新视野第四册word版 (5)
Book4unit-5 新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit 5
Teaching Aim
UNIT 5
Presentation Rules and Strategies
Summary
Teaching Aims
• Students could prepare a presentation about one city or special tourist attraction working in groups; • Students could present the sightseeing information about the city or the tourist attraction, and other students could acquire the information; • Students could learn the rules and strategies for presenting and translating information of sightseeing.
云南
拉萨 广西 四川 西安 湖南 洛阳 南昌 云南 湖南
龙门石窟
滕王阁 西双版纳 张家界
Scenic Spots （Chinese）
北京
北京 河南 江西
河北
Additional Vocabulary
Mogao Caves
Yellow Crane Tower
West Lake Yellow Mountain Sun Yat Sen Mausoleum
莫高窟 黄鹤楼 西湖 黄山 中山陵 孔庙 碑林 太湖 三峡 秦皇陵 泰山 大雁塔 乐山大佛
少林寺 北戴河 中山陵 颐和园 大雁塔 莫高窟
黄果树瀑布 龙门石窟 乐山大佛 九寨沟风景区 布达拉宫 武陵源风景区
新视野读写教程第四册Unit5 Text A 课文详解
Section A S p e a k i n g C h i n e s e i n A m e r i c a
20 Having listened to both Chinese and English, I’m suspicious of comparisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. English speakers say Chinese is extremely difficult because different words can be denoted by very subtle variations in tone.
Section A S p e a k i n g C h i n e s e i n A m e r i c a
7 Sau-sau sighed, acting as if she were doing my mother a favor by taking the scrap off the tray and sparing us the trouble of wrapping the leftovers in foil.
Section A S p e a k i n g C h i n e s e i n A m e r i c a
12 As any child of immigrant parents knows, there is a special kind of double bind attached to knowing two languages. My parents, for example, spoke to me in both Chinese and English; I spoke back to them in English.
新视野大学英语第四册unit5B...
新视野大学英语第四册unit5B...Culture makes the business world go round文化推动商业世界的运转Edward Hall, a leader in the field of intercultural studies, famously said: "The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture." Can cultural differences have as big an impact on international business ventures as financial planning and visionary leadership? The surprising answer is: Yes!他曾说过一句名言：“商业成功的最大障碍是由文化竖立的障碍。
”对国际企业来说，文化差异难道真的和财务规划及前瞻性领导有着同样大的影响吗？答案是出人意料的：的确如此！A good example is the role of relationships in business dealings. While relationships play only a minor role in US business culture, they play a major role in Asian, African, and Middle Eastern countries. In these cultures, in varying degrees, relationship building is like a torch that lights and guides the way for business to occur.一个很好的例子，人际关系在生意往来中所起的作用。
新视野第四册Unit5SectionA课件
People refer to him as the high priest of science fiction.
He is widely regarded as the high priest of calligraphy.
29
While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul … (L.46)
stretch v. 1) 伸展；拉紧
stretch a rope tight stretch one’s neck / arms / legs / oneself 2) be fully stretched 竭尽所能；全力以赴 3) 滥用；曲解 stretch the law / one’s principles 4) stretch out 拉长，伸长; 躺平，舒展 The rubber band can be stretched out to twice its length. He stretched himself out on the sofa and fell asleep.
1) Para. 11: author’s comments comparison If you live with other people, … But it’s different when you live alone, …
2) Para. 12~13: it is human that we need to talk to others Who may the person living in solitude talk to?
