法律英语汉译英
实用法律英语中英对照版
实用法律英语中英对照版——民事 civil——民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law ——民事上的占有 civil possesion——民事上的没收 civil forfeiture——民事上诉 civil appeal——民事主体 civil subject——民事法律关系 civil legal relationship——民事活动 activity relating to civil law——民事纠纷 civil dispute——民事客体 civil object——民事原告 civil plaintiff——民事被告 civil defendant——民事指控 civil charge——民事案件 civil case——民事过失 civil negligence——民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability ——民事补偿 civil remedy——民事诉讼 civil action——民事损害 civil injury——民事债务 civil debt——民事管辖 civil jurisdiction——民事制裁 civil sanction——民事审判 civil trial——民事调解 civil mediation——民事罚款 civil penalty——民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights ——民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights——民事权利请求 civil claim——民事权利变更 alternation of private right ——民政 civil administraion——民事权利与责任 civil right and liability ——民事权利 civil right——人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person ——人格权 right of personality——上诉权 right of appeal——不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right——立遗嘱权 right to make a will——合法权利 legal right——共有权 communal tenure——求偿权 recoupment; recourse——居住权 right of habitation——使用权 right of use——委任权 power of pocuration——财产权 proprietatis; property right——财产让与权 benefit of cession——起诉权 right of action——采光权 right of ancient lights——专用权 sole right of use——专有权 exclusive power——专利申请权 clailm of patent application——控告权 right of complaint——答辩权 right of reply——解释权 right to interpret——经济权利 economic right——债的请求权 debt claim——监护权 guardianship——选择权 right of choice——转卖权 right of resale——（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice——事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right——法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right——根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience——出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.) ——依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office——事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)——主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion——不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion——强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule orprinciple in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo——any exceptions——万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law——法无明文不处罚nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law——法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law——条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)——自身，本身；本质上 per se——不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata——初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things——情势变迁原则rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances——无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person ——未确定时日的 sine die: without a date——越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)——占领地保有原则 uti possidetisv Lesson Six——民事责任civil liability （信托法律网/编辑）——不履行法律责任 omission——共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility——完全责任 full liability——侵权责任 liability for tort——连带责任 joint liability——财产责任 property liability——过失责任 fault liability——替代责任 vicarious liability——无限责任 unlimited liability——单独责任 solitary liability——道德责任 moral obligation——监护责任 liability of guardian——严格责任赔偿 strict liability——债转股 debt-to-equity swap——港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the USdollar and the HK dollar——坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan——反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...——通货紧缩 deflation——通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/编辑）——非配额产品 quota-free products——非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects——风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment——风险基金 venture capital——风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk——搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises——规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale——国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives——国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment——国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment ——国家补贴 public subsidies——国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves——合理引导消费 guide rational consumption——季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments——既成事实 established/accomplished facts——技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development——劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises——乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises——千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug——企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises——企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses——实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to——平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/ 编辑）样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutualbenefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development ——瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions——市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access——亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council ——亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum——亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System——亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises——亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank——亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting——东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area——亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting ——澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement——亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network——亚太经济合作组织APEC: Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation——亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center——亚太信息基础设施APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure——亚太实验室认可合作APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation——亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum——亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program——东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations——亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting——农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation。
法律英语_教材汉翻英答案（完整版）
法律英语_教材汉翻英答案（完整版）《法律英语》课后“汉翻英”答案 (完整版)Lesson One1）Common law is the law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals.2) Equity is a type of law that developed in parallel with common law since the end of the 14th century, which applies to civil cases and is one of the sources of the common-law system.3) In the U.S., one of the functions of the federal courts is to interpret federal statutes and the constitution.4) The civil-law system mainly prevails in continental Europe as well as other countries and regions heavily influenced by continental European countries.5) Before the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was promulgated in 1938, the federal courts of the United States procedurally separated law and equity. Lesson Two1) Private law regulates the relationship between individuals whiles public law concerns the relationship between person (including natural persons and artificial persons) and the state.2) Codification is not the essential difference between the civil-law system and the common-law system.3) In many civil-law jurisdictions, precedents are not considered as binding.4) Domestic law is different from international law in that domestic law refers to the laws within a given state which regulates the acts of individuals and other legal entities within its jurisdiction.5) Substantial law refers to laws that define and recognize rights and obligations as well as duties and responsibilities whileprocedural law refers to laws that provides for the mechanism for the realization or performance of rights and duties as well as duties and responsibilities.Lesson Three1) In some countries alcoholic beverages are prohibited from being sold to children.2) Since the 1980s, China has set up and improved the employment service system, which includes employment introduction, employment training, unemployment insurance and employment services.3) Various forms of resistance to desegregation were prevailing in those years.4) It is unjust and unlawful to discriminate against people of other races.5) Just as individuals in a democratic country have equal voting rights regardless of whether they are rich or poor, powerful or weak, all countries in the General Assembly have the same voting rights.Lesson Four1) A crime is an act which may lead to the imposition of punishment.2) Some reports accused BP of criminal negligence in the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.3) Modern U.S. criminal law provides that there must be clear definition for all the constituting elements of each and every crime.4) Generally those who provide assistance to people in their criminal act are punishable as accessories or accomplices.5) Failure to act may be punished where the person is undera duty to act. Lesson Five1) Parties to a contract shall fully perform their obligations in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.2) A contract is an agreement between parties which creates, modifies or terminates a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with law is protected by law.3) A citizen or a legal person shall bear civil liabilities for his failure to fulfill his contractual or other obligations.4) No modification or revocation of a contract may prejudice the parties’claims for damages.5) For a party’s non-performance or his performance unfaithful to the contractual stipulations, the other party to a contract is entitled to demand specific performance or other remedies, and also, compensation for the resulted losses.Lesson Seven1) One who is at fault for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person shall be subject to the tort liability.2) Where a defective