2018—2019学年度第二学期南开区高三年级模拟考试(二)(理科)
2018-2019学年高三iread试卷4（含答案）
第 1 页 / 共 11 页 试卷编号：19004 2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语模拟试卷 iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研宄中心 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A professor. B. A coach. C. A shop assistant. D. A school librarian. 2. A. People often invite him to parties. B. He does not like to attend parties. C. He does not work on Fridays. D. People enjoy his company. 4. A. He does not know Amy‟s new phone number. B. He forgot to phone Amy earlier today. C. Amy‟s phone number has not changed D. The woman should ask Amy for the phone number. 5. A. He doesn't care about what Professor Smith said. B. Professor Smith will forgive him for his absence. C. He has never missed Professor Smith‟s class. D. Professor Smith was not in class today. 6. A. She is going to start a new experiment. B. She is planning to finish the experiment on Friday. C. She has been given more time to finish the experiment. D. She has no plan for when to start the experiment. 7. A. Nancy will go play tennis soon. B. He is much less patient than Nancy. C. The woman should play tennis with Nancy. D. Nancy should pick up her bat at the post office. 8. A. She thinks the man is funny. B. She got sick from last night‟s dinner. C. She feels better than she did last night. D. She will meet the man for dinner tonight. 9. A. He thinks Betty should take a business class. B. He got angry with Betty at the meeting. C. He admires Betty for expressing her opinion. D. He did not understand what Betty said. 10. A. He did not pay attention to the time. B. His class lasted longer than usual. C. He got lost on the way to the movie. D. He did not know what time the movie started. 第 2 页 / 共 11 页 Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Applying some time in advance. B. Being wealthy enough. C. Owning a restaurant. D. Destroying his own college room. 12. A. They cause damage to the place where they meet. B. They have begun to enroll girl students recently. C. They have never been arrested despite what they do. D. They are allowed by the police to break something not so valuable. 13. A. Club members are usually young but mature. B. Club members don‟t need to regret their deeds. C. Some from club members have become important people. D. Some former club members actually don‟t like what they did. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The development of the Elm Society. B. Growing new kinds of elm trees. C. The importance of elm trees. D. A problem affecting the American elm. 15. A. The extremely dry weather. B. Insects that introduce some bacteria to the tree. C. Nearby stronger trees that get more water. D. Bugs that destroy the trees' roots. 16. A. By controlling the carriers of the disease. B. By growing a stronger kind of the elm. C. By watering infected elm trees. D. By cutting down all infected elms. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. In a classroom. B. On the beach. C. In a physics lab. D. On the train. 18. A. How to walk on the hot sand. B. How to stay cool on a hot day. C. What happened in physics class. D. What is meant by specific heat. 19. A. The hot sand. B. The cold water. C. His physics class. D. His college. 20. A. Its temperature does not change very much. B. Its specific heat is hard to measure. C. It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature. D. It becomes warmer as it comes in contact with sand. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Let your body do the talking! 第 3 页 / 共 11 页 You‟re going for that all-important interview—for a place in a new school or college, or for anew job. You walk into the room and there they are—the interviewers—waiting to see (21)_________ you are made of? But did you know that the actual words you speak are (22) _________ (important) than the wayyou look，the way you behave? Remember, they won‟t just be listening to you, they‟ll be watchingyou too,（23) _________ (receive) all the messages you send out, consciously or unconsciously. Andthen they‟ll decide whether you are the right person for that place or that job. Nervous? Don‟t be. Relax. Just follow the four points. 1. Don‟t cross anything! Keep arms, legs, and feet relaxed and uncrossed. People with(24) _________ (fold) arms look they‟re trying to protect themselves from something. They seem (25) _________ (say)41 am not confident.‟ 2. Make direct eye contact! Avoid looking away all the time because it makes you look suspicious. Look directly at the people who are asking you questions or who you are talking to.(26)_________ (lower) your head all the time and they won‟t be able to see the enthusiasm in youreyes. 3. Mirror their actions! One of the best ways of gaining people's trust and confidence is tomove in the same way as they do. Listen to the speed (27) _________which they‟re talking, and watchthe way they sit or move around. Do the same, but do it slowly at first. You don‟t want them to think you (28) _________ (make) fun of them. 4. Use your head! When somebody asks you a question don't just say the first thing(29) _________comes into your head. Think about your answers. Always say to yourself, 4Why arethey asking this question?‟（30) _________when you know that, you‟ll probably be able to give anappropriate answer! Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. additions B. designed C. firm D. maximum E. measures F. misses G. serious H. sponsored I. spotted J. strategies K. unwanted Clash of the drones Last year, London's Gatwick Airport had to change the course of flights when a drone A 机）was ______31____ flying nearby. In the UK, there were more than 100 incidents involving drones close to airports in 2017—the most ever, and other countries have seen similar increases. Reports of near _____32_____ are at an all-time high. So authorities are eager to find ways to bring down drones safely and reliably. But the task is harder than you might think. That‟s why Dutch police and the country‟s Ministry of Justice and Security ______33____a competition designed to test out the tech required to take out a „naughty‟ drone. Nicknamed as the “anti-drone” competition, the aim of DroneClash was to home in on a reliable way to draw illegal or ____34______ drones out of the sky. The organisers put up a
天津市2018—2019学年八年级物理上学期期中模拟试卷及答案(二)
八年级上册物理期中考试试卷（解析版）
一.选择题
1.坐在逆水行驶的船中的乘客，我们说他是静止的，所选择的参照物是（ ）
A. 河岸上的树 B. 船舱 C. 迎面驶来的船 D. 河水
2.我国1元硬币的直径最接近于（ ）
A. 2nm B. 2mm C. 2cm
D. 2dm
3.下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. 速度越大的物体，通过的路程一定越长 B. 物体做匀速直线运动时通过的路程越长，所需时间一定越多
C. 运动时间短，物体速度一定大 D. 以上说法都不对
4.下面几种现象中，能说明声音可以在水中传播的是（ ）
A. 用光将鱼吸引到网内 B. 鱼被岸上人说话的声音吓跑
C. 在岸上听见河水流动的声音 D. 在岸上听见波浪拍击海岸岩石发出轰鸣声
5.下列与声现象有关的说法中正确的是（ ）
A. 城市道路旁的隔音板是在入耳处减弱噪声 B. B超是利用了声音可以传递信息
C. 我们听不到蝴蝶翅膀振动发出的声音是因为响度太小 D. 声音在空气的速度一定是340m/s 6.小明的发言声音太小，老师要他大声重复一次，老师是要求小明提高声音的（ ）
2021届高考天津市南开区语文一模试题答案
2020-2021学年度第二学期南开区高三年级模拟考试（一）
语文学科参考答案
1.D发动：使开始。发起：倡议（做某件事）。
提携：领着孩子走路，比喻在事业上扶植后辈或后进。提拔：挑选人员使担任更高的职务。
不绝如缕：像细线一样连着，差点儿就要断了，形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。
络绎不绝：形容（人、马、车、船）前后相接，连续不断。
2.B视……当做……，结构错杂，应为“视……为……”；“欧阳修在离世之后”，中途易辙，应
为“在欧阳修离世之后”；“是一篇典型的怀人词”，主语残缺，应为“这是一篇典型的怀人词”。
3.C“临清流而赋诗”出自《归去来兮辞》，《赤壁赋》是散文。
4.B依据原文“但研究发现，由于粮食没有得到合理分配，以及在获取食物上存在物质、
经济或社会文化方面的种种障碍，导致国家或全球充足的粮食供给本身并不能保证家庭的粮
食安全”，可见“其根源在于粮食分配环节存在一定缺陷”，以偏概全。
5.AB.“我国的粮食安全不应再强调产量增长”，依据原文“我国的粮食安全不应再单纯
强调产量增长”，选项忽略“单纯”一词，造成语义不准确；C.无中生有；D.“将”，与原文时态
不符。
6.C“尽量减少全球联系带来的风险”与原文“我国“粮食自给”战略不是尽量减少全球联
系带来的风险”语义相反。
7.C放置
8.A以，介词，用；B副词，辅助判断\副词，才；C.修饰关系\递进关系;D.于是，连词\介词，通
过。
9.B所俘获六千余人\弼皆释之\给粮劳遣\付以敕书\令分道宣谕\于是所至风靡
10.AB.①入城的叙述②傲物C①争功之词②嫉妒心太猛D①军纪严明②贪功
11.B“贺若弼与韩擒虎互相配合渡过长江”，原文没有“互相配合”的叙述，“又为抢夺
战功互相诋毁，刀兵相见”，原文没有“刀兵相见”的叙述。
12.（1）随后知道隋军换防交接，就将已经聚集的军队解散；后来南陈把这种情况当做平
常事\习以为常，不再设置防备。（既，之后，随后；交代，换防交接；以为，把……当
做；设备：设置防备。）
高中数学专题02 简单的线性规划
【母题原题1】【2019年高考天津卷文数】设变量,xy满足约束条件20,20,1,1,xyxyxy，则目标函数4zxy的最大值为
A．2 B．3
C．5 D．6
【答案】C
【解析】已知不等式组表示的平面区域如图中的阴影部分．
目标函数的几何意义是直线4yxz在y轴上的截距，故目标函数在点A处取得最大值．
由20,1xyx，得(1,1)A，所以max4(1)15z．故选C．
【名师点睛】线性规划问题，首先明确可行域对应的是封闭区域还是开放区域，分界线是实线还是虚线，高中数学专题02 简单的线性规划
其次确定目标函数的几何意义，是求直线的截距、两点间距离的平方、直线的斜率、还是点到直线的距离等等，最后结合图形确定目标函数最值或范围．即：一画，二移，三求．
【母题原题2】【2018年高考天津卷文数】设变量,xy满足约束条件52410xyxyxyy，，，，则目标函数35zxy的最大值为
A．6 B．19
C．21 D．45
【答案】C
【解析】绘制不等式组52410xyxyxyy，，，表示的平面区域如图所示，
结合目标函数的几何意义可知目标函数在点A处取得最大值，
联立直线方程得51xyxy，可得点A的坐标为2,3A，
据此可知目标函数的最大值为：max35325321zxy．故选C．
【名师点睛】求线性目标函数z＝ax＋by(ab≠0)的最值，当b＞0时，直线过可行域且在y轴上截距最大时，z值最大，在y轴截距最小时，z值最小；当b＜0时，直线过可行域且在y轴上截距最大时，z值最小，在y轴上截距最小时，z值最大．
【命题意图】主要考查考生的数学运算和直观想象能力及数形结合思想的应用．
【命题规律】从近几年的命题情况来看，线性规划是高考的重点，命题稳定，难度适中．主要考查利用线性规划知识求目标函数的最值、取值范围、参数的取值（范围）以及实际应用，目标函数大多是线性的，偶尔也会出现斜率型和距离型的目标函数，主要以选择题和填空题的形式出现．由于教材改版，预计2020年考查该知识点的可能性降低．
2018-2019学年高三iread试卷9（含答案）