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案(Unit 5 Why culture counts)
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit 5 Why culture countsSection A5-2 Text A: Speaking Chinese in AmericaPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11. I like your … (e.g. "I like your hat.") / I love your … (e.g. "I love your shoes.")2. When we like the way they look.3. Thank you.4. Japanese culture. When you compliment people on their belongings, they feel they have to give them to you. But in American culture, the appropriate response is to say "thank you".Pre-reading activities-21) Examples can be:(a) n. + 很 + a. (e.g. 你的裙子很漂亮。
)(b) 我很喜欢 + n. (e.g. 我很喜欢你书房的摆设。
)2) Yes, the traditional way Chinese people respond toa compliment is different from the American way. Rather than saying "thank you", we Chinese tend to say something to show that we or the object we own is not that good. For example, we may say "哪里" (meaning "it is nothing"). But in modern days, many people have adopted the English way of responding to a compliment. They say "thank you" very often too.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) Because she thought her Sau-sau just pretended to be polite. (Her Sau-sau ate up the dish in the end although she said she didn't want it at first.)2) They should say directly whether they want to have anything or not, rather than refuse for the sake of politeness even if they in fact want to eat it.3) It said that Chinese language and culture are very indirect and polite.4) They thought that she was not respectful if she questioned them.5) Her parents were very clear when they demanded her to do something, but Americans generally think the Chinese language is discreet.6) To support her opinion that to understand the difference between languages and behavior just through literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations. (OR: To support her opinion that it is dangerous to view the gulf between different languages and behavior through translation.)7) She feels that it is annoying because such a description does not express new ideas, honest emotions or considered thought.8) They answer "yes" or "no" by saying something specific to what is asked because there is no one word in Chinese for "yes" or "no".(OR: They express "yes" or "no" by referring directly to the proposition being asserted or denied.) Reading comprehension-21) I think there are three things we can do to avoid misunderstandings of foreign cultures. Firstly, we can look for information about those cultures on the Internet. There are many websites that introduce foreign countries' geography, languages and customs, so we can do some research online to get the necessary information. Secondly, we can visit foreign countries, which will enable us to experience their cultures in person and understand them better. Thirdly, we can make friends with foreigners who are traveling or are living in our country. Communicating with them in daily life will help us know their customs, and hence we are less likely to misunderstand people from their countries.2) Yes, I know some stereotypes of Europeans and European languages. Here are a few examples: French people are romantic, and the French language is beautiful; Italians are fashionable, and Italy has the best cuisine in the world. I have watched many moviesin which French people are indeed romantic, although I have never met any French in person. A common scene in the movies is that a French man gives flowers to his girlfriend or wife, or two persons meet by chance and fall in love quickly.No, I have never read about or heard of any stereotype of a foreign country, its people, or its language. I think people in different countries or cultures of the world have more similarities than differences. For instance, we all consider such values as honesty, diligence and patriotism important qualities of being a good man or a good citizen, no matter which country we live in or what language we speak. Hence, I think there are no essential differences between peoples or cultures, and I don't have any stereotype of any foreign country, its people, or its language.3) Chinese people generally use expressions like "possibly no" or "I'm afraid it won't work" to say "no" to others. This makes them less direct in giving rejections. However, when people with greater authority or power say "no" to those in a lower status(e.g. parents to children), they can be very direct and straightforward, e.g. "absolutely no".4) I will try to adapt my habits to local norms. For example, I will follow their rules of dining, body language and gift giving.I would prefer to maintain Chinese traditions. Modern people value cultural diversity, so, I think people of the foreign country I live in will respect my choice.5) I would like to learn Italian. This is because I love Italian culture, especially the arts of the Italian Renaissance period. If I could speak the Italian language, it would be easier for me to travel to Italy, visit its museums and appreciate famous art works. In addition, I'm very interested in Italian opera. Whenever I watch it on TV or hear it on the radio, I admire the beauty of the music and the language, but I don't understand the meaning of the lyrics. I always wish I could know what the singers express in their songs without having to rely on translations or subtitles. Learning Italian will certainly get me closer to this goal.5-3 Text A: Language focus Words in use1. fabricate2. nominal3. temporal4. reciprocal5. denotes6. consecutive7. spectators8. muttering9. composite10. maliciousWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-1 