网络安全外文翻译文献
高一必修二作文网络安全英文
高一必修二作文网络安全英文（中英文版）Title: The Importance of Cybersecurity: A Composition for High School Students in Compulsory Course IIIn the digital age, cybersecurity has become an increasingly significant concern that cannot be overlooked.With the prevalent use of the internet, the vulnerability of our personal information has never been more pronounced.It is imperative for high school students, as digital natives, to comprehend the gravity of this issue and take necessary precautions.在数字化时代，网络安全已经成为一个日益重要、不容忽视的问题。
随着互联网的广泛应用，我们的个人信息暴露在极大的风险之中。
作为数字时代原住民的高中生，必须深刻理解这一问题的严重性，并采取必要的预防措施。
The array of risks lurking online ranges from identity theft to data breaches, from phishing scams to malicious software.The convenience of technology comes with a price, and that is the potential exposure to these cyber threats.Therefore, it is crucial to cultivate good cybersecurity habits to safeguard our digital lives.网络中潜藏的风险多种多样，从身份盗窃到数据泄露，从网络钓鱼诈骗到恶意软件。
网络安全范文英语
网络安全范文英语English:In today's digital age, cybersecurity has become a critical concern for individuals, organizations, and even nations. The increasing reliance on technology and connectivity has opened up numerous vulnerabilities and potential threats that can compromise sensitive data and disrupt operations. Cyberattacks have become more sophisticated, with hackers constantly finding new methods to exploit weaknesses. As a result, ensuring network security has become a top priority.To effectively address network security challenges, organizations must implement robust cybersecurity measures. This includes regular security audits and risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in their systems. They should also establish and enforce strong passwords and access controls, ensuring that only authorized personnel can access sensitive information. Additionally, organizations need to invest in robust firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems to detect and prevent unauthorized access attempts.User education and awareness also play a crucial role in maintaining network security. Employees should be trained on best practices for using technology and recognizing potential security threats, such as phishing emails or suspicious websites. Regular training sessions and awareness campaigns can help employees stay up-to-date with the latest cybersecurity trends and techniques. Moreover, organizations should regularly update their systems and software to patch any vulnerabilities and protect against emerging threats.Collaboration and information sharing are vital in addressing network security issues. Organizations should actively cooperate with industry partners, government agencies, and law enforcement to share threat intelligence and best practices. This interchange of information enables a proactive and coordinated response to emerging cyber threats. Moreover, international cooperation is essential as cybercrime knows no borders, and cross-border collaboration is crucial in combating cyber threats that have global reach.In conclusion, network security is of utmost importance in today's interconnected world. Organizations must invest in robust cybersecurity measures, educate their employees, and actively collaborate with partners and agencies to effectively address cybersecurity challenges. By doing so, we can ensure the protectionof our valuable data and maintain the integrity and availability of our networks.中文翻译：在当今数字化时代，网络安全已成为个人、组织乃至国家的重大关切。
网络安全管理制度英文文献
