2012闵行区二模试卷范文
闵行区初三数学中考二模卷及答案
闵行区2012学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试数学试卷2013.04一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．下列实数中，是无理数的是（A）3.14；（B）；（C）；（D）．2．下列运算一定正确的是（A）；（B）；（C）；（D）．3．不等式组的解集是（A）；（B）；（C）；（D）．4．用配方法解方程时，配方后所得的方程是（A）；（B）；（C）；（D）．5．在△ABC与△A′B′C′中，已知AB = A′B′，∠A =∠A′，要使△ABC≌△A′B′C′，还需要增加一个条件，这个条件不正确的是（A）AC = A′C′；（B）BC = B′C′；（C）∠B =∠B′；（D）∠C=∠C′．6．下列命题中正确的是（A）矩形的两条对角线相等；（B）菱形的两条对角线相等；（C）等腰梯形的两条对角线互相垂直；（D）平行四边形的两条对角线互相垂直．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．计算：.8．因式分解：.9．方程的实数根是.10．如果关于x 的一元二次方程有两个实数根，那么m的取值范围是. 11．一次函数的图像在y 轴上的截距为． 12．已知反比例（）的图像经过点（2，-1），那么当时，y 随x 的增大而．（填“增大”或“减小）.13．已知抛物线经过点（3，2），那么该抛物线的对称轴是直线.14．布袋中装有3个红球和3个白球，它们除颜色外其他都相同，如果从布袋里随机摸出一个球，那么所摸到的球恰好为红球的概率是.15．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，AC 、BD 相交于点O ，如果，，那么.16．已知：⊙O 1、⊙O 2的半径长分别为2、5，如果⊙O 1与⊙O 2相交，那么这两圆的圆心距d 的取值范围是．17．如图，在正方形ABCD 中，E 为边BC 的中点，EF ⊥AE ，与边CD 相交于点F ，如果△CEF 的面积等于1，那么△ABE 的面积等于．18．如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠C = 90°，∠A = 50°，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、BC 上，将△BDE 沿直线DE 翻折，点B 与点F 重合，如果∠ADF = 45°，那么∠CEF =度．三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）ABD O（第15题图）A C BDE F（第18题图） AB CD E F（第17题图）19．（本题满分10分）先化简，再求值：，其中．20．（本题满分10分）解方程组：21．（本题共2小题，满分10分，其中第（1）小题4分，第（2）小题6分）如图，在△ABC 中，AB = AC ，点D 在边AB 上，以点A 为圆心，线段AD 的长为半径的⊙A 与边AC 相交于点E ，AF ⊥DE ，垂足为点F ，AF 的延长线与边BC 相交于点G ，联结GE ．已知DE = 10，，．求：（1）⊙A 的半径AD 的长； （2）∠EGC 的余切值．22．（本题共2小题，每小题5分，满分10分）为了有效地利用电力资源，电力部门推行分时用电．即在居民家中安装分时电表，每天6∶00至22∶00用电每千瓦时0.61元，每天22∶00至次日6∶00用电每千瓦时0.30元．原来不实行分时用电时，居民用电每千瓦时0.61元．某户居民为了解家庭的用电及电费情况，于去年9月随意记录了该月6天的用电情况，见下表（单位：千瓦时）．(第21题图)A FD EBCG（1）如果该用户去年9月份（30天）每天的用电情况基本相同，根据表中数据，试估计该用户去年9月总用电量约为多少千瓦时．（2）如果该用户今年3月份的分时电费为127.8元，而按照不实行分时用电的计费方法，其电费为146.4元，试问该用户今年3月份6∶00至22∶00与22∶00至次日6∶00两个时段的用电量各为多少千瓦时？（注：以上统计是从每个月的第一天6∶00至下一个月的第一天6∶00止）23．（本题共2小题，每小题6分，满分12分）已知：如图，在梯形ABCD 中，AD // BC ，AB = CD ，BC = 2AD ．DE ⊥BC ，垂足为点F ，且F 是DE 的中点，联结AE ，交边BC 于点G ．（1）求证：四边形ABGD 是平行四边形； （2）如果，求证：四边形DGEC 是正方形．24．（本题共3小题，满分12分，其中第（1）小题4分，第（2）序 号1 2 3 4 5 66∶00至22∶00用电量4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.6 22∶00至次日6∶00用电量1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5ABCDEFG（第23题图）小题3分，第（3）小题5分） 已知：在平面直角坐标系中，一次函数的图像与y 轴相交于点A ，二次函数的图像经过点A 、B （1，0），D 为顶点．（1）求这个二次函数的解析式，并写出顶点D 的坐标；（2）将上述二次函数的图像沿y 轴向上或向下平移，使点D 的对应点C 在一次函数的图像上，求平移后所得图像的表达式； （3）设点P 在一次函数的图像上，且，求点P 的坐标．25．（本题共3小题，满分14分，其中第（1）小题4分，第（2）、（3）小题每小题5分） 如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，，，CE ⊥AB ，垂足为点E （点E 在边AB 上），F 为边AD 的中点，联结EF ，CD ． （1）如图1，当点E 是边AB 的中点时，求线段EF 的长； （2）如图2，设，△CEF 的面积等于y ，求y 与x 的函数解析式，并写出函数定义域；Axy-1 -33 O （第24题图）（3）当时，∠EFD与∠AEF的度数满足数量关系：，其中k≥0，求k的值．AB C DEF（图1）AB CDEF（图2）（第25题图）AB C DEF闵行区2012学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试数学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．C；2．D；3．B；4．A；5．B；6．A．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．2；8．；9．；10．；11．3；12．增大；13．；14．；15．；16．；17．4；18．35．三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．解：原式……………………………………………（4分）．…………………………………………………………………（2分）当时，原式．…………………（4分）20．解：由，得，．………………（2分）原方程组化为……………………………………（4分）解这两个方程组，得原方程组的解是…………………………………………………（4分）21．解：（1）在⊙A中，∵AF⊥DE，DE = 10，∴．…………………………………（1分）在Rt△ADF中，由，得，．…………………………………………（1分）利用勾股定理，得．∴ ．解得．……………………………（1分）∴ AD= 13．…………………………………………………………（1分）（2）由（1），可知．………………………………………（1分）∵，∴．………………………………………（1分）在⊙A中，AD = AE．又∵AB= AC，∴．∴DE// BC．…………………（1分）∴，．∴AG= 36．∴．…………………………（1分）在Rt△EFG中，．……………………………（1分）即得．………………………………………………（1分）22．解：（1）6∶00至22∶00用电量：．……………………………（2分）22∶00至次日6∶00用电量：．………………………………（2分）所以135 +45 = 180（千瓦时）．……………………………………（1分）所以，估计该户居民去年9月总用电量为180千瓦时．（2）根据题意，得该户居民5月份总用电量为（千瓦时）．（1分）设该用户6月份6∶00至22∶00的用电量为x千瓦时，则22∶00至次日6∶00的用电量为（240 –x）千瓦时．根据题意，得．……………………（2分）解得．…………………………………………………………（1分）所以．…………………………………………………（1分）答：该用户6月份6∶00至22∶00与22∶00至次日6∶00两个时段的用电量分别为180、60千瓦时．23．证明：（1）∵DE⊥BC，且F是DE的中点，∴DC = EC．即得∠DCF =∠ECF．……………………………………………（1分）又∵AD // BC，AB = CD，∴∠B =∠DCF，AB = EC．∴∠B=∠ECF．∴AB// EC．…………………………………（1分）又∵AB= EC，∴四边形ABEC是平行四边形．……………（1分）∴．………………………………………………（1分）∵BC= 2AD，∴AD= BG．………………………………………（1分）又∵AD// BG，∴四边形ABGD是平行四边形．……………（1分）（2）∵四边形ABGD是平行四边形，∴AB// DG，AB= DG．…………………………………………（1分）又∵AB // EC，AB = EC，∴DG // EC，DG = EC．∴四边形DGEC是平行四边形．…………………………………（1分）又∵DC= EC，∴四边形DGEC是菱形．……………………（1分）∴DG = DC．由，即得．………………（1分）∴．∴．∴四边形DGEC是正方形．……………………………………（2分）24．解：（1）由，得．∴点A的坐标为A（0，3）．………………………………………（1分）∵二次函数的图像经过点A（0，3）、B （1，0），∴……………………………………………………（1分）解得∴所求二次函数的解析式为．……………………（1分）顶点D的坐标为D（-1，4）．…………………………………………（1分）（2）设平移后的图像解析式为．根据题意，可知点C（-1，k）在一次函数的图像上，∴．…………………………………………………………（1分）解得．……………………………………………………………（1分）∴所求图像的表达式为或．……（1分）（3）设直线与x轴交于点E．由（2）得C（-1，2）．又由A（0，3），得．根据题意，设点P的坐标为P（m，m +3）．∵△ABP与△ABC同高，于是，当时，得．……………（1分）此时，有两种不同的情况：（ⅰ）当点P在线段CA的延长线上时，得，且．过点P作PQ1垂直于x轴，垂足为点Q1．易得．∴．解得．即得．∴P1（2，5）．………………………………………………………（2分）（ⅱ）当点P在线段AC的延长线上时，得，且．过点P作PQ2垂直于x轴，垂足为点Q2．易得．∴．解得．即得．∴P2（-2，1）．………………………………………………………（2分）综上所述，点P的坐标为（2，5）或（-2，1）．另解：（3）由（2）得C（-1，2）．又由A（0，3），得．根据题意，设点P的坐标为P（m，m +3）．∵△ABP与△ABC同高，于是，当时，得．……………（1分）∴．即得．………………………………………（1分）解得，．………………………………………………（1分）∴m+3 = 5或1．……………………………………………………（1分）∴点P的坐标为（2，5）或（-2，1）．……………………………（1分）25．解：（1）分别延长BA、CF相交于点P．在平行四边形ABCD中，AD// BC，AD= BC．……………………（1分）又∵F为边AD的中点，∴．即得PA= AB= 8．……………………（1分）∵点E是边AB的中点，AB = 8，∴．即得．∵CE⊥AB，∴．∴．…………………………（1分）在Rt△PEC中，，，∴．………………………………………………（1分）（2）在Rt△PEC中，，∴．由BC = x，利用勾股定理，得．即得．………………………（1分）∴．∴．…（1分）于是，由，得．∴．………………………………………（1分）∴，．………………………………（2分）（3）在平行四边形ABCD中，AB // CD，CD = AB = 8，AD = BC = 16．∵F为边AD的中点，∴．………………（1分）∴FD= CD．∴．………………………………（1分）∵AB // CD，∴∠DCF =∠P．∴∠DFC=∠P．……………………………………………………（1分）在Rt△PEC中，，，∴EF = PF．∴∠AEF =∠P =∠DFC．又∵∠EFC=∠P +∠PEF= 2∠PEF．……………………………（1分）∴∠EFD=∠EFC+∠DFC= 2∠AEF+∠AEF= 3∠AEF．即得k= 3．……………………………………………………………（1分）。
闵行区初三二模试卷
闵行区2012学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试语文试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）一、文言文（42分）(一)默写（18分）1. ，一览众山小。
（《望岳》）2.僵卧孤村不自哀，。
（《十一月四日风雨大作》）3.晨兴理荒秽，。
（《归园田居》）4. ，西北望，射天狼。
（《江城子.密州出猎》）5.无丝竹之乱耳，。
（《陋室铭》）6.子曰：“学而不思则罔，。
”（《孔孟论学》）（二）阅读下面的诗，完成第7—8题（4分）送友人李白青山横北郭，白水绕东城。
此地为一别，孤蓬万里征。
浮云游子意，落日故人情。
挥手自兹去，萧萧班马声。
7.“孤蓬”喻指。
（2分）8.下列理解不正确．．．的一项是（）（2分）A.首联“绕”字描画白水的动态。
B.颔联表达了对朋友深切的不舍之情。
C.颈联对仗工整，“浮云”对“落日”。
D.尾联以“班马”喻友人，情真意切。
（三）阅读下文，完成第9—11题（8分）生于忧患，死于安乐①舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
②故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
③人恒过然后能改，困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
④然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
9.本文选自《》，我们还学过的课文《》也选自此作品。
（2分）10.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点词的含义。
（3分）所以动心忍性，曾益其．所不能。
11.下面理解不正确．．．的一项是（）A.第①②段论证人才要在忧患中造就。
B.第②段“空乏其身”意指“受到贫穷之苦”。
C.第③段从反面论证国无忧患易灭亡的道理。
D.本文中心论点是“生于忧患，死于安乐”。
（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）曾巩为文章，上下驰骋，一时工作文词者，鲜能过也。
