2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版
2015职称英语_教材新增文章逐词翻译_综合类
综合C阅读判断新增文章第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.Across 穿越the不翻译Desert沙漠参考译文：穿越沙漠1. The Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠is是the不翻译largest最大的desert沙漠in在…里the不翻译world世界.参考译文：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级新增加文章及全文翻译(全)
第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsiblefor2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n.免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n.症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1．play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2．be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3．can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1．This passage is mainly about ____.A the spreading of the disease known as HIVB the work of Dr. Robert GalloC infectious diseasesD the symptoms of HIV2．A T-cell is a ____.A patient’s bloodB deadly strain of tuberculosisC white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD red blood cell3．The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4．The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A chronological orderB personal narrativeC comparison and contrastD question and answer5．The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A made extremeB celebratedC remove by rubbingD gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1．A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
【真题译文】2015新课标卷1阅读理解和完形填空
【真题译文】2015新课标卷1阅读理解和完形填空【真题译文】2015新课标卷1阅读理解和完形填空2015年新课标卷1阅读理解A原文及译文高考英语2018-08-12Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum【1】Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.【2】November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.【3】December 5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.【4】February 6thAn Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.【5】March 6thEyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review ofall of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Onlinebookings : /doc/dd13500701.html,/bookMoreinto:/doc/dd13500701.html,/wh atsonLondon Canal Museum12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT/doc/dd13500701.html,www.canalmuseum.mobiTel:020 ********21.When is the talk on James Brindley?A. February 6th.B. March 6th.C. November 7th.D. December 5th.22. What is the topic of the talk in February?A. The Canal Pioneers.B. Ice for the MetropolisC. Eyots and Aits-Thames IslandsD. An Update on the Cotsword Canals23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.A. Miranda VickersB. Malcolm TuckerC. Chris LewisD. Liz Payne译文：伦敦运河博物馆每月谈每月的第一个星期四晚上19:30举办每月讲谈，八月除外。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
2015年职称英语新增文章翻译
亚瑟的创奇
很多文化都有某类能代表他们民族深信的价值观的英雄。有关亚瑟王的不同寻常的事情就是他的英雄主义传奇已经持续了几个世纪，并且影响力早已超越它所诞生的英国。 在有关亚瑟王早期的故事中，他是一个战士，他在公元约700年抗击、震慑入侵的北欧人。许多这类亚瑟王的故事大概是基于事实。无论是否叫作亚瑟，大量证据证明是有这样一个战士存在的。后来这些故事被美化修饰，使得它们的真实性受到质疑。根据这些故事，我们知道亚瑟出生在位于英国西海岸廷塔杰尔的一座城堡里，这里经常狂风暴雨。由于亚瑟是国王UtherPendragon的私生子，所以他被巫师Merlin偷偷地带走，因此他不知道自己的真实身份。在王者之剑从它刺穿的石头中拔出时，他才成为国王。他娶了美丽的Guinevere，并且召集所有贵族骑士来到他的王宫，这其中就包括Lancelot，后来Guinevere背叛了亚瑟王和他，在一起。亚瑟王最终在决斗中被他的私生子Mordred打败，他的尸体被偷偷地运到阿瓦隆岛上。 这个传奇故事对中世纪的英国人和法国人很有吸引力，那个时候骑士精神的道德标准——骑士的理想的品格——是许多故事中很重要的一部分。Galahad，Percival，Gawain，以及其他亚瑟王的骑士的英雄主义故事也都传播开来。 在今天的英国，有许多地方都宣称是亚瑟王传奇遗址的一部分。廷塔杰尔还有一座成为废墟的城堡。格拉斯顿堡附近还有一座古代修道院的遗迹，据说亚瑟王和Guinevere的尸体在12世纪就在这里被挖掘出来。这些都不能证明传奇的真实性，但是它们却让这种神秘气氛延续下去。
AcrosstheDesert
穿越沙漠 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。它从塞内加尔到埃及横跨非洲。撒哈拉沙漠的环境不好。白天非常热，晚上有时又很冷。在撒哈拉沙漠中很难找到水。 2006年，KevinLin,RayZahab和Charlie决定做些困难的事情。他们决定跑步穿越4300英里（6920千米）的撒哈拉沙漠。这似乎是不可能完成的，但是他们还想尝试一下。他们三人喜欢挑战自己，而这将是一个很大的挑战式 11月2日的早晨，Kevin,Ray和Charlie开始了他们跑步穿越撒哈拉的旅程。他们每天早晨5点开始跑，到上午11点停下来休息，然后到下午5点继续跑，一直跑到下午9点半。他们每天大概跑40英里（64千米）。每天如此，起床，跑步。听着iPod里的音乐不休停地跑。 在旅途中，Kevin,Ray和Charlie需要吃很多事物。大多数的人每天需要2000卡路里的热量，而他们三人每天需要6000—9000卡路里。那真是很多食物！他们每天也需要喝大量的水。 三人在途中也出现了很多问题，很多次他们都想放弃回家。白天通常很热（140华氏度／60摄氏度），高温导致他们生病，他们的腿和脚都受了伤。有时候天刮起了大风导致他们什么也看不见。有一次他们迷了路，但是他们没有放弃。111天以后，Kevin,Ray和Charlie成功完成了他们穿越撒哈拉沙漠的旅途。他们彼此拥抱，把手伸进红海的海水里，然后他们跑进旅馆好好洗了个澡。
2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版
