英语语言学树形图举例word精品

树形图详细讲解
1. In dicate the category of each word in the follow ing senten ces.
a) The old lady sudde nly left.
Det A N Qual V
b) The car stopped at the end of the road.
Det N V P Det N P Det N
c) The snow might have blocked the road.
Det N Aux Aux V Det N
d) He n ever appears quite mature.
N Qual V Deg A

2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.

b) a story about a sen time ntal girl
NP

Det A N
a story about a sen time ntal girl
c) ofte n read detective stories

Qual V NP

ofte n read detective stories
d) the argume nt aga inst the proposals

NP
NP

a) full of people
AP

full of people
NP PP

VP

Det N
八
Det N
the argume nt aga inst the proposals
OR
In flP(=S)

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e) move towards the win dow
VP

PP
Det N
3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the followi ng senten
ces.
a) The jet Ian ded.
In flP(=S)

The jet
b) Mary became very ill.
In flP(=S)

Mary c) What will you talk about? CP VP VP NP Det NP Infl VP Pst V NP Infl S z NP Infl ' VP What will talk about you e man. d) The apple might hit the S The apple might hit the man move towards the wi ndow NP /X Det N Infl VP Pst Ian ded became very ill
NP

Det Aux
4

VP 、 V
e) He often reads detective stories.
S

NP
Qual

4. The followi ng sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each senten ce, first ide ntify the modifier(s),
the n draw the tree structures.
a) A frighte ned passe nger Ian ded the crippled airpla ne.
In flP(=S)

Det A
A frighte ned passe nger Ian ded the crippled airpla ne

The apple might hit the man
Infl
Det

VP
He often reads etective stories
OR
In flP(=S)

NP Infl VP

He Pre Qual NP A ofte n reads etective stories
NP Infl VP
Det A
N Pst V NP
OR
In flP(=S)

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b) A huge moon hung in the black sky.
In flP(=S)

c) An unu sual event occurred before the meet ing.
In flP(=S)

NP
De

An unu sual eve nt occurred before the meet ing
d) A qua int old house appeared on the grassy hill.
In flP(=S)

5. The follow ing sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the
sentences,
a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pan ts.

Det A NP
N CON N
Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants

NP Infl VP
Det A
N Pst V A huge NP Infl VP Det A N Pst V PP Det P Det A N A qua int old house appeared on the grassy hill PP

moon

NP Infl VP
A PP

In
flP(=S)
OR
In flP(=S)

6
N CON
Jim
has washed the dirty shirts and pants

b) Hele n put on her clothes and went
out.
S

N CON
V
OR
Hele n put on her clothes and
went out

In
flP(=S)

N CON

Hele n put on her clothes and
went out

c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.
S

NP VP
N

Mary is fond of literature
but (is) tired of statistics
OR
In flP(=S)

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NP Infl VP
CON VP N Pres VP
VP NP

but (is) d) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in. S tired of statistics
CON
NP /X Det N VP z\ V Adv NP Det A VP
V Adv
the mysterious man came in
e) Crusoe knows that spri ng will come and the snow will melt.
The detective went out and

CP
CON
NP VP NP
Aux Det N
VP

Aux V
knows that spri ng
6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an
prepositi on or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.
a) You know that I hate war.

Crusoe
will come and the snow will melt
adjective, a

You C VP know that CP NP hate
war
OR CP
C In flP(=S)

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b) He said that Tom asked whether the class was over. S
said that Tom asked whether the class was over
c) Gerry can 'believe the fact that Anna flun ked the En glish exam.
S

S
NP

You know that hate
war

He
NP

Gerry can not believe the fact thatA nna flun ked the En glish exam

C
S

VP
VP
Aux Neg V

N