少与王安石游，安石声誉未振，巩导之于欧阳修，及安石得志，遂与之异。
2012年闵行初三二模(含答案)
闵行区2011学年第二学期九年级二模试卷（考试时间100分钟，满分150分）一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）【下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个选项是正确的，请选择正确选项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1．下列计算正确的是（ ）A ．236a a a ⋅=； B ．22()2a a a +=； C ．1242a a a ÷=； D ．236()a a =．2．已知：a 、b 、c 为任意实数，且a b >，那么下列结论一定正确的是（ ）A ．a c b c ->-；B ．a c b c -⋅<-⋅；C ．a c b c ⋅>⋅；D ．11a b<．3．点()1,3P -关于原点中心对称的点的坐标是（ ）A ．（－1，－3）； B ．（1，－3）； C ．（1，3）； D ．（3，－1）．4．如果一组数据1a ，2a ，…，n a 的方差20S =，那么下列结论一定正确的是（ ）A ．这组数据的平均数0x =；B ．12n a a a === ；C ．120n a a a ==== ；D ．12n a a a <<< ．5．在四边形ABCD 中，对角线AC BD ⊥，那么依次连结四边形ABCD 各边中点所得的 四边形一定是（ ）A ．菱形；B ．矩形；C ．正方形；D ．平行四边形．6．一个正多边形绕它的中心旋转36°后，就与原正多边形第一次重合，那么这个正多边形 （ ）A ．是轴对称图形，但不是中心对称图形；B ．是中心对称图形，但不是轴对称图形；C ．既是轴对称图形，又是中心对称图形；D ．既不是轴对称图形，也不是中心对称图形．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）【请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置上】 7．计算：28⋅= ．8．在实数范围内分解因式：324x x -= ．9．不等式13(1)x x ->+的解集是 ．10．已知1x =是一元二次方程230a x b x ++=的一个实数根，那么a b += ．11．已知函数5()3x f x x -=-，那么(9)f = ．12．已知一次函数y k x b =+的图像经过点A （1，-5），且与直线32y x =-+平行，那么该一次函数的 解析式为 ．13．二次函数223y x x =-+的图像在对称轴的左侧是 ．（填“上升”或“下降”）14．从1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8这八个数中，任意抽取一个数，那么抽得的数是素数的概率是 ．15．如图，在△ABC 中，AB AC -=．16．已知：在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、BC 上，DE ∥AC ，12AD DB =，4DE =，那么边AC 的长为 ．17．已知⊙1O 与⊙2O 相交于A 、B 两点，如果⊙1O 、⊙2O 的半径分别为10厘米和17厘米，公共弦AB 的长为16厘米，那么这两圆的圆心距12O O 的长为 厘米．18．如图，把一个面积为1的正方形等分成两个面积为12的矩形，接着把其中一个面积为12的矩形等分成 两个面积为14的矩形，再把其中一个面积为14的矩形等分成两个面积为18的矩形，如此进行下去，试利用图形所揭示的规律计算：11111111248163264128+++++++1256+= ．三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．（本题满分10分）先化简，再求值：11)1112(+÷+--a a a ，其中31a =-． 20．（本题满分10分）解方程组：222570x y x y x +=⎧⎨-++=⎩．21．（本题共2小题，每小题5分，满分10分）已知：如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠90ACB =，AD 平分∠BAC ，DE AB ⊥，垂足为点E ，16AE =，45sinB =．求：（1）BC 的长；（2）求∠ADE 的正切值．ABC1214 18 116132A B C E D22．（本题共3小题，第（1）、（2）每小题3分，第（3）小题4分，满分10分）某研究性学习小组，为了了解本校九年级学生一天中做家庭作业所用的大致时间（时间以整数记．单位：分钟），对该年级学生做了抽样调查，并把调查得到的所有数据（时间）进行整理，分成五个时间段，绘制成统计图（如图所示），请结合统计图中提供的信息，回答下列问题： （1）这个研究性学习小组所抽取样本的容量是多少？（2）在被调查的学生中，一天做家庭作业所用的大致时间超过150分钟（不包括150分钟）的人数占被调查学生总人数的百分之几？（3）如果该校九年级学生共有200名，那么估计该校九年级学生一天做家庭作业所用时间不超过120分钟的学生约有多少人？23．（本题共2小题，每小题6分，满分12分）已知：如图，在梯形ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，点E 、F 在边BC 上，DE ∥AB ，AF ∥CD ，且四边形AEFD 是平行四边形．（1）试判断线段AD 与BC 的长度之间有怎样的数量关系？并证明你的结论； （2）现有三个论断：①AD AB =；②∠B +∠C =90°；③∠B =2∠C ．请从上述三个论断中选择一个论断作为条件，证明四边形AEFD 是菱形．24．（本题共3小题，每小题4分，满分12分）已知：如图，抛物线2y x b x c =-++与x 轴的负半轴相交于点A ，与y 轴相交于点B （0，3），且∠OAB 的余切值为13． （1）求该抛物线的表达式，并写出顶点D 的坐标； （2）设该抛物线的对称轴为直线l ，点B 关于直线l 的对称点为C ，BC 与直线l 相交于点E ．点P 在直线l 上，如果点D 是△PBC 的重心，求点P 的坐标；（3）在（2）的条件下，将（1）所求得的抛物线沿y 轴向上或向下平移后顶点为点P ，写出平移后抛物线的表达式．点M 在平移后的抛物线上，且△MPD 的面积等于△BPD 的面积的2倍，求点M 的坐标．yABA B DC E F（第23题图） 60.5 90.5 120.5 150.5 180.5 210.5 时间（分钟） 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 27人数25．（本题共3小题，第（1）小题4分，第（2）、（3）小题每小题5分，满分14分）已知：如图，AB ⊥BC ，AD ∥BC ，3AB =，2AD =．点P 在线段AB 上，联结PD ，过点D 作PD 的垂线，与BC 相交于点C ．设线段AP 的长为x ． （1）当AP AD =时，求线段PC 的长；（2）设△PDC 的面积为y ，求y 关于x 的函数解析式，并写出函数的定义域； （3）当△APD ∽△DPC 时，求线段BC 的长．A B C D P （第25题图）A B CD（备用图）闵行区2011学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试数学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分） 1．D ． 2．A ． 3．B ． 4．B ． 5．A ． 6．C ．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．4；8．2(2)(2)x x x +-； 9．2x <-； 10．-3；11．23；12．32y x =--； 13．上升；14．12；15．CB ； 16．6；17．9或21；18．511256．三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分） 19．解：原式221(1)(1)(1)a a a a a +-+=⨯+-+ （3分）31a a +=-． （2分） 当31a =-时，原式3232+=- （3分）743=--． （2分）20．解：由①得25y x =-+．③ （2分）把③代入②，得22(25)70x x x --+++=．整理后，得2760x x -+=． （2分） 解得11x =，26x =． （2分） 由11x =，得 1253y =-+=． （1分） 由26x =，得21257y =-+=-． （1分）所以，原方程组的解是111,3.x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 226,7.x y =⎧⎨=-⎩ （2分）21．解：（1）由∠90ACB =，可知AC CD ⊥．于是，由AD 平分∠BAC ，DE AB ⊥，得16AC AE ==． （2分）在Rt △ABC 中，由 4s i n 5AC B AB ∠==，得20AB = （1分） 利用勾股定理，得 2222201612B C A B B C =-=-=．∴12BC = （2分）解：（2）∵20AB =，16AE =，∴4BE =．由DE AB ⊥，得90DEB ∠=．即得90DBE ABC ∠=∠=． 又∵DBE ABC ∠=∠，∴△DBE ∽△ABC ABC ． （2分） ∴DE BE AC BC =． 即得41612DE =．解得163DE =． （1分）Rt △ADE 中，16tan 3163AE ADE DE ∠===．∴tan 3ADE ∠=． （2分）22． 解：（1）根据题意，得3468930++++=． （2分）答：这个研究性学习小组所抽取样本的容量为30． （1分） （2）根据题意，得 8412+=（人）． （1分）所以120.440%30==． （1分）答：一天做家庭作业所用的大致时间超过150分钟的人数占被调查学生总人数的40%．（1分） （3）设一天做家庭作业所用的时间少于120分钟的学生约有x 人．根据题意，得 36=30200x+． （2分） 解得60x =． （1分） 答：估计一天做家庭作业所用时间少于120分钟的学生约有60人． （1分） 23． 解：（1）线段AD 与BC 的长度之间的数量为：3BC AD =． （1分）证明：∵AD // BC ，DE //AB ，∴四边形ABED 是平行四边形．∴AD BE =． （2分） 同理可证，四边形AFCD 是平行四边形．即得 A D F C =． （1分） 又∵ 四边形AEFD 是平行四边形，∴ A D E F =． （1分） ∴ A D B E E F F C===．∴ 3B C A D =． （1分）解：（2）选择论断②作为条件． （1分）证明：∵DE ∥AB ，∴B DEC ∠=∠． （1分）∵90B C ∠+∠=， ∴ 90DEC C ∠+∠=．即得90EDC ∠= ． （2分） 又∵EF FC =，∴ DF EF =． （1分） ∵ 四边形AEFD 是平行四边形，∴ 四边形AEFD 是菱形． （1分）24．解：（1）由点()0,3B ，可知 3OB =．在Rt △OAB 中，1cot 313OA OB OAB =⋅∠=⨯=． 即得点A （－1，0）． （1分）由抛物线2y x b x c =-++经过点A 、B ， 得130,3.b c -+=⎧⎨=⎩解得 2,3.b c =⎧⎨=⎩所以，所求抛物线的表达式为223y x x =-++． （2分）顶点D 的坐标为（1，4）． （1分）解：（2）该抛物线的对称轴直线l 为1x =． （1分）由题意，可知点C 的坐标为（2，3），且点E （1，3）为BC 的中点．∴1DE =． （1分） ∵点D 是△PBC 的重心， ∴22PD DE ==．即得3PE =． （1分） 于是，由点P 在直线l 上，得点P 的坐标为（1，6）． （1分）解：（3）由2PD =，可知将抛物线223y x x =-++向上平移2个单位，得平移后的抛物线的表达式为225y x x =-++． （1分） 设点M 的坐标为（m ，n ）．△MPD 和△BPD 边PD 上高分别为1m -、1， 于是，由△MPD 的面积等于△BPD 的面积的2倍， 得12m -=． 解得11m =-，23m =．∵点M 在抛物线225y x x =-++上，∴12n =，22n =． （2分） ∴点M 的坐标分别为()11,2M -、()23,2M ． （1分）25． 解：（1）过点C 作CE ⊥AD ，交AD 的延长线于点E ．∵AB BC ⊥，CE AD ⊥，PD ⊥CD ，AD // BC ， ∴∠ABC =∠AEC =∠PDC = 90°， 3CE AB ==． ∵AD // BC ，∴180A ABC ∠+∠= ．即得90A ∠= ． 又∵ADC DCE DEC ∠=∠+∠， ADC ADP PDC ∠=∠+∠， ∴ADP DCE ∠=∠．又由90A DEC ∠=∠=，得 △APD ∽△DCE ． ∴AD AP CE DE=． 于是，由2AP AD ==，得 3D E C E ==． （2分） 在Rt △APD 和Rt △DCE 中，得 22PD =，32CD =． （1分）于是，在Rt △PDC 中，得 22121827PC PD CD =+=+=． （1分）解：（2）在Rt △APD 中，由 2AD =，AP x =， 得24PD x =+． （1分）∵△APD ∽△DCE ， ∴AD PD CE CD=． ∴233422CD PD x ==+． （1分）在Rt △PCD 中，2221133(4)32224PCD S PD CD x x ∆=⋅⋅=⨯+=+．∴所求函数解析式为2334y x =+． （2分）函数的定义域为 0 < x ≤ 3． （1分）解：（3）当△APD ∽△DPC 时，即得△APD ∽△DPC ∽△DCE ． （1分）根据题意，当△APD ∽△DPC 时，有下列两种情况： （ⅰ）当点P 与点B 不重合时，可知 A P D D P C ∠=∠．由△APD ∽∽△DCE ，得AP PD DE DC =．即得AP DEPD CD =． 由△APD ∽△DPC ，得AP ADPD DC=． ∴AD DE CD CD =．即得2DE AD ==． ∴4AE =．易证得四边形ABCE 是矩形，∴4BC AE ==． （2分） （ⅱ）当点点P 与点B 重合时，可知 ABD DBC ∠=∠．在Rt △ABD 中，由2AD =，3AB =，得13BD =．由△ABD ∽△DBC ，得AD BDBD BC=． 即得21313BC =． 解得132BC =． （2分）∴△APD ∽△DPC 时，线段BC 的长分别为4或132．。
2012年上海市闵行区初中英语二模卷试题及参考答案【纯word版,完美打印】