第 1 页 / 共 8 页 试卷编号：19009 2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语模拟试卷 iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研究中心 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mission 2050 Following the success of the Mars 500 mission, the International Space Agency（ISA）has decided to carry out a more extended simulated（模拟的）space mission.„Mission 2050‟will send seven volunteers ___21___（live）for ten years at an isolated, top-secret location, known as„Novaterra‟. Volunteers cannot leave the mission ___22___ they are critically ill. They ___23___ only contact their families and friends every three months by email. The climate and environment of„Novaterra‟___24___（adapt）to reflect what is known about Mars. The mission will be closely monitored by scientists, doctors and psychologists ___25___（research）how to set up real space colonies in the future. ___26___ will be promoted as an important symbol of international co-operation. Its mission statement is to: involve people ___27___ a cross-section of nationalities, races and social backgrounds study ___28___ people of different sexes, ages, react under these conditions study the needs and behavior of any children born into these conditions, etc. find out the most important characteristics ___29___（need）by future space travelers. The ISA will provide food capsules for three years, but the volunteers should become self-sufficient after this. Water, emergency medical supplies, blankets and basic shelter will also be provided. The volunteers will attend a course ___30___ covers survival skills, agriculture and first aid, but practical skills that volunteers can bring will of course be an advantage. Section B Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. contacts B. demands C. distractions D. essential E. graduates F. identify G. impose H. personal I. recommends J. social K. true Getting ahead in the 21st century Have you ever wondered whether you have the skill that you need to succeed in the 21st century? We have the answers. 1. Keep learning Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers. Now these are popular jobs for ___31___. As the world of work changes, we need to change, too. In the past, you just had to ask your uncle to get you a job in his company. These days we need to ___32___ our strengths and constantly improve our skills. Business guru Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent of your time on ___33___ improvement; for example, learning a language or a new computer programme. As somebody once said,„If you work hard on your job, you can make a living. But if you work hard on yourself, you can make a fortune.‟
2018-2019 学年度第一学期物理试题(含答案)
试卷第 1页，总 6页 2018-2019 学年度第一学期物理科试题
（考试范围：第 11 章至 15 章）
命题人： 审题人：
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项正确，每题 3 分，共 21 分）
1. 如图所示，电源电压 9V 保持不变，当开关 S 闭合时，灯泡 L1、L2 均正常发光，电压表示数为 3V,则灯泡 L1 两端的电压是（ ）
A．3V B．6V C．4.5V D．9V
第 1 题图 第 2 题图
