45分钟热考题型练 3

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45 最新热映作品《回村三天,二舅治好了我的精神内耗》-中考英语时事热点话题题型专练

45 最新热映作品《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》《流浪地球II》《深海》《满江红》《银河护卫队》2023年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练一、阅读单选Taiyuan Ancient County lies in the Jinyuan District of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. It was first built in the Ming Dynasty, more than 600 years ago. It is part of the Jinyang ancient city relics (遗迹). On May 1, 2021, Taiyuan Ancient County first opened to welcome the tourists.The movie Full River Red, directed by Zhang Yimou, came out on Jan. 22, 2023 and topped China’s box office in a short time. It was named after Yue Fei’s most famous poem, which tells a patriotic (爱国的) story of the Song Dynasty. As the place where the movie was filmed, Taiyuan Ancient County has attracted about 350,000 tourists during the Spring Festival holiday. If you would like to pay it a visit, the following information can help you.Taiyuan Ancient County Scenic Spot (景点)Working hours: 9:30 a.m.~10:00 p.m.Tickets: Free for entryFor main scenic spots and activities:★The Filming Base of Full River Red: ￥20★County Wall: ￥20★County Government: ￥28★Lantern Fair (灯会): ￥50Address: Jinyuan North Outer Ring Street, TaiyuanTransportation: Buses 856, 804, 905, 79Service telephone: 0351-*******1．According to Para.1, Taiyuan Ancient County ________.A．has a history of over 600 years B．was called Jinyang ancient city C．first opened on May 1, 20222．We can know the movie Full River Red ________.A．is directed by Chen Kaige B．tells a patriotic story of Yue Fei C．was filmed at Taiyuan Ancient County 3．When visiting Taiyuan Ancient County, you ________.A．have to enter it before 9:00 a.m.B．can call 0351-******* to book ticketsC．don’t need to spend money on entry tickets4．Pam and her parents need to pay ________ in total to visit County Government.A．￥60B．¥84C．¥1505．The purpose of the passage is to ________.A．introduce the movie Full River RedB．attract visitors to Taiyuan Ancient CountyC．show the development of Taiyuan’s tourism【短文大意】本文主要讲电影《满江红》的拍摄地太原古城的历史及参观须知。

2020中考英语复习第三部分热考题型过关题型四词汇运用测试 (新版)人教新目标版

题型四词汇运用Ⅰ。

根据句意及汉语提示写单词1。

The singer is good at playing the guitar （吉他） and making wonderful music。

(2019北部湾)2。

When you are tired,you can go to a relaxing （令人放松的） place to have a rest.(2019贵港)3。

My grandpa is eighty （八十） years old；he keeps doing exercise every day.(2019百色)4。

The sports meeting was canceled （取消) because of the terrible weather.(2019荆门）5. Luckily （幸运），he was at home when I called this morning.(2019烟台)6。

Miss Zhang ordered (订购）a dress online two weeks ago，but it hasn't arrived yet.(2019苏州）7.Don’t give Eddie anything to eat。

I fed (喂，喂养) him just now.（2019镇江)8.I will have a meeting this afternoon。

Please wake （唤醒) me up at 2：00 pm.(2019广安）9。

Follow these small steps ,and you can make a big difference to the Earth.（步骤)（2019盐城)10。

Keeping English diaries （日记） is a good way to improve English。

（2019青岛）11。

2024届山东新高考高三高考考前45天大冲刺卷物理试题(二)

2024届山东新高考高三高考考前45天大冲刺卷物理试题（二）一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题质量为m的导体棒与两个半径为R的光滑圆弧电极接触良好，两个电极相互平行且都位于竖直平面内，O为其中一个圆弧电极的圆心，截面如图所示，导体棒中通有如图所示电流，导体棒在两个电极间的长度为L，在两电极间加一竖直方向的匀强磁场，磁感应强度大小为，导体棒恰好静止在电极的圆弧面上。

现在通过增大电流的方式使导体棒缓慢地从A点移动到B点，已知OA与水平方向的夹角为，OB与水平方向的夹角为。

已知重力加速度为g，则下列说法正确的是（）A．磁场方向竖直向上B．当导体棒静止在A点时，流过导体棒的电流大小为C．导体棒从A点移动到B点的过程中电极受到的压力逐渐减小D．当导体棒静止在B点时流过导体棒的电流大小为静止在A点时的3倍第(2)题如图所示为某潜艇下潜和上浮的v—t图像，t= 0时刻潜艇从水面开始下潜，5t0时刻回到水面，规定竖直向上为正方向，下列说法正确的是（）A．2t0末潜艇下潜至最深处B．1t0 ~ 3t0内潜艇上浮C．2t0末潜艇的加速度改变D．3t0 ~ 5t0内潜艇的位移大于2v0t0第(3)题用细线悬挂一小球，保持摆线长度一定，选项A、B两种情况下小球做振幅不同的单摆运动，选项C、D两种情况下小球做高度不同的圆锥摆运动，则四种情况中周期最短的是（）A．B．C．D．第(4)题科学家发现一种只由四个中子构成的粒子，这种粒子称为“四中子”，用表示。