闵行区2011学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分词汇和语法) II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)31. Ben studied the menu for ______ while and then ordered his meal.A) a B) an C) the D) /32. —Simon could look after ______ when he was five.— Really? How independent he was!A) he B) him C) his D) himself33. Shelly plans to visit Shanghai with her parents ______ August.A) at B) on C) in D) by34. Martha is happy as her daughter has made much ______ in her study recently.A) progress B) fun C) mistakes D) friends35. I’m too sleepy to go on reading, I’d better have ______ cup of coffee.A) other B) the other C) another D) others36. Nowadays even a small personal computer ______ store huge amounts of information.A) must B) need C) should D) can37. ______ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A) What B) What a C) What an D) How38. Ipad 2 is ______ accepted by the young people than those of other brands.A) widely B) more widely C) most widely D) the most widely39. A moment, please. I’m checking if Mr. Smith ______ free tomorrow．A) is B) will be C) was D) has been40. My uncle ______ as an engineer in a company since five years ago.A) will work B) worked C) has worked D) had worked41. You’d better not disturb Tony now as he ______ his speech for tomorrow’s meeting.A) is preparing B) will prepare C) was preparing D) has prepared42. The plane ______ by the terrible storm so the passengers had to wait at the airport fornearly 2 hours.A) would delay B) was delayed C) will delay D) has been delayed43. The river here is seriously polluted and I’ve warned Jack ______ in it.A) not to swim B) to not swim C) don’t swim D) doesn’t swim44. In the kindergarten, all the children liked to play with Miss Guo as she seemed so ______.A) gently B) friendly C) beautifully D) sadly45. Tom rarely visits her aunt during work days, ______?A) has he B) hasn’t C) does he D) doesn’t he46. Sonia never cleans ______ even offers to wash the dishes. How lazy he is!A) but B) and C) so D) or47. I really enjoyed your lecture ______ there were some parts I didn’t quite understand.A) because B) unless C) though D) when48. The young man has denied ______ the motorcycle near the Wal-Mart store.A) steal B) to steal C) stealing D) stole49. —I’m afraid French is too difficult for me.—______ You can do it!A) Don’t give up. B) I’m sorry to hear that .C) So am I. D) It’s too awful.50. —We plan to go out for a picnic next weekend. Would you like to come along?—______ It’s my favourite.A) Enjoy yourself. B) It doesn’t matter.C) You’re welcome.D) That would be very nice.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海市闵行区2012届高三英语二模试卷（含答案及听力文字）
第 1 页 共 17 页闵行区2011学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域内填涂。
答题时客观题用2B 铅笔按要求涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2. 本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷，共12页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
3. 考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。
第I 卷 (共105分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about about it, it, it, read read read the the the four four four possible possible possible answers answers answers on on on your your your paper, paper, paper, and and and decide decide decide which which which one one one is is is the the the best best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Next Saturday. B. Next Tuesday. C. Next Friday. D. Next Sunday. 2. A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. D. In a post office. 3. A. A manager and a customer. B. An employer and an employee. C. A professor and a student. D. An examiner and an examinee. 4. A. Tim ’s excellent performance. B. Tim’s assignment. C. Tim ’s graduation day. D. Tim ’s study habits. 5. A. To a hotel. B. To a restaurant. C. To a training class. D. To the train station. 6. A. An artist. B . A painter. C. A journalist. D. An architect. 7. A. To quit basketball. B. To go on playing basketball in spite of the failure. C. To give the reason for giving up basketball. D. To take part in another game. 8. A. They are looking for an apartment. B. The man does not like his bedroom. C. The woman enjoys shopping for clothes. D. They have just moved into an apartment. 9. A. She will decide later. B. She doesn’t care for either. C. She doesn ’t want to go out. D. She wants the man to decide. 10. 10. A. Her car is close-by. A. Her car is close-by. B. She lives far away. C. She has a new car. D. She wants the man to walk with her. 第 2 页 共 17 页Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. 11. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. B. She described some popular singers. C. She introduced the radio program to listeners. D. She played a new record. 12. 12. A. About the Big Hits. A. About the Big Hits. B. The History of Pop. C. The Road to Music. D. Pop Words. 13. 13. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. B. To provide the background with music. C. To help to understand the words to the big music hits. D. To hear from listeners ’ opinions on music. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. 14. A. They want to learn the basics of English. A. They want to learn the basics of English. B. They benefit from learning general English skills. C. They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English. D. They know clearly what they want to learn. 15. 15. A. Doctors. A. Doctors. B. Businessmen. C. Reporters. D. Lawyers. 16. 16. A. Three groups of learners. A. Three groups of learners. B. The importance of business English. C. English for Specific Purposes. D. Features of English for different purposes. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONEWORD for each answer. How long have the Kramers been on vacation? For a (17)_________. Who did David invite for the dinner? Some of the Kramers ’ friends and (18)____. Why does David want to have the dinner party? To thank the Kramers for their (19) ______. What does Nancy think of David? He is (20)_________. 第 3 页 共 17 页 Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfor each answer. What job does the woman suggest to the man? (21)_________________. What did Boris do for Mr. Alexander? (22)_________________. Where Where can can can the the the man man man ask ask ask for for for help help help according according according to to to the the woman? The (23)_________________. What What else else else does does does the the the applicant applicant applicant have have have to to to do do do besides besides filling out an application form? (24)_________________ (24)_________________ and and and provide provide three references. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. 25. This This kind kind of of of mistake, mistake, mistake, strange strange strange as as as it it it appears, appears, appears, is is is quite quite quite common common common ______ ______ ______ young young young English English beginners. A. within B. about C. among D. beyond 26. – May I smoke here? – If you _____, that ’s the smoking section over there. A. should B. must C. may D. could 27. 