1) assertive2) decisive3) digestive4) imaginative5) consultative6) qualitative7) authoritative8) conserve9) quantitative10) unbutton11) unsettle12) unveilWord building: Practice-21. conserve2. unbuttoning3. authoritative4. consultative5. imaginative6. quantitative7. unveil8. assertive9. unsettled10. decisive11. digestive12. qualitative Banked cloze1) exterior2) insights3) complete4) course5) inconsistencies6) offended7) gestures8) ornaments9) sense10) distinctiveExpressions in use1. got to the point2. are attached to3. would have starved to death4. If anything5. were suspicious of6. wandered around7. on the side8. was representative of5-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: Practice参考：I had never been more anxious in my life. This was the first time I traveled all by myself. I did not speak English well and had difficulty understanding people. Now, standing at the international section of the airport, I was nervous and scared, not knowing what I would have to face. As it turned out, I had the most frustrating experience of my life.I looked around, and nothing was familiar. A pile of questions pounded in my head. Where was the ticket counter? Where was customs? How could I find the boarding gate? The more I thought, the more worried I got.I tried to ask for help, but all my words came out wrong.I saw a woman sitting in the corner, so I went up to her timidly."Excuse, lady. Where ticket counter?" I asked in broken English, pronouncing "ticket counter" as something like "tin can"."Tin can? What do you need it for?" the woman asked back, with a confused face."Ticket, paper, flight," I yelled and waved my hands in a flying manner.She looked at me, even more confused. "Tin, flying?" At that moment, someone across the hall waved at her. She stood up in hurry and said, "Sorry, I can't help you. I have to go."I felt awful. I had been in this country for months, and I couldn't even ask for directions.After I finally checked in at the ticket counter, another problem came up: I could not find customs. My flight would take off in 40 minutes. I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and came to an elevator.I had no idea which floor to go to. I got on the elevator and pressed button 3 randomly. The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and jerked to a stop. I came out and found myself in an empty lobby.Tears formed in my eyes as I thought I would miss my flight. Just then an old airport employee shuffled around the corner. Seeing that I seemed lost, he smiled kindly and asked, "Do you need help?""Yes. I customs," I said. Tears rushed down my cheeks. "Don't worry, honey. I will take you there," he comforted me. He took my suitcase and led me up some stairs. After arriving at customs, he led me past all the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the inspection counter.When I turned around to thank him, he was gone. I never know the wonderful man's name, but I will always remember his generous help. I hope that one day I can do the same for a traveler who suffers from similar frustrations.5-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。
新视野大学英语第四册 Unit 5 (Book 4)
Unit 4 Fame and SuccessI. Listen and Respond1. Focusing on the Main Ideas1) It’s mainly about how to set goals in one’s life.2) This is because they all have clear goals. They know what they want in life and they go after it.3) They are: a) decide what you want; b) make clear your values; c) write them down; and d) take action.4) According to the passage, one should have written goals, careful choices, clear commitments and daily persistence if he or she wants to be successful.2. Zooming In on the Details1) athletes2) inspiring3) accident4) priorities5) independence6) intentions7) specific8) marriage9) extraordinary10) persistent11) sketches12) commitmentsII. Text A---Discovering the Main Ieas1.1) In this essay, the author talks about the issue of fame. The main idea is that most people want fame because fame can bring them celebrity, high regard, admiration, etc. However, the author emphasizes that there are few people who can really capture fame and that fame is usually short-lived. Fame can affect and sometimes even destroy one’s life.2) The author takes an objective attitude towards fame with an emphasis on its negative side. He believes that fame rewards one with money, power and popularity, but it may also enslave him and destroy his life.3) According to the author, to stay famous, an artist has to perform in the style that the public wants and enjoys, no matter how bored he is of performing in the same style year after year. Any attempt to change the style may result in the loss of his popularity among his fans.4) To find excuses for the failures, people tend to claim that they are too sensitive, they are not interested in money, they are not interested in the power that fame brings and they are not interested in the loss of privacey it demands, etc.5) According to the author, people chase fame because they want to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends that they are more than their family and friends thought they were.6) Probably not. According to the author, fame takes “the you out of you”, which means that oncea person becomes famous, he must be what the public thinks he is, not what he really is or couldbe. Fame enslaves him with what the public wants, instead of helping him maintain and develop his own identity or his true self.III. Text A---Reading Between the Lines1.According to the author, fame and the public attention that comes with it can destroy one’stalent. Once you become famous, it is not you but the public that controls your fate. You have to work and live in line with the public expectations.2.Artists are no longer