“四中子”是通过向液态氢靶上发射原子核而产生的，与H碰撞可将一个核分裂成一个粒子和一个“四中子”。

由于核由四个核子组成，与“四中子”体系很相近，所以早在上个世纪50年代就有人根据核的结合能，估算“四中子”的结合能最大约为，其后有很多实验对四中子体系进行探测，但多数结论是否定的。

2022年，由数十个国家的科学家组成的团队发现了“四中子态”存在的明确证据。

下列有关“四中子”粒子的说法正确的是（）A．可以通过电磁场使形成高速粒子束B．产生“四中子”的核反应为C．从核子间相互作用来看，“四中子”与核的区别在于是否存在电磁力D．按上世纪50年代的估算，4个中子结合成“四中子”至多需要吸收的能量第(5)题图甲为一玩具起重机的电路示意图，理想变压器的原副线圈匝数比为5:1。

高考物理二轮总复习课后习题题型专项练选择题专项练(三)

选择题专项练(三)一、单项选择题:每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.(浙江金丽衢十二校联考)11月30日,神舟十五号载人飞船成功对接空间站天和核心舱,神舟十四号、十五号航天员乘组首次“太空会师”。

2月10日航天员穿着白色舱外航天服出舱,完成舱外作业,如图所示。

已知空间站绕地球飞行周期为91 min,轨道高度约400 km,地球半径R=6 400 km,引力常量G=6.7×10-11N·m2/kg2。

下列说法正确的是( )A.由已知数据可估算出地球的质量约为6×1024 kgB.飞船要与空间站对接,必须先飞到比空间站更高轨道然后加速C.航天员出舱后,如果静止释放一个小球,小球将做自由落体运动D.舱外航天服采用白色,主要是白色能吸收更多的太阳能,以防出舱后航天员太冷2.(浙江金华三模)4月12日21时,我国全超导托卡马克核聚变装置(EAST)成功实现稳态高约束模式等离子体运行403 s,如图所示,在该装置内发生的核反应方程是12H+13H H+1,13H的质量为m2,24H的质量为m3,X的质量为m4,光速为c,下列说法正确的是( )A.只有氘(12H)和氚(13H)能发生核聚变,其他原子核不能B.发生一次上述核聚变反应所释放的核能大小为(m4+m3-m2-m1)c2C.其中粒子X的符号是01nD.核聚变反应发生后,需要外界不断给它提供能量才能将反应持续下去3.(重庆沙坪坝模拟)某发电机的示意图如图甲所示。

使线圈a沿轴线做简谐运动,线圈a中产生的感应电动势随时间变化的关系如图乙所示。

线圈a连接原、副线圈匝数比为1∶10的理想变压器,其输出端接充电设备。

线圈a及导线的电阻不计。

则( )甲乙A.变压器输出电流的频率为10 HzB.充电设备两端的电压有效值为5 VC.其他条件不变,对不同规格的充电设备充电,变压器输入功率可能不同D.其他条件不变,仅增大线圈a简谐运动的频率,充电设备两端的电压最大值不变4.三根超高压输电线缆平行且间距相等,其截面图如图所示,截面圆心构成正三角形,上方A、B两根输电线缆截面圆心连线水平,某时刻A中电流方向垂直纸面向外、B中电流方向垂直纸面向里、电流大小均为I,下方C 输电线缆中电流方向垂直纸面向外、电流大小为2I,则( )A.A、B两输电线缆相互吸引B.A输电线缆所受安培力斜向左下方,与水平方向夹角为60°C.A输电线缆在A、B两圆心连线中点处的磁感应强度方向竖直向上D.正三角形中心O处磁感应强度方向水平向左5.(江苏苏州模拟)如图所示,某工厂生产的卷纸缠绕在中心轴上,卷纸的直径为d,轴及卷纸的总质量为m。

2019届高考政治题型专练【题型3】漫画类选择题(含解析)

题型三漫画类选择题一、透视寓意法方法指导：透过漫画标题、文字说明、注等提炼漫画的寓意，符合这一寓意的题肢入选。

1．漫画中的某企业管理者“少配一个”的决定( )①表明企业管理者的素质有待提高②能够节省企业开支，增加企业的利润③侵害了劳动者获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利④没有正确处理眼前利益与长远利益的关系A．①②③ B．①②④C．①③④ D．②③④答案 C解析“少配一个灭火器”侵害了劳动者获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利，会损害企业的长远利益，表明该管理者的素质有待提高。

2．下列对漫画《主动召回路漫漫》的认识正确的是( )①厂家行为有损企业形象，不利于企业长远发展②单纯的市场调节具有自发性的缺陷③厂家行为有利于实现经营目的，但不利于维护消费者权益④“主动召回”是维护市场秩序的治本之策A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③答案 A解析阅读漫画可知，厂家不肯主动召回有问题的产品，既损害了消费者的合法权益，也损害了企业的信誉和形象，故①入选，③排除；这一现象的发生说明市场调节具有自发性，②入选；④错误，维护市场秩序的治本之策是形成以道德为支撑、法律为保障的社会信用体系。