product causes any harm to another person, the manufacturer shall assume the tort liability.3) One who shall assume the tort liability for infringing upon the civil right or interest of another person, whether at fault or not, as provided for by law, shall be subject to the legal provisions in the tort law.4) Where a tort endangers the personal or property safety of another person, the victim of the tort may require the tortfeasor to assume the tort liability such as cessation of infringement, removal of obstruction and elimination ofdanger.5) A network user or network service provider who infringes upon the civil right or interest of another person through network shall assume the tort liability.Lesson Seventeen1) Before the judgment what is to be done is to dispose of the case, while after the judgment is rendered, all that remains to be done is to enforce it.2) If the matter involved in the appeal is of great importance, it ought to be submitted for review.3) There are exemptions from jury service for members of the legal profession, the police force, etc.4) Judges often require that the parties agree upon a schedule of issues so as to accelerate the trial process.5) In the High Court an official shorthand note is, unless the judge otherwise directs, taken of any evidence given orally in Court and of the summing up by the judge. Upon payment of the prescribed fee, a transcript can be made available.Lesson Eighteen1) The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties.2) The dispute shall be submitted for arbitration by a mutually nominated arbitrator.3) Where no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration.4) Each party may also directly apply for arbitration to the Personnel Dispute Arbitration Commission.5) Traditionally, our contracts did not contain provisions for arbitration in a third country.。
CATTI 法律英语词汇
CATTI笔译法律汉译英词汇（古罗马的）元老院the Senate《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais《汉莫拉比法典》Code of Hammurabi《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC按照出资比例in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment按照法律规定according to the law案件case案件诉讼费litigation cost案由cause of action颁布issue; promulgate办案handle a case办理deal with办理注销登记cancel the registration帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪crime of harboring drug criminals包庇罪crime of concealing the murder保税区bonded area保险法Insurance Law保险凭证insurance certificate保证/担保warranty; guarantee保证金bail保证金账户margin account保证人/担保人guarantor保证书indemnity; covenant of warranty保证条款warranty保值利率inflation-proof interest rate报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups被裁定为be adjudged to be被陈述人representee被代理人the principal被告人辩解statement of the defendant被侵权人the infringed被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be declared illegal本人名义in one’s name必然因果关系positive causal relationship必要共同犯罪indispensable joint crime边缘法学borderline jurisprudence标的subject matter剥夺权利deprival of rights驳回dismiss; reject驳回上诉reject an appeal补偿报酬compensatory payment补偿制度compensation system补充规定supplementary provision不成文法unwritten law不服一审判决refuse to accept the first-instance judgment不具有法律效力null; void不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majeure不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不履行合同breach of contract不履行合约repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法dishonorable conduct and practices不能犯impossibility; unrealized offense不时frequently不予支持unassisted不作为omission部门规章regulation财产保全property preservation财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权property mortgage财产法property law财产分割properties division财产关系和人身关系property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人property administrator; custodian of property财产混同confusion; hotchpot财产继承权the right of inheritance财产留置权encumbrance财产所有权property right裁定ruling; order裁定撤销原判决make a written order to set aside the judgment采用书面形式in written form参加恐怖活动组织罪crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities 参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions仓单warehouse voucher草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract产权关系property relations产权制度property order长期合同long-term contract偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement超出法律权限的extralegal超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction超越代理权beyond the scope of one’s power of agency超越管辖权excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority撤销并发回给reversed and remanded to (the original court)撤销合同cancellation of contract撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠cancellation of will; revocation of will陈述state承担assume承担责任be responsible for承典人pledge; pawnee承认confess承运人carrier承运人本人的过失actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚实信用原则principle of honesty and credibility; principle of honesty and good faith; good faith principle; bona fide principle诚信原则principle of good faith城市住宅局City House Bureau乘人之危take advantage of one’s unfavorable position惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施punitive measure惩罚性的损害赔偿punitive damages惩罚性制裁punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合combination of punishment and education抽逃出资罪crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇bill purchased出于对法律的无知from ignorance of law出于恶意from malevolence出资比例ratio of investments除（本法）另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外责任条款exclusive clause处罚penalty处分财产dispose of properties处分权act of disposition处分原则principle of disposition处以刑罚inflict punishment处以有期徒刑sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯violate触犯法律break the law; violate the law触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests 传统法律观念traditional ideas of law传销pyramid selling船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortgage of the ship; ship mortgage 船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权possessory lien; lien of ship串通collaboration次要规则secondary rule从宽处理lenient punishment, liberal punishment从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence从重处罚give a severer punishment村民委员会the village committee存款机构deposit-taking institution措辞wording错漏error; mistake答辩状the defense答复reply打官司initiate legal proceeding打击struggle against打假crack down on counterfeit goods打假办公室Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大法官Justice大股东substantial shareholder大股东控权人majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister大律师书记barrister’s clerk大批bulk代理检查员acting prosecutor代理民事活动be represented in civil activities by代理权终止the expiration of one’s power of agency代理人agent代理审判员acting judge代通知金payment in lieu of notice代销sales by proxy单独承担的责任undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为unilateral administrative act单位entity unit单位受贿罪crime of bribe taken by a unit单务合同unilateral contract单一犯罪构成single constitution of crime担保书certificate of guarantee但书proviso当事人parties当事人陈述statements of the parties当事人起诉要求the litigants sue for党纪国法Party discipline and state laws; Party discipline and the laws of the state党政分工division of labor between the Party and the government档案工作人员file clerk盗伐森林罪crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯theft act; larcenist盗窃枪支crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of military equipment道德规范norm of morality道德义务moral obligation得到证实be believed得利者/受益人beneficiary等价有偿making compensation for equal value抵触contravene抵押mortgage地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检查院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三方the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查/调查报告investigation调查取证investigation and evidence collection调节流动性influence liquidity level调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对价consideration对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对抗措施counter measure对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对人权right in person; personal right对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所Foreign Trade Law Firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation对物诉讼令状writ in rem对象不能犯object impossibility多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-lateral international conventions多次作案repeatedly commit crimes多分a larger share多头long position, bull position调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对价consideration对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对抗措施counter measure对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对人权right in person; personal right对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所Foreign Trade Law Firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation对物诉讼令状writ in rem对象不能犯object impossibility多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-lateral international conventions多次作案repeatedly commit crimes多分a larger share多头long position, bull position法定主管当局statutory authority法官考评委员会committee for the examinations and appraisal of judges法规laws and regulations法纪监督supervision over legal discipline法理jurisprudence; principle of law法理背景jurisprudential background; jurisprudential base法理学/法学Jurisprudence法理学家jurisprudent法令decree法律保护legal protection法律冲突conflict of laws法律本质essence of law法律地位position of law法律废止abolishment of law法律实施law enforcement法律适用application of law法律统一unification of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律服务所Legal Service Office法律改革law reform法律顾问处Legal Consultant Office法律后果legal effect法律解释权power of law interpretation法律面前人人平等equality before the law法律上的财产处分legal disposition of property法律行为juristic act; act under the law法律虚无主义legal nihilism法律依据legal basis法律意识law-consciousness; legal consciousness; awareness of law法律援助legal aid法律约束legal binding; legal restraint法律制裁legal sanctions法律专业legal profession法律尊严legal sanctity法人judicial person; legal person法人的权利能力legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限corporate power法人人格corporate personality法人团体corporation法人委托书power of attorney法人组织章程the articles of association of the legal person法庭程序文件process of court法系legal system法系地区relevant law area法学博士doctor of jurisprudence法学研究所Institute of Law法医legal medical