Abstract: With the rapid development of information technology, the importance of network security has been increasingly recognized. In this paper, we discuss the establishment and implementation of a network security management system, aiming to enhance the security level of network systems and protect the interests of users. This paper is divided into four sections: the importance of network security, the components of a network security management system, the establishment process, and the implementation strategies.I. IntroductionNetwork security refers to the measures taken to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of network resources and data. In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology, network security has become a hot issue in the field of information security. The establishment and implementation of a network security management system is essential for organizations to ensure the safety and stability of their network systems.II. Importance of Network Security1. Protection of information: Network security can prevent the unauthorized access, modification, and deletion of information, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data.2. Protection of network resources: Network security can prevent network resources from being occupied, attacked, or destroyed by malicious software, viruses, and hackers, ensuring the normal operation of network systems.3. Protection of users: Network security can prevent users from being affected by malicious software, viruses, and hacker attacks, ensuring the normal use of network services.III. Components of a Network Security Management System1. Security policies: Establish and implement network security policies, including user access control, information classification, and data backup and recovery.2. Security technology: Utilize various security technologies, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption algorithms, to protect network resources and data.3. Security management: Establish a network security management organization, define security roles and responsibilities, and implement security training and awareness programs.4. Security monitoring: Set up a network security monitoring system to detect and respond to security incidents in real-time.IV. Establishment Process1. Needs analysis: Identify the network security requirements of the organization, including the protection of information, network resources, and users.2. Policy formulation: Develop network security policies based on the needs analysis, including user access control, informationclassification, and data backup and recovery.3. Technical selection: Choose appropriate security technologies and products to meet the security requirements of the organization.4. Organization establishment: Establish a network security management organization, define security roles and responsibilities, and implement security training and awareness programs.5. Implementation and testing: Implement the network security management system and conduct testing to ensure its effectiveness.V. Implementation Strategies1. Regularly update and optimize security policies and technologies to adapt to the changing security environment.2. Strengthen security monitoring and incident response capabilities, ensuring timely detection and handling of security incidents.3. Conduct regular security training and awareness programs for employees, enhancing their network security awareness and skills.4. Establish a cross-departmental security cooperation mechanism, ensuring effective communication and collaboration in network security management.ConclusionThe establishment and implementation of a network security management system is of great significance for organizations. By following the establishment process and implementing the corresponding strategies, organizations can effectively enhance the security level of their network systems and protect the interests of users.。
网络安全 参考文献
网络安全参考文献网络安全是指保护计算机系统和网络资源免受未经授权的使用、破坏、更改或泄露的威胁。
随着互联网的普及和计算机技术的发展，网络安全问题变得越来越重要。
以下是一些关于网络安全的参考文献，供参考：1. "Information Security: Principles and Practice" by Mark Stamp 《信息安全原理与实践》马克·斯坦普著这本书是一本经典的网络安全教材，系统介绍了信息安全的基本理论和实践知识，并提供了实际案例和应用。
它涵盖了各种网络安全问题，包括密码学、网络攻击、入侵检测、安全策略和安全管理等。
2. "Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World"by Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman, and Mike Speciner《网络安全：公共环境中的私密通信》查理·考夫曼、拉迪亚·佩尔曼、迈克尔·斯佩西纳著这本书介绍了网络安全的基本概念和技术，并深入讨论了一些具体的安全机制和协议。
