考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part4
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part4Part Four"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But ," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging - 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas（胰腺）。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 2
1994 Passage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically , making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United State today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________".[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.重点词汇：deposit （v.n.存放；储蓄；沉淀）即de+pos+it，de-向下，pos 词根“放”，it 后缀，“放下它”。
1994年考研英语阅读解析
1994年考研英语阅读解析The 1994 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam, known forits challenging reading comprehension section, tested the candidates' ability to understand complex texts, extract information, and infer meanings from various contexts. This analysis will delve into the structure, themes, andstrategies that can be employed to tackle such a section effectively.Structure and Format:The reading comprehension section typically consisted of several passages, each followed by a set of questions. These passages could range from academic texts to more general interest articles, covering a wide array of topics such as science, literature, history, and current events.Themes and Topics:In 1994, the themes were diverse, aiming to assess a candidate's broad understanding of English in different contexts. Topics could include scientific breakthroughs, analyses of historical events, or discussions on socio-economic issues. The passages were often dense withinformation and required careful reading to grasp the nuances.Question Types:Questions in the reading comprehension section could beof various types, including but not limited to:1. Factual Recall: Asking for specific information fromthe text.2. Inference Questions: Requiring candidates to infer the author's intent or the implications of the information provided.3. Vocabulary-in-Context: Testing the understanding of words based on their usage in the passage.4. Main Idea or Thesis: Identifying the central argumentor theme of the passage.5. Purpose of the Text: Determining why the text was written or the author's purpose.Strategies for Success:1. Pre-reading: Skim through the passages to get ageneral idea of the content and structure before diving into the questions.2. Active Reading: Engage with the text by underliningkey points, noting down summaries, and identifying the main ideas of each paragraph.3. Question-Answer Approach: Read each question carefully and refer back to the text to locate the relevant information.Avoid making assumptions that are not supported by the text.4. Inference and Deduction: Practice making logical deductions based on the evidence provided in the passage. This is particularly important for inference questions.5. Time Management: Allocate your time wisely. Complex questions should not consume too much time, and it'sessential to leave some time for reviewing your answers.Common Pitfalls:1. Misreading Questions: Ensure you understand what is being asked before you start searching for the answer in the text.2. Overlooking Details: Details are crucial in reading comprehension. Missing a single word can lead to a wrong interpretation.3. Time Pressure: Do not let the clock dictate your pace. It's better to take a little more time to ensure accuracy than to rush and make mistakes.Conclusion:The 1994 Postgraduate Entrance English Exam reading comprehension section was a rigorous assessment of a candidate's English proficiency. By employing effective strategies, understanding the structure and types of questions, and avoiding common pitfalls, candidates canimprove their performance in similar sections of the exam. It is also a reminder of the importance of a well-rounded approach to language learning, where reading is not just about decoding words but also about understanding the deeper meanings and nuances of the text.。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 5
1994 Passage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of society科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994passage
1994 Passage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal —and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of society科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。
1994年考研英语真题及解析
1994年考研英语真题精解精析1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。
1994年试题题型与1993年相比，题型发生了很大的变化，“语法结构与词汇”分为3个部分进行考察：语法选择题、语法辩错题及词汇题。
题量减少了5题，计分也相应地减少。
总体难度方面，各部分都较1993年略有增加。
SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文讲述了语言中最小单位单词的选词问题，恰当的选词可以消除交流障碍，不慎重的词语却会造成误会。
【英汉对照】41.A.of(……的)B.at(在……点)C.for(为了)D.on(在……上)42.A.inaccessible(无法获得的) B.timely(及时地)C.likely(可能地)D.invalid(无用的)43.A.encourages(鼓励)B.prevents(阻止)C.destroys(破坏)D.offers(给予)44.A.pass out(昏倒，分发)B.take away(拿走，带走)C.back up(备份，储备)D.stir up(激励，刺激)45.A.who(指代人)B.as(正如)C.which(指代无)D.what(所……的)46.A.Moreover(而且，此外)B.However(然而)C.Preliminarily(初步地)D.Unexpectedly(意外地)47.A.that(那)B.It(它)C.so(所以)D.this(这)48.A.speech(讲话)B.sense(感觉)C.message(信息)D.meaning(意思)49.A.obscure(模糊的)B.difficult(困难的)C.impossible(不可能的)D.unable(无能的)50.A.case(事例，案例)B.means(方式)C.method(方法)D.way(方法)【核心词汇】b reakdown['breikdaun]n.崩溃；衰竭；（关系、计划或讨论等的）中断，（机械）破损，故障；垮台，破裂（break+down下→崩溃）comprehension[7kCmpri5henFEn]a.理解（力）,领悟；包含，包含力（comprehend（d）+sion 名词后缀）eliminate[i'limineit]vt.除去;淘汰;排（删,消）除;削减（人员）,杀掉，干掉（e出+limin+ate动词后缀→出门槛→删除）interfere[,intə'fiə]v.（in）干涉,干预;介入,（with）妨碍,打扰（inter相互+fer带来+e动词后缀→干涉）reception[ri5sepFEn]n.接待,招待会;接收,接受,接收效果,欢迎,欢迎会;接待处（re再+cept拿+ion名词后缀→接受）transmission[trAnz5miFEn]n.播送,发射;传动,传送，传播；传动装置，变速器（trans跨越＋miss+ion名词后缀→传送过去）transmit[trænz'mit]vt.传输＆导；转送；发射，播送，广播；传播，传染；传导vi.发射信号；发报（trans跨越＋mit→送过去→传达）utmost[5QtmEust]a.最远的;极度的；极端的n.极限,极度,最大可能【超纲词汇】inaccurate[in'ækjurət]a.错误的indefinite[in'definət]adj.不确定的；模糊的；无限的unfavorable[5Qn5feivErEbl]adj.不宜的；令人不快的；不顺利的【常用词组】break down分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服interfere with干扰，干涉；触动或弄坏；乱动；与……抵触【答案与详解】41.答案→A考点→介词词组解题技巧→本文第一句提出，对于语言来说，首先可以讨论的最小单位是单词。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 4
1994P a s s a g e4 "Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertW ei nberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,"somepeoplemayhavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillr apidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsof infection s,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswer eavailable."Thisyear,50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCance rInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothe rsurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging—13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthe pancreas. Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheeaact[B]重点词汇：infection（in+fect+ion，in-在内，fect词根“做”，面起作效的），2002年T ext1。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994-Passage-1
1994 Passage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the products is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In line 8, paragraph 1, "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profits重点词汇：market-oriented（以市场为导向的）←market市场+orient定位+ed 形容词后缀。
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Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions重点词汇：denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。
Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。
难句解析：①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.▲第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。
△第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。
②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。
△要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。
在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。
③And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.▲这是一个强调结构，强调的是in the public schools，后面find 的宾语expression of society's understanding又有一个补语，而其中又包含一个定语从句。