2. 在如图所示电路中，当闭合开关 S 后，发现两灯都不亮，电流表的指针几乎指在“0“刻度线不动，而电压表指针有明显偏转，则该电路中的故障可能是（ ）
A．电流表坏了 B．灯泡 L1 的灯丝断了 C．两个灯泡都断路 D．灯泡 L2 的灯丝断了
3. 下图中的电路图和实物图相对应的是（ ）
第 3 题图
4. 如图所示，用滑轮组提升重物时，重 800N 的物体在 10s 内匀速上升 1m．已知拉绳子的力 F
为 500N，则提升重物的过程中（ ）
A． 绳子自由端被拉下 3m B． 有用功是 800J
C． 拉力 F 的功率是 80W D． 滑轮组的机械效率是 53.3% 试卷第 2页，总 6页 第 4 题图 第 5 题图
5. 如图是电阻甲和乙的 U-I 图象,小明对图象信息作出的判断,正确的是( )
A. 当甲两端电压为 0.5V 时,通过它的电流为 0.3A
B. 当乙两端电压为 1V ,其电阻值为 0.4 C. 将甲和乙串联,若电流为 0.4A ,则它们两端的电压为 3V
D. 若甲和乙并联,若电压为 2.5V ,则它们的干路电流为 0.5A
6. 在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，当开关 S 由断开到闭合时，电流表两次示数之比是 1∶5，由此可知，电阻 R1 与 R2 之比是( )
Ａ．1∶4 Ｂ．4∶1 Ｃ．5∶1 Ｄ．1∶5 试卷第 3页，总 6页
第 8 题图 第 9 题图
2020届天津市南开区2017级高三高考一模考试数学试卷参考答案
南开区高三年级模拟考试(一)参考答案 第1页（共7页）
2019—2020学年度第二学期南开区高三年级模拟考试(一)参考答案
数学学科
一、选择题：（本题共9小题，每题5分，共45分）
题 号 （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） （7） （8） （9）
答 案 C A B D B D C A B
二、填空题：（本题共6小题，每题5分，共30分）
（10）2
； （11）–5
2； （12）2∶3
；
（13）12
5，63
64；（第一个空2分，第二个空3分） （14）(1–2
，1
)； （15）13
2，57
14．（第一个空2分，第二个空3分）
三、解答题：（其他正确解法请比照给分）
（16）解：（Ⅰ）由3acosC–csinA=0
得3sinAcosC–sinCsinA=0
， …………1分
∵sinA
＞0
，∴3cosC–sinC=0
，即tanC=3
， …………2分
∵0
＜C＜
，∴C=
3
． …………3分
∴S
△ABC=3
4ab=33
2，即ab=6
，
又a–b=1
，解得a=3
，b=2
． …………6分
由余弦定理得c2=a2+b2–2abcosC=7
，解得c=7
， …………7分
从而cosA=222
2bca
bc
=7
14． …………8分
（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）得sinA=321
14，
南开区高三年级模拟考试(一)参考答案 第2页（共7页）
∴sin2A=2sinAcosA=33
14，cos2A=2cos2A–1=–13
14， …………11分
∴cos
(2A–C
)=cos2AcosC+sin2AsinC
=
(–13
14)·
21
+33
14·
23
=–1
7． …………14分
（17）解：（Ⅰ）解法1：∵在三棱柱 ABC
-A
1B
1C
1中，AA
1∥CC
1，
∴∠PCC
1即为PC
与AA
1所成角．
∵CC
1⊥底面ABC
，∴CC
1⊥BC
，
∵BP=PC
1，∴∠PCC
1=
∠BC
1C
，
不妨设AB=1
，
∵AB=AC=AA
2018-2019学年高三iread试卷8（含答案）
第 1 页 / 共 15 页 试卷编号：19008 2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语模拟试卷 iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研究中心 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Use less soap. B. Apply more cream. C. Try another kind of soap. D. Was her hands carefully. 2. A. He has an ear infection. B. He doesn‟t always listen. C. He‟s never missed a meeting. D. He had to attend another meeting. 3. A. John looks very different. B. She hasn‟t seen John recently. C. John has been away for some time. D. She doesn‟t like John‟s new glasses. 4. A. Wait to see if she feels better. B. Take some medicine. C. Go to bed early. D. See a doctor. 5. A. Warmer. B. Wetter. C. Cooler. D. Hotter. 6. A. He‟s eager to go to the auto show. B. He‟s sorry he can‟t go with the woman. C. He wants to repay the woman‟s kindness. D. He fails to know how to refuse the offer. 7. A. She ate the man‟s bread. B. She didn‟t buy any bread. C. The bread is in the refrigerator. D. The bread might not have been eaten. 8. A. She never gives people jewelry. B. She gives generous presents. C. She doesn‟t often give gifts. D. She likes to receive expensive gifts. 9. A. He missed the interview. B. He won‟t be in the drama. C. The director likes his voice. D. He‟s been taking acting lessons.
