学术英语abstract写作共25页
学术英语(理工)abstract
电脑黑客是如何侵入计算机的？摘要：对于黑客是如何进入计算机这个问题，要想简单地去解释是很困难的。
在本文中，我们将提供很多细节并且分析黑客侵入计算机所使用的方法。
一般来说，侵入计算机有三种形式：进入计算机系统的存储目录，掌控系统的处理能力，捕获计算机系统之间的信息交流。
至于使用的方法，我们可以简要地描述为利用计算机中的漏洞，包括已知的漏洞，如因功能需要所存在的漏洞；还有就是未知的漏洞，如由欠佳的工程处理所致或从那些原本需要的功能中产生了意外的后果。
另外，在黑客利用所开发出的技术之前，他们必须明确目标系统的规格，然后便能利用已知构型的漏洞来侵入电脑了。
当然，从黑客所使用的技术中，我们也可受到启发，如何去限制和管理系统漏洞，以此来保护我们的计算机。
关键词：计算机，非授权用户，漏洞，安全。
How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer? Abstract: It is very difficult if you want to simply explain how computer hackers “get inside” a computer. In this text, we will provide lots of details and analyze the way hackers use to invade into the computer. Generally speaking, there’re three patterns of getting inside the computer, which refer to gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of system, or capturing information being communicated between systems. As for the method, concisely, we can describe it as exploiting vulnerabilities, which includes known vulnerabilities, exist as the result of needed capabilities, and the unknown vulnerabilities, the result of poor engineering or arise from unexpected consequence of the needed capabilities. On the other hand, the unauthorized user must determine the specification of the target system, and then they can exploit the configuration’s known vulnerabilities. Of course, from the hackers’ method, we can also be enlightened how to limit and manage the vulnerabilities of your system in order to assure the security of the computer.Keywords: computer, unauthorized user, vulnerabilities, security.。
学术英语abstract写作
文摘的文体结构
摘要_应具备的要素
简明扼要（conciseness）:去除文献中的次要 材料或辅助细节。
客观公正（objectivity）:摘要中不应有原文中 没有的信息资料。
全面完整（completeness）:要包括主题思想， 主要资料，结论或建议。
摘要中常见错误
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· Omit obscure abbreviations.
· Write the paper before you write the abstract.
Sample:
background
Feedback and assessment play an important role in teaching and learning of oral presentation skills. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of an innovative instruction that uses a Student Response System for peer assessment of oral presentations. A large number of oral presentations were assessed and students’ perceptions and learning what
Note:
有时由于篇幅的限制，摘要的内容不一定包括有五 个要素，因而需要缩减摘要的字数和内容。经过压 缩的摘要通常只能突出两个或三个要点，其中最重 要的应该是阐明研究的结果。简要的资料性摘要往 往省略背景知识。如果允许的字数范围内，摘要可 以在最后用一到两句话进行总结并提出建议。一篇 简要的资料性摘要的内容通常包括：
学术英文摘要范文
学术英文摘要范文Title: A Study on the Impact of Digital Technology on Language Learning Motivation among Secondary School StudentsAbstract:This study examines the influence of digital technology on language learning motivation among secondary school students. In the era of digitalization, the integration of technology into education has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in language learning. Against this backdrop, the present research aims to explore how digital tools and platforms, such as educational apps, online courses, and language learning software, affect students' motivation to learn a foreign language. Background and Significance:With the globalization of economies and the proliferation of digital devices, the demand for proficient language skills has never been higher. Consequently, language learning motivation has emerged as a critical factor influencing learning outcomes. However, little is known about how digital technology, which offers unprecedented access to language learning resources and interactive learning experiences, influences students' motivation.Research Questions:What are the primary digital tools and platforms used by secondary school students for language learning?How do these digital tools and platforms impact students' motivation to learn a foreign language? What are the specific factors within digital technology that contribute to enhanced motivation, and which may hinder it?Methodology:A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A survey was administered to a sample of 500 secondary school students from various schools in a metropolitan area, collecting information on their language learning habits, digital tool usage, and self-reported motivation levels. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of 20 students to gain deeper insights into their experiences and perceptions of digital technology in language learning.Results:The findings reveal that digital technology plays a significant role in shaping language learning motivation among secondary school students. The majority of respondents reported using educational apps, online courses, and language learning software as their primary digital tools for language learning. These tools were found to positively impact motivation through personalized learning experiences, increased access to learning materials, and interactive feedback mechanisms. However, factors such as excessive screen time, distractions from social media, and technical difficulties were identified as potential hindrances to motivation.Conclusions and Implications:This study underscores the importance of digital technology in enhancing language learning motivation among secondary school students. The findings have practical implications for educators, policymakers, and technology developers, highlighting the need for strategic integration of digital tools and platforms into language learning curricula. Future research should explore more nuanced relationships between digital technology and language learning motivation, including the role of individual differences and contextual factors.Keywords: Digital technology, language learning motivation, secondary school students,educational apps, online courses.。
学术英语写作Unit 5 Abstract
What is an abstract?
An abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the essential information of a paper, article, document or book; presents the objective, methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive style. An abstract is a summary of a body of information. Sometimes, abstracts are in fact called summaries-sometimes, executive summaries or executive abstracts. There are different kinds of abstracts— your technical report uses two types: the descriptive abstract and the informative abstract.
Descriptive Abstracts
In this type of abstract, you don't summarize any of the facts or conclusions of the report. The descriptive abstract does not say something like this: Problem: Based on an exhaustive review of currently available
学术英语Abstract
AbstractIT ,A hot topic,which lasts for several years.That,s is sure ,as one of IT area,cloud storage has become more and more popular.After some enquiring comprehending aroudsdudents.It authenticate that although many students are using cloud storage,but they don,t understand pared the capacitance,they pay more attention to the advantages,disadvantages,secure,sustainability and internet speed.Andthen Searching for Google for some hours，it found that almost the big companies have advanced cloud storage technologies，some of them provide customer free storage enclosure，other gather some lease fee.Once some experts forecast cloud storage unsupersedetate.So,both customer angle and supplier angle,studying cloud storage has giant significance.This article is about enterprise-level cloud data storage. For consumer-level file hosting services, see file hosting service.Based on investigating quantities of materials，With self analysis and elaborative arrange，formed this article,which aim at helping the cloud storage customers understandthe details of their commodity.This article will show you the glamour of cloud storage.Meanwhile,promting the development of cloud storage.Key words: History Architecture Advantages concerns翻译：IT 行业，一个已经持续了几年的脱手可热的话题。
Abstract Writing-学术英语写作
Method
Sentence
Using…(technique)，we studied… Using…，it was found that… The…was(were)measured using…
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Example
sentence & vocabulary.
The impacts of our obtained results are ...
Tips:
Abstracts are typically a paragraph or two and should be no more than 10% of the length of the full essay. If you will be combine the main content of the paper and the four template (PARI) connection into the nature sentence, you will get a high quality of the abstract.
9
How
to write a good abstract?
1）Use short sentences.
2）Past tense.
Such as: Describes the author's work usually use the past tense (Because the work was done in the past).On the contrary, work in the statement by these conclusions should be use the present tense.
学术英语abstract写作
摘要的内容
内容通常包括：
1. 背景知识或文献回顾（Background Information/Literature Review）
2. 研究的主要目的和范围（Principal Purpose） What is the problem to be solved? What has been done? What are the results?
results
Note:
有时由于篇幅的限制，摘要的内容不一定包括有五 个要素，因而需要缩减摘要的字数和内容。经过压 缩的摘要通常只能突出两个或三个要点，其中最重 要的应该是阐明研究的结果。简要的资料性摘要往 往省略背景知识。如果允许的字数范围内，摘要可 以在最后用一到两句话进行总结并提出建议。一篇 简要的资料性摘要的内容通常包括：
presentations were assessed and students’ perceptions and learning
progress concerning the particular instructional approach were
method
investigated. Results showed that the Student Response System was an
• Use present tense, past tense and present perfect tense
• Specify any abbreviations
• Use objective, academic instead of emotional words and expressions
of oral presentation skills. This study describes the implementation and
(上传)学术论文英文摘要的写作-English
第8页，共35页。
Because of its importance, the Abstract has acquired a very rigid structure used by most writers.
In order to find out what this structure is, we look at an Abstract of a research paper from the Journal of Asian Pacific Communication and then ask a number of questions.
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第11页，共35页。
(4) The study showed that, with proper training, Chinese students could quickly adapt to a student-centred approach, and also provide rich and useful feedback on the writing of their peers. (5) This study has promising implications for educational contexts where students are considered passive learners, teacher-centred learning is the norm, or the process approach to writing faces daunting challenges to its implementation.
4
第4页，共35页。
Because of its importance in academic writing, a research paper has a special form/format that has to be followed if one is to get a good grade from the instructor marking the paper or have the paper published/accepted.