3．漫画《问责》说明，建立健全行政问责制度( )①是制约和监督权力的关键②有助于推动政府依法行政③有助于防止行政权力滥用④为公民行使监督权开拓了新渠道A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①③答案 B解析漫画旨在强调行政问责制度实施后，政府工作人员行使行政权力更加慎重，故②③正确。

①错误；行政问责与公民监督无直接关系，排除④。

4．漫画《庇护》，启示我们( )①联系具有多样性，应注意分析和把握事物发展的各种条件②事物的发展具有前进性，应热情支持和悉心保护新事物③矛盾具有普遍性，应坚持一分为二的观点看问题④矛盾具有特殊性，应坚持具体问题具体分析A．①③ B．②④ C．①④ D．②③答案 A解析漫画《庇护》表明，人们为事物提供保护的同时，也为事物的发展带来了不利的影响，我们要注意分析和把握事物发展的各种条件，既要认识事物发展的有利条件，又要注意不利的影响，坚持一分为二的观点看问题，故①③与漫画寓意相符。

2024版新教材高考语文复习特训卷专项练45带句式概括

专项练45 带句式概括1．请以“天问一号”为开头，用一个单句概括下面材料的主要内容。

要求保留关键信息，句子简洁流畅，不超过40个字。

嫦娥五号从月球挖土回来了，美国毅力号探测器比天问一号后发射升空，现在着陆火星了，天问一号为什么现在还没有着陆火星？地球到火星有5500万公里到4亿公里，距离太远了，即使发送电波，也需要20分钟，飞行器飞上去，真的需要时间。

你会说，中国和美国到火星的距离几乎一样，为什么毅力号后升空却先着陆？这确实是一个问题。

美国在毅力号之前，已有五台飞行器着陆火星，这为毅力号飞行器提供了重要经验。

而天问一号是我国向火星发射的首个探测器，没有现成的经验，完全靠自己摸索，当然需要时间。

另外，天问一号身兼数职，一个飞行器就要完成火星环绕、着陆和巡视探测三大任务，能不多花时间吗？所以，天问一号飞行器难以快速着陆火星。

答：2．请分别用一个单句概括下文各段的主要意思。

每句不超过10个字。

冬天，古城仿佛一下子弃绝往日喧嚣，人们从以往的喧嚣中恢复了平静的生活。

这种静美的境界，让古城拥有了一种独特的韵味，漫步小巷，心中油然生出回到古城昔日繁华岁月的幻觉。

夜幕降临，古街点亮了稀疏的灯火，几家店在营业，而顾客实在是稀少，这几家小店只有几位食客，有滋有味地享用着晚餐，透露出几许温馨的气息，令人有回到家的感觉。

古城南门外原有火神庙、孝义楼及阆苑第一楼，东门外有文昌宫、紫云宫、财神楼、太清宫、龙神祠及太平寺等建筑，如今却找不到踪影。

现在只看到盐市口街将古城老街与新城区隔开，分为新旧对比鲜明的东西两部分。

东边的东方广场是现代化商业街，呈现出时尚和繁华的景象。

答：3．简述下面语段的主要内容。

要求使用包含因果关系的句子，表达简洁流畅，不超过65个字。

如果一个孩童的害羞行为与生活紧密不分的话，就会造成最少的社会接触。

这类孩童不但减少获得他人认可肯定的机会，而且失去建立人际关系的可能，渐渐地不敢再奢望认识朋友，日子变得孤独与痛苦，最终无法表现出真正的自我，对人格发展影响甚大。

高考英语时文阅读热点主题题型组合练：专题03 校园生活 (全国通用)