2018-2019学年杨浦区高三年级英语一模测试卷（含答案）
高三英语 第1页 共19页 杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研 英语学科试卷2018.12 考生注意: 1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分140分； 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分.所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题> 在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分； 3 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I.Listening Comprehension SectionA Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once, After you hear aconversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper.and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.Job applicants. B.University students. C.News reporters. D.Public speakers. 2. A.$36. B. $60. C. $24. D.$30 3. A.Nervous. B.Excited. C.Surprised. D.Calm. 4. A.They can hardly find time to do exercise. B.Both of them are fond of doing exercise. C.Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do. D.The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man. 5.A.Student and teacher. B Guest and receptionist. C.Customer and shop assistant. D.Daughter and father. 6. A.The Student Union. B.The Tutoring Service Center. C.Her professor's office. D.Her tutor's home. 7. A.The coverage of newspapers. B.The nature of humans. C.The increase of crime rate. D.The impact of mass media. 高三英语 第2页 共19页 8. A.Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays. B.Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule. C.An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday. D.Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule. 9. A.She is disappointed with his decision. B.She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle. C.She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry. D.She suggests the man reconsider his plan. 10. A.Because he favors goods in physical stores. B.Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience. C.Because he doesn't have much money. D.Because he doesn't like the shopping festival. Section B Direction:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you wil be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests. B. Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians. C. People may step onto a landmine(地雷) and get injured. D. Other roads have a litter problem, which spoils good mood. 12. A. It is a rare species of rat. B. It has a good sense of smell. C. It sacrifices its life to detect dangers. D. It is terrified of explosive device. 高三英语 第3页 共19页 13.A. 13 minutes B. 30 minutes C. 40 minutes D. 4 days Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food. B. Its residents lose altogether 100,000kg by 2020. C. Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public. D. Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone 15. A. Local people share healthy diet with each other. B. Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim. C. Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter. D. Government officials persevere in physical exercise. 16. A. Students are encouraged to walk or ride to school B. Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries. C. Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time. D. Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. Neither of them can find a suitable game. B. They are both enthusiastic about games. C. Good games cost a large amount of money. D. They often go Dutch when buying gifts. 18. A. It includes fantasy role-playing. 高三英语 第4页 共19页 B. It doesn't have an actual ending. C. It is an expensive online game. D. It is something like a racing game. 19. A. Players have opportunities to make new friends. B. Players can have face-to-face communication. C. Players may be rewarded with delicious food. D. Players can start the game at any time they want. 20. A. Add variety to the recommended game. B. Look around to find a cheaper online game. C. Persuade the woman to change her mind. D. Try to find an extraordinary online game. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-free The world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems. (22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of
2022届天津市南开区高三(下)三模考试物理试题
第 页 共7页 1 2021-2022学年度第二学期高三年级阶段练习 物理学科试卷 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共100分。用时60分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 一、单项选择题（每小题5分，共25分。每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的。） 1． 如图所示为氢原子的能级图。一群氢原子处于n＝3的激发态，下列说法正确的是 A．原子向n＝2的能级跃迁需要吸收能量 B．原子向低能级跃迁只能发出2种不同频率的光子 C．原子跃迁到低能级后电子动能减小 D．原子至少需要吸收1.51 eV的能量才能发生电离 2． 如图所示，一束由两种单色光组成的细光束沿PO方向由空气射向平行玻璃砖，通过玻璃砖后分成两条单色细光束A、B。下列说法正确的是 A．若增大入射角i，则B光先消失 B．在玻璃中A光的速度比B光的小 C．无论如何改变入射角，光束A、B始终是平行的 D．用同一双缝干涉实验装置分别用A、B光做实验，A光的干涉条纹间距比B光的小 3． 用一竖直向上的力将原来在地面上静止的重物向上提起，重物由地面运动至最高点的过程中，v－t图像如图所示，下列判断正确的是 A．前3 s内与最后2 s内货物的平均速度相同 B．最后2 s内货物处于超重状态 C．前3 s内拉力功率恒定 D．最后2 s运动过程中，货物的机械能减小 6 t/s v/m·s-1 0 3 5 7 第 页 共7页 2 4． 2016年10月17日，“神舟十一号”载人飞船发射升空，运送两名宇航员前往在2016年9月15日发射的“天宫二号”空间实验室，宇航员在“天宫二号”驻留30天进行科学实验。“神舟十一号”与“天宫二号”的对接变轨过程如图所示，AC是椭圆轨道Ⅱ的长轴。“神舟十一号”从圆轨道Ⅰ先变轨到椭圆轨道Ⅱ，再变轨到圆轨道Ⅲ，与在圆轨道Ⅲ运行的“天宫二号”实施对接。下列描述正确的是 A．“神舟十一号”在变轨过程中机械能不变 B．“神舟十一号”从A到C的平均速率比“天宫二号”从B到C的平均速率大 C．“神舟十一号”在椭圆轨道Ⅱ的C点时，需制动减速才能进入圆轨道Ⅲ D．“神舟十一号”在椭圆轨道Ⅱ上经过C点时的加速度小于在圆轨道Ⅲ上经过C点时的加速度 5． 质量相同的两个带电粒子M、N以相同的速度沿垂直于电场方向射入两平行金属板间的匀强电场中，不计带电粒子的重力，M从两板正中央射入，N从下板边缘处射入，它们最后打在同一点，如图所示。则从开始射入至打到上板的过程中 A．它们运动的时间关系为MNtt B．它们的电势能减少量之比2:1:PNPMEE C．它们的动能增量之比4:1:KNKMEE D．它们的动量增量之比1:1:NMPP 二、不定项选择题（每小题5分，共15分。