the master of themselves. In order to meet the public demands, they haveto perform in the same style year after year, no matter how bored they become.3.Fame often affects how performers see their own talent and skills. It is easy for them tobelieve that they are as perfect as what the media describe. They may indulge themselves in that illusion and lose their own judgment about themselves.4.Once you become famous, your opponents will pay more attention to you and they will seekevery opportunity to challenge or even attack you. You will also be exposed to the limelight and the media may keep an eye on whatever you are doing.IV. Text B---Checking Your V ocabulary1.2) d 3) g 4) a 5) c 6) h 7) b 8) f2.1) (n.) a first university degree in any of several subjects(n.) an unmarried man2) (n.) the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority onone’s way of life or behaviour(n.) too much freedom in behaviour, taken without permission and sometimes regarded as rude 3) (n.) the point of highest activity, quality or achievement(vi.) reach a highest point4) (n.) a very strong feeling of excitement or joy(vt.) cause to fell a sudden strong feeling of excitement or joy5) (n.) the amount of money that is available to a family to spend(vt.) bring (the lips) together in little folds6) (ad.) in the way that is typical of power that is uncontrolled and used without considering thewishes of others(ad.) in the way that is decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason; randomly7) (vt.) make (sth.) certain to happen or be gained; ensure(vt.) tell firmly and with confidence, esp. with the aim of removing doubt; promise8) (n.) the management of money, esp. of large amounts of money by governments, companies, orlarge organizations(vt.) provide an esp. large amount of money for (a public activity or organization, business, etc.)V. Text B---Checking Your Comprehension1. NFinancial wealth, in fact, is a shallow measure of success. If we accept dollars as our standard, then “money is the measure of the man,” and what could be more foolish than that? (Para. 4) Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms. (Para. 10)2. Y…wealth is ill-measured by using mere dollars: … (Para. 3)What about a life well-lived? What about a family closely bound by love? Who could be wealthier than a man or woman whose calling provides benefits to mankind, or to fellow citizens, or even toa community or neighborhood? (Para. 4)3. Y… that fame is ill-measured by public notoriety; … (Para. 3)4. N… and that power is ill-measured solely by control over others. (Para. 3)5. NPerhaps the famed economist Joseph Schumpeter can help. Ambitious people are driven, he suggested, by “the joy of creating, of getting things done, of simply exercising one’s energy and ingenuity; and by the will to conquer, the impulse to fight, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success”--- i.e. wealth, fame, and power--- “but of success itself.” (Para. 9)6. YSource sentences: Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others, nor in the illusory fame of inevitably short-lived public notice. But it can be measured in our contributions to building a better world, in helping our fellow man, in bringing up children who themselves become loving human beings and good citizens. (Para. 10)VI. Text B---Optional Classroom Activities(The following explanations are provided only for references)1)As long as you have confidence in yourself, and hold the belief that anything is possible, youare already on your way to success.2)If you always close your eyes to possibilities, you will attempt nothing and accomplishnothing. Such a pessimistic attitude can never make a successful person.3)Successful people know their goals and would waste no time in pursuing them. If you believewhat you are doing now would lead you to success, the 10 million dollars might speed you up on your way to success but would not change what you are doing now.4)Education and talent are important factors in achieving success, but they can never take theplace of perseverance. On your way to success, the biggest obstacle is not the lack of education or talent, but the lack of persistence and determination in what you are doing.Education and talent may help you to achieve success, yet only persistence and determination can give you the will power to stick to your goal and to overcome difficulties.5)The only answer is as much as it takes.VII. Enhance Your Language Awareness1.1) fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) finance6) reputation7) liberty8) publicity9) sufficiently10) sympathy11) target12) educate13) commerce14) alike15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) assure2.1) thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of6) turn away7) hang on8) for the sake ofVIII. Increasing Your Word Power1) reached / secured2) achieved / attained3) attained / reached4) reach / secure5) achieved / realized / fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3.2) competitive3) same4) momentary5) specific6) sufficient7) cruel8) humble9) famous10) reasonableIX. Grammar Review1.1) (real) subject (真正的主语)2) object to the verb “make” （动词“make”的宾语）3) predicate （谓语）4) attribute modifying “opportunity” （定语---修饰“opportunity”）5) object complement （宾语补足语）6) adverbial of purpose （目的状语）7) adverbial of result （结果状语）8) predicative （表语）9) attribute modif ying “person” （定语---修饰“person”）10) independent element （独立主格结构）2.1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactX. Cloze1) chase2) reputation3) dedicate4) reward5) sufficiently6) measured7) assure8) Momentary9) celebrity10) target11) frank12) liberty13) illusory14) regardXI. Translation1.1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) T o be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2.Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.XII. Theme-Related WritingA Sample Essay:Fame--- Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his priva te life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册(答案)
