职称英语考试全文翻译-Youth Emancipation in Spain
2005-2013中石油职称英语考试真题翻译汇编
05Translation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.06IV. Translation（2004版32课Energy in Transition）Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fieldsare discovered, they will make little differe nce, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large qu antities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at cos ts comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.译文：70年能源供应需要开采、加工和燃烧大约30亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大约170亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大约20亿立方米的木柴。
中石油职称英语考试阅读练习
中石油职称英语考试阅读练习English is a Crazy Language1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat.1.让我们接受现实吧—英语是一种疯狂的语言。
茄子(eggplant，字面意为鸡蛋植物)里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包(hamburger，字面意为火腿夹饼)里也没有火腿。
同样，菠萝(pineapple，字面意为松树苹果)里既没有松树也没有苹果。
松饼(English muffin，字面意为英式松饼)并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条(French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品)也不是法国人的发明。
“甜肉”(sweetmeat)指的是蜜饯，而(while)“甜面包”(sweetbread)不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。
2. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we findthatquicksand can work slowly, boxingrings are square and aguinea pig isneitherfrom Guinea nor is it a pig. ( nor引导的倒装句) Andwhyit is thatwriters writebutfingers don't finge, grocers don't groce and hammers don'tham?Iftheplural of tooth is teeth,why isn'tthe plural ofbooth beeth?Ifyou have one goose, two geese,why notone moose, twomeese, or one index, two indices?2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”(quicksand，流沙，也只陷阱，困境)往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”(boxing rings，拳击场)是方的，“几内亚猪”(guinea pig，天竺鼠)既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。
中石油2016年职称英语考题及参考答案
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD. prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD. discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。
历年自考英语翻译试题及答案（20201120154553）
1. In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。
2. It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。
3. 破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。
A. A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4. 为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。
A. This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.5. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。
C. We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。
C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。
2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月3日)
2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
2022年全国职称英语等级考试试题答案
全国职称英语级别考试试题、答案综合类试卷及答案综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3. I got a not from Moria urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15. She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatedD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语考试真题阅读理解题目
职称英语考试真题阅读理解题目2017职称英语考试真题阅读理解题目职称英语考试中有大量的阅读理解题，为了帮助大家，店铺整理了2017年的职称英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’spopulation now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.My Fast JobI was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town.A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, "If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have." How right he was!31 When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________A the restaurant was short of hands.B his family belonged to the low-income group.C he wanted to earn some money.D he was stronger than his two brothers.32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________A he liked that work.B he didn't like playing.C he was hard-working.D he felt rewarded by doing that work.33 The word "Word" in the sentence "Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________A statement.B advice.C news.D promise.34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________A he did not work any more.B he bought clothes on credit.C he was charged too much for the sports coat.D he made little money at that time.35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “svusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. T oday most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of waterper hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.桑拿浴仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。