每小题给出的四个选项中，都有多个选项是正确的。全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，选错或不答的得0分。） 6． 一列简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播，波源位于坐标原点处，从t＝0时开始向上振动，如图所示是简谐横波在t＝0.3 s时的部分波动图像，a、b、c是波传播方向上的质点，横坐标分别为0.1 m、0.2 m、0.3 m。下列说法正确的是 A．a、c质点的位移大小始终相等 B．波的传播周期可能为2s25 C．波源的振动方程可能为10sin5π(cm)yt D．在0~0.2 s内，波源通过的最小路程为40 cm 第 页 共7页 3 7． 一定质量的理想气体从状态A变化到状态B，再由状态B变化到状态C，其状态变化过程的p－V图像如图所示。已知气体在状态A时的温度为17℃，热力学温度与摄氏温度间的关系为T＝t+273 K，则下列说法正确的是 A．气体在状态B时的温度为290 K B．气体在状态C时的温度为580 K C．气体由状态B到状态C的过程中，温度降低，内能减小 D．气体由状态B到状态C的过程中，从外界吸收热量 8． 如图所示，图甲为一台小型发电机构造示意图，线圈沿逆时针转动。从某时刻开始计时，产生的电动势随时间变化的正弦规律图像如图乙所示。发电机线圈内阻为1 Ω，外接灯泡的电阻为5 Ω，则下列说法正确的是 A．在t＝l×10-2 s时，穿过线圈的磁通量最大 B．线圈转动的角速度为50π rad/s C．电压表的示数为2.5 V D．灯泡消耗的电功率是1.25 W 第Ⅱ卷 9．（12分） （1）“探究两个互成角度的力的合成规律”的实验情况如图甲所示，其中A为固定橡皮筋的图钉，O为橡皮筋与细绳的结点，OB和OC为细绳。图乙是在白纸上根据实验结果画出的图，F为用平行四边形定则做出的合力。 ①本实验中“等效替代”的含义是 A．橡皮筋可以用细绳替代 B．左侧弹簧测力计的作用效果可以替代右侧弹簧测力计的作用效果 C．右侧弹簧测力计的作用效果可以替代左侧弹簧测力计的作用效果 D．两弹簧测力计共同作用的效果可以用一个弹簧测力计的作用效果替代 ②图乙中的F与F ′ 两力中，方向一定沿AO方向的是______ 第 页 共7页 4 ③实验中用两个完全相同的弹簧秤成一定角度拉橡皮筋时，必须记录的有______ A．两细绳的方向 B．橡皮筋的原长 C．两弹簧秤的示数 D．结点O的位置 ④本实验中，采取下列哪些方法和步骤可以减小实验误差______。 A．两个分力F1、F2间的夹角越小越好 B．两个分力F1、F2的大小要适当大些 C．拉橡皮筋的细绳要稍短一些 D．实验中，弹簧秤必须与木板平行，读数时视线要正对弹簧秤刻度 ⑤在实验中，如果将细绳换成橡皮筋，那么实验结果将______（ 填“变”或“不变”） （2）通过实验测量某金属丝的电阻率。 ①用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径，测量示数如图1所示，可得金属丝直径的测量值d＝ mm。 ②将该金属丝绕在陶瓷管上，电阻值约为25 Ω。除了开关、若干导线之外还提供了以下实验器材： 直流电源 电动势6 V和12 V，内阻不计 电流表A 量程0～0.6 A，内阻约为0.1 Ω 量程0～3 A，内阻约为0.02 Ω 电压表V 量程0～3 V，内阻约为3 kΩ 量程0～15 V，内阻约为15 kΩ 滑动变阻器R 最大阻值为10 Ω 为较准确测量该金属丝的阻值，某同学用所给器材组成实验电路，如图2所示。图中的a、b、c三条导线中有一条连接有误，该导线是 （填写导线编号）。 ③正确连接后，闭合开关前，应该把滑动变阻器的滑片置于滑动变阻器的 （填 “左端”或“右端”）。 ④若测得金属丝的长度为L，直径为d，电压表示数为U，电流表示数为 I，不考虑电流表和电压表内阻的影响，则金属丝的电阻率ρ＝ 。 第 页 共7页 5 10．（16分）如图所示，光滑轨道abcd固定在竖直平面内，ab水平，bcd为半圆，圆弧轨道的半径R＝0.32 m，在b处与ab相切。在直轨道ab上放着质量分别为mA＝2 kg、mB＝1 kg的物块A、B（均可视为质点），用轻质细绳将A、B连接在一起，且A、B间夹着一根被压缩的轻质弹簧（未被拴接）。轨道左侧的光滑水平地面上停着一质量为M＝2 kg、足够长的小车，小车上表面与ab等高。现将细绳剪断，之后A向左滑上小车且恰好没有掉下小车，B向右滑动且恰好能冲到圆弧轨道的最高点d处。物块A与小车之间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.2，重力加速度g＝10 m/s2。求： （1）物块B运动到圆弧轨道的最低点b时对轨道的压力大小； （2）细绳剪断之前弹簧的弹性势能EP ； （3）小车长度L和物块A在小车上滑动过程中产生的热量Q。 第 页 共7页 6 11．（16分）如图甲所示，光滑的金属导轨MN和PQ平行，间距L＝1.0 m，与水平面之间的夹角α＝37° ，匀强磁场磁感应强度B＝2.0 T，方向垂直于导轨平面向上，MP间接有阻值R＝1.6 Ω的电阻，质量m＝0.5 kg，电阻r＝0.4 Ω的金属杆ab垂直导轨放置。现用和导轨平行的恒力F沿导轨平面向上拉金属杆ab，使其由静止开始运动，当金属杆沿导轨向上的位移s＝3.8 m时达到稳定状态，对应过程的v－t图像如图乙所示。取g＝10 m/s2，导轨足够长。（sin370.6，cos370.8）求： （1）恒力F的大小； （2）从金属杆ab开始运动到刚达到稳定状态的过程，金属杆上产生的焦耳热Qr； （3）0~1s内金属杆ab运动的位移x。 第 页 共7页 7 12．（16分）如图所示，质量为m，带电量为+q的液滴，以速度v沿与水平成45°角斜向上进入正交的、足够大的匀强电场和匀强磁场叠加区域，电场强度方向水平向右，磁场方向垂直纸面向里，液滴在场区做直线运动。重力加速度为g，求： （1）电场强度E和磁感应强度B的大小； （2）当液滴运动到某一点P时，电场方向突然变为竖直向上，大小不变，不考虑因电场变化而产生的对磁场的影响，此时液滴加速度a的大小； （3）在满足（2）的前提下，粒子从P点第一次运动到与P点同一水平线上的Q点（图中未画出）所用的时间t和PQ间的距离d。