新高考英语二轮复习专题四定语从句教师版

定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。

因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。

2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。

一、关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I amworking.The boy(whom) she loved died in thewar.命题趋势考点清单专题四××定语从句二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别1. that和which的用法区别在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。

但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：①当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.①当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.①当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.①当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。

如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.①当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。

如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.①当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。

如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?（2）只能用which而不能用that的情形：①当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。

如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.①关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。

如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.①先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。

如：I don’t take that which is too expensive.2. who(whom)和that的用法区别详解在定语从句中，关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）用who(whom)而不用that的情形①在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。

如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.①当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。

如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?①当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。

如：Those who want to go there come here please.①当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all（指人）时，只能用who(whom)。

如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy.①先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。

如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.①在there be句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。

如：There are students in our class who/whom you have not met.①当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。

如：The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.（2）用that而不用who(whom)的情形①当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.①当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.①当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。

如：Who is woman that you talked with just now?①the same as与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。

如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。

（暗含：她偷了我的上衣）She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。

（暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件）三、关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词一览表四、“介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句1.概述“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which。

whom既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。

常见的有以下几种结构：（1）介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. （2）名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.（3）形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.（4）介词+关系代词+名词I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。

（不能使用whose）2.关系代词的选择用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。

精题集训（70分经典训练一、单句语法填空1.（2020·全国I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。

分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。

2.（2020·全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。

此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。

故填whose。

3.（2019·浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。

这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that 或which引导。

故填that/which。

4.（2019·全国①卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。