27. The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to strike this area. A. expects B. is expected C. has expected D. will be expected 28. Several measures had been tried out to improve the traffic situation, yet ______ of them seemed to work well. A. none B. both C. all D. either 29. 29. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. A. the most healthy B. more healthy a C. much a healthy D. a more healthy 30. 30. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work out well. A. carrying out B. being carried out C. carried out D. to be carried out 31. 31. Don Don’t answer any e-mails ______ your private information, however official they look. A. requesting B. to request C. requested D. having requested 32. 32. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. having stolen D. to steal 33. 33. What What people people learned learned learned from from China Got Talented was was that that that there there there were were were so so so many many many talented talented people out there waiting ______ A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 第 4 页 共 17 页 34. 34. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? A. why B. as C. where D. which 35. 35. The The school school rules rules rules state state state that no that no child child shall shall shall be be be allowed allowed allowed out out out of of of the the the school school school dating dating dating the day, the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 36. 36. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. A. what B. which C. that D . how 37. 37. When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more teachers are under great pressure. A. which B. since C. whether D. that 38. I ’m puzzled why he ______ back to me. He should have heard from me. A. hasn ’t written B. didn ’t write C. doesn ’t write D. hasn’t been writing 39. 39. You You ’d like to have an annual vacation after the project is completed, ______? A. had you B. hadn ’t you C. would you D. wouldn ’t you 40. 40. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. A. had the city B. has the city C. the city has D. the city had Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. employed B. possessions C. unprotected D. particularly E. admit F. identify G . limited H. non-existent I. consequently J. opportunities Historically, the traditional role of women of all classes in Britain had been confined (限制) to that of mother in the home. Single and childless women 41 had an uncomfortable and difficult time. The majority of women had no voting or political rights until 1928, and for centuries centuries wives wives wives and and and their their their property property property had had had been been been the the the legal legal 42 of of their their their husbands. husbands. husbands. Formal Formal education for women was thought to be unnecessary for their role in life, and was 43 for the majority. The female position in society became a little better in some respects towards the end of the nineteenth century, but was still very 44 . However, elementary education for all was established and a few institutions of higher education began to 45 women in restricted numbers. Since the 1960’s, women in Britain have been fighting for greater equality with men in job 46 and rates of pay. Various laws from the 1970’s to the present have been made. In spite spite of of of all all all these, these, these, men men men remain remain remain better better better paid paid paid than than than women women women in in in many many many occupations, occupations, 47 in industry. Women constitute (构成) ) nearly nearly nearly half half half the the the national national national workforce, workforce, workforce, there there there are are are more more employed employed married married married women women women in in in Britain Britain Britain than than than in in in any any any other other other European European European Community Community Community country, country, country, and and 第 5 页 共 17 页 some some 60 60 60 percent percent percent of of of wives wives wives are are are now now 48 compared compared with with with 22 22 22 percent percent percent in in in 1951. 1951. 1951. But But But their their average weekly wage is still only 70 percent of the average paid to men. This is true of both the the manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing trades trades trades and and and the the the service service service industries. industries. industries. As As As a a a result, result, result, the the the majority majority majority of of of female female workers are badly paid and often 49 by the trade unions or the law. III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In In business, business, business, there there there is is is a a a speed speed speed difference: difference: difference: It It It’’s s the the the difference difference difference between between between how how how important important important a a firm firm’’s s leaders leaders leaders say say say speed speed speed is is is to to to their their their competitive competitive strategy (策略) ) and and and how how how fast fast fast the the the company company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 . In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What What’’s more, the firms that “slowed downto 54 ” improved improved their their their top top top and and and bottom bottom bottom lines, lines, lines, averaging averaging averaging 40% 40% 40% higher higher higher sales sales sales and and and 52% 52% 52% higher higher operating income over a three-year period. How How did did did they they 55 the the laws laws laws of of of business, business, business, taking taking taking more more more time time time than than than competitors competitors competitors yet yet performing performing better? better? better? They They They thought thought 56 about about what what what ““slower slower”” and and ““faster faster”” mean. mean. Firms Firms sometimes 57 to to understand understand understand the the the difference difference difference between between between operation operation operation speed speed speed (moving (moving (moving quickly) quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In In our our our study, study, study, higher higher higher performing performing performing companies companies companies with with with strategic strategic strategic speed speed speed always always always made made made changes changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms firms that that that moved moved moved fast fast fast all all all the the the time, time, time, paid paid paid too too too much much much attention attention attention to to to improving improving 61 , , stuck stuck stuck to to tested methods, didn ’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about 62 . Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right right are are are more more more successful successful successful in in in meeting meeting meeting their their their business business business goals. goals. goals. That That That kind of kind of strategy strategy must must must come come from the top. 50. 50. A. according to A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of 51. 51. A. profit A. profit B . product C. speed D. method 52. 52. A. paused A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged 53. 53. A. situation A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty 54. 54. A. look on A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up 55. 55. A. learn A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer 第 6 页 共 17 页56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently 57. 57. A. fait A. fait B. attempt C. pretend D. desire 58. 58. A. convenient A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible 59. 59. A. alert A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific 60. 60. A. In short A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all 61. 61. A. welfare A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition 62. 62. A. qualities A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes 63. 63. A. serves as A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with 64. 64. A. temporarily A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)T his his book book book is is is designed designed designed to to to help help help you you you improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension skills skills skills by by studying studying 20 20 20 minutes minutes minutes a a a day day day for for for 20 20 20 days. days. days. Y Y ou ’ll ll start start start with with with the the the basics basics basics and and and move move move on on on to to to more more complex complex reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension and and and critical critical critical thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. Please Please Please note note note that that that although although each each chapter chapter chapter can can can be be be an an an effective effective effective skill skill skill builder builder builder on on on its its its own, own, own, it it it is is is important important important that that that you you you proceed proceed through this book in order, from Lesson I through Lesson 20. Each lesson builds on skills and ideas ideas discussed discussed discussed in in in the previous the previous chapters. As you you move move move through through through this this book book and and and your your your reading reading skills develop, the passages you read will increase both in length and in complexity. The book begins with a pretest, which will allow you to see how well you can answer various various kinds kinds kinds of of of reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension questions questions questions now, now, now, as as as you you you begin. begin. begin. When When When you you you finish finish finish the the book, take the posttest to see how much you ’ve improved. The The text text text is is is divided divided divided into into into four four four sections, sections, sections, each each each focusing focusing focusing on on on a a a different different different group group group of of of related related reading reading and and and thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. These These These strategies strategies strategies will will will be be be outlined outlined outlined at at at the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of each each section and then reviewed in a special “putting it all together ” final lesson. Each lesson provides several exercises that allow you to practice the skills you learn. To ensure you ’re on the right track, each lesson also provides answers and explanations for all of the the practice practice practice questions. questions. questions. Additionally, Additionally, Additionally, you you you will will will find find find practical practical practical suggestions suggestions suggestions in in in each each each chapter chapter chapter for for how to continue practicing these skills in your daily life. The The most most most important important important thing thing thing you you you can can can do do do to to to improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading skills skills skills is is is to to to become become become an an active active reader. reader. reader. The The The following following following guidelines guidelines guidelines and and and suggestions suggestions suggestions outlined outlined outlined will will will familiarize familiarize familiarize you you you with with active reading techniques. Use these techniques as much as possible as you work your way through the lessons in this book. 第 7 页 共 17 页65. 65. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. A. tell you where your starting level is B. arouse your interest in using the book C. illustrate the structure of the text D. introduce the test-taking techniques 66. 66. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Each chapter has an internal relationship with the previous chapter. B. The texts are arranged in the order of length and complexity. C. Different reading strategies are listed at the beginning of each section. D. The author suggests using the book selectively according to readers’ level. 67. 67. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? A. The function of each chapter. B. The outline of each section. C. The ways to be an active reader. D. The guidelines in using the book. (B)The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds too much of climbing mammals (哺乳动物哺乳动物) of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such as nice and small squirrels, are not as common overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally. Small Small mammals, mammals, mammals, being being being warm warm warm blooded, blooded, blooded, suffer suffer suffer hardship hardship hardship in in in the the the exposed exposed exposed and and and uncertain uncertain environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more rapidly. Thus, in the trees, where where protection protection protection from from from heat heat heat and and and cold cold cold may may may be be be scarce scarce scarce and and and conditions conditions conditions may may may be be be changeable, changeable, changeable, a a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature. Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs (嫩枝嫩枝) and branches in the canopy for insects, insects, flowers, flowers, flowers, or or or fruit, fruit, fruit, but but but small small small mammals mammals mammals are are are defeated, defeated, defeated, in in in the the the competition competition competition for for for food, food, food, by by large ones that have their own strategies for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of an an ape ape ape hanging hanging hanging below below below a a a branch branch branch draws draws draws the the the leaves leaves leaves down down down so so so that that that fruit-bearing fruit-bearing fruit-bearing leaves leaves leaves drop drop toward the ape ’s face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer outer twigs twigs twigs either either either by by by breaking breaking breaking and and and gaining gaining gaining the the the whole whole whole branch branch branch or or or by by by catching catching catching hold hold hold of of of hard hard branches with the feet or tail and picking food with their hands. Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing climbing animals animals animals to to to cross cross cross the the the wide wide wide gaps gaps gaps from from from one one one tree tree tree top top top to to to the the the next next next that that that typify typify typify the the the high high canopy. A gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard (跳板跳板). The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction (摩擦摩擦) against the relatively large surface area of its body. 68. Which of the following questions does the passage answer? A. How is the rain forest different from other habitats? B. How does an animal ’s body size influence an animal ’s need for food? 第 8 页 共 17 页C. Why does rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals? D. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest? 69. 69. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest? A. They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy. B. They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments. C. They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy. D. They use the trees of the canopy for protection from heat and cold. 70. 70. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. A. small animals require appropriately more food than larger animals do B. a large animal ’s size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy C. small animals are often attacked by larger animals in the rain forest D. small animals and large animals are equally good at obtaining food in the canopy 71. 71. According According to to the the the last last last paragraph, paragraph, paragraph, what what what makes makes makes jumping jumping jumping from from from one one tree tree crown crown crown to to to another another difficult for small mammals? A. Air friction against the body surface. B. The thickness of the branches. C. The dense leaves of the tree top. D. The inability to use the front feet as hands. (C)According According to to to sociologists, sociologists, sociologists, there there there are are are several several several different different different ways ways ways in in in which which which a a a person person person may may become become recognized recognized recognized as as as the the the leader leader leader of of of a a a social social social group group group in in in the the the United United United States. States. States. In In In the the the family family traditional cultural patterns confer (授予授予) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, cases, such such such as as as friendship friendship friendship groups, groups, groups, one one one or or or more more more persons persons persons may may may gradually gradually gradually emerge emerge emerge as as as leaders, leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research research have have have failed failed failed to to to produce produce produce consistent consistent consistent evidence evidence evidence that that that there there there is is is any any any category category category of of of ““natural leaders.leaders.”” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research research suggests suggests suggests that that that there there there are are are typically typically typically two two two different different different leadership leadership leadership roles roles roles that that that are are are held held held by by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks tasks by by by a a a social social social group. group. group. Group Group Group members members members look look look to to to instrumental instrumental instrumental leaders leaders leaders to to to ““get get things things things done.done.done.””Expressive Expressive leadership, leadership, leadership, on on on the the the other other other hand, hand, hand, is is is leadership leadership leadership that that that emphasizes emphasizes emphasizes the the the collective collective well-beings well-beings of of of a a a social social social group group group’’s s members. members. members. Expressive Expressive Expressive leaders leaders leaders are are are less less less concerned concerned concerned with with with the the 。
闵行区2012学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试参考资料
闵行区2012学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试语文试卷考生注意：1．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。
2．所有试题的答案必须全部涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。
3．本试卷共6页。
满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。
（16分）①仅仅在刚刚过去的2012年，我们便听到了众多老牌纸媒的噩耗。
拥有79年历史的美国老牌杂志《新闻周刊》宣布，最后一期印刷版杂志发行后停刊，全面转向数字杂志。
德国《纽伦堡晚报》、《法拉克福论坛报》、《德国金融时报》相继停刊，法国第二大经济类报纸《论坛报》也寿终正寝。
这股“纸媒之死”的洪流当然也淹没了图像类新闻杂志。
②早在1972年美国《LIFE》第一次停刊之时，专栏作家沙纳·亚历山大当时还不肯相信：“摄影杂志没有死，人们既未停止阅读，也没有丧失对周围世界的兴趣。
”这话说得固然不错，然而他没有料到脱离了纸这种介质，人们依然可以通过电子屏幕观看图像，亦能够畅游网络，保持着对周围世界更浓厚的兴趣。
我们可以通过Google Books阅读自《LIFE》创刊至1972年的所有文章，也能够看到它所有的精彩版面。
像纸张扼杀竹简一样，数字化把成吨的纸张简化到一张光盘上。
今天这个时代并没有失去任何新闻和惊心动魄的照片。
相反的，图像类纸质媒体和新闻摄影师们却正感到自己失去了一个时代。
③然而旧的死去并不一定是件坏事。
正如法国VU图片社创始人Christian说道：“我们已经有了获取新闻和图片的新渠道。
纸张可以算的上是一种奢侈行为。
我们为什么还要砍伐大量树木，污染大片水源？”况且，新形式的报道并不亚于传统媒体。
轰动一时的“维基解密”就是新式媒体的代表。
2010年7月，维基联合《卫报》发布“阿富汗战争日记”专题，内容包含超过几万份关于阿富汗战争的文档。
writing2012上海中考二模
What’s more, I can listen to music and see film to relax myself. I feel really happy to play games in my spare time. I know that we should have a happy life from it. Computers can bring us a lot. I love using computer to learn much, and you?