它还提供了一些实用的建议和解决方案，以帮助读者更好地保护网络和数据安全。
3. "Hacking: The Art of Exploitation" by Jon Erickson《黑客入门经典》乔恩·埃里克森著这本书介绍了黑客行为的基本原理和技术，它并不是鼓励读者进行非法活动，而是帮助读者了解黑客攻击的方式和方法，以便更好地保护自己的网络安全。
它提供了大量的实际演示和实例，以帮助读者更深入地理解网络安全问题。
4. "Web Application Hacker's Handbook" by Dafyyd Stuttard and Marcus Pinto《Web应用程序黑客手册》戴维德·斯图塔德、马库斯·平托著这本书是一本关于Web应用程序安全的实用指南，介绍了常见的Web应用程序漏洞和攻击技术，并提供了相关的解决方案和防御策略。
外文文献-计算机网络安全和防范
附录一翻译Computer network security and to guard againstAbstract: When mankind entered the 21st century information society, the network society of the time, China will establish a complete set of network security system, especially from the policy and law to establish China's own characteristics, network security system.Key words: computer; network; security; preventIn the information age, information can help groups or individuals so that they benefit from, the same information can also be used to pose a threat to them, caused damage. Therefore network security, including the composition of network hardware, software and network transmission of information security, so that they do not because of accidental or malicious destruction of the attacks, network security not only the technical aspects, but also management issues, both complement each other, are indispensable.First, the concept of computer network securityInternational Organization for Standardization of "computer security" is defined as: "To establish a data processing system and the adoption of technology and management of security protection, the protection of computer hardware, software, data is not due to accidental and malicious destruction of reasons, change and leakage." The above definition of computer security includes physical security and logical security of both the contents of the contents of the logic of security could be understood as we often say that the information security, information refers to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of protection, and network security Information security is the meaning of the extension, that network security is a network of information confidentiality, integrity and availability protection. Computer network security as the specific meaning of the user changes, the user isdifferent on the network security awareness and requirements will be different. From the ordinary user's point of view, could only hope that personal privacy or confidential information transmission on the network be protected against eavesdropping, tampering and forgery; and network provider in addition to care about these network information security, we must also consider how to deal with sudden natural disasters, such as military strikes against the destruction of network hardware, as well as unusual in the network how to restore network communications, and maintain the continuity of network communications.In essence, the network security, including the composition of network hardware, software and network transmission of information security, so that they do not because of accidental or malicious attacks on the destruction of both the technical aspects of network security issues, there are management issues, the two sides complement each other, are indispensable. Man-made network intrusion and attacks makes network security is facing new challenges.Second, computer network security status quoComputer network security is the network hardware, software and data systems are protected from accidental or malicious destruction of reasons, alteration, disclosure, the system continuous, reliable, normal operation of network services without disruption. Computer and network technology has the complexity and diversity, makes computer and network security has become a need to continue to update and improve the area. At present, hackers method has been more than the type of computer virus, and many attacks are fatal. In the Internet network, because the Internet does not have the time and geographical constraints, whenever there is a means to generate new