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课后答案(完整版)
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
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Uint5II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Why do some people stay in one job for life while others switch jobs from time to time?M: Some people want a fixed routine so that they don’t have to adapt tot new circumstances over and over again, while others think variety is the spice of life. Q: According to the dialog, why do some people stick to one job for life?2.ScriptM: Kathleen, you’ve been late for work so many times lately that I have to warn you that any repetition will result in your dismissal.W: I’m sorry. I’ll try my best to get here earlier in the future. Perhaps I could work later to make up the time I’ve lost.Q: What does the woman say?3. ScriptM: Mr. Brown, my time here has been frustrating for me. I have a better opportunity with another firm, and I’m taking it.W:We won’t be sorry to see you leave, Richard. You’ve done your best to make everyone here as miserable as you are.Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s leaving?4. ScriptW: Mr. Armes, I wanted to tell you in person that at the end of this month I’ll be leaving the company.M: Well, Sylvia, we are certainly going to miss you here, but I wish you the best of luck.Q: What does the woman want?5. ScriptW: Time, I hate to tell you this, but we’re caught in a budget crunch, and we must lay you off. I’m sorry.M: I understand. I’ve enjoyed my time here, and I’m confident I can find something else.Q: What is the man’s response?Keys: 1.B2.D3. A 4.C 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: How to Avoid BankruptcyManager: Adam! Have you any suggestions about how we can avoid bankruptcy? Adam:Downsizing would certainly reduce our operating costs. You know, make us lean and mean, the way you have to be in today’s market.Manager: Where do you suggest we start making these staff cuts?Adam:The logical place to start would be in administration. They usually overstaffed.Manager: That’s not going to go over very well with our employees. Some of them have been with the company for years.Adam:It’s painful process, but there’s no choice. They’ll just have to get used to the idea.Manager: We can give them a fairly decent severance package when they’re fired. Adam:I know. And I think that if we computerize the office, we could reduce office staff by about 20 percent just by eliminating a lot of paperwork. Manager: OK. If we lay off 20 percent of the administrative staff, will that be enough to get the company back on its feet?Adam:Unfortunately not. We’ll also need to make some cuts in the service department.Manager: How can we do that and maintain the level of service that we offer our passengers?Adam: Well, we’ll have to retrain the service staff and streamline our operations, so we won’t need as many people to run things smoothly.Manager: Well, this is serious, but I really don’t think we have any other choice. If we keep losing money like this, we’ll have to shut everything down.1.What is the dialog mainly concerned with?2.What does the man mean by “make us lean and mean”?3.What is the difficulty in cutting the administrative staff?4.What will happen as a result of firing the administrators?5.What does the man think will happen after they cut 20 percent of theadministrators?Keys: 1B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.CFor Reference1. He suggests retaining the service staff and streaming their operations, so they won’tneed as many people to run things smoothly.2. That is a serious step, but she thinks they haven’t any other choice. If they keeplosing money, they will have to shut everything down.Task 2: A Hard-nosed BossScriptMr. Stone was known far and wide as a hard-nosed boss who (S1)watched his employees like a hawk. He was making one of his regular tours of the factory (S2) when he spotted a young man leaning against a (S3)pile of boxes just outside the foreman’s office. Since George, the foreman, wasn’t around. Stone stood off to the side and watched to see just how ling the young men would stand (S4) around doing nothing.The young man yawned, scratched his head, looked at his watch, and sat on the floor. After ten minutes or so he yawned again and (S5) leaned back on the pile of boxes. Stone stepped from his (S6) hiding place and walked up to the young man. “You!” he yelled, “How much do you make a week?”The young man looked up (S7) indifferently. “Two hundred and fifty dollars,”He said.(S8) Stone rushed into the cashier’s office, took$250 from the cash box, and returned. “Take it,” he said, “and get out! Don’t let me see you around here again!”The young man took the cash, put it in his pocket, and left. (S9) Seeing the young man showed no sign of embarrassment, Stone got furious. Then he went looking for George. When he found him, Stone was red with anger. “That lazy boy in front of your office,”Stone said, “I just gave him a week’s pay and fired him. What’s the matter with you, letting him stand around as though he has nothing to do?”“You mean the kid in the red shirt?” George asked.