大家论坛_中石油职称英语第三届(2011年)网络培训班课文要点总结
/forum-346-1.htmlLesson1(语法为主)1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no eggin eggplant 【茄子】nor ham in hamburger; neither【两者都不】 apple nor pine【松树】 in pineapple. Englishmuffins【松饼】were n't invented【invent:发明】in England nor French fries in France.2.We take English for granted.5.Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed【commit：托付，犯错】 to an asylum【精神病院】 for theverbally【口头地，文字地】insane【疯狂的，精神失常的】 .1can a slim【苗条的，渺茫的】chance and a fat【肥胖的，大量的】chance be the same,while a wise man and wise guy【自作聪明的人】are opposites 【相反的，对立的】,and quite a lot and quite a few【相当多】 are alike 【同样的，相像的】?2have to marvel【惊奇】at the unique【独一无二的，唯一的】lunacy【愚蠢，荒谬】 of a language3is why,when the stars are out,they are visible【看得见的】,but when the lights are out,they are invisible【看不见】 . And why,when I wind up【上紧发条】 my watch,I start it,but when I wind up thisessay【文章】,I end it?Lesson2(语法为主)1Wisdom【智慧】was not at the top of the graduate【研究生的，毕业生】mountain, but there in the sandpile at nurseryschool【幼儿园】.2tilings【瓷砖】 back where you found them.3Goldfish and hamsters【仓鼠】and white mice【mouse:老鼠】/forum-346-1.htmland even the little seed in the plastic cup-they all die【死亡】. So do we.6.Thinkof【考虑，思考】what a better world it would be if we all-the whole world-had cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon Lesson3(重点课文，阅读，翻译)1office is the mutual【共同的，相互的】product【产物，产品】 of economic 【经济的】 ,scientific【科学的】 ,and social【社会的】 progress【发展，进步】. Mobile office has become asolution【解决方法】that provide s 【提供】 users with convenient【方便的】,prompt【及时的，迅速的】,safe,reliable【可靠的】,andreasonably【合理地，明智地】 priced【附有定价的】communications【通讯，通信】Using mobile officeand WAP【无线接入协议】technology【技术】 ,people can do their work anywhere anytime （2010年考题）,cansend and receive data【数据】 viaterminals【终端，末端】such as mobilephone,palm【手掌】computer,and PDA【个人数字助理】,and can surf【冲浪】 the Internet. Integrating【使结合】Internet and mobile communications【通讯，通信】network【网络】,and providing powerful【强大的】applications【应用】support capacity【能力】for wireless【无线的】interconnection【互相联络】,2you leave your office to attend【参加】 meetings or travel onbusiness 【因公】, When yourclients【客户】 need you to make someurgent【紧急的，急迫的】modifications【修改】 on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant【相关的】 documents【文件】,what can youdo? 4.Mobile office has provide d people with convenient,casual【随意的，随便的】 workingenvironment【环境】, we believe that with technical 【技术的】 progress,people can certainly overcome【克服，战胜】 all kinds of difficulties.Lesson4(语法为主)1.No matter where you'r e going or how long you're staying,keep/forum-346-1.htmlreading! These tips【建议，小费】 will help you make the mostof anyurban【城市的】adventure【冒险活动】.12.If" you're not afraid to get lost,you'll see more-andyou'll have a better time!Lesson5(语法为主)1.Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollars to spend 【花费】 on anything wedesire【渴望】.1While【虽然】 having some money does have an impact【影响】on ourlevel 【水平，等级】 of happiness,2after US$50.000,happiness does not increase【增加】 assalaries【薪水】go up. 4.'The more you make,the more you want. The more you have,the less it brings youjoy【欢乐，乐趣】," 6."If you're look ing for happiness in life,find the right husband or wife rather than【而不】 trying to double 【加倍】 your salary."Lesson6(语法为主)1.An old song says that "love make s the world go around."补充：下列词在主动语态中不带 to,被动语态要加 to.吾看：look at, see, observe,notice,watch三室(使)：make ,let have两厅（听）：listen to,hear一感觉：feelThe whole country breaks out【爆发】 with little red hearts.3. When two couple【一对】go out together, it 's called doubledating.A friend might even arrange【安排】a blind【盲人的】 date for you with someone you don't know.4.After a while,【不久】a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady 【稳定的】.5. Romantic love is very much a part of American culture【文化】.6.Actually【实际上】, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all over the worldsearch【寻找】 for happiness in a loving 【爱的】relationship【关系】. Maybe love does make the world go around./forum-346-1.htmlLesson7(重点文章，翻译文章 1.2.3.