专题03 高考英语时文阅读热点主题-校园生活一、阅读理解（2022秋·江苏无锡·高三统考期末）AOn Thursday 24th March, the University of Waterloo will be hosting the 2022 Canadian mathematics competition!These are common multiple-choice exam-style contests. Students who enter will sit the exam during school time. The contests last for 60 minutes and attention: calculating devices are allowed.The Pascal contest — Intended for Grade 9 students, however younger students are allowed to enter it. Students below Grade 7 are generally not recommended.How much to pay?$40 per student, which takes into consideration the entrance fee per student, the extra registration fees as a non-Canadian school, as well as postage fees. The school finance department will automatically charge this fee to the parent’s account.How to register?To register, please follow the link below: https:// forms Pages Response Page. asps. The deadline of registration is April 29th. We do not accept late registration.If you have registered, you can try practicing some past papers by visiting the following websites:1．What’s the purpose of the text?A．To advertise the Canadian university of Waterloo.B．To introduce the Canadian mathematics competition.C．To call on students to enter the 2022 Canadian mathematics competition.D．To arrange for students to learn mathematics in Waterloo university.2．What is special about the mathematics contest?A．It is a multiple-choice exam1-styie contest.B．Calculating devices are allowed in its exam.C．It is designed specially for senior students.D．The cost is low for both Canadians and foreigners.3．Which of the following is the biggest advantage of the competition?A．It is useful in university application.B．It is friendly to students’ summer vacation.C．it helps students to challenge themselves in mathematics.D．It helps students to collect the past papers of the competition.（2022秋·广东深圳·高三统考期末）BWorking out which colleges to apply for can be one of the most difficult decisions any high schooler can face, but Alena got it all out of the way early as she’s only 13 and already has her medical school offer.The application process for the medical school was “super stressful”, but she was adamant to follow her dreams regardless of what anyone said, even if it was “no”. “If I could say anything to another little girl that looks like me: never stop believing and don’t give up on your dreams just because somebody tells you ‘no’. You can do anything that you put your mind and your heart to,” she said.Alena is the youngest African American person to get into a US medical school, and the second-youngest person overall.Alena didn’t just wake up one day and decide to go to the medical school while in middle school — she’s a child genius. By the time she was 11 she’d already taken several high school courses. When Alena turned 12, she graduated from high school and is currently enrolled (注册) in online classes at Arizona State University.If all goes to plan for Alena, she’ll start studying to be a doctor at age 15, in 2024, and graduate when she’s 18 when other kids her age are preparing for their freshmen year at college. Although she’s so young, age is “not a big deal” to her and she is just a normal kid.She explained, “I’m in honors choir, I’m in cheerleading and I play soccer. I hang out at the mall with my friends like a 13-year-old does, and I also go to the movies and go swimming with them. I’m very structured and very disciplined.”4．Why does the author mention the high schoolers’ college application?A．To show how fortunate Alena is.B．To explain high schoolers’ difficult life.C．To present preferences of high schoolers.D．To stress how unusual Alena is to get the offer.5．What does the underlined word “adamant” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Determined.B．Qualified.C．Innocent.D．Patient.6．What can be inferred about Alena?A．She is now studying in a high school.B．She is taking online university classes.C．She will become a doctor at the age of 15.D．She is the youngest to get into a US medical school.7．Which of the following can best describe Alena’s life?A．Stressful but hopeful.B．Cheerful but meaningless.C．Rich and colorful.D．Simple and free.（2022秋·安徽六安·高三统考期末）COnline classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago. They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace—it is far more suitable for people with busy schedules.But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.First of all, students lack the desire to learn, and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.There is also little interaction among students. It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable Internet connection. Not all students have access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a disadvantage. Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions. However, they fail to provide a true education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructure online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.8．What can we infer about students enrolled in online classes?A．They are unmotivated to learn,B．They can access course materials easily.C．They rarely fulfil the course requirements.D．They can learn at their own pace.9．What is the author’s opinion about online course assignments? ‘A．They are meant to facilitate interaction.B．They are made convenient to mark.C．They are given to accommodate students` needs.D．They are based on easily accessible material.10．From the passage, which is one disadvantage of online classes?A．They make professors’ offices much less accessible.B．They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.C．They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.D．They tend to increase professors’ burden of replying students’ emails.11．What problem may arise if classes go online?A．Teachers will worry about poor Internet connections.B．Most students may get critical thinking skills from it.C．Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.D．Some students may have difficulty attending them.（2022秋·江苏南通·高三统考期末）DIn the coming era of budget cuts to education, distance learning could become a common thing.The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are important skills to cultivate in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receivemental help and other support.Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.12．What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?A．Forming the habit of getting up early.B．Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.C．Growing into living and breathing human beings.D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers.13．What does the author think of the latest technology in education?A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction.B．It may make many teachers jobless.C．It may add to student’s financial burden.D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching.14．What does the author say teachers are expected to do?A．To enhance student’s leadership capacity.B．To teach students skills in applying for jobs.C．To enable students to adapt to the changes in life.D．To prepare students to be competitive in the future.15．Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher?A．It lacks humanity.B．It can’t meet personal needs.C．It is still not advanced.D．It can’t track students’ growth.二、七选五（2023·山东枣庄·统考一模）It’s the start of a new academic year. There’s every reason to go back to school—or at least acquire a new skill.Start with art. If you’ve always fancied yourself as a bit of a Picasso, consider joining an art class. As learning anything new in a group, you’ll meet like-minded people and boost your self-esteem. ___16___ Research suggests that it has a positive effect on body image, especially for women.Speak a foreign language. Just back from holiday and feeling ashamed of your halting attempts to speak Spanish to waiters? ___17___ Learning a foreign language can keep your brain in trim. There was still a benefit even if you took up a foreign tongue later in life.Take photos to feel good. Enrolling on a course to take better pictures could improve your mental health. Taking a photo a day and posting it online is beneficial. ___18___Know how to knit. It’s sociable, calming and might help you to avoid mild cognitive impairment. ___19___ It also help distract people from chronic pain, according to Knit for Peace, an initiative from the Charities Advisory Trust.___20___ Research from the University of California Riverside found that when older people learned several skills at a time, their cognitive abilities increased to the level of people 30 years younger.A．It’s never too late to learn a new skill.B．It’s even been shown to lower blood pressure.C．And think about learning several new things at once.D．In that case, you cater to others and build up your strength.E．Trying your hand at life drawing will help your motor skills.F．Brushing up your language skills could be just what you need.G．Actually, it helps people to connect with others, and see the world differently.三、完形填（2022秋·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）When I saw a name I’ve not seen for three years next to the words “Teacher of the Year” on Wednesday night, I wasn’t at all ____21____ . The woman who helped me achieve my dreams of working as a ____22____ had finally got the ____23____ she deserved.After graduating from Miss Chase’s English and media classes in 2018, one year later her ____24____ helped me get on an apprenticeship (学徒工作) course for the BBC website I’m ____25____ for now as my job. If I wasn’t taught by the teacher of the year, who knows where I’d be today, as I was such a timid teen.Meeting Miss Chase for the first time as a very ____26____ 11-year-old at Newport’s Bassaleg School, it was clear she was the type of teacher that always went above and beyond. She ____27____ against exam boards when she thought I deserved a ____28____ score and she told me “You can do it” when the ____29____ of exams got too much. Also, giving me probably too many extensions for my media coursework ____30____ showed her generosity and patience. It’s rare having a teacher that ____31____ such a lasting impact on you after school.Even when pupils have left school, Miss Chase doesn’t ____32____ them. My brother Brandon, who is now in Year 12 at Bassaleg School, ____33____ comes home and says:“Miss Chase was asking about you today. She said she saw you on the BBC again.”For Miss Chase, developing ____34____ good relationships with her pupils, as well as “making them feel safe and making them feel like they can be ____35____ ” is what it takes to deserve this award. 21．A．excited B．frightened C．interested D．surprised22．A．scientist B．journalist C．teacher D．director23．A．money B．promotion C．recognition D．return24．A．care B．reference C．knowledge D．choice25．A．showing B．keeping C．writing D．recording26．A．adorable B．unreasonable C．fantastic D．shy27．A．played B．leaned C．appealed D．guarded28．A．higher B．lower C．fuller D．fewer29．A．praise B．pressure C．control D．honour30．A．deadline B．milestone C．keyboard D．headache31．A．engages B．falls C．influences D．leaves32．A．help B．forget C．contact D．find33．A．initially B．warmly C．probably D．frequently34．A．really B．hardly C．quickly D．simply35．A．artful B．energetic C．successful D．wise四、语法填空（2022秋·山东泰安·高三泰安一中统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2024年安徽省合肥市庐阳区四十五中橡树湾校区中考三模物理试题(学生版)