“Yes! The kid in the red shirt!”George said, “(S10)He was waiting for the 20 dollars we owe him for lunch. He works for the coffee shop around the corner.”Task3: Layoffs can be predicted.ScriptIn some cases companies inform their employees in advance that layoffs are coming. In other cases, they come without warning: You arrive on time for work on a Friday,but you are told not to come next week. Ouch!In either case, you may be able to sense some bad signs in advance. Maybe the company has tried very hard to avoid layoffs; maybe it has been preparing for the worst for quite some time. If you think about the bad omens carefully, you might know as much or more than some of the employees in managerial positions with management responsibilities.For example, if you work in sales, you might know that quotas have not been met. If you work in field engineering, you might notice far fewer customer installations. If your company’s competitors, suppliers or customers are laying off employees, it’s likely your company will too, especially if economic conditions are affecting your industry. Check the layoff statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Search the Net and your local newspaper too for articles concerning layoffs in your industry. Do things like bad sales always mean that layoffs are coming to your company? Not necessarily. Companies have seasonal and economic sales dips all the time, and are always looking for ways to improve their performance. So, if you see only one or two bad signs, don’t jump to a hasty conclusion. But if you see more, especially along the lines of earnings warnings, budget cuts, hiring freezes, restructuring, and massive layoffs in your industry, it might just be time to get your resume up to date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might e a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job. You should prepare in advance if you think you might get the axe soon.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to the passage, when can one sense layoffs are coming?3.What is mentioned as a bad sign for the field engineering department?4.According to the passage, what do bad sales signal?5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sign for you to update yourresume?Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.C 5AFor ReferenceYou may get your resume up to date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might e a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Problems of JoblessnessScriptJoblessness can lead to a series of problem, and it is not easy to solve them.First of all, being without a job often means lacking social contract wit h fellow employees, and lacking a purpose for many hours of the day,. Also, it obviously affects your ability to pay bills and t o purchase the necessities of life, Lack of this ability is especially serious for those wit family obligations, debts, or medical costs, and it is especially true id in a country like the United States, where the availability of medical insurance is often linked to holding a job.Some maintain that jobless people can rely on unemployment insurance, but this is no true. Unemployment insurance in the U.S. typically does not even replace50 percent of the income one received on the job, and one cannot receive it forever. Therefore, the unemployed often end up aping welfare programs such as Food Stamps—or accumulating debt: both formal debt to banks and informal debt to friends and relatives.Some hold that low-income jobs provide solution to joblessness, but this is not true. Since it is difficult or impossible to get unemployment insurance benefits without having worked in the past, job-seekers have to accept low-income jobs. Thus, unemployment insurance keeps a ready supply of low-paid workers. To make things worse, many employers take advantage of this. When they resort to such management techniques as low wages and benefits, as well ad few chances for advancement, they bear the unemployment insurance option in mind.Under increasing unemployment pressure, jobless people suffer from a variety of financial, psychological and social problems. Increase unemployment encourages bad health and raises both crime and suicide rates.1.What is the first problem mentioned concerning joblessness?2.Which of the following is true of American unemployment insurance?3.Why do people accept low-income jobs?4.According to the passage, what problems might unemployment cause?5.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D5.ATask 2: Before the cutbackScriptBarbara: I’ve really got to think about my future. You’ve heard of the cutbacks the management’s making, right?Alan: Oh, yes. I’ve heard it. But you haven’t anything to be concerned about. Barbara: Around here you never know from one day to the next whether you can keep your job.Alan: Come on, they won’t let you go. You’ve been for so long. Besides, you’re good at your job.Barbara: That might be, but I feel that I’ve reached the glass ceiling in this company. Alan: Glass ceiling? What do you mean by that?Barbara: I’ve been working here for ten years. I haven’t gotten a promotion in three years. I thought I should be Vice President by now. If I were a man, I’msure I would be Vice President.Alan: There’s no official company policy, but it’s true that they don’t promote women to management positions here.Barbara: I can see the writing on the wall. I think it’s time to change job, and maybe even careers, if I want to get ahead.Alan: Change career? That’s a big jump. If you change careers, what will you do?Barbara: I’m doing market research here, but I studies public relations in college. I’d like to do PR for a large multinational company.Alan: That sounds exciting, and the pay would be better, too. Yeah, if I would keep an eye on the job positing on the Internet.Barbara: Sooner or later something good is bound to turn up in the job market. Keys: TTFFF。