expert法医学的medicolegal法医学Forensic Medicine法院裁决court decision法院判决court sentence法院组织法organic law of the courts法制观念awareness of law翻新revision反驳disprove反对通知书notice of objection反革命宣传煽动罪crime of counter revolutionary propaganda and incitement 反革命罪crime of counter-revolution反悔repudiate; resile反诉counter-claim反要约counter offer反走私anti-smuggling返还restitution返还性损害赔偿金restitutionary damages犯罪低龄化lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪构成constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意criminal intent; guilty intent; mens rea犯罪集团criminal group犯罪课题object of crime犯罪客观要件objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体object of crime犯罪实行终了completion of a criminal act犯罪事实particulars of crime犯罪行为actus reus犯罪意图mens rea犯罪预防crime prevention犯罪终止discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面subjective aspect of crime犯罪主体subject of crime贩卖假药罪crime of selling bogus medicines贩卖淫秽物品罪crime of selling pornographic articles贩运假币罪crime of trafficking in counterfeit national currency方便与公平的原则principle of convenience and fairness防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度limit of defense防止类似事件重演prevent the recurrence of similar incidents防止性禁制令prohibitory injunction妨碍pervert妨碍公务罪crime of disrupting public service妨碍司法公正interfere with the cause of justice; obstruction of justice妨碍公共安全罪crime of impairing public security妨害公务罪crime of interference with public administration; crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪crime of disrupting the order of social administration妨害他人婚姻家庭罪crime of disrupting marriage and the family房款凭证evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权property right in real estate房屋估价报告home appraisal report房屋继承successor in title, transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放弃relinquish; waive放弃权利withdraw a claim; waive a right放行条release pass非法unlawful; illegal非法查封unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产unlawfully seal up property非法持有、私藏枪支、弹药罪crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition非法持有毒品罪crime of illegally holding drugs非法出售增值税专用发票罪crime of illegally selling invoice for exclusive use of V AT非法逮捕拘禁或搜身unlawful arrest, detention, and search非法告发wrongful prosecution非法检举wrongful prosecution非法干涉illegal intervention非法干预illegal interference非法购买illegally purchasing非法活动unlawful activities非法拘禁罪crime of unlawful detention非法利益unlawful interests非法手段illegal means非法套汇illegal purchase of foreign exchange非法同居关系cohabiting unlawfully非法转让unlawful assignment非婚生子女illegitimate child非强制性行政行为non-coercive form of administrative action非营利的non-profitmaking非约束性条款permissive provision非政府机关non-governmental organization非主要条件non-essential stipulation非专业人士lay persons诽谤defame诽谤罪crime of defamation废除repeal分割partition分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide responsibility for their own work, coordinate their efforts and check each other分居live separate and apart分离/遣散severance分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation of powers分摊apportion分租sub-lease风险投资venture capital封建宗法思想feudal legal thought否决权veto power否认deny否认事实denial of facts夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation抚养费maintenance服从法律amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决accept a judgment符号sign符合议事程序be in order符合宪法constitutionality福利社会welfare society抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship 父母权parental right复购/回购re-purchase付清余款pay the residual balance负共同连带责任liable jointly and severally负全部责任bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人each of the joint debtors 附带条件incident附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附带原因contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为conditional civil juristic acts 附条件的权利conditional right附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to复核审法院Court of Review复利compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察官Deputy Chief Procurator改过自新remorse and reform干扰证人interfere with a witness感化influence感情破裂loss of affection港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency 高等法院high court; high court of justice格式合同standard form contract隔地犯offense of segregation by location隔时犯offense of segregation by time个人财产personal property个人合伙individual partnership个体劳动者所有权individual worker’s ownership给付定金leave a deposit with the other party给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter工具不能犯impossibility of instruments工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工商行政管理机关the administrative agency for industry and commerce工作场所work place负有连带义务的每个债务人each of the joint debtors附带条件incident附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附带原因contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利conditional right附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to复核审法院Court of Review复利compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察官Deputy Chief Procurator改过自新remorse and reform干扰证人interfere with a witness感化influence感情破裂loss of affection港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency高等法院high court; high court of justice格式合同standard form contract隔地犯offense of segregation by location隔时犯offense of segregation by time个人财产personal property个人合伙individual partnership个体劳动者所有权individual worker’s ownership给付定金leave a deposit with the other party给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter工具不能犯impossibility of instruments工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工商行政管理机关the administrative agency for industry and commerce工作场所work place股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意犯罪calculated crime; intentional crime故意破坏公私财务罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in a person’s death故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of willful and malicious injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings关键pivotal issue关税壁垒custom barrier关系恶化worsening of relation管辖jurisdiction管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession贯彻执行executed in fact惯犯hardened criminal归还restitution规避义务evade obligations规章directive国际审判机关international judicial organs国家赔偿案件case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则principle of culpability for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则principle of dual faults for state compensation国家赔偿主体subject of state compensation国家职能function of the state国民待遇national treatment过失犯罪criminal negligence; involuntary criminal; negligent crime海关法customs law海事法院admiralty court海牙公约The Hague Convention合法的土地所有权legitimate land ownership right合法继承人lawful successor合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合计惩处aggregate punishment合理考虑reasonable contemplation合理预见reasonable foreseeability合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适处分appropriate penalty; just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同履行地法/合同订立地lex lici contractus合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同有效期contract life合同正本originals of the contract合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭collegiate bench合议制collegial system合营期限duration of joint ventures合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord核实verify核准登记的经营范围within the range approved and registered黑社会性质的犯罪集团gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang 横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy哄抢财产roaring seizure后果的严重程度severity of consequence互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission缓期两年执行with a two-year reprieve缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑probation患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift; waster回报率rate of return回购协议repurchase agreement悔改remorse; repent悔罪repentance婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻基础marriage law婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender获得procurement基本法律basic statute基本性国家法律overriding national law基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies缉私anti-smuggling即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance极刑capital punishment集合犯aggregate offense; collective offense集会结社assembly and association集体所有制企业enterprise under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a technology contract既遂犯accomplished crime继承法inheritance law继承纠纷succession dispute继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate继续犯continuous crime寄养子女foster child加权平均值weighted average加重处罚give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed加重刑罚aggravate punishment家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假冒他人注册商标罪crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释parole假象防卫imaginative defense假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule间接故意indirect intent; indirect intention监察部ministry of supervision监护人guardian监禁custody监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance拘留所detention house减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻处罚mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor监察机关procuratorate检察长chief procurator检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution简单共同犯罪simple joint crime简单合同simple contract建筑许可证construction license鉴定identification鉴定结论expert conclusions鉴定员identifier交付delivery交给relinquish交通事故行政裁决administrative decision of traffic accident缴获seize教唆犯instigators教唆未遂attempt of solicitation教育附加税additional education tax教育挽救感化education, saving, influence接纳上诉appeal allowed接受存款公司deposit-taking company接受令状的送达accepts service of the writ接受宣判的当事人the party to accept the judgment to be pronounced劫持船只、汽车罪crime of hijacking a ship or a automobile劫持航空器罪crime of skyjacking结案settle a lawsuit结果犯consequential offense结果加重犯aggregated consequential offense结合犯combinative crime; integrated offense解除determine解除合同termination of contract解决纷争settlement to disputes解决未果fail to resolve介入人intervener介入诉讼intervene in proceedings介绍信letter of introduction籍内庭发出传票by summons in chambers金钱赔偿monetary compensation金融租赁公司financial lease companies金税工程Golden Tax Project近亲属near relatives禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁制令injunction经办人员handling personnel商业贷款commercial lending经纪人broker经济案件级别管辖jurisdiction