attacks, we can in a week around the world, these attacks means the use of network and system vulnerabilities to attack computer systems and resulting in network paralysis. Worms, backdoor (Back-doors), Rootkits, DOS (DenialofServices) and Sniffer (network monitor) is a familiar means of several hacker attacks. However, none of these attacks means they reflect the astonishing power of today become worse. These types of attacks means the new variant, with previousattacks appeared methods, more intelligent, targeted against Internet-based protocols and operating system level. From the Web process control procedures to the kernel-level Rootlets. Hackers practices escalating renovation, to the user's ability to guard against information security challenge.Third, computer network security precautions1, to strengthen the internal network management and the use of safety awareness among staff, many computer systems commonly used passwords to control access to system resources, which is anti-virus process, the most vulnerable and the most economical methods. Network administrator and terminal operator privileges in accordance with their responsibilities, choose a different password for the application data legitimate operation, to prevent unauthorized users to access the data and the use of network resources.On the network, software installation and management is crucial, it is not only related to network maintenance and management efficiency and quality, but also to the network security. A good antivirus software can be easily installed within minutes to the organization each NT server can also be downloaded and spread to all the purpose of the machine by the network administrator set up and manage to focus, it will work with the operating system and other security is closely linked to become a part of network security management, and automatically provide the best network virus defensive measures. When the computer virus on-line resources applications attack, such as the virus exists in the information-sharing network of media, it is necessary to the security at the gateway, on the network front-end for antivirus.2, network firewall technologyIs a kind of used to strengthen the network access control to prevent the external network users to illegal means to enter the external network through the internal network, access internal network resources and protect the internal network operating environment special for Network Interconnection Devices. It is between two or more networks such as packet transmission link in accordance with a certain degree of security strategy to implement the inspection, to determine whether thenetwork communication between are allowed to, and monitor the network running. Although the firewall is to protect the network from an effective means of hacking, but there are obviously inadequate: through the firewall can not protect against outside attack other means, can not prevent defectors from the inside and inadvertent threats posed by users, but also can not completely prevent the transmission of the virus have been infected with the software or documents, and can not protect against data-driven attacks.3, security encryption technologyEncryption technology for the global e-commerce to provide a guarantee, so that Internet-based electronic trading system has become possible, thus improving the symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption technology is still the mainstream of the 21st century. Symmetric encryption to the conventional password-based technology, computing encryption and decryption operations use the same key. Asymmetric encryption, encryption key that is different from the decryption key, encryption keys are made public, anyone can use, only the decryption key to decrypt people know.4, the network host operating system security and physical security measures Network firewall as the first line of defense and can not fully protect the internal network, must be combined with