段)1Although recent years have seen substantial【大量的】reductions【减少】 innoxious【有毒的】pollutants【污染物质】 from individual【个人的】 motor vehicles【机动车辆】, thenumber of such vehicles has been steadily【稳定地】 increasing【增加】. Consequently【因此】，There is a growing realization【认识】 that the only effective【有效的】 way to achieve【实现】further reductions in vehicleemissions【排放】 -short of【除..之外】a massive【大量的】shift【去掉】 away from theprivate【私人的】automobile【汽车】 -is to replace【取代，代替】conventional【传统的】 diesel【柴油】 fuel【燃料】 and gasoline【汽油】with cleaner-burning fuels suchas【例如】compressed【压缩的】natural gas【天然气】.liquefied 【液化的】 petroleum【石油】 gas, ethanol【乙醇】, ormethanol【甲醇】. 2of these alternatives【替换物】 are carbon-based fuels whose molecules 【分子】 are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline【汽油】. On the other hand, alternative fuels do havedrawbacks【缺点】. aserious【严重的】liability【不利】in terms of【就...而言】 performance【外观，表演】 and fuel efficiency3Ethanol【乙醇】is commonly【通常地】used as a gasolinesupplement 【补充】, but it iscurrently【当前】 about twice as expensive as methanol 【甲醇】,Lesson8(语法为主)1. They are the principles【原则，准则】on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family. They are the principlesin which my father believed and by which he governed【统治，管理】 his life. They are the principles,many of them,which I learned at my mother'sknee【膝盖】.5.I believe in thesupreme【最高的】worth【价值】 of theindividual【个人】 and in his right to life,liberty【自由】,and thepursuit【追求，追赶】 of happiness.6. I believe that everyright implies【含有，暗示】aresponsibility【责任】;7. I believe that the law【法律】 was made for man and not man for the law;8.I believe in thedignity【高尚，尊贵】of labor【劳动】,9. I believe that thrift【节约】is essential【必不可少的】to Lesson9(语法为主)2. There are many similarities【相似】between public speaking and daily 【日常的】conversation【交谈】. You tailor【修改】 your message to your audience. You tell astory for maximum【最大的】 impact【影响】. You adapt to【适应于】 feedback【反馈】 from your listener.3.Of course,public speaking is also different from conversation. First,public speaking is more highly structured【结构】than conversation. itrequires【需要】more detailed【详细的】 preparation【准备】than does ordinary conversation. Effective speakers adjust【调整】 their voices to the larger audience/forum-346-1.htmland work atavoiding【避免】 distracting【分散】physical【身体的】mannerism 【特殊习惯】and verbal【口头的】habits【习惯】.4.Your speech class will give you anopportunity【机会】 togain confidence 【信心】 and make your nervousness work for you rather than【而不】 against you. if youthink positively【积极地】,choose speech topics you really careabout【关心】,preparethoroughly【彻底地】,andconcentrate on【将..集中于】 communicating with your audience.5.Whatever the speakercommunicates【传达】is the message, which is sent by means of aparticular【特殊的】 channel.Lesson10(语法为主)1.For any woman who has dreamed of"Knight【骑士】 in shiningarmor【铠甲】",the perfect man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote control,you have found him here.3.He is mainly occupied in merely removing【搬开】the obstacles【障碍】which hinder【阻碍】 the free and unembarrassed【不尴尬的】 action of those about him,6.he can recollect【回忆】to whom he is speaking;9.He has too much good sense to be affronted【被侮辱的】 atinsults【辱骂，侮辱】,he is too well employed to remember injuries【伤害】,and too indolent【懒惰的】to bear malice【恶意】.Lesson11(重点文章，阅读，翻译)/forum-346-1.html1. Americans smoke six thousand millioncigarettes【香烟】 every year (1970 figures). This is roughly【大体上】 theequivalent【等量，相等的】 of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated【估计】 that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women.2. Since1939,numerous【许多的】 scientific studies have been conducted todetermine【确定】 whether smoking is a health hazard【危险】. The trend 【趋势】 of the evidence【证据】 has been consistent【一致的】 and indicates 【表明】that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond【除…之外】 all reasonable doubt that tobacco 【烟草，烟叶】smoking,particularly【特别】 cigarette smoking,is associated with【联系】 shortened life expectancy【平均寿命】.3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers inthis field to be an important factor【因素】 in the developmentof cancer of the lungs【肺】and cancer of the throat【咽喉】 and is believed to be related to cancer of thebladder【膀胱】 and the oralcavity【口腔】.4. Some competent【有能力的】physicians【内科医生】 and research workers-though their small number is decreased even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health.5. Apart from the scientific statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body.6. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels【血管】. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease,a narrowing ofthe small veins【静脉】 in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead evento amputation【截肢手术】 of limbs【肢】. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.7. While all tobacco smoking affect s life and expectancy andhealth,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking.Lesson12(阅读文章)6."How long have you been doing this?" hepursued.【追赶，继续】17.She discovered【发现】 how clay【粘土】 beds ,which existed【存在】for millions of years,were formed. 20.Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin【大头针】; while others were so large one could feel the weight【重量】 of them in one's hand. 24.If given a chance,will you take it? If given no chance,can you make one?Lesson13(阅读文章)1. Alberta islocated【坐落】 in the western part of Canada and is thewesternmost【最西的】 among thePrairie【大草原】 Provinces. To its/forum-346-1.htmlwest is British Columbia【哥伦比亚】 while to its east isSaskatchewan 【萨斯喀彻温省】.2. With an area of approximately【大约】 255,212 square miles【英里】, equivalent【相等的，相当的】to 661,000 squarekilometers【公里】,it is the fourth largest province in Canada. The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta,a daughter of Queen Victoria of England. It became a province of Canada in 1905.3. The people of Alberta originally【起初，原来】came from many different countries.Although there are only a limited【有限的】 number of Indiansliving on reservations【保留地】now,two hundred years ago theywere the only inhabitants【居民】in what is now called Alberta.4.Even now,raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy. Alberta is also rich in forest resources【资源】,coal and oil.It is one of the main timber【木材】 producing provinces in Canada. Owing to【由于】 itsrich deposit【储蓄,矿藏】 in oil,petroleum industry has become one of the most importantindustries of the province,with many oil fields 【油田】 andrefineries【炼油厂】. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province.5.The third largest city isLethbridge【莱斯桥】, having a population of about 67,000 persons.7. Alberta is located in the MountainStandard【标准】 TimeZone【时区】.Lesson14(以前的翻译，阅读文章，语法为主) 1.Have you ever stop ped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day.2.All owe their origin【起源，来源】to the oil known as petroleum. 4. Scientists predict【预言】that the world's known oilresources【资源】will run out early in the next century. But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities【优先权】. Can we afford【提供，买得起】to use so much of ourlimited【有限的】 petroleum supplies forprivate【私人的】 motoring?5. There is an old English saying,"Necessity【需要】 is the mother of invention【发明】," which means that when you are faced with a need youwill discover【发现】 some wayLesson15(语法为主)2. We are aware【知道的】 that at the end of the central【中心的】 hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear,3. Animals such as dogs and cats also haveconspicuous【明显的】 outer ears,but few of us probably【大概，可能】 ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath thosepointed 【尖的】 tips【末端】.7. The inner ear is composed of delicate【脆弱的】 membranes【薄膜】 which beardense【密集的】patches【小片】 ofspecialized【特殊的】 cells called maculae【macula:斑疹】./forum-346-1.html10. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animalsby the effect 【影响】of pressure【压力】is not definitely【明确地】 knownLesson16(阅读文章为主)1.Most people have heard of the Tower of Babel【巴别塔】 story in theBible 【圣经】.2.As English and German speakers constitute【组成，构成】 the majorities in several of the world's mosteconomically【经济地】,militarily【军事地】,and technologically【科技地】 developed countries,it is important to be familiar with thisparticular【特殊的，详情】 language grouping.3.The Scandinavian languagesof Danish【丹麦语】,Icelandic【冰岛语】,Norwegian【挪威语】,and Swedish【瑞典语】comprise【构成，包含】the North Germanic grouping. 5.Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for【2010考题】a great deal of the world'soutput【产品】 in everything from economics【经济】to literature【文学】to military 【军事】to science and technology. Hardly an aspect【方面】 of modern life does not benefit from the contributions【贡献】 made by those using these languages,Lesson17(阅读文章 5.6.7段落为主)1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling【最畅销的】soft【软的】 (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day,from the equator 【赤道】to the Arctic【北极】 .Lesson18（重点文章，阅读为主）1.One of the odder【奇怪的】 coincidence s【巧合】 of physical【自然的】geography【地理】 is the fact that there are twodouble【双的】islands,roughly【大体上】 the same size, positioned at eachother'santipodes【相对极】 , orfarthest-distant【遥远的】 point./forum-346-1.html2.Given the beauty of these three islands,what makes SouthIsland sospecial【特殊的，特别的】? 4.With almost no heavy industry on South Island,the air,water,and land are all freeof pollution.5. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】 from the abundant【2010年考题】【大量的】 rainfall of this area. Lesson19（非重点文章）1.Newspapers arecockroaches【蟑螂】 . No matter what is introduced into the mediaecosystem【生态系统】, the oldestof the Big Media survives 【幸存，存活】 . Despite【尽管】 decades【十年】of doomsayers【凶事预示者】, newspapers prospered【成功，兴旺】 through radio, Lesson20（非重点文章，虚拟语气） If Lincoln Had Used a Computer如果林肯使用过计算机……1. The ad for a software【软件】 program【程序】caught my eye. It said,"Write better in 30 days or your money back."2. I'm familiar with computer programs thatcorrect【纠正】 spelling through the use of built-in【内置】 dictionaries.Lesson21（无知识点） Lesson22（翻译文章，生僻的单词不用看）An Introduction to Distillation1.for example,gasolines【汽油】,2. Refining petroleum is a complex【复杂的】series of steps by which theoriginal【最初的】crude material is eventually convert ed【转化】into salable【可销售的】 products with thedesired【渴望的】 qualities【质量】3. that is,crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each. To prevent theoccurrence【发生】 of such a situation,the refinery must beflexible【灵活的】 and able to change operations as needed.Lesson23（知识点为主）1. Speaking English fluently【流利地】 and accurately【准确地】 is a goal of many people studying English in China.Fluency【流利】 can be simply 【2010年考题】define d【定义】as"being able to communicate【交流，交际】ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is/forum-346-1.html saying";So,how do we balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English?2. So,how do we balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English?4. But,if they make a lot of mistakes,they may find it difficultto get their ideas across.6. Find the problem. What kind of person are you-one who focuseson accuracy or one who focuses on fluency? 7.If you have a problem with the third person singular,try to concentrate on when you make such errors.Lesson24（知识点为主）1. Spacecraft【宇宙飞船】from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,and men have walked upon its surface【表面】2.Were scientists right about what the moon would be like?7. The surface itself ranges【变化】 from heat of 230℉to cold of minus 290℉,depend ing upon where the sun is.9. In spite of all we have learned from space flights【太空/forum-346-1.html飞行】,the moon is still ariddle from the distant【遥远的】 past Lesson25（知识点为主）1. Books are to mankind【人类】what memory【记忆力】is to theindividual【个人】.Lesson26（重点文章，翻译，阅读）2.True;electricity is one kind of energy.However,energy comesin many forms【形式】. 9.Radiant energy is also called light energy.Our mostimportant source【来源】 of radiant energy is ,of course,the sun.Without it there would be no life,for plant life depends upon radiant energy-and we depend upon plant life.Lesson27（非重点文章） A Handful of【一把】History扑克-手中的历史Lesson28（语法为主）3. She wassurprised【感到惊奇的】 andsuspicious【怀疑的】,then,when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.5. When I pulled into her driveway【车道】,she was waiting bythe door with her coat on. 6.We talked for so long that we missed the movie.Lesson29（阅读文章）1.People think a great deal of them, so much so that on allthe highest pillars【支柱】 in the great cities of the world you will find the figure【塑像】of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.Animalsfight【搏斗】; so do savages【野蛮人】; Fighting mean s killing, and civilized people s【民族】 ought to be able to find some way of settling theirdisputes【争论】other than byseeing which side can kill off【消灭】the greater number of the other side,2. That is what the story of mankind【人类】 has on the wholebeen like.3.From the point of view ofevolution【进化】, human beings are very young childrenindeed【的确，确实】,/forum-346-1.htmlLesson30（重点文章语法为主）1. The vast expanse【广阔的区域】 of the United States of America