第九篇AnEssential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green ing sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon theplants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that‟snot all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is usedby the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animalsand other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygenis called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also usewater and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. Thecarbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. Thecarbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of greenplants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophyllsthat give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of thestomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent ofwater a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. Duringthe daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide toenter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is notneeded. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be littlefood or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Theearth‟s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essentialfor life on our planet.An Essential Scientific Process参考译文：一个至关重要的科学过程1. All life on the earth depends upon green plants.参考译文：地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。
2015年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解文章及译文汇总
2015年职称英语考试阅读理解文章必备习题（综合类）Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive 课程免费试听volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming thatfollowed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global 课程免费试听warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts 课程免费试听lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.词汇：dioxide n. 二氧化物 lava n. 熔岩Permian adj. 二叠纪 gigaton n. 十亿吨梯恩梯genera n. 种类 dinosaurs n. 恐龙asteroid n. 课程免费试听小行星注释：The Permian extinction 上学吧视频超市二叠纪物种灭绝练习：1. Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?A) Because they killed off life more easily.B) Because they were brighter.C) Because they were larger.D) Because they were hotter.2. How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?A) By estimating how long they lasted.B) By counting the dinosaurs they killed.C) By studying the chemical composition of lava.D) By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.。
2015职称英语(卫生类)新增文章及翻译
卫生类教材新增文章补全短文卫生B 第七篇 Powering Napping is Good for the I.Q.阅读理解卫生C 第五篇 Tracking Down HIV补全短文卫生C 第二篇 The Hope Children’s Hospice阅读判断卫生A Inquest told of hospital error补全短文卫生A 第十二篇 The enemy Within卫生B补全短文新增文章*第七篇Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. ____1____ It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. ____2____ According to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. ____3____Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours of sleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night and a shorter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow this advice. ____4____ They say this makes the workers much more efficient.To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientists use a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, a person stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believe that a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes or longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect how much sleep we need. ____5____ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep as little as six hours, without having any problems.词汇：emotion n. 情绪commuting n. 乘公交车上下班，通勤I.Q. n. 智商（全称为intelligent quotient）deprivation n. 剥夺，匮乏Sleep Latency Test n. 睡眠潜伏期注释：1．have/has an effect on... 对……有效果的2．go down from... to...从………降至……练习：A They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only for 20 minutes.B Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problems.C People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14 hours a night.D People in power are more intelligent because they take naps.E Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise.F That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks. 答案与题解：1．E本题的做题线索为其之前的一句话，即“睡眠能有助于恢复补充身体和大脑的能量”，其描述的是睡眠的功能，选项E说的也是睡眠的功能，与前文形成补充说明。
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第九篇AnEssential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green ing sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon theplants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that‟snot all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is usedby the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animalsand other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygenis called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also usewater and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. Thecarbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. Thecarbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of greenplants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophyllsthat give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of thestomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent ofwater a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. Duringthe daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide toenter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is notneeded. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be littlefood or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Theearth‟s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essentialfor life on our planet.An Essential Scientific Process参考译文：一个至关重要的科学过程1. All life on the earth depends upon green plants.参考译文：地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。