other measures to improve the safety of the system level. After the firewall is based on the network host operating system security and physical security measures. In accordance with the level from low to high, namely, the physical security of the host system, the core operating system security, system security, application services security and file system security; At the same time, host security checks and bug fixes, as well as a backup safety system as a supplementary safety measures. These constitute the entire network system, the second line of defense, the main part of a breakthrough to prevent the firewall as well as attacks from within. System backup is the last line of defense network system, used to attack after the System Restore. The firewall and host security measures is the overall system security by auditing, intrusion detection and response processor constitute the overall safety inspection and response measures. It from the networksystem firewall, network host or even directly from the network link layer on the extraction of network status information, as input to the intrusion detection subsystem. Intrusion Detection System in accordance with certain rules to determine whether there is any invasion of the incident, if the invasion occurred, the emergency treatment measures, and generate a warning message. Moreover, the system's security audit also can be used as the future consequences of aggressive behavior and to deal with security policy on the system to improve sources of information.In short, network security is a comprehensive issue, involving technology, management, use and many other aspects, including both its own information system security issues, there are physical and logical technical measures, a kind of technology can only solve the problem on the one hand, rather than a panacea. To this end the establishment of a network with Chinese characteristics, security system, the need for national policies and regulations to support and joint research and development group. Security and anti-security like two sides of contradictions, always pick-up, so the security industry is a future with the development of new technologies and the continuous development of industry.计算机网络安全和防范摘要：当人类跨入21世纪的信息社会，网络社会的时候，我国将建立一套完整的网络安全系统，特别是从政策和法律，建立我国自己的特点，网络安全系统。
[英语作文]Cybersecurity网络安全
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[英语作文]Cybersecurity网络安全Title: Navigating the Digital Frontier: The Imperative of CybersecurityIn an era where the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, cybersecurity has emerged as a paramount concern. As we increasingly rely on technology for communication, business operations, and data storage, the vulnerabilities and risks associated with cyber threats have also grown exponentially. Cybersecurity refers to the measures and practices designed to protect computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, and networks from malicious attacks, data breaches, and other forms of unauthorized access or damage.The importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. The consequences of security breaches can be catastrophic, ranging from financial loss and identity theft to national security threats and disruptions in critical infrastructure. In the digital age, information is power, and protecting that information is crucial to maintaining individual privacy, corporate competitiveness, and societal stability.There are various types of cyber threats that individuals and organizations must guard against. These include:1. Malware: Software designed to harm or secretly gain access to a computer system, such as viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware.2. Phishing: A social engineering tactic used to trick people into revealing sensitive information, often through fraudulent emails or websites.3. Hacking: Unauthorized access to a computer system with the intent to steal, modify, or destroy data.4. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Overwhelming a system with traffic or requests to make it unavailable to users.5. Ransomware: A type of malware that holds a system's data hostage untila ransom is paid.6. SQL Injection: Attacking vulnerable databases to manipulate or steal data.7. Insider Threats: Compromises originating from within an organization by disgruntled employees or those with ill intent.To combat these threats, it is essential to implement a multi-layered approach to cybersecurity that includes the following strategies:1. Continuous Education and Awareness: Educating users about potential threats and how to identify and respond to them is fundamental in preventing security breaches.2. Strong Authentication: Implementing robust password protocols and multi-factor authentication to verify user identities.3. Regular Software Updates and Patches: Keeping software up-to-date helps to close security gaps exploited by hackers.4. Data Encryption: Encrypting sensitive data to protect it from being read or intercepted by unauthorized parties.5. Firewalls and Antivirus Software: Using firewalls and antivirus software to prevent, detect, and remove malware.6. Network Security: Securing networks with advanced technologies like intrusion detection and prevention systems.7. Incident Response Planning: Having a plan in place to manage and mitigate the impact of a security incident when it occurs.8. Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to relevant laws and standards that govern data protection and privacy.9. Cloud Security: Ensuring that cloud-based services and storage are secure and comply with established security frameworks.10. Risk Assessment and Management: Regularly assessing potential risks and implementing measures to manage and reduce them.Cybersecurity is not a one-time fix; it requires ongoing vigilance and adaptation to the ever-evolving threat landscape. As technology advances, so do the methods of cybercriminals. Therefore, staying informed about the latest trends in cyber threats and updates in cybersecurity measures is crucial for both individuals and organizations alike.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and critical issue that affects every aspect of modern life. It demands a proactive and comprehensive approach to ensure the safety of our digital assets. By prioritizing cybersecurity, wecan better protect our personal information, safeguard our businesses, and maintain the integrity of our society's digital infrastructure. Let us commit to fostering a culture of cyber awareness and resilience to navigate the challenges of the digital frontier securely and confidently.。
网络安全参考文献
网络安全参考文献1. [1] Gursimran Kaur, Sukhjit Singh. (2020). "An Improved Network Security using Firewalls and IDS/IPS". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).2. [2] Lubaina Rashid S. M., K. Murali, A. Sreekanth, V. Sowmya Vani. (2019). "Enhancing Network Security using Machine Learning Algorithms". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE).3. [3] Yin Yang, Muyi Li, Wenjie Wang, Heng Zhang. (2020). "Security testing of web applications based on artificial intelligence". International Journal of Advanced Computer Research (IJACR).4. [4] S. Ramapriya, S. Uma Maheswari, J. Premkumar. (2019). "An Improved Defense Mechanism for Network Security". International Journal of Engineering & Technology (IJEAT).5. [5] V. Lalithasree, K. Subashini, V. N. Nagaveni. (2019). "A Survey on Network Security Techniques and Cryptography". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT).6. [6] Hualiang Zhang, Yanan Sun, Chunqing Wu, Xiaodong Lin, Chenglin Zhao. (2021). "Research on Network Security Situation Awareness Technology Based on Machine Learning". Wireless Personal Communications.7. [7] W. Zhang, Z. Feng, L. Lv, H. Li. (2019). "An ImprovedNetwork Security Intrusion Detection Method Based on Sequence Mining". Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI).8. [8] Zuyuan Fang, Tingting Zhang, Dingyi Fang, Weiwei Yu, Zhibo Wu. (2021). "A Secure Network Coding Key Distribution Scheme Based on Fully Homomorphic Encryption". Journal of Communications and Networks.Please note that the numbering in brackets is added for reference purposes only.。