by amount in controversy in economic cases经济承受能力ability to shoulder economically经济合同仲裁委员会Economic Contract Arbitration Board经济审判庭Economic Division Associate Chief Judge经主管机关核准登记approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会the neighborhood committee; the residents’committee拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪crime of refusing to execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court拒绝履行repudiate具结悔过make a statement of repentance具体行政行为specific administrative act具体罪concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反罪责罪crimes of soldiers violating military duties勘验笔录records of inspection抗税罪offense of resisting taxes可让与性alienability客体不能犯object impossibility空白罪状blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪crime of illegal denudation累犯recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense立案docket a case利害关系人interested person量刑criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑幅度extent for discretionary action of sentencing律师代理费counsel’s fees律师行业the practice of law罗马法系Roman-Law System埋藏物，隐藏物buried or concealed object民法典civil code民法通则General Principles of the Civil Law民法学science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence”in civil cases 民政部门the civil affairs department拿破仑法典The Code of Napoleon农村承包经营户leaseholding farm households虐待罪crime of abusing member of one’s family挪用公款案case of misappropriation of public funds欧洲大陆法Continental Law偶犯casual offender; casual offense判决裁定judgments and written orders配偶spouse批复reply平等主体civil subjects with equal status普通法common law期间time periods企业法人被撤销the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散disbanding of an enterprise as legal person起诉状a statement of complaint契约自由liberty of contract强制措施compulsory measures侵权责任tortious liability情节加重犯aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重构成犯罪的when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime 取保候审post a bail and wait trial with restricted liberty of moving取得不当得利profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格be qualified as a legal person取证obtain evidence全民所有制企业an enterprise owned by the whole people权威解释authentic interpretation缺乏后劲unsustainable momentum让与alienate; cede让与利益benefit of cession扰乱公共场所秩序罪crime of disturbing order at public places绕规模贷款circumvent credit ceiling人身不可侵犯inviolability of the person认缴资本subscribed capital软贷款soft loans软预算约束soft budget constraint三角债chain debts三权分立separation of powers善意推定presumption of good faith善政廉政good government擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily商业贷款commercial loans上市公司listed corporations上诉法院the appellate court上诉期间the time limit for filing an appeal上诉状the appeal petition设备利用capacity utilization设立义务规则rule of imposing duty设立、变更或终止民事关系establish, change or terminate civil relationship社会保障体系social safety net社会主义法制socialist legal system深层次结构性矛盾deep-rooted structural imbalance审查制度censorship; inspection system审计监督supervise through auditing审判人员judicial officers审批金融机构license financial institutions审慎监督prudential supervision生产能力闲置unutilized capacity生息资产interest-bearing assets生效法律expired laws实施细则inplementary provisions实际承运人actual carrier世纪利用外资disbursement of foreign capital实际有效汇率real effective exchange rate实时real time实收资本paid-in capital实现利润realized profit市场分割market segmentation市场经济market economy市场准入market access市价总值market capitalization适度从紧appropriately tight适时调节timely adjustment适用范围area of application; sphere of application收回对金融机构贷款recall central bank loans (to financial institutions) 书记员court clerk书面合同a written contract书证、物证documentary evidence, material evidence双倍返还定金repay the deposit in double双方法律行为bilateral legal transaction税后还贷amortization (repayment of loans) after tax税收流失tax erosion税源不足weak tax base私营经济the private sector诉讼当事人litigant诉讼费用litigation costs诉讼请求the claims所有者权益owner’s equity他物权right over the property of another逃税tax evasion套汇currency swap提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗议raise a plea提供一定的财产作为抵押物offer a specific property as a pledge完全民事权利能力full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人person entirely incapable of legal transaction 违法经营illegal business operation违反合同breach of contract违宪violation of constitution委托代理entrusted agency委托代理人entrusted agent无国籍人士stateless persons无过错责任liability without negligence无民事行为能力人a person having no capacity for civil conduct下落不明one’s whereabouts unknown先决条件prerequisite。
法律英语词汇35页中英对照
法律英语词汇35页中英对照户口尚未解决residence account in the city not yet properly arranged华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission淮南市Huainan Municipality缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复resume恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift挥霍浪费waste徽章honour回报return回报payoff回报率rate of return回避withdrawal回购协议repurchase agreement回扣commit悔改remorse悔改repent悔罪repentance汇票draft贿赂bribery惠州市Huizhou Municipality婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻法marriage law婚姻基础basis for marriage婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender货证bill of lading获得procurement机部机械设备成套总局General Office of Complete Set of Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry of the State Construction Commission机械工业委员会Machinery Industry Commission基本法Basic Law基本法律basic statute基本权利和义务fundamental rights and duties基本人权fundamental human rights基本性国家法律overriding national law基本政策fundamental policies基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies基层人民法院Basic People's Court基层人民法院副院长Basic People's Court vice-president基层人民法院院长Basic People's Court president缉私anti-smuggling及时promptness即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance极刑capital punishment集会结社assembly and association集体企业collectively owned enterprise集体所有collective ownership集体所有制单位unit under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划经济planned economy计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market济南市Jinan Municipality济宁市Jining Municipality继承in succession继承纠纷succession dispute继承权right in succession继承人successor继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division 继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate 继父母step parent继续进行to proceed继子女step-child寄递consignment寄养子女foster child寄运consignment加权平均值weighted average加重刑罚Aggravate Punishment佳木斯市Kiamusze Municipality家庭财产分割协议marriage settlement家庭成员family members家庭法family law家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假释parole假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor 坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule兼容性compatibility监察部Ministry of Supervision监察局Supervisory Bureau监督supervise国家农业综合开发办公室State Agriculture Comprehensive Development Office 国家破产储量管理局State Minerals Reserves Administration Bureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会State People's Air Defense Commission国家人事局State Personnel Bureau国家商标局State Trademark Bureau国家商检局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局State Petroleum and Chemical Industry 国家水产总局State Aquatic Product General Bureau国家税务局National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局State Administration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家体育总局State Administration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price Control Bureau国家物资局State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau) 国家行政区域划分demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau 国家语言文字工作委员会State Lanuage Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council 国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council 国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center 国务院法制办国务院法制局Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院港澳办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院工资制度改革小组Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council国务院关税税则委员会Salary Reform Group of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院经法规研究中心Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经济法规研究中心Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院科技干部局Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology Cadre Bureau of the State Council国务院口岸领导小组Science and Technology Education Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心Port Leading Group of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Rural Development Research Center of the State Council国务院企业管理委员会Impoverished Area Economic Development Leading Group of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Enterprise Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组Oversea Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidition and Assets Check Group of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" Leading Group of the State Council国务院清理三角债导小组Liquidation Assets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects Leading Group of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council国务院生产办公室San Xian Construction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Office of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会Manufacture Office of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室Water Soil Conservation Commission of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室)Taxation Accounting Commodity Price Examination Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室T aiwan Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院体制改革办公室Special Zone Office of the State Council 国务院统一着装管理委员会System Reform Office of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组Uniform Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院外事办Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院新闻办公室Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组News Office of the State Council Information Work Leading Group of the State Council 国务院学位委员会Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会Securities Commission of the State Council 国务院知青办Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property 故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide 故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in aperson's death故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentional injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings 关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所Inspection Institution for Boiler Pressing Containers国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense Scientific Technological Industry 国际供应合同international supply contract 国际惯例international common practice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The State Administration of National Security国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家保密局State Bureau of Protection of Confidential documents国家编制委员会State Organization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State City Construction General Bureau国家出版局State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismology Bureau国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade国家国有资产管理局State State-ouned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry 国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会State Planning Commission国家计量局State Metrological Bureau国家建筑材料工业局State Construction Materials Industry Administration国家教育委员会State Education Commission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National Ban Brugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会State Economy Commission国家开发银行State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委Commission国家科学技术委员会State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局State Bureau of T ourism国家煤炭工业局State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室State Secret code Regulatory Commission Office 国家民族事务委员会State National Affairs Commis国家南极考察委员会National South Pole Investigation Commission国家能源投资公司State Energy Resources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State Energy Resources Commission国家农业委员会State Agriculture Commission国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state's stake in listed companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General Customs Administration海军司令部Commander Department of the Navy海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的legitimate合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foreseeability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time合理性方面的要求requirement of reasonableness 合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适的处分appropriate penalty合适的处分just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同法law of contract合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同条款的分类classification of terms合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭Collegiate Bench合议制collegiate system合营期限duration of joint ventures合约contract合约一方party合约责任contractual obligation合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord河北省高级人民法院High People's Court of Hebei Province 核实verify核实证据verified evidence黑龙江省Heilongjiang Province横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy衡阳市Hengyang Municipality哄抢财产roaring seizure后法优于前法lex posterior derogat lex priori后果的严重程度severity of consequence后续条件condition subsequent呼和浩特市Huhehaote Municipality互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相帮助assist each other互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互选elect from among themselves互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings同比on year-on-year basis同业拆借inter-bank borrowing同业拆借市场利率CHIBOR同业融通票据inter-bank financing bills同业往来inter-bank transactions头寸position透支overdraft退税tax refund吞吐基础货币adjustment of monetary base脱媒现象disintermediation外部审计external audit外国直接投资foreign direct investment外汇储备foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves 外向型经济export-oriented economy外债external debt外资企业foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证tax payment documentation违法经营illegal business委托存款entrusted deposits稳步增长steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易book-entry transaction物价监测price monitoring吸纳流动性absorb liquidity稀缺经济scarcity economy洗钱money laundering系统内调度fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机systemic financial crisis下岗工人laid-off employees下游企业down-stream enterprises现场稽核on-site examination现金滞留cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业township and village enterprises削减冗员shed excess labor force消费税excise tax消费物价指数consumer price index消灭财政赤字balance the budget; to eliminate fiscal deficit 销货款回笼reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡lackluster sales协议外资金额committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点new sources of economic growth新开工项目new projects; newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置new jobs; new job opportunities信贷规模考核review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真distorted signals信托投资公司trust and investment companies信息不对称information asymmetry信息反馈feedback信息共享系统information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用扩张credir expansion信用评级credit rating行政措施Administrative Measures行政措施administrative measures姓资还是姓社pertaining to socialism or capitalism; socialist or captialist虚伪存款window-dressing deposits需求膨胀demand expansion; excessive demand寻租rent seeking迅速反弹quick rebound养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application; non-discretionary implementation一级市场primary market银行网点banking outlets应收未收利息overdue interest营业税business tax赢利能力profitability硬贷款commercial loans用地审批grant land use right游资hot money有管理的浮动汇率managed floating exchange rate有市场的产品marketable products有效供给effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款overdue loans; past-due loans与国际惯例接轨become compatible with internationally accepted practices与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market预调pre-emptive adjustment预算外支出（收入）off-budgetexpenditure月环比on a month-on-month basis再贷款central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款deposits at the central bank在途资金fund in float增长平稳steady growth增加农业投入increase investment in agriculture增势减缓deceleration of growth增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures 增值税value-added tax涨幅偏高higher-than-desirable growth rate账外账concealed accounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment证券交易清算settlement of securities transactions证券投资portfolio investment证券业务占款funding of securities purchase政策工具policy instrument政策性业务policy-related operations政策性银行policy banks政策组合policy mix政府干预government intervention支付困难payment difficulty支付能力payment capacity直接调控方式向increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments 职能转换transformation of functions职业道德professional ethics指令性措施mandatory measures指令性计划mandatory plan; administered plan制定和实施货币政策conduct monetary policy滞后影响lagged effect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineation of fiscal responsibilities周期谷底bottom (trough) of business cycle 周转速度velocity逐步到位phase in逐步取消phase out主办银行main bank主权风险sovereign risk注册资本registered capital抓大放小seize the big and free the small专款专用use of funds as ear-marked转贷on-lending转轨经济transition economy转机turnaround转折关头turning point准财政赤字quasi-fiscal deficit准货币quasi-money资本不足under-capitalized资本充足率capital adequacy ratio资本利润率return on capital资本账户可兑换capital account convertibility 资不抵债insolvent资产负债表balance sheet资产负债率liability/asset ratio资产贡献率asset contribution factor资产集中asset concentration资产利润率return on assets资产质量asset quality资产组合asset portfolio资金成本cost of funding; cost of capital资金到位fully funded资金宽裕have sufficient funds资金利用率fund utilization rate资金缺口financing gap资金体外循环financial disintermediation资金占压funds tied up自筹投资项目self-financed projects自有资金equity fund综合国力overall national strength监护人guardian监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison 监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance监狱Prison and Detention houses减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻损失mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor检察长chief procurator检察机关procuratorate检察人员procurator检察委员会Procuratorial Committee检察委员会会员Procuratorial Committee member检察委员会检察员Procuratorial Committee procurator检察委员会书记员Procuratorial Committee clerk检察委员会助理检察员Procuratorial Committee assistant procurator检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution检验examination简单合同simple contract建筑许可证Construction Licence建筑业协会Architecture Industry Association鉴定identification鉴定员identifier江阴市Jiangyin Municipality交付delivery交给relinguish交通部Ministry of Communication交通事故行政裁决administrative decision of traffic accident 交通银行Bank of Communication缴获seize教唆犯instigators教唆者instigators教育部Ministry of Education教育附加费additional education tax教育挽救感化,,education, saving, influence阶级斗争class struggle接管take over接纳上诉appeal allowed接受存款公司deposit-taking company接受令状的送达accepts service of the writ结案wind up a case, close a case, settle a lawsuit结合united结婚登记marriage registration结束termination解除determine解除合同termination of contract解答clarification on解放军总直属队The Army Units Directly under the Chinese People's Liberation Army解交被拘押者到庭作证令状writ of habeas corpus adsubjiciendum解决未果fail to resolve解释Interpretation介入人intervener介入诉讼intervene in proceedings介绍信letter of introduction借据IOU藉内庭发出传票by summons in chambers斤jin金钱赔偿monetary compensation金融机构Financial agency金融市场financial market金融租赁公司financial lease companies金税工程Golden Tax Project锦州市Jinzhou Municipality近亲属near relatives禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁制令injunction经办人员handling personnel经常性贷款commercial lending经调解upon mediation经纪broker经济案件级别管辖Jurisdiction by amount in controversy in economic cases 经济帮助financial assistance经济承受能力ability to shoulder economically经济等检察厅Economic Affairs经济法economic law经济犯罪economic crimes经济合同法Economic Contract Law经济合同仲裁委员会Economic Contract Arbitration Board经济合作合同contract on economic co-operation经济价值economic value经济审判庭Economic Division经济审判庭副庭长Economic Division Associate Chief Judge 经济审判庭庭长Economic Division Chief Judge经济师economist经济损失economic loss经济特区法规laws and regulations of the special economic zones经济仲裁制度economic arbitration system律师行业the practice of law批复Reply缺乏后劲unsustainable momentum绕规模贷款circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值per capita GDP人均收入per capita income人民币升值压力upward pressure on the Renminbi认缴资本subscribed capital软贷款soft loans软预算约束soft budget constraint软着陆soft