2023-2024学年第二学期物理（九年级）练习卷（三）温馨提示：本卷总分70分，答题时间（含化学）共为120分钟。

试题中g 取。

一、填空题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1. 如图所示，两个相同瓶子的瓶口相对，之间用一块玻璃板隔开，上面的瓶中装有空气，下面的瓶中装有密度比空气大的红棕色二氧化氮气体．抽掉玻璃板后，可以看到，两个瓶中的气体会混合在一起，最后颜色变得均匀，这属于 ____________ 现象2. 2024年2月9日龙年春晚上，由白敬亭、魏大勋、魏晨演唱的歌曲《上春山》，歌词优美，旋律动听，歌声令人陶醉。

三人齐唱时应保持__________相同（选填“音调”、“响度”或“音色”）。

3. 某城市铁路车站的设计方案如图所示，进站和出站的轨道都与站台构成一个缓坡，火车进站时靠惯性就能冲上缓坡，该过程将动能转为__________能，充分地利用了能量。

4. 我国三峡工程是举世瞩目的跨世纪工程，如图所示，三峡大坝的正常蓄水位为，则离水面距离为、面积为的大坝表面受到水的压力为__________N 。

5. 我国古代记录传统手工技术的著作《天工开物》里记载了一种捣谷用的舂，“横木穿插碓头，硬嘴为铁，足踏其末面舂之”。

如图所示，O 为固定转轴，A 处连接着碓头，脚踏杆的B 处可使石球升高，抬起脚，石球会落下去击打稻谷。

若碓头重力为200N ，不计横木重力和摩擦，则脚至少用______N 的力才可以将石球抬起。

的10N /kg 175m 30m 2100cm ()331.010kg /m ρ=⨯水6. 如图所示，通电螺线管接电源A ，B 两端，根据其右侧静止的小磁针指向可知__________端为电源正极（选填“A ”或“B ”）。