网络安全外文翻译文献
网络安全外文翻译文献Title: Internet Security: A Review of Current and Future ChallengesThe internet has become an integral part of modern life, connecting people across the globe, enabling commerce, and driving innovation. However, with the increasing interconnectedness of our digital world comes a growing need for internet security. This article provides a review of current internet security challenges and explores the emerging threats and trends we can expect to see in the future.1、Current ChallengesThe primary challenge with internet security lies in the ever-changing nature of cyber threats. Hackers, nation-states, and cybercriminals are constantly developing new tools and techniques to bypass security measures and steal sensitive information. Ransomware, phishing, and identity theft are just a few examples of the common threats we see today.Another major challenge is the lack of cybersecurity personnel. According to the 2022 Global Information Security Survey, 53% of organizations reported a shortage of cybersecurity staff.This shortage makes it difficult to stay ahead of the constantly evolving threat landscape.2、Future Threats and TrendsAs technology advances, we can expect to see an increase in the complexity and severity of cyber threats. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) will play a larger role in both offensive and defensive cyber operations.AI-powered autonomous hacking machines capable of launching sophisticated attacks or identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities are just one example of the emerging threats we may face.The internet of things (IoT) will also present new challenges. As our physical devices become increasingly connected to the internet, they become potential targets for cybercriminals. IoT devices are often viewed as low-hanging fruit, as many of them have poor security protocols, making them easy prey for hackers.3、Solutions and RecommendationsTo stay ahead of internet security threats, organizations must prioritize investing in cybersecurity personnel andtechnologies. Regular software updates, strong password policies, and robust network firewalls are essential building blocks of any cybersecurity strategy.Organizations should also prioritize implementing AI andML-based security solutions. These technologies can help identify and prevent emerging threats by analyzing vast amounts of data and detecting patterns typical of malicious activity. Furthermore, IoT device manufacturers must prioritize building security into their products from the outset. This includes implementing strong encryption methods, updating software regularly, and providing customers with easy-to-use security features.In conclusion, the internet remns a crucial element of modern life, but with the ever-growing complexity and severity of cyber threats, internet security must be a top priority. By investing in cybersecurity personnel and technologies, implementing and ML-based security solutions, and prioritizing IoT device security, organizations can better protect themselves agnst the ever-changing threat landscape.。
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网络安全外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)翻译：计算机网络安全与防范1.1引言计算机技术的飞速发展提供了一定的技术保障，这意味着计算机应用已经渗透到社会的各个领域。
在同一时间，巨大的进步和网络技术的普及，社会带来了巨大的经济利润。
然而，在破坏和攻击计算机信息系统的方法已经改变了很多的网络环境下，网络安全问题逐渐成为计算机安全的主流。
1.2网络安全1.2.1计算机网络安全的概念和特点计算机网络的安全性被认为是一个综合性的课题，由不同的人，包括计算机科学、网络技术、通讯技术、信息安全技术、应用数学、信息理论组成。
作为一个系统性的概念，网络的安全性由物理安全、软件安全、信息安全和流通安全组成。
从本质上讲，网络安全是指互联网信息安全。
一般来说，安全性、集成性、可用性、可控性是关系到网络信息的相关理论和技术，属于计算机网络安全的研究领域。
相反，狭隘“网络信息安全”是指网络安全，这是指保护信息秘密和集成，使用窃听、伪装、欺骗和篡夺系统的安全性漏洞等手段，避免非法活动的相关信息的安全性。
总之，我们可以保护用户利益和验证用户的隐私。
计算机网络安全有保密性、完整性、真实性、可靠性、可用性、非抵赖性和可控性的特点。