landing三角债chain debts善政廉政good governance商业贷款commercial loans上市公司listed corporations设备利用capacity utilization社会保障social safety net深层次矛盾deep-rooted structural imbalance审批金融机构license financial institutions审慎监管prudential supervision生产能力闲置unutilized capacity生息资产interest-bearing assets实际利用外资disbursement of foreign capital实际有效汇率real effective exchange rate实时real time实收资本paid-in capital实现利润realized profit市场分割market segmentation市场经济market economy市场占有率（市场份额）market share市场准入指商品和劳务的进入market access ()市价总值market capitalization适度从紧appropriately tight适时调节timely adjustment收回对金融机构贷款to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions) 税后还贷amortization (repayment of loans) after tax 税收流失tax erosion税源不足weak tax base私营经济（私人经济）the private sector私有制private ownership所有者权益owner's equity逃税（请见避税）tax evasion套汇currency swap套汇非法illegal purchase of foreign exchange剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on贴现窗口discount window付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附件Appendix附录Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县Fuxin Mongolia Autonomous Country 复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan Y ao Nationality Autonomous 改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individual worker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government at several levels各尽所能from each according to his ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Product工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority公积金public accumulation funds公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people'scourts公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Convention certificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处Notarial Accountants' Office公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketing co-operative共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The Central Committee of the Communist Young League 共识政府Government by consensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint offence共同纲领common programme共同权利 a joint right共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude居楼屋的抵契deed of property拘捕arrest拘传summon for detention拘传票summons拘留审查决定decision of detention for investigation拘留审查通知书字号Notice of Detention for Investigation No. 拘役detention拘役判刑sentence of penal servitude拘役作为处罚detention as a punishment局部性金融风波localized financial disturbance拒绝颁发持枪证refusal to issue gun owner's certificate拒绝履行refusal to perform具备必要的资格have the requisite qualification, be qualified具法团地位的公司incorporated company具体处罚行为specific punishment具体行政行为concrete act of administration具体行政行为specific administrative action具有法律约束力legally binding具有权限的主管当局competent authorities具有中国特色的with Chinese characteristics据称的父亲reputed father。
法律英语常用短句双语翻译
法律英语常用短句双语翻译1. di vine ‘ s puni shme nts , though slow , are always sure.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
2. a n act is not a crime uni ess the law says it is one.法无明文规定者不为罪。
3. this con tract is made of one orig inal and two duplicate originals ，all of which are of the same effect.本合同一式三份，具有同等效力。
4. the law does not concern itself about family trifles.法律难断家务事。
5. this docume nt is legally binding.该文件具有法律约束力。
6. this law is in abeya nee.此法暂缓执行。
7. this law has become a dead letter.此法已成为一纸空文。
8. this law will go in to effect on the day of itsipromulgati on.本法自公布之日起施行。
9 the court dismissed the acti on.法院驳回诉讼。
10. the court ordered the case to be retried.法院命令重审此案……11. gi ving the killer what he deserves.予杀人者以应得之罪。
12. hate the sin but not the sinner.可恨的是罪行而非罪人。
13. every one has the right to freedom of expressi on.每个人都享有言论自由。
14. every one is equal before the law.法律面前人人平等。
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总1. Abandon [ə'bændən]：放弃2. Abduction [æb'dʌkʃən]：绑架3. Accessory [ək'sesəri]：从犯4. Acquittal [ə'kwitl]：无罪判决5. Adjudication [ə,dʒudi'keiʃən]：裁决6. Affidavit [æfə'deivət]：宣誓书7. Agency ['eidʒənsi]：代理关系8. Appeal [ə'pi:l]：上诉9. Arbitration [ˌɑ:bɪ'treɪʃn]：仲裁10. Arrest [ə'rest]：逮捕11. Arson ['ɑ:sən]：纵火罪12. Assault [ə'sɔ:lt]：袭击13. Bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]：破产14. Bona fide [ˌbəʊnə'faɪdi]：真实的15. Bribe [braib]：贿赂16. Capital punishment ['kæpətl 'pʌniʃmənt]：死刑17. Case [keis]：案件18. Civil law ['sɪvəl lɔ]：民法19. Claim [kleim]：要求20. Class action [klæs 'ækʃən]：集体诉讼23. Confidential ['kɔnfɪ'denʃl]：机密的24. Consent [kən'sent]：同意25. Consideration [kənˌsɪdə'reɪʃən]：对价26. Constitution [ˌkɔnstɪ'tʊʃən]：宪法27. Contract ['kɔntrækt]：合同28. Contrary ['kɔntrəri]：相反的29. Conviction [kən'vikʃən]：定罪30. Corroborating [kə'rɔbəreitiŋ]：证实的31. Court ['kɔ:rt]：法院32. Crime [kraim]：犯罪33. Criminal ['krɪmɪnəl]：犯罪的34. Damages ['dæmidʒiz]：损害赔偿35. Defendant [di'fendənt]：被告36. Defense [di'fens]：辩护37. Deposition [,depə'ziʃən]：证词38. Detention [dɪ'tenʃən]：拘留39. Disbarment [dɪs'bɑ:rmənt]：取消律师资格40. Discrimination [dɪɪskrɪmə'neɪʃən]：歧视41. Docket ['dɑkɪt]：案卷42. Due process [dju: 'prəʊses]：正当程序43. Eminent domain ['emɪnənt də'mein]：征用44. Enforce [ɪn'fɔ:s]：强制执行45. Evidence ['evɪdəns]：证据46. Extradition [ˌekstrə'dɪʃən]：引渡47. Felony ['feləni]：重罪48. Forfeit ['fɔ:fit]：没收49. Fraud [frɔ:d]：欺诈50. Guilty ['ɡɪlti]：有罪的51. Habeas corpus ['heibiəs 'kɔ:pəs]：人身保护令52. Hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]：听证会53. Immunity [ɪ'mju:nəti]：豁免权54. Indemnify [ɪn'dɛmnəˌfaɪ]：赔偿55. Indictment [ɪn'daɪtmənt]：起诉56. Injunction [ɪn'dʒʌŋkʃən]：禁令57. Judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]：判决58. Jurisdiction [,dʒurɪs'dɪkʃən]：管辖权59. Jus primae noctis [dʒʌs praimiː 'nɒktis]：初夜权60. Jury ['dʒʊəri]：陪审团61. Justice ['dʒʌstɪs]：公正62. Law ['lɔ:]：法律63. Lien ['li:ən]：留置权64. Litigation [ˌlɪtɪ'ɡeɪʃən]：诉讼65. Malfeasance [mæl'fi:zns]：渎职66. Manslaughter ['mænˌslɔ:tər]：过失杀人67. Negligence ['neɡlɪdʒəns]：过失68. Oath [əʊθ]：誓言69. Objection [əb'dʒekʃən]：异议70. Offender [ə'fendər]：犯罪者71. Ordinance ['ɔ:rdinəns]：法规72. Parole [pə'roʊl]：假释73. Pardon ['pɑrdn]：赦免74. Perjury ['pɜrdʒəri]：伪证罪75. Petit jury [ˈpɛti dʒʊəri]：陪审团76. Plaintiff ['pleɪntɪf]：原告77. Plea [pli:]：答辩78. Precedent ['prisɪdənt]：先例79. Preliminary [priː'limɪneri]：初步的80. Probate ['probeit]：遗嘱认证81. Pro bono ['proʊˈboʊnoʊ]：免费的82. Prosecutor ['prɑsɪˌkjuːtər]：检察官83. Racketeering [ˌrækɪ'tiəriŋ]：敲诈勒索84. Rape [reɪp]：强奸85. Rebuttal [ri'bʌtl]：反驳86. Reasonable ['riznəbl]：合理的87. Rebuttable [rɪ'bʌtəbəl]：可辩驳的88. Sentence ['sen(t)əns]：判决89. Smuggling ['smʌɡlɪŋ]：走私90. Statute ['stæčut]：法令91. Subpoena [sə'pinə]：传票92. Summons ['sʌmənz]：传票93. Testimony ['testə'məʊnɪ]：证词94. Tort [tɔːrt]：侵权行为95. Trial ['traɪəl]：审判96. Trustee [ˌtrʌ'sti:]：受托人97. Unconstitutional [ˌʌnkɒnstɪ'tjuʃənl]：违宪的98. Verdict ['vɜrdɪkt]：裁定99. Victim ['vɪktɪm]：受害者。
法律词汇汉英互译
法律词汇汉英互译
在进行国际贸易和国际法律交流时，常常需要
进行汉英语言的互译。
找到正确的翻译，可以避
免交流中出现的误解和问题，是非常重要的事情。
本文汇总了一些常见的法律词汇，以方便您进行
汉英互译。
法律本身相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)
•attorney: 律师
•court: 法庭
•judge: 法官
•lawsuit: 诉讼
•litigation: 诉讼
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)
•律师: lawyer
•法庭: court
•法官: judge
•诉讼: lawsuit
•诉讼: litigation
合同相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)•contract: 合同
•agreement: 协议
•breach of contract: 违约•terms and conditions: 条款和条件•termination: 终止
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)•合同: contract
•协议: agreement。
2020年整理法律英语(汉—英).pdf
安排 arrangement安全标准 safety standard按每月使用小时支付租金的租赁 power by the hour leases按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按租金曲线折旧 rent curve depreciation案件 case案件受理费 litigation fee案例法 case law案例汇编case book; case report; law report案例教学法case system案由 nature of case暗示的担保 implied warranty or guarantee柏拉图 Plato颁布 issue颁布 promulgate办案 handle a case办理 deal with办理注销登记：cancel the registration半导体芯片 semiconductor chips帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals包庇罪 crime of concealing the murder包装 packaging保费 premium保护 indemnify保健服务health care services保健商融资公司 health care merchant fund incorporation保健提供者 healthcare provider保健应收款 health care receivables保留 retaining保密性 confidentiality保全 perfection保税区 bonded area保险 underwriting保险标准 underwriting standard保险单 insurance policy保险法 insurance law保险功能 insurance function保险类别 insurance coverage保险凭证 insurance certificate保险索赔insurance claims保养方针及程序 maintenance policies and procedures保证 guarantee保证 warranty保证金 bail保证金 margins保证金 security deposit保证金帐户 margin account保证人，担保人 guarantor保证书 covenant of warranty保证书 indemnity保证条款 warranty保值利率 inflation-proof interest rate报废（或挑其中有价值的贵金属出卖）scrap or salvage sale 报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups报告 report报价 quoting备案filing备件 repairs备忘功能 memory function被裁定为 be adjudged to be被陈述人 representee被代理人：the principal被担保方 secured party被动投资信托 passive investment trust被告人辨解 statement of the defendant被侵权人 the infringed被少报的 understated被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal本金 principal本人名义：in one’s name本质上的公司 per se corporations比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime避风港 safe harbor避风港租赁（对有避税功能的租赁的形容）safe-harbor leases避税 tax shields避税规定 tax shelter provision边际税率 marginal tax rate边缘法学borderline jurisprudence编纂法律方法 legal methodology变量 variables变通办法adaptation; accommodation标的subject matter标记 label标题 headings标准制订者 standard setters表决控制权 vote control表决权 vote表外融资 off balance sheet financing并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments拨款 fund appropriation拨款条例 appropriation provisions波动 fluctuation, variation波动性 volatility剥夺权利deprival of rights驳回 dismiss驳回 reject驳回上诉 reject an appeal补偿 compensate补偿报酬 compensatory payment补偿制度compensation system补充备案 additional filings补充规定supplementary provision补给活动 supporting activities补救 remedy补救办法remedial measures不(在资产负债表上)资本化 non-ownership for balance sheet不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不存在的 nonexistent不得挪用 non-appropriation不得替代条款 non-substitution clause不动产、厂场或其它设备（设备） capital goods, plants or other equipment (the equipment)不动产登记制Lot and Block System不动产抵押投资管道 REMIC （real estate mortgage investment conduit）不动产过渡性融资 interim real estate financing不动产和动产 real property and personal property不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不合格设备 non-conforming equipment不具有法律效力 