I have been a volunteer for two years. I often go to see some lochildren. Although life is unlucky to them, they still can feel happy from many small things. When I am helping them, I also learn a lot from them. I learn that although the life is hard, we must smile and meet the problems bravely.
• I used to be a shy girl but travelling makes me learn a lot. I become a brave girl because of traveling. Last year, I went to England with my parents. Unluckily, I lost my way in the streets and couldn’t find my parents.
I like reading books at my spare time. From books, I learn a lot. I can get much knowledge when I’m reading. Because of reading, I learn the history of china, the culture of different countries and so on. I can also get the way to succeed.
2012上海闵行区中考数学二模试题
2012上海闵行区中考数学二模试题
中考数学考什么，这是考生和家长最关心的问题。
以往的中考考题主要体现在对知识点的考查上，强调知识点的覆盖面，对能力的考查没有放在一个突出的位置上。
近几年的中考命题发生了明显的变化，既强调了由知识层面向能力层面的转化，又强调了基础知识与能力并重。
注重在知识的交汇处设计命题，对学生能力的考查也提出了较高的要求。
中考数学重点考查学生的数学思维能力已经成为趋势和共识。
初三学生可利用寒假时间对数学思想方法进行梳理、总结，逐个认识它们的本质特征、思维程序和操作程序。
有针对性地通过典型题目进行训练，能够真正适应中考命题。
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闵行区2011年第二学期九年级质量调研考试语文试卷一、文言文（42分）（一）默写（18分）1．东边日出西边雨，。
（《竹枝词》）2．，吹面不寒杨柳风。
（《绝句》）3．了却君王天下事，。
（《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）4．，两鬓苍苍十指黑。
（《卖炭翁》）5．无丝竹之乱耳，。
（《陋室铭》）6．登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。
（《岳阳楼记》）（二）阅读下面的一首诗，完成第7-8题（4分）黄鹤楼崔颢昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。
黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。
7．“历历”的含义是，“萋萋”的含义是。
（2分）8．下列理解错误的一项是（2分）A．这首诗从楼的命名写起，借神话传说生发开去。
B．颔联承接传说，抒发岁月不再、世事茫茫之慨。
C．颈联写眼前美好的景色，传达诗人内心喜悦之情。
D．这首诗抒发了诗人漂泊异地的伤感与思乡之情。
（三）阅读下文，完成第9-11题（8分）先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂。
今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。
然侍卫之臣不懈与内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
9．这段文字选自（人名）（篇名）。
（2分）10．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点词的含义。
（3分）然侍卫之臣不懈于．内11．这段文字分析了蜀国的内外形势，作者的用意是（3分）A．希望陛下认清形势，实施广开言路政策。
B．表达对“中道崩殂”的先帝的深切的怀念。
C．赞扬侍卫之臣和忠志之士的耿耿忠心。
D．表达出师伐魏以报效先帝的坚定决心。
（四）阅读下文，完成第12-15题（12分）乳母费氏，先祖母蔡太孺人之侍婢也。
燮四岁失母，育于费氏。
时值岁饥，费自食于外，服劳于内。
每晨起，负燮入市中，以一钱市一饼置燮手，然后治他事。
间有鱼飧瓜果，必先食燮，然后夫妻子母可得食也。
数年，费益不支，其夫谋去。
乳母不敢言，然常带泪痕。
日取太孺人旧衣溅洗补缀，汲水盈缸满瓮，又买薪数十束积灶下，不数日竟去矣。
燮晨入其室，空空然，见破床败几纵横；视其灶犹温，有饭一盏，菜一盂，藏釜内，即常所饲燮者也。
燮痛哭，竟亦不能食矣。
注：本文节选自郑燮《乳母诗序》。
乳母，又称奶妈，是雇用来以母乳喂哺婴儿的妇女。
12．解释下列句中加点词。
（4分）（1）负．燮入市中（）（2）间．有鱼飧瓜果（）13．文中画线句翻译正确的一项是（3分）A．费家的收益不抵支出，费家夫人打算离去。
B．浪费很多，不能支出，费氏的丈夫计划离开这个地方。
C．费家的生活越来越维持不下去，费氏的丈夫打算离开这个地方。
D．浪费更加厉害，入不敷出，费家夫人计划离去。
14．乳母便舍不得离开这个家，从文中句子“”可以看出。
（2分）15．联系全文，简要概括作者“痛哭”、“竟亦不能食”的原因。
（3分）二、现代文（48分）（一）阅读下文，完成第16－20题。
当容颜成为你的电子身份证①在旅客穿梭的火车站台上，一位男士眨眼间就被特工锁定；一位女杀手刚现身，特工的手机便发出报警信号，并显现出她的姓名等信息。
这是正在热映的《碟中谍4》中的经典镜头，它们向观众生动地展示着人脸识别科技的魅力。
实际上，该片在不经意间为人脸识别科技做了一个大广告。
②人脸识别技术应用的过程其实并不神秘。
首先对目标进行检测，即判断输入的图像中是否存在人脸。
如果是，便检测出人脸器官的位置和形状等信息。
然后进行人脸比对，根据面部特征定位的结果，与数据库中的人脸进行对比，从而判断该人脸的身份信息。
③建立人脸图像数据库是人脸识别技术应用的基础工程，数据库信息的完备程度在很大程度上决定了人脸识别技术应用效果。