stretch es 【延伸】from the heavily industrialized【工业化的】 ,metropolitan【大城市的】Atlantic【大西洋的】seaboard【海岸】across the rich flat【平坦的】 farms of the centralplains【平原】,The entire【全部的】 nation (all 50 states) cover s an area of9 million square kilometers and has a population【人口】 of 220 million people.2. The sparsely【稀少的】settled【定居】,far-northern stateof Alaska is the largest of America's 50 states It is more than two and a half times the size of Sichuan province,Texas,in the southern part of the country,is second in size. Texas is half the size of Alaska.4. America's earlysettlers【移民】 were attracted by thefertile land and varied【各种各样的】 climates it offered for farming.Florida and California are famous for theircitrus【柑橘】 fruitsand tropical【热带的】avocados【鳄梨】;5. Underground,a wealth of minerals【矿物】 provides a solidbase【基础】for American industry. Texas,a big oil-producer in the southwest,alone accounts for one-fifth the value of all U.S. mineral production.6. America has long been known as a "melting pot," for it is anation ofimmigrants【移民】 from all over the world. The first to arrive-from Siberia【西伯利亚】 ,more than 10,000 years ago7. Tens of millions flooded【大量涌入】 to America's shores from Europe between 1880 and the First World War. The nextlargest group of Americans trace【追溯】theirancestry【祖先】to Africa,black people now constitute【构成】 over 11 percent of the population.8. Once a nation of farmers,the United States has become increasingly urban【城市化】since the turn of the last century./forum-346-1.html9. Americans are always on the move. Each year,one in every five Americans leaves home and job to find new ones somewhere else. Lesson31（非重点文章）1.Theysailed【航行】well and the old man soaked【浸，泡】 his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.2. He had come up so fast andabsolutely【完全地】 withoutcaution【警告】that he broke the surface【水面，表面】 of the blue water and was in the sun.Lesson32（重点文章，翻译文章）1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用】 of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】 for and production【生产】 of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly【牢牢地】based on chemistry,physics,and biology,involving【包括】 the application of essentially【基本地】abstract【抽象】 concepts to observed【观察的】 data【资料】.2. The application of chemistry to the study of rocks(geochemistry【地球化学】) has many uses in petroleum geology. this detailedmineralogical【矿物学的】 information isessential【必要的】for the accurate【精确的】interpretation【解释】of geophysical【地球物理学的】 well logs【测井】 through reservoirs【储层】. Knowledge of the chemistry of pore【孔隙】 fluids【液体】and their effect on thestability【稳定性】of minerals【矿物质】 can be used to predict【预言，预测】 where porosity【孔隙度】 may be destroyed by cementation【胶结】,preserved【保存】 in its original【起初的】 form,or enhanced【提高】 by solution【溶解】 of minerals by formation waters【地层水】. anic【有机的】 chemistry is involved both in the analysis【分析】of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis【成岩作用】of the plant and animal tissues【组织】 in sediments【沉淀物】/forum-346-1.html1Biology is applied【应用】 to geology in several ways,notably【显著地】 through the study of fossils【化石】 (paleontology【古生物学】), 2Geologists【地质学家】, in contrast to some nongeologists,believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and,Lesson33（重点文章，阅读文章）What Do Parents Owe【欠】Their Children 3.There are plenty of loans【贷款】 andscholarships【奖学金】 for the bright 【聪明的】and eager【渴望的】 who can't afford to pay.4.After children marry【结婚】,their parents do not owe them a down payment 【预付定金】 on a house or money for the furniture【家具】.7.No child is ever too old to behugged.【拥抱】8.Parents owe their children some religious【宗教】 training【训练】. 9.Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body10.Parents owe their children privacy【隐私】and respect【尊重】 for theirpersonal belongings【财产】.12. No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world,you owe the children something.Lesson34（重点文章，语法为主）1. On the night of August 17,1959,at about 20 minutes before midnight,the ground in the vicinity【附近】 of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently【猛烈地】.2. What was even more frightening【可怕的】 was the sound ofhuge boulders【巨石】which began rolling down the steep【险峻的，陡峭的】 mountain. In one part of the upper reaches【上游河段】 of the Madison River,a whole mountain began