null不具有法律效力 void不可撤销的 irrevocable不可撤销的租赁协议 non-cancellable lease不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不可证券化的 unsecuritizable不利的税收后果 adverse tax consequences不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不履行合同 breach of contract不履行合约 repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法 dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立 unable to establish不时frequently不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense不能回收的 unreimbursable不匹配 mismatches不确定性 uncertainty不同的产品 separate products不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不应计的状态 non-accrual status不予支持 unassisted不作为 omission不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部件 parts部门法department law部门规章regulation财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产法 property law财产分割 properties division财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产留置权 encumbrance财产税property tax财产所有权 property right财务报告(引起的)外部风险external reporting risk财务比率financial ratios财务成份financial components财务底线financial bottom line财务费用finance charges财务公司 finance companies财务及其它收入 finance and other income财务失真financial distortion财务收益分配allocation of finance income财务现实financial reality财务业绩financial performance财政赤字 public deficit裁定 order裁定 ruling裁决 judgement, resolution采用书面形式：in writing参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities参考利率reference rate参数parameter参与者participants, players参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original仓储 warehousing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 叉车forklift查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum差别待遇discrimination差别化differentiation拆除removal拆卸deinstallation产品 product产权关系 property relations产权信托titling trust产权制度 property order长期出租合同long term rental contract长期合同 long-term contract长期性的融资工具 permanent funding vehicles长期资金融通方式 permanent funding activities偿付repayment偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement常规过程ordinary course常规租赁 normal lease超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超额扣减excess deduction超额提供抵押overcollateralization超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority撤消并发回给 reversed and remanded to the original court撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销rescind撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will陈旧 obsolescence陈述 state陈述representations陈述式报告narrative report成比例的部分proportionate fraction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution承保人insurance carrier承担 assume承担责任 to be responsible for承担责任程度 accountability承典人 pawnee承典人 pledgee承诺commitment, promise承认 confess承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award承销佣金underwriting commission承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien承租人lessee承租人的意向lessee intent诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle诚信原则 principle of good faith城市住宅局 City House Bureau乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education程序关系process nexus持有人holders充分披露 full disclosure冲突 conflict冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict冲销 write-off抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act筹集资金raise fund筹资成本cost of funds筹资风险funding risk, fund risk筹资渠道funding resources出版物publications出典人 pawnor出典人 pledgor出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇 bill purchased出立票据issue notes出让人transferors出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence出资 contributions出资比例 ratio of investments出资额capital contribution出租公司 rental house, rental yard出租人lessor出租人的内部人员 lessor's internal staff出租市场 rental market初始的会计处理initial accounting初始的租期initial lease term初始抵押品original collateral初始判例法initial case law初始直接费用IDC(initial direct costs)初始租赁期限的届满expiration of the initial lease term除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause储备金reserves处罚 penalty处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment处置deposition触发器事件trigger events触犯 violate触犯法律 break the law; violate the law触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传递实体pass-through entity传统出租 traditional rental传统的租借合同 traditional contract of hire传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law传销 pyramid selling船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship串通 collaborate创新innovation纯粹的避税目的sole tax avoidance purpose纯粹法学 pure theory of law纯粹租用rent-to-rent次级的subordinated次级份额subordinated tranche次级权益subordinated interest次级债券 subordinated debt obligation次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽处理 lenient punishment, liberal punishment从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从轻处罚 impose a lenient sentence从轻处罚 lesser punishment从轻处罚 lighter punishment从轻原则 the principle of lighter punishment从权利 accessory right从事 commit从摇篮到坟墓（指自始至终全程服务）from cradle to grave 从业者practitioner从重处罚 give a severer punishment从重处罚 heavier punishment从重处罚 severe punishment从属化 subordination凑整升水make-whole premium村民委员会：the village committee存储storage存货清册inventory存款机构 deposit-taking institution存款接受者deposit taker存款支票户checking account挫折 frustration措词 worded错漏 error|mistake达到法定年龄 come of age答复 Reply打官司 initiate legal proceeding打击 struggle against打假 crack down on counterfeit goods打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products打印机 printer大厂回族自治县 Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大额项目big-ticket items大额资产large ticket asset大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大股 substantial shareholder大股东控权人 majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县 Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市 Daliang Municipality大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师 barrister大律师的收费 counsel's fees大律师登记册 roll of baristers大律师公会 Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位 pupillage大律师名册 panels of counsels大律师事务所 barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记 barrister's clerk大陪审团 grand jury大批 bulk大修heavy maintenance大宗出口租赁out-bound big-ticket leasing代理proxy代理检察员 acting prosecutor代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency代理人 agent代理融通公司factoring company代理审判员 acting judge代通知金 payment in lieu of notice代销 sales by proxy带宽 bandwidth贷款loan贷款型融资loan-type financing丹东市 Dandong Municipality丹阳市 Danyang Municipality单程客户载重汽车出租业务one-way consumer truck rental business 单独部分 separate component单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单独的、独立的受托人separate, independent trustee单独的法人separate legal person单独身份separate identity单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act单价unit price单位 entity unit单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单务合同 unilateral contract单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime单一股东sole shareholder单一险种保险人monoline insurer单一制政府unitary government担保 guarantee担保 guarantee, warranty担保请求权warranty claim担保权益security interest担保人 guarantor担保书 certificate of guarantee但书proviso弹性宪法 elastic constitution当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当地法规 local statues当地法律 local law当局authority当期及非当期负债current and non-current liabilities当然解释 natural interpretation当事人 litigant当事人起诉要求 the litigants sue for党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country党政分工 division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员 file clerk倒闭ends up到期日maturity到期应付款 payment due盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist盗窃枪支 crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备 theft of military equipment道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation道路road道真仡佬族苗族自治县 Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County得到证实 to be believed得利者 beneficiary德国破产法German Insolvency Act德拉古 Draco登记程序 registration process登记权registration rights等价有偿：making compensation for equal value等量化equalizing低成本项目small cost items抵触 contravene抵销 setoff抵销请求权offsetting claims抵押 mortgage抵押贷款安排mortgage loan placement抵押品 pledge抵押水平level of collateral抵押物 mortgage抵押物collateral抵押物的指定接受constructive acceptance of collateral抵押物跟踪制度 collateral tracking system抵押物价值collateral value抵御通涨 hedge against inflation地方各级人民代表大会 local people’s congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels地方贸易税 municipal trade tax地方人民检察院 Local People's Procuratorate地方税 local tax地理上的距离 geographic distance地面及卫星无线系统terrestrial and satellite wireless system地区通过税transit district tax地役权 easement递延的贷款费deferred loan fees递延所得税后净额 net of deferred taxes第二读second reading第二审判庭 second tribunal第三读 third reading第三方后勤 third-party logistics第三者 the third party第一审判庭 first tribunal缔约成本contracting cost缔约国 contracting states典当物 pledge电缆cable电信telecommunications电信密度（指每百个居民拥有的通信线路数）teledensity电子邮件 electronic mail调查 investigation调查报告 investigation调查取证 investigate and collect evidence调节流动性 influence liquidity level调解 mediate调解和强制措施 mediation and enforcement measure调解书 mediation agreement调解书字号 Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立 formation定案结论 verdict定案理由 reason for decision定付 (证券) pay-through note定价风险pricing risk定价上的左右为难pricing quandary定金 deposit定金down payment定金担保利益purchase money security interest定期的规定的租金regular periodic payment定期减免所得税 regular reduction of income tax定性 determination on the nature定义definition定义上的暧昧不明definitional maze定值valuing丢弃 waive东北人民政府 Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县 Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会 board of directors动产抵押chattel mortgage动产税personal property tax动产文据chattel paper动产租赁personal property leasing动产租赁协议 lease for movables动机 intention, motive冻干健康人血浆 frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆 frozen dry blood plasma冻结 freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县 Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪 narcotic drug crime渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty渎职罪 crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为 independent wrong独立董事independent director独立个案 individual cases独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit独立请求书 independent claim独立审判 independent adjudication短期出租车队rental fleets断绝 cease对等原则 principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例 the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解 verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对价consideration对金钱借贷的规定 regulations of money lending对抗措施counter measure对滥用职权的法律补救 legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方 opposite party对令状的发出作确认 acknowledge the issue of the writ对人权right in personam; personal right对上诉抗辩 oppose an appeal对世权 real right; right in rem对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释 verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处 Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所 foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会 Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状 writ in rem对象不能犯 object impossibility对帐 reconcile, reconciliation趸卖whole sale"捅破公司的面纱" piercing the corporate veil（美国铁路上采用的）轨道使用租赁utilization leases（保险中的）险别coverage（财务）比率改善ratio enhancement（财务报表上的）残值结存价值 residual's carrying value（财务报告导致的）管理层报告的风险 managerial reporting risk（承租人的）留购率retention rate(承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价格arbitrary and artificially high（持有）特许权（的）期间 concession period（从别国）收回（租赁物的）风险 repatriation(带有)废止条款(的)结构defeasance structures（德国）环境责任法 Environmental Liability Act（德国）联邦税务法庭 Federal Tax Court（德国）民法典 Civil Code（德国）生产责任法Act on Product Liability（德国）消费者信用法Consumer Credit Act（电、气、热的）能源传输 power transmission（电脑的）外部设备peripheral（电脑租赁的）救灾服务disaster recovery services(对)承认(的)要求acknowledgement requirement(对)当事方(的)认定party identification（对）返还（的）规定 return provisions(对)会计准则(的)巧妙运用manipulation of accounting principle s(对)减税(的)兴趣tax appetite(对)数据管理(的)重要能力 significant date management capability(对)所有权(的)满足感 pride of ownership(对)特定对象直接销售 private placement(对)占有的延伸提留extended retention of possession(对)租赁(的)管制leasing regulation(对)租赁应收款(的)无追索出售non-recourse sale of lease receivable(对抗辩的)有效放弃effective waiver of defenses（对设备的）合同维修contract maintenance(法院裁决前)先收回财产prejudgment property recovery（房地产）产业estate（飞机拆下发电机的）大修shop visit（飞机的）国际登记计划要求international registration requirement plan（飞机的）机身airframe（飞机的）起落架landing gear（飞机的）适航指令airworthiness directives（飞机发动机的）维修间隔期 maintenance interval（飞机返还时的维修状况同交付时）一模一样原则mirror-in/mirror-out principle（飞机上）限制其使用小时的部件life-limited parts（飞机租赁中承租人承担的）保养准备金maintain reserves（该公司）自有的专长in-house expertise（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate（固定利率中期融资）可得到程度availability of fixed rate medium-term financing （合同到期后的）继续有效程度survivability（合同文本）起草 draftsmanship（合同中的）用语language（衡量用的）标准 criterion（机械设备的）腐蚀decay（将目标市场定位于某类规模客户的）极化polarization(经)备案(的)投资人 accredited investors（经营租赁合同中的）让步条件quid pro quo（经营租赁中）未摊销的余值unamortized residual value(经营租赁中的)信贷导向型出租人 credit-oriented lessor(经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人 asset-oriented lessor（看问题的）观点、角度 perspective(可)填补空缺(的)市场niche market(来自)制造商(的)补贴manufacturer subsidy（卖主的对谁都一样的）统一销售计划 one-off program（卖主同出租人的）联手销售计划 private-label program（美国）财务会计标准委员会第13号说明：租赁FASB(Federal Accounting Standards Board) 13（美国）雇员退休收入及担保法 ERISA（ Employee Retirement Income and Security Act）（美国）国内税收法IRC（Internal Revenue Code）(美国)国内税务局IRS(Internal Revenue Service)（美国）进出口银行EXIM bank（美国）可替代最低税AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax)(美国)联邦航空署FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)(美国)全国性的独立全面服务租赁出租公司national independent full-service leasing rental firms（美国）统一商法典 UCC(Uniform Commercial Code)(美国)统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款UCC Article 2A（美国）统一州法律委员 NCCUSL（The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws）（美国）载重汽车出租及租赁协会TRALA（美国）证券交易委员会SEC（Security and Exchange Commission）（美国的）加速成本回收的折旧MACRS depreciation(美国税法中的)税收所有权tax ownership（美国特有的为享受税收待遇而在美国企业同外国企业之间订立的）租入租出（租赁协议）lease-in/lease-out（欧洲大陆各国的）大陆法系国家civil law country（期满但租赁物未退还时的）逐月收取的租金 month-to-month rentals(期末若)不留购或不续租(时的)罚金 nenrenewal penalties(期限)届满(时)at the expiry(其意向是一种)担保(的)租赁 lease intended as security（契约性文件的）附件appendix, Exhibit（区别融资租赁和经营租赁的）四项标准four criteria（融资租赁）特有的三边关系 distinctive triangular relationship（设备的）附件additions（设备的）使用小时hours of use(涉及)多个司法管辖区(的)multiple jurisdiction(涉及租赁的)审慎性标准 prudential norms relevant to leasing（手工的或电脑的）租赁业务管理系统leasing systems(所) 规划的业绩projected performance(所承担的)资产残值风险exposure to residual asset value（所披露信息严重扭曲时的）内部参考internal preference（铁路）机车 locomotive(通过)附注披露footnote disclosure(投资)组合 portfolio(为)提前结束（租赁协议而作的）支付 lease termination payment(物理性能的)退化physical deterioration（信息传递中的）可连通性connectivility（一个新产品从构思到实际推入市场所用的时间）上市时间 time to market(依靠电脑的层析)X射线摄影机 CAT(computer-added tomograph)(因财务失真所导致的)财务报告风险 financial reporting risk（银行的）锁箱和自动转存安排lock box collection and sweep arrangement（英美等）海洋法系国家common law country(用附加税)填补（福利开支）clawback（由原制造商作出的）重新认证 recertification（再处置中的）部件出售 parts sale(在多数的大陆法系国家或地区内的)公共有限公司public limited companies(在有着不同法规情况下的)协调harmonization（支撑租赁交易的）四大支柱the four pillars（只处置某类设备的）专业性再处置公司exclusive remarketing firms(指商品和劳务的进入)市价总值 market capitalization（专属公司的）销售协助型租赁 sales-aid leasing（资产证券化中的）服务者servicer(租金)递减(的)租赁方式 step-down lease structure(租金)递增(的)租赁方式 step-up lease structure（租赁物由）承租人承建或承造的租赁协议build-to-suit leases（租赁一方为美国法人而另一方不是美国法人时的）双重所有权租赁协议double-dip tax leases(作为)发起人(的)出租人originating lessor"“不易破产”的专设实体 special purpose ""bankruptcy remote"" entity"“猫”（调制解调器）modem《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)《德国民法典》German Civil code《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis《日耳曼法》Germanic law《十二表法》 Twelve Tables《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China。
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法律英语汉译英（专业词汇部分）Unit One第一课美国联邦下的法律1.成文法statutory law★2.普通法common law3.判例法case law4.立法机构legislature5.法院court6.宪法Constitution7.立法权law-making power8.私法private law9.合同法contract law10.侵权法tort law11.商法business law12.公司法corporate governance law13.专利和版权patent and copyright14.合同/契约争议contractual disputes15.刑事案件criminal case16.民事案件civil case17.民事侵权诉讼civil tort actions18.家庭法family law19.法律选择choice of law20.多个司法管辖区multi-jurisdiction21.诉讼litigation/lawsui t/suit/action★22.实体权substantive right23.准据法/适用法applicable/governing/proper law★24.签订conclude25.证券欺诈案件 a case include claims of securities fraud26.履行perform27.履行地performance28.受理/处理案件to hear the case★29.原告plaintiff★30.被告defendant★31.与合同最密切联系most involved with the contract32.选择法庭choice of forum第二课双重法院体系1.司法的judicial2.初审法庭trial court3.终审法院court of last resort★4.上诉法院court of appeals5.上诉，申诉appeal…to6.证人witness7.证据evidence8.陪审团jury9.查明事实的人，事实发现者fact-finder10.上诉的，有权受理上诉的appellate11.遗嘱probate12.小额诉讼法院small claims court13.律师attorney14.程序procedure15.提出（申请）file★16.申请小额索赔file claims for small sums of money17.定罪conviction★18.仲裁人，公断人，裁决人arbiter19.最高法院the Supreme Court20.先例procedureUnit Two第一课抗辩制1.上诉人appellant2.被上诉人appellee3.诉由,案由cause of action★4.向某人提起诉讼，到法院告某人to bring an action/lawsuit against sb.5.第三那人被告third-party defendant6.庭审程序trial procedure★7.英美法系国家的司法程序Anglo-American judicial procedure8.认定事实find the fact9.证据submission10.抗辩制adversary system11.提起诉讼begin suit12.界定争议shape the issues13.出示证据produce evidence14.争议当事人parties to the controversy15.纠问的inquisitorial16.庭前调查pre-trial investigation17.大陆法传统civil law tradition18.庭辩风格style of presentation and argument19.有利害关系的当事人interested parties第二课开启一个诉讼1.起诉sue2.诉讼当事人litigant3.司法救济，救济；减轻，缓解relief4.提供法律救助to furnish a relief5.纠正，补偿redress6.诉诸法院bring to court★7.和解settlement★8.仲裁arbitration9.自力救济self-help10.搁置纠纷let matters rest11.损害赔偿damages★12.实际履行specific performance13.对事管辖权jurisdiction over the subject matter14.对人管辖权jurisdiction over the parties15.管辖权jurisdiction16.违约之诉damages for breach of contract17.法庭forum18.最低限度联系minimum contacts19.实体公正substantial justice20.审判地venue21.规定（援引法条）provide/read第三课诉状和对抗诉状的动议1.诉状pleading2.起诉状complaint3.向法院提交诉讼状或答辩状/办理立案to file a pleading/lawsuit with the court4.陈述，阐明to set forth5.书记员clerk6.传票summons7.出具传票to issue a summons8.向某人送达传票、起诉书、法律文书to serve a summons, complaint, legal document on sb.9.通知notify10.同意出庭an entry of appearance11.指控，声称allegation12.成为争议问题put in issue13.积极抗辩affirmative defense14.反诉counterclaim15.(用辩解)减轻extenuate16.未到庭，未履行义务to be in default17.驳回dismiss18.传票送达service of process/service of summons19.法律上的充分性legal sufficiency20. 提出异议，反对challenge第四课调查取证1.庭前取证，调查pre-trial discovery2.录取证词，宣誓证明depose3.证词笔录,书证deposition4.宣誓under oath5.书面质询written interrogatories6.人身伤害案件personal injury case7.保持中立take no part8.意外因素surprise element9.争议controversy10.律师counsel11.庭前会议pretrial conference12.即决判决，简易判决summary judgment13.书证，书面陈述affidavit14.提出请求即决判决的动议make a motion for summary judgment15.（证据）允许提出的，可采纳的admissible16.扰乱对方harassment of an opponent17.要求对争议进行庭审的申请notice of trial/issue第五课庭审1.主张…..权利assert the right to2.将……列入陪审员名单impanel3.组成陪审团to impanel the jury4.绝对异议权peremptory challenge★5.候选陪审员prospective juror6.以明确的理由对陪审员候选人提出异议to challenge a prospective juror for cause7.发誓swear8.开案陈词make opening statements9.询问证人examine the witness10.出示文书produce the document11.证据，物证exhibit12.直接质证direct examination13.交叉质证cross examination14.不允许出示的证据inadmissible evidence15.举证完毕rest16.指令裁定（法官指令陪审团作出的裁定）directed verdict17.否决，驳回overrule18.（法官）对陪审团的指导jury instruction/jury charge/charge to the jury19.结案辩论final argument20.判决某人胜诉to enter a judgment for sb.21.判决某人败诉to enter a judgment against sb.22.举证责任burden of proof23.有分量的证据，占优势的证据preponderance of the evidence24.退庭retire25.（陪审团）未能达到足够多数人赞同的，未能做出决定的hung26.法官推翻陪审团才定的判决judgment notwithstanding the verdict(judgment n.o.v)27.达成裁定reach verdict第六课上诉和执行1.执行enforcement2.复审review3.中级法院intermediate court4.初审法院trial court5.下级法院lower court6.斟酌，自由裁量discretion7.由……斟酌决定，由…..自由裁量at the discretion of8.推翻原判，逆转reverse9.维持原判，确认，确信affirm10.认定事实determination in question11.上诉担保书appeal bond12.抄本，复本，文字记录transcript13.命令decree14.(不服下级法官判决)进行上诉to appeal from (a decision of a lower court)15.口头辩论oral argument16.判决（意见）书opinion17.败诉方losing party18.债权人creditor19.重新审理rehear20.执行令writ of execution21.行政司法长官，县治安官sheriff22.发回重审remand23.动产personal property24.判决债务人judgment debtor25.收益proceeds26.不动产real estate/real property27.未清偿判决债务由司法行政官主持的拍卖judicial sale28.留置权，扣留权lien29.对…..有司法留置权to have a judicial lien on30.留置，扣押（动词）garnish31.留置，扣押（名词）garnishment32.扣押（动词）attach33.扣押（名词）attachment。