清华大学电子工程系曾承担“人脸识别查询技术”国家攻关课题，为此建有256万张人脸图像的人脸识别数据库，可以达到每秒256万张高速识别，也就是说，一张人脸图像在1秒钟内就可以和256万张人脸一一比对，轻松完成核查。
④实现《碟中谍4》中人脸识别技术的高端应用当然离不开现代移动互联科技，实际上正是两者之间天衣无缝的融合，才达到令人惊叹的神奇效果。
影片中的特工实际上佩戴了具有无线摄像功能的隐形眼镜，它可以实时捕获信息并通过蓝牙等近距传输工具发送给手机，手机将捕获的图像或视频通过无线通信上传至云端的搜索引擎，进而利用后台强大的人脸识别系统瞬间完成审查甄别，对目标身份信息做出判断。
这并不是什么科幻，现实生活中这一点已经能够做到。
⑤现有的人脸识别系统在用户比较配合、采集条件比较理想的情况下，可以取得令人满意的结果。
但是，在用户不配合、人脸信息采集条件不理想的情况下，现有系统的识别率将陡然下降。
光照、姿态、装饰等，对机器识别人脸结果的准确性都有或多或少的影响。
目前世界最先进的人脸识别系统也有1%识别误读率。
⑥在推进人脸识别技术在中国的应用过程中，2008年北京奥运会功不可没。
奥运会主办方在对开闭幕式入场券进行实名制管理过程中，要求入场券持有者提交个人信息和身份照片，并利用人脸识别技术进行门票实名制身份验证。
这实际上是奥运史上首次将人脸识别技术作为人员身份识别的智能化手段引入其安保工作，是人脸识别技术在华发展的里程碑。
⑦在网络技术飞速发展的背景下，信息被窃取事件层出不穷。
近期发生的国内最大的程序员社区数据库遭黑客攻击、600余万用户信息泄露事件，再次提醒人们，防范黑客攻击、确保信息安全刻不容缓。
在此背景下，知名互联网企业网易近日宣布将推出电子邮箱人脸识别系统，其邮箱用户可以选择在异地登录时要求人脸认证，或者短时间多次输错密码被锁定后进行人脸认证解锁。
此举把人脸识别技术一步引入网络信息安全管理领域。
【链接】人脸识别属于生物特征识别技术。
是对生物体（一般特指人）本身的生物特征来区分生物体个体。
生物特征识别技术包括人脸识别、视网膜识别、语音识别、体形识别、键盘敲击识别、签字识别等。
人脸识别被认为是生物特征识别领域最困难的研究课题之一。
人脸识别的困难主要是人脸作为生物特征的重点所带来的，主要是表现为人脸结构的相似性和人脸外形的易变性。
另外，人脸识别还受光照条件、人脸的很多遮盖物、年龄等多方面因素的影响。
16.用简洁的语言概括：人脸识别技术是指。
（3分）17.人脸识别的应用过程分为两步：一是，二是。
（4分）18.概括第③④⑤段的说明要点：第③段；第④段；第⑤段。
（6分）19.从本文的阅读可知，人脸识别技术可以应用于和。
（4分）20.如何才能提高人脸识别技术的准确性？简要谈谈你的看法。
（3分）（二）阅读下文，完成第21－26题（28分）最好的老师①当汤普生夫人站在五年级学生面前时，她撒了个谎：像绝大多数老师一样，在第一次面对学生时，总是告诉孩子们，将对他们一视同仁。
②但事实上，这是不可能的。
比如，汤普生夫人就很不喜欢坐在第一排的那个名叫特德的小男孩。
汤普生夫人注意到这个孩子很乖张，与其他孩子合不来；他总是穿着一身脏兮兮的衣服，似乎从未洗过澡；他的学习也很不好……每当汤普生夫人的目光落到特德身上，她就会不由自主地皱眉头。
③一天校方要求汤普生夫人必须阅读班上每个孩子的档案。
她把特德的那份抽了出来，放在了最后。
然而，当她读到这个孩子的评语时她感到前所未有的zhèn hàn。
④一年级的老师这样写道：“特德是一个聪明的孩子，作业整洁而优美，很有礼貌……总是给大家带来欢乐。
”二年级的老师写道：“特德很优秀，同学们很喜欢他。
但这孩子很不幸，他妈妈的病已到了晚期。
家庭生活对他而言将是一场考验。
”三年级的老师写道：“妈妈的死给他很大打击。
虽然他试着尽最大努力，但他的父亲对这些丝毫不在意。
如果不采取措施，那会毁了他的。
”四年级的老师写道：“特德对学习不感兴趣，他孤僻内向，没有朋友，有时还在课堂上睡大觉。
”⑤直到这时，汤普生夫人才意识到问题的所在，她为自己感到羞愧。
圣诞节来临，孩子们都送来了精致，漂亮的礼品，煞是惹人喜爱。
特德也送来一份，不过是用一张包装食品的褐色旧包装纸包裹着的。
如果在从前，汤普生夫人会不由自主地皱下眉，而现在，汤普生夫人却感觉沉甸甸的。
⑥汤普生夫人把特德的礼品打开时，她感到一阵心酸。
里面是一只缺损了的人造水晶手镯和一只装着小半瓶香水的玻璃瓶。
在孩子们的嘲笑声中，汤普生夫人当即把手镯戴上，惊叹道：“多美的手镯呀！”随后，她又把特德送的香水喷在手腕处——汤普生夫人的举动止住了孩子们的笑生，全场鸦雀无声。
3⑦那天放学后，特德一反常态在教室里待了很久。
仅仅为了和汤普生夫人讲一句话。
他说：“老师，您今天的样子和我妈妈一样，她常常像您那样，闻我送的香水。
”⑧孩子走了以后，汤普生夫人哭了至少一个小时。
从今天开始，汤普生夫人的教师工作多了一项内容，用不同的方式鼓励，诱导孩子们。
汤普生夫人给予特德特别的关注。
现在，只要和她在一起，他的思维就好像一下子活跃起来。
她越是鼓励他，他的反应就越敏锐。
⑨学年结束的时候，特德已经成为班上最优秀的孩子中的一员。
不过汤普生夫人“一视同仁”的诺言始终没有兑现——从前，特德是她的“弃儿”，现在则成了她的“宠儿”。
一年以后，她家的门缝下塞进了一封信，是特德写的。
在信中，特德告诉她，她是她一生中遇到过的最好的老师。
⑩六年过去了，汤普生夫人收到特德的第二封信。
他写道，他已经高中毕业，在班上名列第三。
转眼又是四年，汤普生夫人再次收到特德的信。
特德说日子很艰难，但他顽强地抗争着，很快就要大学毕业。
又过了几年，这一次特德的署名悄悄的长了一点，前面冠以“医学博士”的字样。
虽然特德每次来信的内容不尽相同，但每次他在信中都会对汤普生夫人说同样一句话：您是我一生中遇到的最好的老师。
就在那年春天，汤普生夫人又收到一封了来信。
特德说他遇上了好姑娘，并且快要结婚了。
他想知道汤普生夫人愿不愿意在他结婚那天，坐在新郎母亲通常坐的那个位置上。
当然，汤普生夫人答应了。
（11）就在那一天，汤普生夫人特意戴上那缺损了的人造水晶手镯，喷上那只玻璃瓶里的香水。
他们拥抱在一起，特德在汤普生夫人耳边轻轻说道：“谢谢，多谢您的信任，汤普生夫人。
是您让我意识到自己很重要，并明白自己的确可以做到非同一般。
”（12）汤普生夫人含着泪花，大声说：“你错了，特德。
正是你使我意识到了自己是很重要的人。
在遇到你之前，我根本就不知道应该怎样教我的学生”。
（13）此刻，暖流，淌过了在场每个人的心田。
21.第①段说生夫人“撒了一个谎”，为什么这样说？（3分）22.根据第③段的拼音写汉字：zhèn hàn（2分）23.第⑤段画线句中，汤普生夫人意识到特德的“问题”是；她“羞愧”是因为。
（6分）24.第⑥段和第11段，两次写到汤普生夫人戴手镯和喷香水，分别体现了人物怎样的内心情感？（6分）25.文章后半部分写特德给汤普生夫人的五封信，这部分内容在文中有什么作用？下列理解最恰当的一项是（）（3分）A．表现了老师的教育取得了成功，深化了文章主题。