隐私是指网络信息不会被泄露给非授权用户、实体或程序，但是授权的用户除外，例如，电子邮件仅仅是由收件人打开，其他任何人都不允许私自这样做。
隐私通过网络信息传输时，需要得到安全保证。
积极的解决方案可能会加密管理信息。
虽然可以拦截，但它只是没有任何重要意义的乱码。
完整性是指网络信息可以保持不被修改、破坏，并在存储和传输过程中丢失。
诚信保证网络的真实性，这意味着如果信息是由第三方或未经授权的人检查，内容仍然是真实的和没有被改变的。
因此保持完整性是信息安全的基本要求。
可靠性信息的真实性主要是确认信息所有者和发件人的身份。
可靠性表明该系统能够在规定的时间和条件下完成相关的功能。
这是所有的网络信息系统的建立和运作的基本目标。
可用性表明网络信息可被授权实体访问，并根据自己的需求使用。
不可抵赖性要求所有参加者不能否认或推翻成品的操作和在信息传输过程中的承诺。
处理不可抵赖性的措施之一是使用数字签名技术。
可控性指示控制网络信息传输和内容的能力上。
例如，禁止违法和不良信息通过公共网络传输。
1.3计算机网络所面临的威胁计算机网络所面临的各种威胁有：恶意攻击，泄漏软件，计算机病毒和自然灾害。
1.3.1恶意攻击恶意攻击被认为是计算机网络的严重威胁之一。
根据建议可以将人为破坏分为主动攻击和被动攻击。
主动攻击旨在破坏网络和信息，通常使用的方式有修改、删除、弄虚作假、欺骗、病毒和逻辑炸弹。
一旦成功，它可能会停止网络系统的运行，甚至整个系统的瘫痪。
被动攻击是为了获取信息，这通常是进行窃取秘密信息，我们知道的，如在不影响正常运行的情况下进行的窃取贸易和商业秘密、项目计划、投标数字和个人信息。
恶意攻击，不管是模仿或者被动，都可能会损坏严重的电脑网络，导致机密数据的泄漏，最终造成不可挽回的损失。
1.3.2软件的泄漏和后门（计算）有两种软件泄漏：一种是通过建议精心设计来控制系统和窃取信息为将来使用所准备，另一种是意外，比如因为设计师的疏忽或其他技术元素。
然而，由于这些漏洞的存在导致了严重的隐藏的网络安全威胁。
例如，为了方便地进入操作系统开发者没有为系统设置进入密码，这将为黑客提供进入系统的通道。
进行作业系统时，一些系统进程一直在等待某些条件，一旦一次满意的条件下出现，这一进程将继续运行，这也可以被黑客利用。
否则，虽然一直保持保密，由程序员设置了供自己使用的一些后门程序（计算），如果它们泄露出去，或由其他人发现这可能会带来巨大的损害和信息丢失。
1.3.3计算机病毒破坏网络安全计算机病毒是一个专门的计算机程序，它通过各种渠道比如磁盘，光盘和计算机网络进行复制和传播。
它在20世纪80年代首先发现，到现在的数字已经提高到世界各地的10,000多个。
同时，隐瞒、传染和破坏也进一步发展。
随着互联网的飞速发展，计算机病毒的扩散速度已经在很大程度上加快，大大破坏和传染世界各地资源。
这场灾难对每一个国家和整个世界的信息系统产生了一个严重的影响。
美国大约63%的计算机被传染了病毒，9％的情况下已经导致了超过10万美元的损失，根据著名的MIS系统管理和数据任务营销公司进行的研究。
在1996年，计算机病毒已经造成美国制造业大1亿美元的经济损失。
互联网提供了计算机病毒容易扩散的环境，同时增加了消灭他们的困难。
计算机病毒的传播，不仅破坏网络，也使网络信息泄漏。
计算机病毒已经严重威胁到网络安全，特别是专用网络。
病毒代码很小，通常附在其他文件或程序末尾，因此它们很容易隐藏在系统内部。
病毒的自我复制能力使其在网络上传播时能够传染给其他文件和程序，病毒一旦扩散到网络上就非常难以追踪了。
1987年，计算机病毒在美国四处蔓延，而且第一种计算机病毒“小球”在当年年底传播到我国。
从那以后，已经发现进口和国内的病毒。
迄今为止，计算机病毒已经增加到20,000多种；其中90％以上能攻击微型计算机。
病毒的基本特征有：（1）传染：计算机病毒作为一个程序，能自我复制到其他正常程序或者系统的某些部件上，例如磁盘的引导部分。
这是病毒程序的基本特征。
随着网络日益广泛发展，计算机病毒能够在短时间内通过网络广泛传播。
（2）潜伏：隐藏在受感染系统内的病毒并不立即发作；相反，在它发作前，需要一定时间或具备某些条件。
在潜伏期内，它并不表现出任何扰乱行动，因此很难发现病毒并且病毒能够继续传播。
一旦病毒发作，它能造成严重破坏。
（3）可触发性：一旦具备某些条件，病毒便开始攻击。
这一特征称作可触发性。
利用这一特征，我们能控制其传染范围和攻击频率。
触发病毒的条件可能是预设的日期、时间、文件种类或计算机启动次数等。
（4）破坏：计算机病毒造成的破坏是广泛的—它不仅破坏计算机系统、删除文件、更改数据等，而且还能占用系统资源、扰乱机器运行等。
其破坏表现出设计者的企图。
通过我们已经学过的知识，我们知道病毒有如下的分类：（1）按寄生分类按寄生，计算机病毒可分成引导病毒、文件病毒和混合病毒。
＊引导病毒：指寄生在磁盘引导部分的那些计算机病毒。
它是一种常见病毒，利用计算机系统通常不检查引导部分的内容是否正确的弱点，并且留存在内存中，监视系统运行，一有机会就传染和破坏。
按寄生在磁盘的位置，它能进一步分成主引导记录病毒和段引导记录病毒。
前者传染硬盘的主引导部分，例如“marijuana”病毒、“2708”病毒、“porch”病毒；段记录病毒传染硬盘上的常用段记录，例如“小球”病毒、“女孩”病毒等。
（2）按后果分类从后果看，计算机病毒能分成“良性”病毒和“恶性”病毒。
“良性”病毒将破坏数据或程序，但不会使计算机系统瘫痪。
这种病毒的始作俑者大多是胡闹的黑客—他们创造病毒不是为了破坏系统，而是为了炫耀他们的技术能力；一些黑客使用这些病毒传播他们的政治思想和主张，例如“小球”病毒和“救护车”病毒。
“恶性”病毒将破坏数据和系统，导致整个计算机瘫痪，例如CHI病毒，“Porch”病毒。
这些病毒一旦发作，后果将是无法弥补的。
应当指出，“危险”是计算机病毒的共同特征。
“良性”病毒并非完全不造成危险，而只是危险后果相对较轻。
“良性”只是一个相对概念。
事实上，所有计算机病毒都是恶性的。
1.4计算机网络安全防范措施为了保护网络资源，我们应该指导一些管理和合理的说明。
此外，我们必须进行有关的技术措施，旨在解决网络安全中存在的问题，实现网络和数据的保护。
在此之后，可以保证定期循环，可以确保合法用户的利益。
目前，处理网络安全的措施如下：防火墙技术，加密技术，访问控制技术和病毒防护技术。
1.4.1防火墙技术在目前保护计算机网络安全的技术措施中，防火墙可以分割本地网络和主网络，在保护网络和外部网络之间限制信息访问和传输。
防火墙是关闭在网络拓扑结构和服务上不安全因素来提高网络的工具。
它保护的对象之一就是明确在网络接近临界点的模块，而它远离是外部威胁来保护网络。
因此，在公司它首先是适合在专门的网络，尤其是连接公共网络。
防火墙三个的基本功能如下：过滤。
它可以拒绝未经授权的电脑主机发送TCP / IP协议数据，并拒绝接受未经授权的服务链接要求。
网络地址转换。
翻译内部主机的IP地址以避免通过外部监视器被检测，或者我们可以说成IP伪装。
代理服务。
代表主机电脑应用方面具有较高水平，能够完全中断连接之间的跨主机和外部网络层。
我们应该更加注重的是没有防火墙可以提供绝对的保护。
防火墙具有边界，其中包括来自防火墙外部其他攻击方式的无用保护；难以阻止病毒污染的软件或文件的传输，几乎没有拒绝构成内部用户的威胁；几乎可以防止运行数据的攻击。
此外，由于防火墙的安全政策在公司是由网络管理员来控制的，所以他的道德标准似乎更为重要。
1.4.2 加密技术加密的目的是为了保护数据、文件、密码和网络上的控制信息，以及保护网络上数据传输。
这个过程实际上是进行了各种加密算法，用最低的成本获得一些保护。
在大多数情况下，加密是保证信息保密性和重要性的唯一途径。
加密系统可以根据分类代码之间信息的发送者和接受密码的方式，通常被划分成对称加密代码（单个键）和公共加密代码（双击键），如典型的代表DES和RSA。
伴随着高加密产生的优势之一是对称加密代码管理与安全方式传输信息的难度。
公众的加密代码的优势是它可以适用于网络不限成员名额的要求，并实现数字签名和验证。
然而，复杂的算法将使数据加密速度放缓。
随着现代电子技术和加密技术的发展，公共密码编码算法将逐渐成为网络安全加密系统的主流。
人们通常将常规密码和公共密码在网络安全中一起同应用。
常规的网络数据加密具有链路、节点和端到端的方式。
作为最常用的加密方式，链路加密可以通过链路层和物理层在网络和硬件条件下实现。
它用来保护通信节点传输的数据，对用户是透明的。
节点加密提高了链路加密和克服链路加密很容易被非法访问的缺陷。
它也可以在协议传输层加密，使原始节点和目的节点之间传输的数据进行加密保护。
端到端的加密是在网络层，在表示层中的网络和数据传输加密具有高水平的水准，而不是低级别的协议信息。
相比链路加密它往往是由软件完成，它具有较低的成本和更高的安全性。
1.4.3访问控制技术它是网络安全防范和保护的主要技术。
并且关键的任务是确保网络资源不会被非法使用和访问。
此技术规范每一个文件和资源，比如可读、可录制和可以修改用户的操作权限。
据预计，所有的信息资源可以集中管理，没有任何含糊和以往法规之间也没有冲突。
它应该与审计功能记录所有活动作进一步检查，以及提供微控制。
为了保障网络系统的安全性和保护网络资源，访问控制技术是保障网络安全的最重要的核心的之一。