7. 如图所示的照明电路中电灯突然熄灭，经检测是cd 间断路。

正确使用测电笔测a 、b 、c 、d 四点时，能让测电笔发光的点是__________。

8. 如图所示电路，电阻R 1为3Ω，R 2为1Ω。

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45分钟热考题型练题型三实际应用与方案设计题(45分钟100分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共30分)1.(2015·乐山中考)电影《刘三姐》中,秀才和刘三姐对歌的场面十分精彩.罗秀才唱到:“三百条狗交给你,一少三多四下分,不要双数要单数,看你怎样分得均?”刘三姐示意舟妹来答,舟妹唱道:“九十九条打猎去,九十九条看羊来,九十九条守门口,剩下三条财主请来当奴才.”若用数学方法解决罗秀才提出的问题,设“一少”的狗有x条,“三多”的狗有y条,则解此问题所列关系式正确的是( ) A. B.C. D.【解析】选B.根据题意得,x,y都为奇数,“三多”根据均分的要求为3y,由一少三多可以得到0<x<y<300,故选B.2.已知A,C两地相距40千米,B,C两地相距50千米,甲乙两车分别从A,B两地同时出发到C地.若乙车每小时比甲车多行驶12千米,则两车同时到达C地.设乙车的速度为x千米/小时,依题意列方程正确的是( )A.=B.=C.=D.=【解题指南】解决这类问题最好的办法就是图示法:如本题可列表如下:【解析】选B.本题中的相等关系是两车同时到达C地,也就是两车用的时间相同,但它们行驶的速度不同,路程也不一样,乙车的速度是x千米/小时,甲的速度比乙车慢12千米/小时,于是可得方程:=.【知识归纳】列方程(组)解应用题的一般步骤(1)审:是指审清题意,明确哪些是已知量,哪些是未知量,以及它们之间的等量关系.(2)设:根据题意,设恰当的未知数.设未知数有“直接设元”与“间接设元”两种方法.(3)列:将相等关系中的各个量用含未知数的代数式表达出来,再根据相等关系列出方程.(4)解:解方程,得出未知数的值.(5)验:审查得出的方程的解是否符合题意,舍去不合题意的解.(6)答:写出答案.(注意,如果是间接设元,要先将未知数的值转化为题中所求的量,再作答).3.(2015·济南中考)将一块正方形铁皮的四角各剪去一个边长为3cm的小正方形,做成一个无盖的盒子,已知盒子的容积为300cm3,则原铁皮的边长为( ) A.10cm B.13cm C.14cm D.16cm【解析】选D.设原铁皮的边长为xcm,由题意得(x-6)2×3=300,(x-6)2=100,x-6=±10,x1=-4(舍去),x2=16.4.(2015·永州中考)永州市双牌县的阳明山风光秀丽,历史文化源远流长,尤以山顶数万亩野生杜鹃花最为壮观,被誉为“天下第一杜鹃红”.今年“五一”期间举办了“阳明山杜鹃花旅游文化节”,吸引了众多游客前去观光赏花.在文化节开幕式当天,从早晨8:00开始每小时进入阳明山景区的游客人数约为1000人.同时每小时走出景区的游客人数约为600人.已知阳明山景区游客的饱和人数约为2000人,则据此可知开幕式当天该景区游客人数饱和的时间约为( ) A.10:00 B.12:00C.13:00D.16:00【解析】选C.2000÷(1000-600)=5(小时),8:00+5=13:00.5.如图,将长为2、宽为1的矩形纸片分割成n个三角形后,拼成面积为2的正方形,则n≠( )A.2B.3C.4D.5【解析】选A.如图1,当n=2时,要沿对角线进行分割,但不能拼合成正方形;如图2,取矩形一条长边的中点,将矩形分成如图所示的三个三角形,可拼成符合要求的正方形;如图3,取矩形两长边的中点,把矩形分成如图所示的4个三角形,能拼成符合要求的正方形;如图4,随便把图3中的一个三角形分成两个三角形,即把矩形分为5个三角形,能拼成符合要求的正方形.综上所述,只有当n=2时,不能拼成符合要求的正方形,故选择A.6.(2015·龙岩中考)A,B,C,D四支足球队分在同一小组进行单循环足球比赛,争夺出线权.比赛规则规定:胜一场得3分,平一场得1分,负一场得0分,小组中积分最高的两个队(有且只有两个队)出线.小组赛结束后,如果A队没有全胜,那么A队的积分至少要多少分才能保证一定出线.【注:单循环比赛就是小组内的每一个队都要和其他队赛一场】( )A.7B.6C.4D.3【解析】选A.根据题意每队都进行3场比赛,本组进行6场比赛,根据规则每场比赛,两队得分的和是3分或2分,据此对A队的胜负情况进行讨论,从而确定.因此:若A队两胜一平,则积7分.因此其他队的积分不可能是9分,依据规则,不可能有球队积8分,每场比赛,两队得分的和是3分或2分.6场比赛两队的得分之和最少是12分,最多是18分,∴最多只有两个队得7分.所以积7分保证一定出线.若A队两胜一负,积6分.如表格所示,根据规则,这种情况下,A队不一定出线.同理,当A队积分是5分、4分、3分、2分时不一定出线.总之,至少7分才能保证一定出线.故选A.二、填空题(每小题5分,共25分)7.(2015·黄石中考)一食堂需要购买盒子存放食物,盒子有A,B两种型号,单个盒子的容量和价格如表,现有15升食物需要存放且要求每个盒子要装满,由于A 型号盒子正做促销活动,购买三个及三个以上可一次性返现金4元,则购买盒子所需要最少费用为________元.