2. Using sunlight, the plants produce their ownfood.参考译文：植物利用阳光制造自己的食物。
3. Then animals feed upon the plants.参考译文：而动物则以植物为食。
4. They take in the nutrients the plants have madeand stored.参考译文：它们吸收植物制造和储存的营养物质。
5. But that's not all.参考译文：但是植物能做的不仅仅是这些。
6. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen.参考译文：植物还能利用阳光制造氧气。
7. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen thanit uses.参考译文：这些氧气的一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物制造的氧气远多于它们消耗的氧气。
8. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals andother organisms to live.参考译文：这些额外的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。
9. The process of changing light into food andoxygen is called photosynthesis.参考译文：植物将光转化为食物和氧气的过程叫做光合作用。
10. Besides light energy from the sun, plants alsouse water and carbon dioxide.参考译文：植物不仅吸收阳光中的能量，还吸收水和二氧化碳。
11. The water gets to the plant through its roots.参考译文：水通过根系进入植物体内。
12. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves throughtinyopeningscalled stomata.参考译文：二氧化碳通过小孔进入叶子，这些小孔叫做气孔。
13. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplastsspecial cells in the bodies of green plants.参考译文：二氧化碳到达叶绿体，叶绿体是绿色植物体内的一种特殊细胞。
14. This is where photosynthesis takes place.参考译文：光合作用就是在这里发生的。
15. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that giveplants their green color.参考译文：叶绿体内含有叶绿素，这种物质使得叶子呈现绿色。
16. The chlorophylls are the molecules that traplight energy.参考译文：叶绿素是能够收集光能的分子。
17. The trapped light energy changes water andcarbon dioxide to produce oxygen anda simple sugar called glucose.参考译文：收集来的光能将水和二氧化碳转化，产生氧气和一种单糖——葡萄糖。
18. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out ofthe stomata.参考译文：二氧化碳和氧气通过气孔进出。
19. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata.参考译文：水蒸气也是从气孔逸出。
20. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes inthrough its roots escapes through the stomata.参考译文：植物体通过根系吸收的水分中，超过90%都是从气孔逸出的。
21. During the daytime, the stomata of most plantsare open.参考译文：白天，大多数植物的气孔都是张开的。
22. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leavesfor photosynthesis.参考译文：这使得二氧化碳能进入叶子参与光合作用。
23. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed.参考译文：到了夜晚，植物不再需要二氧化碳。
24. The stomata of most plants close.参考译文：大多数植物的气孔就关闭了。
25. Water loss stops.参考译文：水分散失也停止了。
26. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little（表否定）food or other organic matter onthe earth.参考译文：如果光合作用停止，地球上将不会再有食物或其他有机物质。
27. Mostorganisms would disappear.参考译文：大多数生物体都会消失。
28. The earth's atmosphere would no longer containoxygen.参考译文：地球的大气中将不再有氧气。
29. Photosynthesis is essential for life on ourplanet.参考译文：光合作用对于地球上的生命来说是至关重要的。
第二十二篇Real WorldRobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny,metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performinghumanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voiceaccentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imaginea robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robotoften is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today‟s robot ismore than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modernrobot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, arobot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associatedwith human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learningfrom past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for thesimple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced.A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that rolland rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination withjoints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robotutilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot‟s base detectanything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on anincline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential.To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach theobject，the robotbounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in itspath2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to thecomputer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts therobot‟s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progressin its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.Real World Robots参考译文：现实世界中的机器人1. When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps.参考译文：当你想到机器人的时候，你脑海中浮现的是不是一个有着大致人类轮廊的、能够发挥像人类一样的功能，并且能用夹杂着高音的单调音调回答你的问题的有光泽的金属装置？2. This is the way many of us imagine a robot, butin the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all.参考译文：很多人想象中的机器人都是这个样子的，但是，在现实世界中，机器人和人类长得一点都不像。