shifting【移动】,6. It is the earth's 40 -mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers【层】 of rocks./forum-346-1.htmlBecause of the great weight pressing down on them,these layers tend tofold【折叠】 downward at weak spots, 7.The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate【精密的】 machine will record it.8. Some Parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others. Lesson35（重点文章，阅读文章）1. Life insurance【保险】is not really betting although it can be compare d to it. You pay the money just in case.4. This system of trading services with each other has beenwith us for quite a while.The trouble was that the reward was not always given to everyone,nor was it given to those who deserved【应得】it most.5.He found that he could no longer support himself by growing his own food.6. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance.8. Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insure d. For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured,the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. You can see in this example that someinsurance is a little like gambling【赌博】. There have also been many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselvesagainst accidents.Suppose【假定，猜想】/forum-346-1.htmla very good actor feared that his looks could be injure d. If they were,he would not be able to make a living as an actor. Therefore,he mightattempt【试图，尝试】 to insure himselfagainst that possibility 【可能，可能性】.Lesson36（重点文章，语法为主）1. To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone 【易于..的】,nosuperhuman【超人的】 genius【天才】is required【需要】.A few simple rules will keep you,not from all error,but from sillyerror 【错误】.5.this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space.6.Be very wary【谨慎的】 of opinions that flatter【奉承】 yourself-esteem 【自尊】.7. Seeing that each nation has itscharacteristic【典型的】merits 【优点】and demerits【缺点】,we adjust【调整】 our standard【标准】 of values so as to make out that the merits possessed【具有】 by our nation are the really important ones,while its demerits arecomparatively trivial【不重要的】.Lesson37（重点文章，语法为主）3.From the moment I saw you smile,as you opened the door forthat young mother and her newborn【新生的】baby. I knew. I knew that I wanted to share the rest of my life with you.1as I shook and trembled【颤抖】uncontrollably【无法控制地】 in thetrenches【战壕】, did I forget your face.2cannot tell you how strong my love for you was back then,when I returned to you on leave in September,feelingbattered【憔悴的】,bruised【瘀伤的】and fragile【脆弱的】. We held each other so tightＩthought we would burst【破裂】.15.As we grew old together,I would tease【取笑，戏弄】 you that you had not changed since we first met.19.I am too old and too empty now to live much longer without you./forum-346-1.htmlLesson38（重点文章，翻译，阅读文章 2.3.4.段）2.World oil production is about to reach a peak【高峰，山顶】 and go into its final decline【下降】.3.Finding oil is like fishing in a pond. Recent discoveries aremodest【适中的，谦虚的】at best.Lesson39（阅读文章） Lesson40（阅读文章）6.His third grade teacher wrote,"His mother's death has been hard on him.Lesson41（重点文章翻译文章 2.3.4.5.6.7）1. The petroleum era【时代】was ushered【引进】in by the 1859finding at Titusville,Pennsylvania, Natural gas is quite variable 【易变的】 in composition【成分】,but the major constituent【成分】 (>60%) is methane【甲烷】.In terms of volume【数量】,most of the natural gas produced is used for fuel,2. The chemical industry depend s very heavily on petroleum,natural gas,and natural gasliquids【液体】 as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess【超过】of90% of the literally【真正地】 thousands of different basic【基本的】organic【有机物的】 chemicals employed today are derive d【源于】from these sources.6. Petrochemicals【石化产品】 are generally chemical compounds【化合物】derive d from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture9. The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum is based on the ready response of the various compound types to basic chemicalreactions【反应】Lesson42（非重点文章） Lesson43（重点文章，阅读文章）1.On the morning of April 15,1865,Abraham Lincoln lay【lie】dying in a hall bedroom of acheap lodging house【招待所】 directly across the street from Ford's Theater,3.I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devote d all of three years to writing andrewriting【改写】 a bookentitled【给..提名，给..