【解析】设A型号的盒子需要x个,B型号的盒子需要y个,则有2x+3y=15,因为x,y为整数,所以x=0,y=5或x=3,y=3或x=6,y=1.当x=0,y=5时需5×6=30元;当x=3,y=3时需3(5+6)-4=29元;当x=6,y=1时,若一次性购买A型号的盒子需6×5-4+1×6=32元,若分两次购买A型号的盒子,需3×5-4+3×5-4+1×6=28元.所以购买盒子所需要最少费用为28元.答案:288.(2015·无锡中考)某商场在“五一”期间举行促销活动,根据顾客按商品标价一次性购物总额,规定相应的优惠方法:①如果不超过500元,则不予优惠;②如果超过500元,但不超过800元,则按购物总额给予8折优惠;③如果超过800元,则其中800元给予8折优惠,超过800元的部分给予6折优惠.促销期间,小红和她母亲分别看中一件商品,若各自单独付款,则应分别付款480元和520元;若合并付款,则她们总共只需付款________元.【解答】由题得小红的购物总额可能是480元或600元,她母亲的购物总额为650元;当小红的购物总额是480元,她母亲的购物总额为650元时,两人总额为1130元,实付总款为:800×0.8+330×0.6=838(元).当小红的购物总额是600元,她母亲的购物总额为650元时,两人总额为1250元,实付总款为:800×0.8+450×0.6=910(元).所以总付款有两种情形:838或910元答案:838或9109.如图,在正方形方格中,阴影部分是涂黑7个小正方形所形成的图案,再将方格内空白的一个小正方形涂黑,使得到的新图案成为一个轴对称图形的涂法有________种.【解析】如图,依题意,共有3种方法:答案:310.在一次射击比赛中,某运动员前6次射击共中53环,如果他要打破89环(10次射击)的记录,那么第7次射击他至少要打出________环的成绩.【解析】设第7次射击为x环,那么53+x+30>89,解得x>6,∴他第7次射击不能少于7环.答案:7【方法技巧】求实际问题中的“至多”“至少”这类问题,常采用不等式(组)确定范围,即先根据题目的问题,直接设出未知数,列出不等式(组),求出相应的范围,再根据题目的条件,知道它是正整数或整数等,求出答案.11.某小区2013年绿化面积为2000平方米,计划2015年绿化面积达到2880平方米,如果每年绿化面积的增长率相间,那么这个增长率是________.【解析】设这个增长率为x,可以得出2014年的绿化面积为2000(1+x),2015年绿化面积为2000(1+x)2,根据题意列方程:2000(1+x)2=2880,解得x=0.2或x=-2.2,故答案为20%.答案:20%【知识归纳】“增长率”问题解题思路(1)一般情况下,假设基数为a,平均增长率为x,增长的次数为n(一般情况下为2),增长后的量为b,则有表达式a(1+x)n=b,类似的还有平均降低率问题,则有表达式a(1-x)n=b,注意区分“增”与“减”.(2)对于平均增长率问题,正确理解有关“增长”问题的一些词语的含义是解答这类问题的关键,常见的词语有:“增加”“增加到”“增加了几倍”“增长到几倍”“增长率”等.弄清基数、增长(减少)后的量及增长(减少)次数.(3)连续增长问题要注意,如果起始量为a,平均增长率为x,变化后的量为b,则增长一次后的量为a+ax=a(1+x);再增长一次后的量为:a(1+x)+a(1+x)x=a(1+x)2,故经过两次增长率相同的连续增长有公式b=a(1+x)2.三、解答题(共45分)12.(10分)(2015·六盘水中考)联通公司手机话费收费有A套餐(月租费15元,通话费每分钟0.1元)和B套餐(月租费0元,通话费每分钟0.15元)两种.设A 套餐每月话费为y1(元),B套餐每月话费为y2(元),月通话时间为x分钟.(1)分别表示出y1与x,y2与x的函数关系式.(2)月通话时间为多长时,A,B两种套餐收费一样?(3)什么情况下A套餐更省钱?【解析】(1)A套餐的收费方式:y1=0.1x+15;B套餐的收费方式:y2=0.15x.(2)由0.1x+15=0.15x,得到x=300,答:当月通话时间是300分钟时,A,B两种套餐收费一样.(3)当月通话时间多于300分钟时,A套餐更省钱.13.(11分)(2015·达州中考)学校为了奖励初三优秀毕业生,计划购买一批平板电脑和一批学习机,经投标,购买1台平板电脑比购买3台学习机多600元,购买2台平板电脑和3台学习机共需8400元.(1)求购买1台平板电脑和1台学习机各需多少元?(2)学校根据实际情况,决定购买平板电脑和学习机共100台,要求购买的总费用不超过168000元,且购买学习机的台数不超过平板电脑台数的1.7倍.请问有哪几种购买方案?哪种方案最省钱?【解析】(1)设购买1台平板电脑需要x元,一台学习机需要y元,由题意得:解得答:购买1台平板电脑需要3000元,一台学习机需要800元.(2)设购买平板电脑a台,则购买学习机(100-a)台,由题意得:解得:≤a≤40,∵a为正整数,∴a=38,39,40,则学习机依次买:62台,61台,60台.