -Line 52 • 美军包围了巴格达的时候，萨达姆下 令撤退。 • Saddam summoned withdrawal when the US army were closing in on Baghdad.
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坚定的看法或信仰 n.
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具有讽刺意味的是 ad.
• Ironically-Line 11
• 具有讽刺意味的是, 穷人往往给予得最多。 • Ironically it is often the poorer people who give the most.
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支持
• stand up (for sb./sth.)-Line 13: • You have to be prepared to stand up for the things you believe in. • Always stand up for your friends.
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Translation
• 该体育馆以这家俱乐部的第一位主席来命 名，已资纪念。 • The stadium was named in honor of the club's first chairman. • 迈克尔很有信心被哈佛大学录取。 • Michael was confident that he would be enrolled by Harvard University.
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批准，委托 vt.
• Authorize -Line 26 • 总统要求国会批准美国军队在中东地 区驻扎。 • The President requested that the congress authorize the presence of U.S. troops in the middle east . • Syn: legalize, allow, approve, entitle
• Conviction-Line59 • 老妇人坚信死后会有更好的生活。 • The old woman had a firm conviction that there would be a better life after death.
废除（法律，习惯等）vt.
• Abolish -Line 88 • Slavery was not finally abolished in the British Empire until 1833. • abolish “消除长期存在的风俗、习惯” • cancel指撤销、取消、删除
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强迫 vt.
• Compel -Line 94 • compel sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 • be compelled to do sth. 不得不做某事
• 想到可能会被解雇，很多人不得不卖力工作。
• Many people are compelled to work hard by the thought of being fired.
• 具有讽刺意味的是，这种药物的广泛使用引起 了许多意想不到的健康问题。 Ironically, the widespread use of the drug has caused many unexpected health problems. • 我无权回答你的问题。 I’m not authorized to answer your question. • 我太专心工作了以至于没有留意时间。 • I was so intent on my work that I didn’t notice the time. • 秋天来到了, 白天渐渐短了. • The days are closing in now that autumn is here.
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Vocabulary & Structure
• Didn't anyone________ James and say it wasn’t his fault? A. pass for B. stand up for C. impose on D. let down
• We all feel we need a new captain---someone who can ________ the team to achieve higher aims. A. inspire B. exploit C. advocate D. guarantee
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