权利】 Lincoln the Unknown.6.Never again did he write an insulting【侮辱的】letter. Never/forum-346-1.htmlagain did he ridicule anyone. 8.Theodore Roosevelt said that when he,as President,was confront ed【面对】with a perplexing【令人困惑的】problem,he used to lean back and look up at a large painting of Lincoln which hung above his desk in the White House and ask himself,9.I am all in favor of it.10.When dealing with people,let us remember we are not dealing withcreatures【生物】of logic【逻辑】.Lesson44（语法为主）1.It is the simplest,most convenient【方便的】 and least expensiveof allwriting instruments【工具】.Lesson45（语法为主）2. One of the rules for being rich is to avoid frivolous【不重要的】temptations【诱惑】 . That is easier said than done,andwe do not necessarily【必要地】recommend【建议】that all people should lead a pureand joyless【不快乐】 life.3. Be ing able to save and accumulate【积累】considerable【相当多的】 wealth is notautomatic【自动的】.5. The first auxiliary【辅助的】 rule for becoming rich is to stay in school or,if out of school,go back to it.9.From our perspective【观点】 ,becoming rich is really a matter of choice.。
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Youth Emancipation in Spain西班牙年轻人的解放 The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.西班牙政府正担心他们国家的大龄青年一直跟他们父母住一起，政府已经决定帮助他们离开家。 Around 55 percent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.大约55％的18〜34岁的人在西班牙还睡在自己的父母家，根据国家青年协会的最新报告。 To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.为了哄年轻人离开他们的家，这个月研究所开始了“青年解放”。此项活动为年轻人寻找客房和工作提供指导。 Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2,000.经济学家指责年轻人的家庭受困于不稳定的劳动力市场和住房价格上升。2000年以来，房屋价格已经上涨了17％。 Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家).Family ties in south Europe — Italy, Portugal and Greece — are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding"，文化因素也有利于解释问题，社会学家说，在南欧洲的意大利、葡萄牙和希腊的家庭关系强于在欧洲中部和北部，西班牙社会学家阿尔穆德纳，莫雷诺Minguez在她的报告中写道，“晚解放的西班牙青年---关键在于理解“ “In general 2, young people in Spain firmly believe in 3 the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.“一般情况下，在西班牙，年轻人认同在家庭为主体的组织萦绕着他们的私人生活”Minguez说。 In Spain — especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.在西班牙，特别是在农村，这是不难发现，整个群体的阿姨，叔叔，表兄弟姐妹，侄女和侄子都生活在同一条街上。他们经常聚在一起周日晚餐。 Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of 4 set-ting bedtime rules.家长的耐受性是另一个因素。西班牙接受父母深夜开派对和警惕的设置睡前规则。 “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.“孩子可以在任何时间回家。如果家长抱怨，他们就会抗争并认为父母是个法西斯，在马德里卡洛斯三世大学的社会学家何塞·安东尼奥·亚涅斯·戈麦斯说。 Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s 6. The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.母亲们的情愿做孩子的家务使得问题恶化。今年60岁，生活在马德里，有三个孩子在20多岁的Dionisio Masso，最年长的儿子28岁，有一个女朋友和一个工作。但是她儿子说与妈妈一起生活是不错。 “His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end 7, he lives well,” Masso said.最后他说，他妈妈为他洗碗做饭，他过的很好。 注释： 1.contribute to:造就;捐献;有助于;贡献 2.in general: 一般而言，总的来说 3 believe in：相信，信任 4. be wary of:提防，留神 5.put up a fight:打架，奋勇战斗 6.in their 20s:在他们20多岁时7.in the end:最后，结果 问题： 1. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young people A. live in an independent way.B.fight for freedom. C. fight against social injustice. D. get rid of family responsibilities. 2. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A. Greece. B.Finland. C.Spain.D.Italy. 3. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT A. parents' tolerance.B.housing problems. C. unwillingness to get married. D. cultural traditions. 4. Which of the following. statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso? A. She has a boyfriend.B.She is 60 years old. C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid. 5. The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by A. tired of. B.afraid of.C.worried about.D.cautious about. 答案与解析： 1.A【解析】题意：“年轻人解放”计划旨在帮助年轻人独立地生活。 第三段提到“为了劝诱年轻人离开家，西班牙青年协会启动了‘年轻人解放’计划”，短文多次提到了该计划的做法是帮助年轻人自己独立生活，故选A。 2.B【解析】题意：从第五段可以推断出葡萄牙的家庭联系比芬兰更加紧密。 短文第五段第二句提到“欧洲南部国家的家庭联系比欧洲中部和北部的国家更紧密”，作者列出了意大利，葡萄牙和希腊三个南部国家，可知葡萄牙位于南部，而芬兰位于北部，故选B。 3.C【解析】题意：年轻人对家庭的依赖主要归因于以下因素，除了不愿意结婚。 有关导致年轻人过分依赖家庭的原因需要从原文几个段落中找到答案，短文第五段提到了“文化原因”，第八段指出“父母的容忍为另一个因素”，倒数第二段指出“母亲愿意为孩子做家务也是这个问题恶化”，只有不愿意结婚这项因素没有提及，故选C。 4.A【解析】题意：关于迪奥尼西奥·马索的说法，下面哪一个是不正确的?她有一个男朋友。 短文倒数第二段第二句提到了“迪奥尼西奥·马索住在马德里，是一个60岁有3个20多岁孩子的母亲”，并没有提到她有一个男朋友，故选B。 5. D【解析】题意：第八段的短语“wary of”可被cautious about替换。 短文第八段提到“父母对孩子的容忍是另一个因素。西班牙的父母可以接受孩子们的深夜派对，小心翼翼地制定就寝时间”。A项意为“厌倦了”，B项意为“害怕”，D项意为“谨慎于”，C项意为“担忧，担心”，故选D。