因此该校有三种购买方案:方案一:购买平板电脑38台,购买学习机62台;方案二:购买平板电脑39台,购买学习机61台;方案三:购买平板电脑40台,购买学习机60台.购买平板电脑和学习机的总费用为:方案一:38×3000+62×800=163600(元),方案二:39×3000+61×800=165800(元),方案三:40×3000+60×800=168000(元),因此,方案一:购买平板电脑38台,购买学习机62台,最省钱,按这种方案共需费用163600元.14.(12分)(2015·临沂中考)新农村社区改造中,有一部分楼盘要对外销售,某楼盘共23层,销售价格如下:第八层楼房售价为4000元/米2,从第八层起每上升一层,每平方米的售价提高50元;反之,楼层每下降一层,每平方米的售价降低30元,已知该楼盘每套楼房面积均为120米2.若购买者一次性付清所有房款,开发商有两种优惠方案:方案一:降价8%,另外每套楼房赠送a元装修基金;方案二:降价10%,没有其他赠送.请写出售价y(元/米2)与楼层x(1≤x≤23,x取整数)之间的函数关系式;老王要购买第十六层的一套楼房,若他一次性付清购房款,请帮他计算哪种优惠方案更加合算.【解析】当x≥8,x取整数时,y=4000+50(x-8)=3600+50x,当x<8,x取整数时,y=4000-30(8-x)=3760+30x.当x=16时,y=3600+50×16=4400,总价=4400×120=528000(元),方案一:528000×(1-8%)-a,方案二:528000×(1-10%),所以,528000×(1-8%)-a=528000×(1-10%)解得a=10560,所以,当a<10560时,选择方案二;当a=10560时,两种方案均可;当a>10560时选择方案一.15.(12分)(2015·遵义中考)某工厂生产一种产品,当产量至少为10吨,但不超过55吨时,每吨的成本y(万元)与产量x(吨)之间是一次函数关系,函数y与自变量x的部分对应值如表:x(吨) 10 20 30y(万元/吨) 45 40 35(1)求y与x的函数关系式,并写出自变量x的取值范围.(2)当投入生产这种产品的总成本为1200万元时,求该产品的总产量.(注:总成本=每吨成本×总产量)(3)市场调查发现,这种产品每月销售量m(吨)与销售单价n(万元/吨)之间满足如图所示的函数关系.该厂第一个月按同一销售单价卖出这种产品25吨,请求出该厂第一个月销售这种产品获得的利润.(注:利润=销价-成本)【解析】(1)每吨的成本y(万元)与产量x(吨)之间是一次函数关系,设关系式为y=kx+b,根据题意得解得∴y与x的函数关系式为y=-x+50(10≤x≤55).(2)根据题意得:1200=x,整理得:x2-100x+2400=0,解得:x1=40,x2=60,∵10≤x≤55,∴x=40,∴当投入生产这种产品的总成本为1200万元时,该产品的总产量为40吨. (3)设所求的函数关系式为m=k′n+b′.∵直线m=k′n+b′经过点(40,30),(55,15).∴解得∴所求的函数关系式为m=-n+70,当卖出这种产品25吨时,销售单价为n=70-25=45(万元/吨).此时每吨的成本y=-×25+50=37.5(万元/吨)因此该厂第一个月销售这种产品获得的利润为(45-37.5)×25=187.5(万元).【备选习题】某汽车销售公司经销某品牌A款汽车,随着汽车的普及,其价格也在不断下降.今年5月份A款汽车的售价比去年同期每辆降价1万元,如果卖出相同数量的A款汽车,去年销售额为100万元,今年销售额只有90万元.(1)今年5月份A款汽车每辆售价多少万元?(2)为了增加收入,汽车销售公司决定再经销同品牌的B款汽车,已知A款汽车每辆进价为7.5万元,B款汽车每辆进价为6万元,公司预计用不多于105万元且不少于99万元的资金购进这两款汽车共15辆,有几种进货方案?(3)如果B款汽车每辆售价为8万元,为打开B款汽车的销路,公司决定每售出一辆B款汽车,返还顾客现金a万元,要使(2)中所有的方案获利相同,a值应是多少?此时,哪种方案对公司更有利?【解题指南】(1)第一问比较简单,根据数量不变的情况下,用总价除以单价即可得解.(2)第二问通过“预计用不多于105万元且不少于99万元的资金购进这两款汽车共15辆”,可得一元一次不等式组,解不等式组可以得到购车方案.(3)第三问方案获利相同,说明与所设的未知数无关,让未知数的系数为0即可;对公司更有利,需要选择获利相同时,进价低的商品.【解析】(1)设今年5月份A款汽车每辆售价x万元.根据题意得:=,解得:x=9.经检验,x=9是原方程的根且符合题意.所以今年5月份A款汽车每辆售价9万元.(2)设A款汽车购进y辆,则B款汽车购进(15-y)辆.根据题意得:解得:6≤y≤10,所以有5种方案:方案一:A款汽车购进6辆;B款汽车购进9辆,方案二:A款汽车购进7辆;B款汽车购进8辆,方案三:A款汽车购进8辆;B款汽车购进7辆,方案四:A款汽车购进9辆;B款汽车购进6辆,方案五:A款汽车购进10辆;B款汽车购进5辆.(3)设总获利为W元,则W=(9-7.5)y+(8-6-a)(15-y)=(a-0.5)y+30-15a.当a=0.5时,(2)中所有方案获利相同.此时,方案一购买A款汽车6辆,B款汽车9辆时对公司更有利.关闭Word文档返回原板块。